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Turms Documentation

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简体中文

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PAGE NOT FOUND

But if you don't change your direction, and if you keep looking, you may end up where you are heading.
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API ​

Turms client currently supports four programming languages, JavaScript, Kotlin, Swift and Dart, exposing a consistent interface and behaving in a consistent manner. Some interface parameters may be inconsistent across languages, mainly due to: 1. The interface uses parameters and syntax that are closer to current language characteristics and conventions; 2. Unique parameters and interfaces of turms-client-js.

Since Turms client behavior is highly consistent across languages, you can easily translate your written business code into the other three languages without changing the code logic (see the examples at the end of this article) if you develop your application based on either language.

External Logic Structure ​

Return Value of Methods in Services ​

All Turms client service methods that interact with the Turms server are written based on the asynchronous model. turms-client-js uses the Promise model, turms-client-kotlin uses the Coroutines model, and turms-client-swift uses the Promise model (provided by PromiseKit).

Various Services can add, delete, update and query the business data provided by Turms. You need to understand their return value types in order to develop your own business code.

Deep Dive - For Responses with Status Code 10xx ​

Deep Dive - For Responses with Status Code Other Than 10xx ​

These types of responses are all regarded as "error" status responses. The methods in the Service will throw ResponseError or ResponseException through the asynchronous model, and these error or exception instances will carry a specific response status code and an error reason.

Deep Dive - Main Interface Differences ​

Normally, you don't need to care about the differences between client interfaces, but if your team needs to have one developer working on the upper layers based on multiple Turms clients, or if you need to compare the similarities and differences between the upper layer client code implementations for your project, you can learn about the differences in the main interfaces between the clients.

In early Turms client implementations, the interface parameters and data model between the clients were kept as uniform as possible in terms of configuration and meaning, such as time-related configuration parameters. However, this forced uniformity was written in a way that did not conform to the target language conventions. Also, considering that in most cases, the upper-level business code of each client usually has a dedicated person in charge of it, rather than all by one developer, the uniform meaning is not significant, and these differences are also in line with the target language habits, so no mandatory uniformity is made.

The differences in the main interfaces of the clients are listed below.

JavaScript ClientKotlin ClientSwift ClientDart ClientExamples
Time UnitConsistent with millisecondsConsistent with millisecondsUses TimeInterval (i.e., seconds)Consistent with millisecondsconnectTimeout
Response Exception ModelResponseError (inherited from Error)ResponseException (inherited from RuntimeException)ResponseError (inherited from Error)ResponseException (inherited from Exception)
Asynchronous ModelPromiseCoroutinesPromise provided by PromiseKitFuture

Note: For the externally exposed callback function implementation, Turms Swift client does not use the delegate proxy common to Swift, but escapes the closure via function passing like other language clients.

Understanding interfaces (Important) ​

The interfaces of all Turms clients are very easy to understand and use. Developers don't even need to look at what interfaces Turms clients have. They can simply deduce what interfaces Turms will have based on basic IM business knowledge.

Developers generally only need to remember:

Afterwards, based on business knowledge, we can infer what interfaces the Turms client will have, such as:

In summary, developers generally only need basic business knowledge to infer the interfaces provided by the Turms client, and do not even need to read the source code of the Turms client.

For advanced developers, the Turms client also provides a driver for implementing relatively low-level operations. In addition, as mentioned in the section on \`Session Lifecycle," the Turms client is intentionally designed to be clear and easy to understand, deliberately not providing operations such as automatic reconnection or automatic routing, because on one hand developers can easily implement such logic themselves, and on the other hand, such "hidden" internal logic can make it difficult for upper-level developers to control low-level driver behavior and can sometimes become a stumbling block.

Examples ​

The following examples include four versions of turms-client-js/kotlin/swift/dart and have equivalent functionalities. The following business operations are included: client initialization, login, listen for session disconnections (offline), listen for notifications, listen for new messages, query nearby users, send messages, and create groups.

Server-side Preparation before Trying Examples ​

Code example ​

javascript
// Initialize client
+import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,V as n}from"./chunks/framework.fogKwqBf.js";const c=JSON.parse('{"title":"API","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"client/api.md","filePath":"client/api.md"}'),e={name:"client/api.md"},t=n(`
API ​
Turms client currently supports four programming languages, JavaScript, Kotlin, Swift and Dart, exposing a consistent interface and behaving in a consistent manner. Some interface parameters may be inconsistent across languages, mainly due to: 1. The interface uses parameters and syntax that are closer to current language characteristics and conventions; 2. Unique parameters and interfaces of turms-client-js.
Since Turms client behavior is highly consistent across languages, you can easily translate your written business code into the other three languages without changing the code logic (see the examples at the end of this article) if you develop your application based on either language.
External Logic Structure ​
  • TurmsClient: TurmsClient is the only class exposed directly to the public. A TurmsClient instance represents a session between a client and a server. The following variables are the external member variables of TurmsClient.
    • driver: TurmsClient's runtime driver. It is responsible for the basic operations such as opening and closing the connection, sending and receiving the underlying data and heartbeat control. The following service layer classes are all driver-based.
    • userService: A user-related service. It is responsible for such operations as user login, adding friends, adding relationship groups, sending/processing friend requests, querying nearby users, etc.
    • groupService: A group-related service. It is responsible for operations such as creating groups, changing group owners, modifying group members' roles, modifying group information, etc.
    • messageService：A message-related service. It is responsible for operations such as sending messages, modifying sent messages, querying various messages and their status, recalling messages, etc.
    • notificationService: A notification-related service. It is responsible for receiving and responding to business-level notifications (e.g., other users sending friend requests to the user, group members going up and down, etc.). Reminder: messages are not considered as business-level notifications, so notificationService does not handle user messages, and user messages are only handled by messageService. The concept of "notification" in TurmsNotification in driver refers to the notification from the Turms server to the Turms client at the network level, so the notificationService does not handle the underlying TurmsNotification data.
      Addendum: You can change the notification function on and off in real-time at im.turms.server.common.infra.properties.env.service.business.NotificationProperties on the Turms server.
    • storageService: A storage-related service (optional extension). It is responsible for upload and download operations of user avatars, group avatars and message attachments. Note: This service is an extension of turms, so if you want to use this feature, you need to integrate turms-plugin-minio or your own storage plugin into the Turms server.
Return Value of Methods in Services ​
All Turms client service methods that interact with the Turms server are written based on the asynchronous model. turms-client-js uses the Promise model, turms-client-kotlin uses the Coroutines model, and turms-client-swift uses the Promise model (provided by PromiseKit).
Various Services can add, delete, update and query the business data provided by Turms. You need to understand their return value types in order to develop your own business code.
Deep Dive - For Responses with Status Code 10xx ​
  • For methods that add business data, if the return value of the method is declared as an asynchronous model (e.g., Promise<Response<string>>), the return value of the generic type (such as the string type in the previous section) must not be null, otherwise an error with status code INVALID_RESPONSE will be thrown ResponseError or ResponseException, indicating that a data that should exist is missing. If this error occurs, it means there is a bug of inconsistency in the behavior of either the Turms server or client.
  • For methods that delete and update business data, they both return Void types wrapped by asynchronous models (e.g., Promise<Response<Void>>).
  • For functions that find business models.
    If the function of this class returns a List type wrapped by an asynchronous model, the lookup operation function returns an empty List instead of null or undefined when the server returns empty data.
    If the wrapped type is not a List, the lookup function returns an undefined (JavaScript) or null (Kotlin) or nil (Swift) when the server returns null data. Special case: the answerGroupQuestions method can be counted as a query method, but its return data is never null.
Deep Dive - For Responses with Status Code Other Than 10xx ​
These types of responses are all regarded as "error" status responses. The methods in the Service will throw ResponseError or ResponseException through the asynchronous model, and these error or exception instances will carry a specific response status code and an error reason.
Deep Dive - Main Interface Differences ​
Normally, you don't need to care about the differences between client interfaces, but if your team needs to have one developer working on the upper layers based on multiple Turms clients, or if you need to compare the similarities and differences between the upper layer client code implementations for your project, you can learn about the differences in the main interfaces between the clients.
In early Turms client implementations, the interface parameters and data model between the clients were kept as uniform as possible in terms of configuration and meaning, such as time-related configuration parameters. However, this forced uniformity was written in a way that did not conform to the target language conventions. Also, considering that in most cases, the upper-level business code of each client usually has a dedicated person in charge of it, rather than all by one developer, the uniform meaning is not significant, and these differences are also in line with the target language habits, so no mandatory uniformity is made.
The differences in the main interfaces of the clients are listed below.
JavaScript ClientKotlin ClientSwift ClientDart ClientExamples
Time UnitConsistent with millisecondsConsistent with millisecondsUses TimeInterval (i.e., seconds)Consistent with millisecondsconnectTimeout
Response Exception ModelResponseError (inherited from Error)ResponseException (inherited from RuntimeException)ResponseError (inherited from Error)ResponseException (inherited from Exception)
Asynchronous ModelPromiseCoroutinesPromise provided by PromiseKitFuture
Note: For the externally exposed callback function implementation, Turms Swift client does not use the delegate proxy common to Swift, but escapes the closure via function passing like other language clients.
Understanding interfaces (Important) ​
The interfaces of all Turms clients are very easy to understand and use. Developers don't even need to look at what interfaces Turms clients have. They can simply deduce what interfaces Turms will have based on basic IM business knowledge.
Developers generally only need to remember:
  • Create a Turms client instance through new TurmsClient(...)
  • As mentioned in the previous section on External Logic Structure, the Turms client is divided into five services: userService (related to user), groupService (related to group), messageService (related to message), notificationService (related to notification), and storageService (related to storage, optional).
Afterwards, based on business knowledge, we can infer what interfaces the Turms client will have, such as:
  • If a user needs to log in first, we naturally think of the userService related to users. Since it is "logging in," we look for a login method and naturally find the client.userService.login(...) method.
  • After logging in, the user needs to be able to send messages. We would then think of the messageService related to messages and look for an method similar to sendMessage, which leads us to the client.messageService.sendMessage(...) method.
  • Since we can send messages, what method can we use to listen for received messages? Since it is still related to messages, we still think of the messageService, so we might consider methods like onMessage, subscribeMessage, or addMessageListener. Looking through the code, we find the client.messageService.addMessageListener(...) method.
  • If we can listen for received messages, how do we listen for received notifications? Since it is related to notifications, we naturally think of the notificationService related to notifications. Since the method for listening for received messages is called addMessageListener, the method for listening to notifications should be addNotificationListener, which leads us to the client.notification.addNotificationListener method.
In summary, developers generally only need basic business knowledge to infer the interfaces provided by the Turms client, and do not even need to read the source code of the Turms client.
For advanced developers, the Turms client also provides a driver for implementing relatively low-level operations. In addition, as mentioned in the section on \`Session Lifecycle," the Turms client is intentionally designed to be clear and easy to understand, deliberately not providing operations such as automatic reconnection or automatic routing, because on one hand developers can easily implement such logic themselves, and on the other hand, such "hidden" internal logic can make it difficult for upper-level developers to control low-level driver behavior and can sometimes become a stumbling block.
Examples ​
The following examples include four versions of turms-client-js/kotlin/swift/dart and have equivalent functionalities. The following business operations are included: client initialization, login, listen for session disconnections (offline), listen for notifications, listen for new messages, query nearby users, send messages, and create groups.
Server-side Preparation before Trying Examples ​
  • Option 1: No need to build Turms servers locally, users connect to turms-gateway on Playground directly locally via the client API (WebSocket endpoint: http://playground.turms.im:10510; TCP endpoint: http://playground.turms.im:11510). However, pay attention to upgrade the local client to the latest version in time to avoid the problem of inconsistent data because of server-side interface updates.
  • Option 2: Update the following configuration in the application.yaml configuration file. 
    1. Set turms.gateway.session.enable-authentication to false (disable user login authentication)
    2. Set turms.service.message.allow-sending-messages-to-stranger to true (allow users without relationship to send messages to each other)
  • Option 3: Use the built-in dev profile configuration. This is because the dev profile provided by Turms already has the above configuration. By default, the profile of application.yaml in the Turms distribution package is empty, i.e. the default profile is not dev and you need to configure it to dev manually.
Code example ​
javascript
// Initialize client
 const client = new TurmsClient(); // new TurmsClient('ws://any-turms-gateway-server.com');
 
 // Listen to the offline event
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-import{_ as e,c as t,o,V as i}from"./chunks/framework.fogKwqBf.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"Turms Chat Demo","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"client/turms-chat-demo.md","filePath":"client/turms-chat-demo.md"}'),a={name:"client/turms-chat-demo.md"},r=i('
Turms Chat Demo ​
Background ​
Initially, our plan was to let users to reuse existing XMPP clients by making turms-gateway support the XMPP protocol. However, both paid and free XMPP clients have generally low quality, mainly due to the following reasons:
  1. Most XMPP client projects have poor code quality, especially early client engineers who lack coding skills. They often mix complex UI logic with business logic (e.g., the famous open-source project JMeter), making it difficult for redevelopment. It is better to rewrite them from scratch.
  2. Both commercial and open-source XMPP clients have UI designs that are at an amateur level. If a client project lacks a professional UI, we doubt the capabilities of their frontend engineers and UI designers (a competent intermediate frontend engineer should be capable of designing a single product UI independently). We do not recommend users to adopt their solutions.
  3. There is hardly any open-source XMPP client that supports a complete cross-platform solution.
  4. Many low-quality XMPP clients even require payment.
Considering that developing a cross-platform IM application is not difficult and mainly involves manual work, and that IM application UI and functionalities are highly generic (researching 10 commercial IM applications in the market would reveal that at least 9 of them have similar UI and functionalities), we decided to first provide the IM client demo turms-chat-demo-flutter for Turms users to use or redevelopment. We will support the XMPP protocol later.
Roadmap ​
  • November-December 2023: Complete desktop UI design; set up Flutter project framework; develop and test basic desktop components; complete Windows UI development and testing.
  • December 2023-January 2024: Adapt the UI for MacOS; develop and test basic mobile components; complete Android UI development and testing.
  • January-February 2024: Adapt the UI for iOS.
  • February-March 2024: Develop the UI for the web.
  • March-April 2024: Integrate turms-client-dart and implement IM business logic (the above tasks only involve UI development and testing, excluding business logic).
Note:
  • Considering other tasks, holidays, and work situations at Turms, the above timeline may be subject to slight changes.
  • There is no plan to support mini programs.
Introduction ​
We want to emphasize the term demo in the project name. This term mainly has the following meanings:
  1. Whether from a product perspective or a technical perspective, this client "demo" is just one of the "possible" solutions. Users should not limit their ability to design their own IM products because of this "demo." Especially, do not assume that Turms' server is customized for this "demo." As repeatedly mentioned in the Turms documentation, Turms is a generic IM solution dedicated to solving various IM scenarios.
  2. Prepare for users' further development. This mainly involves three aspects: 
    1. Separation of UI and business logic. This allows teams that need to do redevelopment to reuse the UI to implement their own business logic. Readers can even use the turms-chat-demo-flutter project without the Turms server, but instead use their own self-developed IM server.
    2. We continue to use the permissive Apache 2.0 license instead of the more restrictive GPL license commonly used in client open-source projects.
    3. Since the UI design of IM applications worldwide is very similar, this demo will also implement most of the generic UI and logic for IM. It generally does not provide more customized logic to facilitate redevelopment by other teams.
Note: demo does not imply "low quality." Readers will understand this by examining the code quality and UI design later.
Redevelopment ​
Due to the numerous design patterns for Flutter applications, many applications lack a unified design, resulting in multiple conflicting designs within a single application, making the architecture look very chaotic.
In order to unify the architecture and code design of this application, making it easier for readers to read the code and engineers to add code, this chapter explains the project's state management and architecture.
State Management ​
There are many state management solutions for Flutter, with at least dozens of them. For application-level state management, turms-chat-demo-flutter adopts the mainstream, Flutter officially recommended, more in line with Flutter's own design, and actively updated solution, which is Riverpod.
Although there are other state management solutions for Flutter, either they introduce unnecessary complexity (such as Bloc), or they are too invasive (such as GetX), or they have significant differences from Flutter's native style, or they are not updated for a long time, or they are more experimental. Therefore, they are not adopted.
In addition, besides using Riverpod to implement state management, this application also uses it to implement dependency injection.
Architecture ​
Not only are there many design patterns for Flutter application architecture, but there are also multiple ways to practice the same architecture design. Based on the design tradition of Flutter applications, this project chooses the most suitable architecture design pattern for its own situation:
For application-level architecture design: based on Riverpod, adopting a hybrid architecture design of MVC+S and MVVM.
  • Model => Repository: Responsible for interacting with external data source interfaces for CRUD operations.
  • View => Widget: Responsible for UI presentation.
  • Controller + View Model => Controller: Responsible for receiving user input and performing business logic based on services; manages the business state of business components for UI presentation.
  • Service: Responsible for executing business logic, connected to controller above and repository below. It is not called a common domain because domain is a vague term that can refer to not only service but also repository, and even both controller, service, and repository at the same time, representing the "business domain".
Note:
  • The controller mentioned in this chapter is the controller in the application architecture layers, not the controller of Flutter widgets, such as AnimationController.
  • In some Flutter projects, the controller is not only a controller but also a view model. In this application, the controller is just a controller, but it also includes view models, which are states.
  • Complex projects may adopt a 5-layer architecture, namely: View, Controller, Service, Repository, Data Source. However, this application has relatively simple logic, so it only adopts a 3-layer or 4-layer architecture, namely: View, Controller, Service (optional), Repository.
  • If readers read open-source desktop projects with a history of more than 10 years, you may often find that the model class of such projects may contain more complex business logic.
    This is because in early desktop development and object-oriented design, model is a more comprehensive concept, often referring to both the more common model/entity (data model, which does not include data processing logic or only includes basic data processing logic) and repository (the repository layer for obtaining, processing, and responding with data). However, because such a design obviously does not conform to the design principle of Separation of Concerns, reliable modern projects will not adopt such a design.
Directory Structure ​
Based on the above architecture design, the directory structure of this project is roughly as follows:
  • ui 
    • components: Shared UI widgets such as buttons, tabs, etc.
    • screens: Application pages. Each page includes not only Widgets but also their respective controllers.
    • themes: Themes.
  • domain 
    • user 
      • services
      • repositories
    • message 
      • services
      • repositories
    • ...
  • infra: 
    • preferences: Manage local application configurations.
    • routes: Routes.
    • window: Manage desktop windows.
    • ...
',29),n=[r];function s(l,c,d,p,u,h){return o(),t("div",null,n)}const f=e(a,[["render",s]]);export{g as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git a/docs/assets/client_turms-chat-demo.md.jiCA88xK.lean.js b/docs/assets/client_turms-chat-demo.md.jiCA88xK.lean.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ee6a49a..00000000
--- a/docs/assets/client_turms-chat-demo.md.jiCA88xK.lean.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-import{_ as e,c as t,o,V as i}from"./chunks/framework.fogKwqBf.js";const g=JSON.parse('{"title":"Turms Chat Demo","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"client/turms-chat-demo.md","filePath":"client/turms-chat-demo.md"}'),a={name:"client/turms-chat-demo.md"},r=i("",29),n=[r];function s(l,c,d,p,u,h){return o(),t("div",null,n)}const f=e(a,[["render",s]]);export{g as __pageData,f as default};
diff --git a/docs/assets/client_turms-chat-demo.md.sB-wzgDA.js b/docs/assets/client_turms-chat-demo.md.sB-wzgDA.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f54bec35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/assets/client_turms-chat-demo.md.sB-wzgDA.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,c as t,o,V as i}from"./chunks/framework.fogKwqBf.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"Turms Chat Demo","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"client/turms-chat-demo.md","filePath":"client/turms-chat-demo.md"}'),a={name:"client/turms-chat-demo.md"},s=i('
Turms Chat Demo ​
Background ​
Initially, our plan was to let users to reuse existing XMPP clients by making turms-gateway support the XMPP protocol. However, both paid and free XMPP clients have generally low quality, mainly due to the following reasons:
  1. Most XMPP client projects have poor code quality, especially early client engineers who lack coding skills. They often mix complex UI logic with business logic (e.g., the famous open-source project JMeter), making it difficult for redevelopment. It is better to rewrite them from scratch.
  2. Both commercial and open-source XMPP clients have UI designs that are at an amateur level. If a client project lacks a professional UI, we doubt the capabilities of their frontend engineers and UI designers (a competent intermediate frontend engineer should be capable of designing a single product UI independently). We do not recommend users to adopt their solutions.
  3. There is hardly any open-source XMPP client that supports a complete cross-platform solution.
  4. Many low-quality XMPP clients even require payment.
Considering that developing a cross-platform IM application is not difficult and mainly involves manual work, and that IM application UI and functionalities are highly generic (researching 10 commercial IM applications in the market would reveal that at least 9 of them have similar UI and functionalities), we decided to first provide the IM client demo turms-chat-demo-flutter for Turms users to use or redevelopment. We will support the XMPP protocol later.
Roadmap ​
  • November-December 2023: Complete desktop UI design; set up Flutter project framework; develop and test basic desktop components; complete Windows UI development and testing.
  • December 2023-January 2024: Adapt the UI for MacOS; develop and test basic mobile components; complete Android UI development and testing.
  • January-February 2024: Adapt the UI for iOS.
  • February-March 2024: Develop the UI for the web.
  • March-April 2024: Integrate turms-client-dart and implement IM business logic (the above tasks only involve UI development and testing, excluding business logic).
Note:
  • Considering other tasks, holidays, and work situations at Turms, the above timeline may be subject to slight changes.
  • There is no plan to support mini programs.
Introduction ​
We want to emphasize the term demo in the project name. This term mainly has the following meanings:
  1. Whether from a product perspective or a technical perspective, this client "demo" is just one of the "possible" solutions. Users should not limit their ability to design their own IM products because of this "demo." Especially, do not assume that Turms' server is customized for this "demo." As repeatedly mentioned in the Turms documentation, Turms is a generic IM solution dedicated to solving various IM scenarios.
  2. Prepare for users' further development. This mainly involves three aspects: 
    1. Separation of UI and business logic. This allows teams that need to do redevelopment to reuse the UI to implement their own business logic. Readers can even use the turms-chat-demo-flutter project without the Turms server, but instead use their own self-developed IM server.
    2. We continue to use the permissive Apache 2.0 license instead of the more restrictive GPL license commonly used in client open-source projects.
    3. Since the UI design of IM applications worldwide is very similar, this demo will also implement most of the generic UI and logic for IM. It generally does not provide more customized logic to facilitate redevelopment by other teams.
Note: demo does not imply "low quality." Readers will understand this by examining the code quality and UI design later.
Redevelopment ​
Due to the numerous design patterns for Flutter applications, many applications lack a unified design, resulting in multiple conflicting designs within a single application, making the architecture look very chaotic.
In order to unify the architecture and code design of this application, making it easier for readers to read the code and engineers to add code, this chapter explains the project's state management and architecture.
State Management ​
There are many state management solutions for Flutter, with at least dozens of them. For application-level state management, turms-chat-demo-flutter adopts the mainstream, Flutter officially recommended, more in line with Flutter's own design, and actively updated library, which is Riverpod.
Although there are other state management solutions for Flutter, either they introduce unnecessary complexity (such as Bloc), or they are too invasive (such as GetX), or they have significant differences from Flutter's native style, or they are not updated for a long time, or they are more experimental. Therefore, they are not adopted.
In addition, besides using Riverpod to implement state management, this application also uses it to implement dependency injection.
Architecture ​
Not only are there many design patterns for Flutter application architecture, but there are also multiple ways to practice the same architecture design. Based on the design tradition of Flutter applications, this project chooses the most suitable architecture design pattern for its own situation:
For application-level architecture design: based on Riverpod, adopting a hybrid architecture design of MVC+S and MVVM.
  • Model => Repository: Responsible for interacting with external data source interfaces for CRUD operations.
  • View => Widget: Responsible for UI presentation.
  • Controller + View Model:
    • Controller: Responsible for receiving user input and executing business logic based on services; manages the business state of business components for display on the UI layer.
    • View Model: Responsible for storing various states and notifying listeners (observer pattern) when the state changes.
  • Service: Responsible for executing business logic, connected to controller above and repository below. It is not called a common domain because domain is a vague term that can refer to not only service but also repository, and even both controller, service, and repository at the same time, representing the "business domain".
Note:
  • The controller mentioned in this chapter is the controller in the application architecture layers, not the controller of Flutter widgets, such as AnimationController.
  • In some Flutter projects, the controller is not only a controller but also a view model. In this application, the controller is just a controller, but it also includes view models, which are states.
  • Complex projects may adopt a 5-layer architecture, namely: View, Controller, Service, Repository, Data Source. However, this application has relatively simple logic, so it only adopts a 3-layer or 4-layer architecture, namely: View, Controller, Service (optional), Repository.
  • If readers read open-source desktop projects with a history of more than 10 years, you may often find that the model class of such projects may contain more complex business logic.
    This is because in early desktop development and object-oriented design, the Model was a more comprehensive concept, often referring to what is now more commonly known as Model/Entity (data model, which does not contain data processing logic, or only contains basic data processing logic) and Repository (the storage layer for obtaining, processing, and responding to data).
    On one hand, such a design clearly does not conform to the design principle of Separation of Concerns.
    On the other hand, we often say that class design should be highly cohesive and loosely coupled. However, if we take classes as points and the class hierarchy as a plane (one manifestation is the directory structure), mixing data models with repository layer logic can also lead to low cohesion and high coupling in code layers. This is an anti-paradigm design caused by ignorance, rather than a consciously anti-paradigm design.
    Therefore, reliable modern projects no longer adopt such designs.
    • Some Flutter projects' Controllers are not just Controllers, but also (are) View Models. But their disadvantages are as mentioned above.
    So in this application, the Controller is just a Controller, and it can contain (has) zero to multiple View Models, i.e., States.
    • Many excellent design concepts are interchangeable, only the specific terms may differ. In the field of web applications, when we design UI components, we usually distinguish between Smart Components (those that contain logic, especially business logic) and Dumb Components (those that do not contain logic, or only contain very simple logic). The View mentioned in turms-chat-demo is a Dumb Component, and the combination of View and Controller constitutes Smart Components.
Directory Structure ​
Based on the above architecture design, the directory structure of this project is roughly as follows:
  • ui 
    • components: Shared UI widgets such as buttons, tabs, etc.
    • screens: Application pages. Each page includes not only Widgets but also their respective controllers.
    • themes: Themes.
  • domain 
    • user 
      • services
      • repositories
    • message 
      • services
      • repositories
    • ...
  • infra: 
    • preferences: Manage local application configurations.
    • routes: Routes.
    • window: Manage desktop windows.
    • ...
UI components have a many-to-many relationship with the domain, which is why the turms-chat-demo does not place UI components and business domains in the same level directory like many other applications do.
IPC ​
The IPC in turms-chat-demo is implemented using the WebSocket protocol and JSON-RPC 2.0 transfer format for features such as singleton application, automatic updates, and communication with third-party applications.
The reasons for not using Unix Domain Sockets are:
  • Windows platform itself has many bugs related to Unix Sockets.
    For example:
  • To reduce unnecessary development and maintenance costs. Since both MacOS and Windows do not support the Abstract Namespace feature, it is necessary to rely on the file system:
    • Unix Socket Domain requires that the file path length character count must not exceed 108 characters (null-terminated string). To ensure the robustness of the program, various fallbacks are naturally required, leading to cumbersome code.
    • If turms-chat-demo is not properly closed (e.g., the user's computer crashes), the Unix Domain Socket in the file system will not be automatically deleted. Therefore, it is necessary to check whether the Unix Domain Socket corresponding file is still valid, and different implementations are required for different platforms. For example, for Linux and MacOS platforms, unlink the file before the server Socket bind. For the Windows platform, create a temporary file first, and during program execution, lock it. If the Unix Domain Socket file exists and the temporary file is also locked, it indicates a valid Socket; otherwise, it is invalid. Of course, this is just a rough implementation idea, and due to different platform implementation details and varying bugs in different versions of the Windows platform, extensive testing and adaptation are still needed.
  • Poor scalability. For specific reasons, see below.
The reasons for using WebSocket + JSON-RPC 2.0 are:
  • Dart officially provides the ready-made json_rpc_2 library, which supports WebSocket + JSON-RPC 2.0, so adopting this solution has almost no maintenance cost for us.
  • Although turms-chat-demo itself needs to use IPC operations, the usage frequency is extremely low, so there is no need to pursue extreme performance like the Turms servers.
  • It is convenient for third-party applications to call turms-chat-demo based on WebSocket + JSON-RPC 2.0.
  • There are a large number of client tools on the Internet that support the WebSocket protocol and JSON format, and it is easy to debug the IPC features of turms-chat-demo based on these tools.
Text Editing ​
Text Editor Library Ecosystem ​
  • appflowy_editor. appflowy_editor is undoubtedly the most feature-rich and highest-quality text editor in the Flutter community. However, it uses a dual open-source license, one of which is AGPL. Therefore, it is not considered.
  • flutter_quill: Ignoring the numerous bugs in this dependency library, it basically meets the main functional requirements of turms-chat-demo. However, the maintainer's programming skills are poor, and the code is a typical example of spaghetti code. The maintainer is not yet qualified, so there is no intention to expand its features, and the project is not considered.
  • super_editor: The project has high code quality, but it does not support many basic text editing features (as of March 2024), such as redo/undo and inline images. It is better to use Flutter's built-in TextField directly.
In summary, considering that there is no reliable open-source text editor available, Flutter's built-in TextField is used.
Chat Text Protocol ​
Should Support for a Single Message to Display Multiple Videos and Images or Not ​
Supporting the display of multiple videos and images in a single message is not user-friendly in terms of UI design and software performance.
On one hand, when displaying a message in the UI, the size of the message must be constant. Otherwise, if the size changes with the loading status of the message, such as during loading or failure, it would be a very bad user experience. To ensure that the size of the message does not change with the message status, the overall size of the message must be confirmed when displaying the message UI.
To confirm the size of the rich text message, either the sender or the server must confirm the size of all thumbnails of images and videos during the message sending process and record this size as part of the message, which is then transmitted to the recipient. However, this approach is inflexible, as any change in thumbnail size would invalidate the previous size records.
Alternatively, the recipient must wait for all thumbnails in a message to be downloaded before determining the size of the message based on the thumbnails and then displaying it in the UI. This approach has two significant drawbacks: first, the recipient must wait for all thumbnails to be downloaded before the client can display the message, increasing the message delay. Second, if some thumbnails in a single message fail to download, the client cannot obtain the complete size of the message. In this case, to still display the message, placeholder text or images must be used. Since the download failed, there should naturally be a way to provide users with the option to re-download the failed thumbnails. However, when re-downloading the failed thumbnails, the overall size of the message will change, leading to changes in the size of the entire message list, which is not an elegant UI design.
Considering the library ecosystem of text editors and the development cost and schedule of a self-developed text editor, rich text is not currently supported.
It is worth mentioning that some chat applications developed by junior engineers may dare to implement various complex UI displays. This is because junior engineers usually only consider the simple functional requirements of their own business area, especially without knowing the existence of the concept of "non-functional requirements." In contrast, senior engineers will comprehensively consider requirements from the perspectives of product demand, front-end UI design, backend architecture design, operational costs, the current system architecture and its evolution direction, and even compliance.
Text Protocol ​
Note: The text editor in turms-chat-demo is a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editor, so regardless of how the application's text protocol is designed, it is imperceptible to users.
The design of turms-chat-demo's text transmission protocol is inspired by Markdown. The general design idea is: if a certain style has already been defined by standard Markdown, then reuse Markdown's text protocol format. If a certain style is not defined by standard Markdown, then add custom text protocol formats based on Markdown's design ideas.
The various files in the message, such as images, audio, video, etc., correspond to the URLs of the resources.
turms-chat-demo itself will display the corresponding UI components based on the suffix of the resource URL. Additionally, turms-chat-demo does not judge whether the resource URL belongs to a specific server, as our intention is to display resources from any source. If the reader wishes to parse resources only from a specific server and display non-matching resources as plain text, the source code needs to be modified to determine the source of the resource based on the URL or the SSL certificate of the resource provider.
Emoji ​
turms-chat-demo uses the system's built-in Emoji font, namely:
  • On Linux platforms, the Noto Color Emoji font is used.
  • On Apple platforms, the Apple Color Emoji font is used.
  • On Windows platforms, the Segoe UI Emoji font is used.
The reason for this approach is that, as of March 2024, there is no high-quality, clearly free-for-commercial-use Emoji font available on the entire Internet (Note: All Turms projects, including turms-chat-demo itself, are open-source and free for commercial use).
Therefore, using the built-in Emoji fonts of each system to display Emojis avoids copyright-related issues. The only drawback is that the display effect of the same Emoji character varies across different platforms.
Sticky ​
Implemented based on the developer HTTP interface of the most popular global emoji library GIPHY.
Thumbnails ​
Since Turms currently does not have a dedicated media server (Media Service), and generating thumbnails on the server also requires a lot of resources and costs, turms-chat-demo adopts a compromise solution. That is, when uploading images or videos in a message, turms-chat-demo first requests upload information from the Turms server. The Turms server will guide turms-chat-demo on how to generate the corresponding thumbnail in the response, and turms-chat-demo will generate the required thumbnail according to the instructions and upload both the generated thumbnail and the original image or video to the corresponding OSS service.
',62),r=[s];function n(l,c,d,h,u,p){return o(),t("div",null,r)}const g=e(a,[["render",n]]);export{f as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git a/docs/assets/client_turms-chat-demo.md.sB-wzgDA.lean.js b/docs/assets/client_turms-chat-demo.md.sB-wzgDA.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c2d5b7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/assets/client_turms-chat-demo.md.sB-wzgDA.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,c as t,o,V as i}from"./chunks/framework.fogKwqBf.js";const f=JSON.parse('{"title":"Turms Chat Demo","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"client/turms-chat-demo.md","filePath":"client/turms-chat-demo.md"}'),a={name:"client/turms-chat-demo.md"},s=i("",62),r=[s];function n(l,c,d,h,u,p){return o(),t("div",null,r)}const g=e(a,[["render",n]]);export{f as __pageData,g as default};
diff --git a/docs/assets/server_deployment_config.md.eT0EySwD.js b/docs/assets/server_deployment_config.md.pliwt2c4.js
similarity index 99%
rename from docs/assets/server_deployment_config.md.eT0EySwD.js
rename to docs/assets/server_deployment_config.md.pliwt2c4.js
index 132a7d1c..0da99c79 100644
--- a/docs/assets/server_deployment_config.md.eT0EySwD.js
+++ b/docs/assets/server_deployment_config.md.pliwt2c4.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import{_ as l,c as n,o as r,V as s,m as t,a as e}from"./chunks/framework.fogKwqB
   --health-retries=3 \\
   --health-start-period=60s \\
   -v <your-jvm-options-file-path>:/opt/turms/turms-gateway/config/jvm.options:ro \\
-  ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-gateway
  • If via Docker Compose, you can use something like:
    • shell
    TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path> docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    powershell
    $env:TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path>;docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    Note: The above \`TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF\` path points to the path inside the mirror, not the path of the host. If you want to use the configuration file in the host machine, you need to modify the \`docker-compose.standalone.yml\` configuration file to use Docker's mounting mechanism, such as:
+  ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-gateway
  • If via Docker Compose, you can use something like:
    • shell
    TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path> docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    powershell
    $env:TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path>;docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    Note: The above \`TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF\` path points to the path inside the mirror, not the path of the host. If you want to use the configuration file in the host machine, you need to modify the \`docker-compose.standalone.yml\` configuration file to use Docker's mounting mechanism, such as:
 
 \`\`\`yaml
 turms-gateway:
diff --git a/docs/assets/server_deployment_config.md.eT0EySwD.lean.js b/docs/assets/server_deployment_config.md.pliwt2c4.lean.js
similarity index 100%
rename from docs/assets/server_deployment_config.md.eT0EySwD.lean.js
rename to docs/assets/server_deployment_config.md.pliwt2c4.lean.js
diff --git a/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_api.md.6oN5XY-M.js b/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_api.md.l0LjBjKe.js
similarity index 99%
rename from docs/assets/zh-CN_client_api.md.6oN5XY-M.js
rename to docs/assets/zh-CN_client_api.md.l0LjBjKe.js
index 0aec58b1..a9eaff5a 100644
--- a/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_api.md.6oN5XY-M.js
+++ b/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_api.md.l0LjBjKe.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,V as n}from"./chunks/framework.fogKwqBf.js";const y=JSON.parse('{"title":"接口","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"zh-CN/client/api.md","filePath":"zh-CN/client/api.md"}'),h={name:"zh-CN/client/api.md"},t=n(`
    接口 ​
    Turms客户端目前支持JavaScript、Kotlin、Swift与Dart这四种语言，对外暴露一致的接口，并且表现为一致的行为。各语言版本之间的部分接口参数可能出现不完全一致的情况，这主要体现在：1. 接口采用更贴近当前语言特性及习惯的参数与语法；2. turms-client-js独有的参数与接口。
    由于Turms各语言客户端行为具有高度的一致性，因此如果您基于上述任意一种语言进行业务开发，您可以在代码逻辑不做改变的情况下，轻松将已写好的业务代码翻译为另外三种语言（具体可参考在本文结尾处的示例）。
    客户端的对外逻辑结构 ​
    • TurmsClient：Turms客户端唯一直接对外暴露的类，一个TurmsClient实例代表着一个客户端与服务端之间的会话连接。以下变量是TurmsClient对外的成员变量。
      • driver：TurmsClient的运行驱动。负责连接的开起关闭、底层数据的发送接收与心跳控制等基础性操作。以下介绍到的Service层类都基于driver运作。
      • userService：用户相关服务。负责如用户登陆、添加好友、添加关系人分组、发送/处理好友请求、查询附近的用户等操作。
      • groupService：群组相关服务。负责如创建群组、变更群主、修改群成员角色、修改群信息等操作。
      • messageService：消息相关服务。负责如发送消息、修改已发送消息、查询各类消息与其状态、撤回消息等操作。
      • notificationService：通知相关服务。负责接受与响应业务层面上的通知（比如：其他用户向该用户发送好友请求、群组成员上下线等通知）。 提醒：消息（message）不算做业务层面上的“通知”（notification），因此notificationService不会处理用户消息，用户消息仅由messageService进行处理。而driver中TurmsNotification的“通知”概念指的是网络层面上的Turms服务端给Turms客户端的通知，因此notificationService也不会处理底层的TurmsNotification数据。
        补充：关于通知功能的开启与关闭，您可以在turms服务端im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.service.business.NotificationProperties处，实时地进行修改。
      • storageService：存储相关服务（可选拓展）。负责用户头像、群组头像与消息附件的上传与下载操作。补充：该服务为Turms的拓展服务，因此若您希望使用该功能，您需要将turms-plugin-minio或您自行实现的存储插件集成到turms服务端当中。
    Service中方法的返回值 ​
    与Turms服务端交互的所有Turms客户端接口都基于异步模型编写。turms-client-js使用Promise模型，turms-client-kotlin使用Coroutines模型，而turms-client-swift使用Promise模型（由PromiseKit提供）。
    各种Service可以对Turms所提供的业务数据进行增删改查操作。您需要了解其返回值种类，以开发您自己的业务代码。
    对于状态码为10xx的响应（拓展知识） ​
    • 对于增加业务数据的方法，如果该方法的返回值被声明为一个异步模型（如：Promise<Response<string>>），则返回的泛型（如前文的string类型）的值必定不为空，否则会抛出一个状态码为INVALID_RESPONSE的错误ResponseError或ResponseException，表明本应该存在的数据丢失。若出现该错误，则意味着Turms服务端或客户端自身存在行为不一致的Bug。
    • 对于删除与更新业务数据的方法，它们均返回被异步模型包裹的Void类型（如：Promise<Response<Void>>）。
    • 对于查找业务数据的方法：
      如果该类方法返回被异步模型包裹的List类型，则当服务端返回空数据时，该查找操作方法会返回一个空List，而非null或undefined。
      如果被包裹的类型不是List类型，则当服务端返回空数据时，该查找操作方法会返回一个undefined（JavaScript）或null（Kotlin）或nil（Swift）。特例：answerGroupQuestions方法可以算做查询方法，但其返回数据永不为空。
    对于状态非10xx的响应（拓展知识） ​
    这类响应均被认作是“错误”状态响应。Service中的方法会通过异步模型抛出ResponseError或ResponseException，并且这些错误或异常实例均会携带具体的响应状态码与错误原因。
    主要接口差异（拓展知识） ​
    通常情况下，您并不需要关心各客户端接口之间的差异，但如果您的团队需要由一名开发者基于多个Turms客户端进行上层的开发工作，或者您需要对照您项目的上层客户端代码实现的异同，您可以了解一下客户端间主要接口的不同。
    在早期Turms客户端实现中，各客户端之间的接口参数与数据模型是尽量保持统一的参数配置与含义，如时间相关的参数。但这种强行统一的写法不符合目标语言习惯。同时考虑到在大部分情况下，各客户端的上层业务代码通常有专人负责，而非全由一名开发者负责，统一含义意义不大，并且这些差异也符合目标语言习惯，故不进行强制统一。
    客户端主要接口的差异如下表：
    JavaScript客户端Kotlin客户端Swift客户端Dart客户端示例
    时间单位一律为毫秒一律为毫秒采用TimeInterval（即秒）一律为毫秒connectTimeout
    响应异常模型ResponseError（继承自Error）ResponseException（继承自RuntimeException）ResponseError（继承自Error）ResponseException（继承自Exception）
    异步模型PromiseCoroutines由PromiseKit提供的PromiseFuture
    补充：对于对外暴露的回调函数实现，Turms的Swift客户端没有采用Swift常见的delegate代理模式，而是和其他语言客户端一样通过函数传递逃逸闭包。
    理解接口（重点） ​
    Turms所有客户端的接口都非常容易理解与使用。开发者甚至不需要看Turms客户端有什么接口，只需要凭借基本的IM业务知识就能反推Turms会有什么接口。
    开发者一般只需要记住：
    • 通过new TurmsClient(...)创建Turms客户端实例
    • 在上文客户端的对外逻辑结构提到的：Turms客户端分为五个服务：userService（用户相关服务）、groupService（群组相关服务）、messageService（消息相关服务）、notificationService（通知相关服务）、storageService（存储相关服务、可选拓展）。
    之后我们就能凭借业务知识反推Turms客户端会有什么接口了，比如：
    • 用户首先要能登陆，于是先想到其对应的服务userService用户相关服务。既然是登陆所以找找有没有login方法，于是自然地就找到了client.userService.login(...)方法。
    • 登陆后，用户需要能够发消息，那就先想到messageService消息相关服务，再看看有没有类似sendMessage的方法，于是找到了client.messageService.sendMessage(...)方法。
    • 既然能发消息，那有什么方法能监听收到的消息呢？既然跟消息有关，那依旧想到的是messageService，于是想到方法可能是onMessage、subscribeMessage或addMessageListener，代码里找一找，找到了client.messageService.addMessageListener(...)。
    • 既然能监听收到的消息，那怎么监听接收到的通知呢？既然跟通知有关，那想到的就是notificationService通知相关类服务，并且既然监听收到的消息的方法叫addMessageListener，那监听通知的方法就应该是addNotificationListener了，于是找到了client.notification.addNotificationListener。
    综上，开发者一般只需凭借基本的业务知识就能反推Turms客户端提供的接口，甚至不需要读Turms客户端的源码。
    而对于高级开发者，Turms客户端也开放了driver对象，让开发者自行实现一些相对底层的操作。另外，如在会话的生命周期提到的，Turms客户端是故意设计的清晰易懂，故意不提供诸如自动重连、自动路由跳转等操作，因为一方面开发者可以很容易地自行实现该类逻辑，另一方面，这类“隐藏”的内部逻辑会使得上层开发者难以把控底层驱动行为，在一些时候反而会成为绊脚石。
    具体示例 ​
    以下示例包括turms-client-js/kotlin/swift/dart四个版本，并且其作用等价。具体包括了以下业务操作：初始化客户端、登录、监听会话连接断开（下线）、监听通知、监听新消息、查询附近的用户、发送消息、创建群组操作。
    体验示例前的服务端准备工作 ​
    • 方案一：无需在本地搭建Turms服务端，用户直接在本地通过客户端API连接Playground上的turms-gateway服务端（WebSocket端口：http://playground.turms.im:10510；TCP端口：http://playground.turms.im:11510）。但注意及时将本地客户端升级到最新版本，以避免出现因为服务端侧的接口更新，导致数据不一致的问题。
    • 方案二：在application.yaml配置文件中更新以下配置： 
      1. 将turms.gateway.session.enable-authentication设置为false（取消用户登录认证）
      2. 将turms.service.message.allow-sending-messages-to-stranger设置为true（允许没有用户关系的用户互相发送消息）
    • 方案三：使用自带dev profile配置。因为Turms提供的devprofile已做了上述配置。默认情况下，Turms发布包中的application.yaml的profile字段为空，即默认的profile不是dev，需要您手动配置为dev。
    代码示例 ​
    javascript
    // Initialize client
+import{_ as s,c as i,o as a,V as n}from"./chunks/framework.fogKwqBf.js";const y=JSON.parse('{"title":"接口","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"zh-CN/client/api.md","filePath":"zh-CN/client/api.md"}'),h={name:"zh-CN/client/api.md"},t=n(`
    接口 ​
    Turms客户端目前支持JavaScript、Kotlin、Swift与Dart这四种语言，对外暴露一致的接口，并且表现为一致的行为。各语言版本之间的部分接口参数可能出现不完全一致的情况，这主要体现在：1. 接口采用更贴近当前语言特性及习惯的参数与语法；2. turms-client-js独有的参数与接口。
    由于Turms各语言客户端行为具有高度的一致性，因此如果您基于上述任意一种语言进行业务开发，您可以在代码逻辑不做改变的情况下，轻松将已写好的业务代码翻译为另外三种语言（具体可参考在本文结尾处的示例）。
    客户端的对外逻辑结构 ​
    • TurmsClient：Turms客户端唯一直接对外暴露的类，一个TurmsClient实例代表着一个客户端与服务端之间的会话连接。以下变量是TurmsClient对外的成员变量。
      • driver：TurmsClient的运行驱动。负责连接的开起关闭、底层数据的发送接收与心跳控制等基础性操作。以下介绍到的Service层类都基于driver运作。
      • userService：用户相关服务。负责如用户登陆、添加好友、添加关系人分组、发送/处理好友请求、查询附近的用户等操作。
      • groupService：群组相关服务。负责如创建群组、变更群主、修改群成员角色、修改群信息等操作。
      • messageService：消息相关服务。负责如发送消息、修改已发送消息、查询各类消息与其状态、撤回消息等操作。
      • notificationService：通知相关服务。负责接受与响应业务层面上的通知（比如：其他用户向该用户发送好友请求、群组成员上下线等通知）。 提醒：消息（message）不算做业务层面上的“通知”（notification），因此notificationService不会处理用户消息，用户消息仅由messageService进行处理。而driver中TurmsNotification的“通知”概念指的是网络层面上的Turms服务端给Turms客户端的通知，因此notificationService也不会处理底层的TurmsNotification数据。
        补充：关于通知功能的开启与关闭，您可以在turms服务端im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.service.business.NotificationProperties处，实时地进行修改。
      • storageService：存储相关服务（可选拓展）。负责用户头像、群组头像与消息附件的上传与下载操作。补充：该服务为Turms的拓展服务，因此若您希望使用该功能，您需要将turms-plugin-minio或您自行实现的存储插件集成到turms服务端当中。
    Service中方法的返回值 ​
    与Turms服务端交互的所有Turms客户端接口都基于异步模型编写。turms-client-js使用Promise模型，turms-client-kotlin使用Coroutines模型，而turms-client-swift使用Promise模型（由PromiseKit提供）。
    各种Service可以对Turms所提供的业务数据进行增删改查操作。您需要了解其返回值种类，以开发您自己的业务代码。
    对于状态码为10xx的响应（拓展知识） ​
    • 对于增加业务数据的方法，如果该方法的返回值被声明为一个异步模型（如：Promise<Response<string>>），则返回的泛型（如前文的string类型）的值必定不为空，否则会抛出一个状态码为INVALID_RESPONSE的错误ResponseError或ResponseException，表明本应该存在的数据丢失。若出现该错误，则意味着Turms服务端或客户端自身存在行为不一致的Bug。
    • 对于删除与更新业务数据的方法，它们均返回被异步模型包裹的Void类型（如：Promise<Response<Void>>）。
    • 对于查找业务数据的方法：
      如果该类方法返回被异步模型包裹的List类型，则当服务端返回空数据时，该查找操作方法会返回一个空List，而非null或undefined。
      如果被包裹的类型不是List类型，则当服务端返回空数据时，该查找操作方法会返回一个undefined（JavaScript）或null（Kotlin）或nil（Swift）。特例：answerGroupQuestions方法可以算做查询方法，但其返回数据永不为空。
    对于状态非10xx的响应（拓展知识） ​
    这类响应均被认作是“错误”状态响应。Service中的方法会通过异步模型抛出ResponseError或ResponseException，并且这些错误或异常实例均会携带具体的响应状态码与错误原因。
    主要接口差异（拓展知识） ​
    通常情况下，您并不需要关心各客户端接口之间的差异，但如果您的团队需要由一名开发者基于多个Turms客户端进行上层的开发工作，或者您需要对照您项目的上层客户端代码实现的异同，您可以了解一下客户端间主要接口的不同。
    在早期Turms客户端实现中，各客户端之间的接口参数与数据模型是尽量保持统一的参数配置与含义，如时间相关的参数。但这种强行统一的写法不符合目标语言习惯。同时考虑到在大部分情况下，各客户端的上层业务代码通常有专人负责，而非全由一名开发者负责，统一含义意义不大，并且这些差异也符合目标语言习惯，故不进行强制统一。
    客户端主要接口的差异如下表：
    JavaScript客户端Kotlin客户端Swift客户端Dart客户端示例
    时间单位一律为毫秒一律为毫秒采用TimeInterval（即秒）一律为毫秒connectTimeout
    响应异常模型ResponseError（继承自Error）ResponseException（继承自RuntimeException）ResponseError（继承自Error）ResponseException（继承自Exception）
    异步模型PromiseCoroutines由PromiseKit提供的PromiseFuture
    补充：对于对外暴露的回调函数实现，Turms的Swift客户端没有采用Swift常见的delegate代理模式，而是和其他语言客户端一样通过函数传递逃逸闭包。
    理解接口（重点） ​
    Turms所有客户端的接口都非常容易理解与使用。开发者甚至不需要看Turms客户端有什么接口，只需要凭借基本的IM业务知识就能反推Turms会有什么接口。
    开发者一般只需要记住：
    • 通过new TurmsClient(...)创建Turms客户端实例
    • 在上文客户端的对外逻辑结构提到的：Turms客户端分为五个服务：userService（用户相关服务）、groupService（群组相关服务）、messageService（消息相关服务）、notificationService（通知相关服务）、storageService（存储相关服务、可选拓展）。
    之后我们就能凭借业务知识反推Turms客户端会有什么接口了，比如：
    • 用户首先要能登陆，于是先想到其对应的服务userService用户相关服务。既然是登陆所以找找有没有login方法，于是自然地就找到了client.userService.login(...)方法。
    • 登陆后，用户需要能够发消息，那就先想到messageService消息相关服务，再看看有没有类似sendMessage的方法，于是找到了client.messageService.sendMessage(...)方法。
    • 既然能发消息，那有什么方法能监听收到的消息呢？既然跟消息有关，那依旧想到的是messageService，于是想到方法可能是onMessage、subscribeMessage或addMessageListener，代码里找一找，找到了client.messageService.addMessageListener(...)。
    • 既然能监听收到的消息，那怎么监听接收到的通知呢？既然跟通知有关，那想到的就是notificationService通知相关类服务，并且既然监听收到的消息的方法叫addMessageListener，那监听通知的方法就应该是addNotificationListener了，于是找到了client.notification.addNotificationListener。
    综上，开发者一般只需凭借基本的业务知识就能反推Turms客户端提供的接口，甚至不需要读Turms客户端的源码。
    而对于高级开发者，Turms客户端也开放了driver对象，让开发者自行实现一些相对底层的操作。另外，如在会话的生命周期提到的，Turms客户端是故意设计的清晰易懂，故意不提供诸如自动重连、自动路由跳转等操作，因为一方面开发者可以很容易地自行实现该类逻辑，另一方面，这类“隐藏”的内部逻辑会使得上层开发者难以把控底层驱动行为，在一些时候反而会成为绊脚石。
    具体示例 ​
    以下示例包括turms-client-js/kotlin/swift/dart四个版本，并且其作用等价。具体包括了以下业务操作：初始化客户端、登录、监听会话连接断开（下线）、监听通知、监听新消息、查询附近的用户、发送消息、创建群组操作。
    体验示例前的服务端准备工作 ​
    • 方案一：无需在本地搭建Turms服务端，用户直接在本地通过客户端API连接Playground上的turms-gateway服务端（WebSocket端口：http://playground.turms.im:10510；TCP端口：http://playground.turms.im:11510）。但注意及时将本地客户端升级到最新版本，以避免出现因为服务端侧的接口更新，导致数据不一致的问题。
    • 方案二：在application.yaml配置文件中更新以下配置： 
      1. 将turms.gateway.session.enable-authentication设置为false（取消用户登录认证）
      2. 将turms.service.message.allow-sending-messages-to-stranger设置为true（允许没有用户关系的用户互相发送消息）
    • 方案三：使用自带dev profile配置。因为Turms提供的devprofile已做了上述配置。默认情况下，Turms发布包中的application.yaml的profile字段为空，即默认的profile不是dev，需要您手动配置为dev。
    代码示例 ​
    javascript
    // Initialize client
 const client = new TurmsClient(); // new TurmsClient('ws://any-turms-gateway-server.com');
 
 // Listen to the offline event
diff --git a/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_api.md.6oN5XY-M.lean.js b/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_api.md.l0LjBjKe.lean.js
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rename from docs/assets/zh-CN_client_api.md.6oN5XY-M.lean.js
rename to docs/assets/zh-CN_client_api.md.l0LjBjKe.lean.js
diff --git a/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_turms-chat-demo.md.UMRaHBAn.js b/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_turms-chat-demo.md.UMRaHBAn.js
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_turms-chat-demo.md.UMRaHBAn.js
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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-import{_ as e,c as l,o,V as i}from"./chunks/framework.fogKwqBf.js";const I=JSON.parse('{"title":"Turms Chat Demo","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.md","filePath":"zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.md"}'),t={name:"zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.md"},r=i('
    Turms Chat Demo ​
    背景 ​
    最初，我们是计划先通过让turms-gateway支持XMPP协议来让用户能够自行复用世界上已有的XMPP客户端。但是不管是收费，还是免费的XMPP客户端质量基本都不高，主要体现在：
    1. 大多XMPP客户端项目代码质量差，尤其是很多早期客户端工程师的代码功底很差，甚至会把复杂的UI逻辑与业务逻辑杂糅在一起写（比如著名开源项目JMeter），二次开发不如自己重写。
    2. 不管是商业还是开源的UI设计水平基本都停留在业余爱好者水平。如果一个客户端项目没有专业的UI，我们会对其团队的前端工程师与UI设计师的能力表示怀疑（团队中只要有一位靠谱的、中级水平的前端工程师，就应该有独立设计单一产品UI的能力），也不会推荐用户去用他们的方案。
    3. 几乎没有一个开源的XMPP客户端支持完整的跨平台方案。
    4. 很多质量不高的XMPP客户端甚至需要收费。
    考虑到提供一套跨桌面端与移动端IM应用的开发难度不高，主要是体力活，并且IM应用的UI与功能通用性强（在市面上找10款IM商业应用调研，会发现至少有9款IM的UI与功能是基本类似的），因此决定先提供IM客户端Demoturms-chat-demo-flutter，让Turms的用户能够自己使用或二次开发，之后再支持XMPP协议。
    RoadMap ​
    • 2023年11月~12月：完成桌面端UI设计；搭建Flutter项目框架；完成桌面端基础组件开发与测试；完整Windows桌面端UI开发与测试。
    • 2023年12月~2024年1月：完成MacOS桌面端的UI适配工作；完成移动端基础组件开发与测试；完成Android手机端的UI开发与测试。
    • 2024年1月~2024年2月：完成iOS手机端的UI适配工作。
    • 2024年2月~3月：完成Web端的UI开发。
    • 2024年3月~4月：集成turms-client-dart与实现IM业务逻辑（上述任务只有UI开发与测试，不包括业务逻辑）。
    另外：
    • 考虑到Turms的其他任务、节假日与工作情况，上述时间可能会略有变动。
    • 无计划支持小程序。
    简介 ​
    我们想着重提醒项目名中的一词——demo。该词主要有以下几种含义：
    1. 不管是从产品角度，还是技术角度，该客户端demo也只不过是其中可能的的方案之一，用户不应该因为该demo而限制设计自身IM产品的能力，尤其不要认为Turms的服务端是为该demo定制的，正如Turms文档中反复提及Turms是一个通用IM解决方案，致力于解决各种IM场景。
    2. 为用户的二次开发做准备。这主要分为三个方面： 
      1. UI与业务逻辑分离。方便需要二次开发的团队复用UI来实现自己的业务逻辑，读者甚至可以只用turms-chat-demo-flutter项目，不使用Turms服务端，而是使用自研的IM服务端。
      2. 依旧采用宽松的Apache 2.0，而不是客户端开源项目常见的、更加严格的GPL协议。
      3. 由于全球范围的IM应用的UI设计都非常类似，因此该demo也会实现大部分IM的通用UI与逻辑，一般不提供更为定制化的逻辑，以方面其他团队二次开发。
    注意：demo没有质量低的含义，这点读者之后看代码质量与UI设计就可明白。
    关于二次开发 ​
    由于Flutter应用的设计模式众多，很多应用缺乏统一的设计，导致一个应用中存在众多互斥的设计，架构看起来非常混乱。
    为了统一本应用的架构与代码设计，方便读者阅读代码，也方便工程师添加代码，本章节对项目的状态管理与架构进行讲解。
    状态管理 ​
    Flutter状态管理方案众多，至少有几十种方案。对于应用级的状态管理：turms-chat-demo-flutter采用主流的、Flutter官方推荐的、更符合Flutter自身设计的、更新勤快的方案，即Riverpod。
    尽管Flutter还有其他状态管理方案，但要么是引入不必要的复杂（如：Bloc），要么是侵入性过强（如：GetX），要么是跟Flutter原生风格差异过大，要么是长期不更新，要么是偏实验性的，因此均不采用。
    另外，本应用除了用Riverpod实现状态管理，还顺便用它来实现依赖注入（Dependency Injection）。
    架构 ​
    不仅是Flutter的应用架构设计模式本身就很多，而且同一个架构设计也有多种实践方式。本项目基于Flutter应用的设计传统，选择最适合自身情况的架构设计模式：
    对于应用级的架构设计：基于Riverpod，采用MVC+S与MVVM混合架构设计。
    • Model => Repository。负责增删改查外部数据源接口交互的仓储层。
    • View => Widget：负责UI展示。
    • Controller + View Model => Controller：负责接收用户输入，并基于Service执行业务处理逻辑；管理业务组件的业务状态（State），供UI层进行展示。
    • Service：负责执行业务处理逻辑，上接Controller，下接Repository。不叫常见的domain是因为domain是一个指代含糊的词，不仅能指代service，也能指代repository，甚至还能同时指代controller、service与repository等，即指代“业务域”。
    提醒：
    • 本章节所述的Controller是应用架构分层中的Controller，而不是Flutter组件的Controller，如AnimationController。
    • 有些Flutter项目的Controller不仅仅是Controller，还是（is）View Model。在本应用中，Controller只是Controller，但同时又包含（has）View Model，即状态（State）。
    • 复杂的项目可能会采用5层架构，即：View、Controller、Service、Repository、Data Source。但本应用逻辑相对简单，因此只3层与4层架构，即View、Controller、Service（可选）、Repository。
    • 如果读者有阅读过有10年以上历史的桌面端开源项目，就经常能发现这类项目的Model类可能会包含比较复杂的业务逻辑。
      这是因为在早期桌面端开发与面向对象设计中，Model是一个更综合的概念，常常同时指代现今更为常见的Model/Entity（数据模型。不包含数据处理逻辑，或者只包含基本的数据处理逻辑）与Repository（获取、处理、响应数据的仓储层）这两个概念。但由于这样的设计明显不符合于关注点分离（Separation of Concerns）的设计理念，因此靠谱的现代项目已经不会采用这样的设计了。
    目录结构 ​
    基于上述的架构设计，该项目的目录结构大体如下：
    • ui
      • components：共享UI组件（Widgets），如按钮、标签页等。
      • screens：应用页面。每个页面除了包括Widgets，还包括各自的Controllers。
      • themes：主题。
    • domain
      • user
        • services
        • repositories
      • message
        • services
        • repositories
      • ...
    • infra：
      • preferences：管理应用本地配置。
      • routes：路由。
      • window：管理桌面端窗口。
      • ...
    ',29),a=[r];function d(c,s,n,p,u,m){return o(),l("div",null,a)}const M=e(t,[["render",d]]);export{I as __pageData,M as default};
diff --git a/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_turms-chat-demo.md.UMRaHBAn.lean.js b/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_turms-chat-demo.md.UMRaHBAn.lean.js
deleted file mode 100644
index bb5f9698..00000000
--- a/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_turms-chat-demo.md.UMRaHBAn.lean.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-import{_ as e,c as l,o,V as i}from"./chunks/framework.fogKwqBf.js";const I=JSON.parse('{"title":"Turms Chat Demo","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.md","filePath":"zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.md"}'),t={name:"zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.md"},r=i("",29),a=[r];function d(c,s,n,p,u,m){return o(),l("div",null,a)}const M=e(t,[["render",d]]);export{I as __pageData,M as default};
diff --git a/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_turms-chat-demo.md.VZbBh-Ze.js b/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_turms-chat-demo.md.VZbBh-Ze.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ac89c489
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_turms-chat-demo.md.VZbBh-Ze.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,c as o,o as i,V as l}from"./chunks/framework.fogKwqBf.js";const I=JSON.parse('{"title":"Turms Chat Demo","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.md","filePath":"zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.md"}'),t={name:"zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.md"},a=l('
    Turms Chat Demo ​
    背景 ​
    最初，我们是计划先通过让turms-gateway支持XMPP协议来让用户能够自行复用世界上已有的XMPP客户端。但是不管是收费，还是免费的XMPP客户端质量基本都不高，主要体现在：
    1. 大多XMPP客户端项目代码质量差，尤其是很多早期客户端工程师的代码功底很差，甚至会把复杂的UI逻辑与业务逻辑杂糅在一起写（比如著名开源项目JMeter），二次开发不如自己重写。
    2. 不管是商业还是开源的UI设计水平基本都停留在业余爱好者水平。如果一个客户端项目没有专业的UI，我们会对其团队的前端工程师与UI设计师的能力表示怀疑（团队中只要有一位靠谱的、中级水平的前端工程师，就应该有独立设计单一产品UI的能力），也不会推荐用户去用他们的方案。
    3. 几乎没有一个开源的XMPP客户端支持完整的跨平台方案。
    4. 很多质量不高的XMPP客户端甚至需要收费。
    考虑到提供一套跨桌面端与移动端IM应用的开发难度不高，主要是体力活，并且IM应用的UI与功能通用性强（在市面上找10款IM商业应用调研，会发现至少有9款IM的UI与功能是基本类似的），因此决定先提供IM客户端Demoturms-chat-demo-flutter，让Turms的用户能够自己使用或二次开发，之后再支持XMPP协议。
    RoadMap ​
    • 2023年11月~12月：完成桌面端UI设计；搭建Flutter项目框架；完成桌面端基础组件开发与测试；完整Windows桌面端UI开发与测试。
    • 2023年12月~2024年1月：完成MacOS桌面端的UI适配工作；完成移动端基础组件开发与测试；完成Android手机端的UI开发与测试。
    • 2024年1月~2024年2月：完成iOS手机端的UI适配工作。
    • 2024年2月~3月：完成Web端的UI开发。
    • 2024年3月~4月：集成turms-client-dart与实现IM业务逻辑（上述任务只有UI开发与测试，不包括业务逻辑）。
    另外：
    • 考虑到Turms的其他任务、节假日与工作情况，上述时间可能会略有变动。
    • 无计划支持小程序。
    简介 ​
    我们想着重提醒项目名中的一词——demo。该词主要有以下几种含义：
    1. 不管是从产品角度，还是技术角度，该客户端demo也只不过是其中可能的的方案之一，用户不应该因为该demo而限制设计自身IM产品的能力，尤其不要认为Turms的服务端是为该demo定制的，正如Turms文档中反复提及Turms是一个通用IM解决方案，致力于解决各种IM场景。
    2. 为用户的二次开发做准备。这主要分为三个方面： 
      1. UI与业务逻辑分离。方便需要二次开发的团队复用UI来实现自己的业务逻辑，读者甚至可以只用turms-chat-demo-flutter项目，不使用Turms服务端，而是使用自研的IM服务端。
      2. 依旧采用宽松的Apache 2.0，而不是客户端开源项目常见的、更加严格的GPL协议。
      3. 由于全球范围的IM应用的UI设计都非常类似，因此该demo也会实现大部分IM的通用UI与逻辑，一般不提供更为定制化的逻辑，以方面其他团队二次开发。
    注意：demo没有质量低的含义，这点读者之后看代码质量与UI设计就可明白。
    关于二次开发 ​
    由于Flutter应用的设计模式众多，很多应用缺乏统一的设计，导致一个应用中存在众多互斥的设计，架构看起来非常混乱。
    为了统一本应用的架构与代码设计，方便读者阅读代码，也方便工程师添加代码，本章节对项目的状态管理与架构进行讲解。
    状态管理 ​
    Flutter状态管理方案众多，至少有几十种方案。对于应用级的状态管理：turms-chat-demo-flutter采用主流的、Flutter官方推荐的、更符合Flutter自身设计的、更新勤快的库，即Riverpod。
    尽管Flutter还有其他状态管理方案，但要么是引入不必要的复杂（如：Bloc），要么是侵入性过强（如：GetX），要么是跟Flutter原生风格差异过大，要么是长期不更新，要么是偏实验性的，因此均不采用。
    另外，本应用除了用Riverpod实现状态管理，还顺便用它来实现依赖注入（Dependency Injection）。
    架构 ​
    不仅是Flutter的应用架构设计模式本身就很多，而且同一个架构设计也有多种实践方式。本项目基于Flutter应用的设计传统，选择最适合自身情况的架构设计模式：
    对于应用级的架构设计：基于Riverpod，采用MVC+S与MVVM混合架构设计。
    • Model => Repository。负责增删改查外部数据源接口交互的仓储层。
    • View => Widget：负责UI展示。
    • Controller + View Model：
      • Controller：负责接收用户输入，并基于Service执行业务处理逻辑；管理业务组件的业务状态（State），供UI层进行展示。
      • View Model：负责存储各种状态，并在状态变化时通知监听器（观察者模式）。
    • Service：负责执行业务处理逻辑，上接Controller，下接Repository。不叫常见的domain是因为domain是一个指代含糊的词，不仅能指代service，也能指代repository，甚至还能同时指代controller、service与repository等，即指代“业务域”。
    提醒：
    • 本章节所述的Controller是应用架构分层中的Controller，而不是Flutter组件的Controller，如AnimationController。
    • 复杂的项目可能会采用5层架构，即：View、Controller、Service、Repository、Data Source。但本应用逻辑相对简单，因此只3层与4层架构，即View、Controller、Service（可选）、Repository。
    • 如果读者有阅读过有10年以上历史的桌面端开源项目，就经常能发现这类项目的Model类可能会包含比较复杂的业务逻辑。
      这是因为在早期桌面端开发与面向对象设计中，Model是一个更综合的概念，常常同时指代现今更为常见的Model/Entity（数据模型。不包含数据处理逻辑，或者只包含基本的数据处理逻辑）与Repository（获取、处理、响应数据的仓储层）这两个概念。
      但一方面，这样的设计明显不符合于关注点分离（Separation of Concerns）的设计理念。
      另一方面，我们常说类的设计要高内聚，低耦合。而如果以类为点，以类的分层为面（一种体现方式就是目录结构），将数据模型与仓储层逻辑混合在一起，也会让代码分层低内聚，高耦合，是一种由无知导致的反范式设计，而不是一种有意识地反范式设计。
      因此靠谱的现代项目已经不会采用这样的设计了。
    • 有些Flutter项目的Controller不仅仅是Controller，还是（is）View Model。但其缺点如上所述。
      因此在本应用中，Controller只是Controller，并且可以包含（has）零至多个View Models，即状态（States）。
    • 很多优秀的设计理念都是互通的，只是具体的叫法可能不同。在Web应用领域中，我们在设计UI组件时，通常会区分设计Smart Components（包含逻辑，尤其是业务逻辑）与Dumb Components（不包含逻辑，或只包含非常简单的逻辑）。上述turms-chat-demo所说的View就是Dumb Component，而View与Controller共同构成了Smart Components。
    目录结构 ​
    基于上述的架构设计，该项目的目录结构大体如下：
    • ui
      • components：共享UI组件（Widgets），如按钮、标签页等。
      • screens：应用页面。每个页面除了包括Widgets，还包括各自的Controllers。
      • themes：主题。
    • domain
      • user
        • services
        • repositories
      • message
        • services
        • repositories
      • ...
    • infra：
      • preferences：管理应用本地配置。
      • routes：路由。
      • window：管理桌面端窗口。
      • ...
    UI组件与域（Domain）是多对多关系，这也是为什么turms-chat-demo不像很多应用把UI组件与业务域放置在同级目录的原因。
    IPC ​
    turms-chat-demo的IPC采用WebSocket协议与JSON-RPC 2.0传输格式实现，用于实现单例应用、自动更新、与第三方应用通信等功能。
    不用Unix Domain Socket的原因是：
    • Windows平台自身有关Unix Socket的Bugs非常多。
      如：
    • 减少不必要的开发与维护成本。由于MacOS与Windows都不支持Abstract Namespace功能，因此需要借助文件系统来实现：
      • Unix Socket Domain要求文件的路径长度字符不得超过108个字符（null-terminated string）。而我们为了保证程序的健壮性，自然需要做各种兜底处理，导致代码繁琐。
      • 如果出现turms-chat-demo没有被正常关闭的情况（如用户电脑死机），文件系统中的Unix Domain Socket并不会被自动删除，因此需要检测Unix Domain Socket对应的文件是否还有效，对于不同平台需要采用不同的实现。如对于Linux与MacOS平台，则在服务端Socket bind之前，先unlink这个文件。而对于Windows平台，则先创建一个临时文件，并在程序运行中，对其加锁，而如果Unix Domain Socket文件存在，且这个临时文件也有锁，则说明是有效Socket，否则无效。当然，这里说的只是大致实现思路，由于平台的实现细节不同，且Windows平台不同版本有的Bugs也不同，实际还需要进行大量测试与适配。
      • 至今（2024年3月），Dart SDK自身并不支持Windows平台的Unix Domain Socket，需要自行基于win32库实现Unix Socket Domain。
    • 拓展性差。具体原因见下文。
    采用WebSocket + JSON-RPC 2.0的原因是：
    • Dart官方提供了现成json_rpc_2 库，支持WebSocket + JSON-RPC 2.0，因此采用该方案对我们来说几乎没有维护成本。
    • turms-chat-demo自身虽然需要使用到IPC操作，但使用频率极低，因此无需像Turms服务端代码那样追求极致的性能。
    • 方便第三方应用基于WebSocket + JSON-RPC 2.0调用turms-chat-demo。
    • 互联网上有大量支持WebSocket协议与JSON格式的客户端工具，基于这些工具可以很方便地调试turms-chat-demo的IPC功能。
    文本编辑 ​
    文本编辑器的库生态 ​
    • appflowy_editor。appflowy_editor无疑是Flutter社区中，功能最全，质量最高的文本编辑器。但可惜它采用双开源协议，而其中一个就是AGPL。因此不考虑。
    • flutter_quill：如果撇开该依赖库Bugs极多的问题，该库基本满足turms-chat-demo主要的功能需求，但维护者的编程功底太差，代码是典型的面条式代码（Spaghetti code），总体水平尚未入门，因此没有对其进行功能拓展的意愿，不考虑采用该项目。
    • super_editor：该项目代码质量高，但很多文本编辑的基础功能都不支持（2024年3月），如：redo/undo、inline image。用它不如直接用Flutter自带的TextField。
    综上，考虑到没有可靠的开源文本编辑器可用，因此采用Flutter自带的TextField。
    聊天文本协议 ​
    关于是否要支持单条消息能够展示多个视频与图片 ​
    支持单条消息展示多个视频与图片，对UI设计与软件性能都不太友好。
    一方面，在UI上展示一条消息时，消息的尺寸必须是不变，否则如果随着消息加载状态的变化，如加载中，加载失败，消息的尺寸会发生变化，那对用户体验来说是非常糟糕的。因此为了保证消息的尺寸不会随着消息状态的改变而改变，需要在展示消息UI时，就已经确认消息的整体尺寸。
    而为了确认富文本消息的尺寸，要么在消息发送的过程中，由消息的发送方或服务端确认消息中所有图片与视频的缩略图的尺寸，并将这个尺寸记录下来，之后作为消息的一部分传给消息接收方，但这个方案的缺点就是实现不灵活，只要缩略图尺寸改变，那么之前的尺寸记录就都失效了。
    要么是要求只有当消息的接收方把一个消息中的所有图片与视频的缩略图都下载完成之后，再根据缩略图去确定消息的尺寸，最后做UI展示。但这个方案有两个比较大的缺点，一是消息接收方必须等到所有缩略图都下载完成了，客户端才能展示这条消息，因此消息的延迟会增加。二是，如果单条消息中的部分缩略图下载失败，则客户端无法获取到消息的完整尺寸，此时为了依旧展示消息，需要使用占位文本或占位图。而既然下载失败，那自然是要给用户提供重新下载缩略图的渠道，但重新下载之前下载失败的缩略图时，这条消息的整体尺寸会发现变化，进而导致整个消息列表的尺寸发生变化，这都不是优雅的UI设计。
    同时考虑到文本编辑器的库生态，以及自研文本编辑器的开发成本与工期考虑，因此暂不支持富文本。
    特别一提的是，可能读者见过一些初级工程师开发的聊天应用反而敢做各种复杂的UI展示。这是因为：初级工程师通常只会考虑自己这块业务的简单功能需求，尤其不知道有“非功能需求”这一概念的存在。而高级工程师会从产品需求、前端UI设计、后端架构设计、运维成本、当下系统架构与架构演变方向，甚至合规的角度去综合考虑需求。
    文本协议 ​
    提醒：turms-chat-demo的文本编辑框是WYSIWYG编辑器，因此不管应用的文本协议如何设计，对于用户来说都是无感知的。
    turms-chat-demo的传输文本协议设计参考了Markdown，其大体设计思路是：如果某个样式已经被标准Markdown定义过了，则复用Markdown的文本协议格式。如果某个样式没有被标准Markdown定义，则参考Markdown的设计思路，添加自定义的文本协议格式。
    而消息中的各种文件，如图像、音频、视频等，即对应着资源对应的URL。
    turms-chat-demo自身会根据资源URL的后缀，将其展示为对应UI组件。另外，turms-chat-demo不会判断资源的URL是否属于指定的服务端，因为我们的本意就是希望展示任意来源的资源。如果读者就是希望只解析来自某服务端的资源，将不是来自该服务端的资源展示为纯文本，则需要修改源码，根据资源的URL或者资源提供方的SSL证书来判断资源的来源。
    Emoji ​
    turms-chat-demo使用系统自带的Emoji字体，即：
    • 在Linux平台，采用Noto Color Emoji'字体。
    • 在苹果平台，采用Apple Color Emoji字体。
    • 在Windows平台，采用Segoe UI Emoji字体。
    采用这个方案的原因是：至今为止（2024年3月），整个互联网上没有一个高质量的、明确可免费商用的Emoji字体（提醒：Turms的所有项目，包括turms-chat-demo自身都是开源的，且商用免费的）。
    因此采用各个系统自带的Emoji字体来展示Emoji，以避免版权相关问题。其唯一的缺点就是：同一个的Emoji字符在不同平台的展示效果不太一样。
    Sticky ​
    基于目前全球范围内最流行的表情库GIPHY的开发者HTTP接口实现。
    缩略图 ​
    由于Turms目前没有专门的媒体服务端（Media Service），并且让服务端生成缩略图也需要大量的资源与成本。因此turms-chat-demo采用的是一个折中的方案，即：turms-chat-demo在上传消息的图片或视频时，会先向Turms服务端请求上传信息，Turms服务端会在响应中指导turms-chat-demo需要如何生成对应的缩略图，turms-chat-demo则根据指示去生成对应要求的缩略图，并将生成的缩略图与原始图片或视频都上传到对应的OSS服务。
    ',62),r=[a];function d(c,p,s,n,u,m){return i(),o("div",null,r)}const b=e(t,[["render",d]]);export{I as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git a/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_turms-chat-demo.md.VZbBh-Ze.lean.js b/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_turms-chat-demo.md.VZbBh-Ze.lean.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8fbee955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/assets/zh-CN_client_turms-chat-demo.md.VZbBh-Ze.lean.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import{_ as e,c as o,o as i,V as l}from"./chunks/framework.fogKwqBf.js";const I=JSON.parse('{"title":"Turms Chat Demo","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.md","filePath":"zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.md"}'),t={name:"zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.md"},a=l("",62),r=[a];function d(c,p,s,n,u,m){return i(),o("div",null,r)}const b=e(t,[["render",d]]);export{I as __pageData,b as default};
diff --git a/docs/assets/zh-CN_server_deployment_config.md.-cqA6865.js b/docs/assets/zh-CN_server_deployment_config.md.8rzcbR2n.js
similarity index 99%
rename from docs/assets/zh-CN_server_deployment_config.md.-cqA6865.js
rename to docs/assets/zh-CN_server_deployment_config.md.8rzcbR2n.js
index 8c993560..fdd00f77 100644
--- a/docs/assets/zh-CN_server_deployment_config.md.-cqA6865.js
+++ b/docs/assets/zh-CN_server_deployment_config.md.8rzcbR2n.js
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ import{_ as l,c as n,o as s,V as d,m as t,a as e}from"./chunks/framework.fogKwqB
   --health-retries=3 \\
   --health-start-period=60s \\
   -v <your-jvm-options-file-path>:/opt/turms/turms-gateway/config/jvm.options:ro \\
-  ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-gateway
  • 如果通过Docker Compose，则可以使用类似：
    shell
    TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path> docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    powershell
    $env:TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path>;docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    注意：上述的TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF路径指向的是镜像内部的路径，而非宿主机的路径。如果想使用宿主机里的配置文件，则需要修改docker-compose.standalone.yml配置文件，以使用Docker的挂载机制，如：
    yaml
    turms-gateway:
+  ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-gateway
  • 如果通过Docker Compose，则可以使用类似：
    shell
    TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path> docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    powershell
    $env:TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path>;docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    注意：上述的TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF路径指向的是镜像内部的路径，而非宿主机的路径。如果想使用宿主机里的配置文件，则需要修改docker-compose.standalone.yml配置文件，以使用Docker的挂载机制，如：
    yaml
    turms-gateway:
   volumes:
     - <your-jvm-options-file-path>:/opt/turms/turms-gateway/config/jvm.options:ro
  • 修改环境变量TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_OPTS（对于turms-gateway）或TURMS_SERVICE_JVM_OPTS（对于turms-service），以在JVM配置文件的基础上，附加自定义的JVM配置，并覆盖已声明的JVM配置。具体修改方法同上，故不赘述。
    注意：该变量的格式为：-D<name>=<value> -D<name>=<value>，如：-Dspring.profiles.active=DEV -Dturms.cluster.discovery.address.advertise-host=myturms。
    • Turms服务端配置 ​
    Turms配置分为四大类：
    • Turms Gateway配置：对应turms-gateway服务端独有的配置
    • Turms Service配置：对应turms-service服务端独有的配置。
    • Common通用配置：Common通用配置可以被turms-gateway和turms-service服务端共用。
    • 插件自身的配置：Turms服务端插件自身提供的配置。
    配置方法 ​
    1. 前文提到的TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF或TURMS_SERVICE_JVM_CONF，与TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_OPTS或TURMS_SERVICE_JVM_OPTS也都可以被用来配置Turms服务端的参数。
    2. 修改application.yaml下的配置文件。具体方法： 
      1. 直接修改仓库内服务端下的application.yaml文件。因为如果修改了配置源文件，那用户就不能使用Turms官方提供的Docker镜像了，并且还需要自行打包成JAR包并制作镜像，因此这种方式一般只用于本地开发测试用，不用于线上环境。
      2. 使用前文提到的Docker挂载的方式，将自定义的服务端配置文件挂载到/opt/turms/turms-gateway/config/application.yaml路径上。
    3. 调用Admin HTTP API进行修改，其路径为：PUT /cluster/settings。
    提醒：对于插件自身的配置，其配置方法跟Turms服务端的配置方法一样，除了暂时不支持使用Admin HTTP API动态修改外，同样可以基于上述的①②两个方法进行配置。举例来说，如果一个插件是给turms-gateway服务端使用的插件，那么用户可以将插件自身的配置放到turms-gateway服务端的TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_OPTS环境变量当中。
    配置集（Profiles） ​
    如果开发者需要对同一个Turms服务端配置与切换使用不同的配置，则可以使用配置集。
    默认情况下，Turms服务端源码中硬编码的配置与application.yaml文件中指定的配置就是默认生产环境的配置。如果开发者想要切换使用其他配置集，则可以通过修改application.yaml文件中的spring.profiles.active配置来使用其他配置集。
    比如常见的用例：在本地开发调试时，想将生产环境配置，切换成默认的开发环境配置，则开发者可以将application.yaml文件中的spring.profiles.active值修改为dev，这样Turms服务端就会采用application.yaml与application-dev.yaml（默认开发环境配置）两个文件中指定的配置，且application-dev.yaml文件中的配置优先级更高，将覆盖默认配置。
    配置参数介绍 ​
    由于Turms服务端的配置项高达上百个，本小节仅对配置类别做简要的介绍。如果读者想查阅具体的配置项，可以查阅im.turms.server.common.infra.property包下的各配置类代码，或者继续浏览下文配置项小节所提供的配置项说明。
    提醒：您在本地编译turms/turms-gateway服务端项目后，编译器会生成target/classes/META-INF/spring-configuration-metadata.json文件。IntelliJ IDEA 能够自动检测到该文件，并在您输入Turms相关配置的时提供配置提示与补全功能，如下图所示：
    Tumrs Service配置 ​
    类别类字段名描述补充
    管理员APIAdminApiPropertiesadminApi管理员API接口相关配置
    客户端APIClientApiPropertiesclientApi客户端API接口相关配置
    Fake数据FakePropertiesfakeFake数据相关配置
    数据源MongoPropertiesmongoMongoDB数据库相关配置Turms完全复用MongoDB的URI配置。参考文档：
    https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/connection-string/
    TurmsRedisPropertiesredisRedis数据库相关配置
    统计StatisticsPropertiesstatistics统计相关配置
    通知NotificationPropertiesnotification通知相关配置
    文件存储StoragePropertiesstorage存储相关配置
    业务行为UserPropertiesuser用户相关配置
    GroupPropertiesgroup群组相关配置
    ConversationPropertiesconversation消息会话服务相关配置
    MessagePropertiesmessage消息服务相关配置
    Turms Gateway配置 ​
    类别类字段名描述
    管理员APIAdminApiPropertiesadminApi管理员API接口相关配置
    客户端APIClientApiPropertiesclientApi面向客户端的HTTP接入层相关配置（即ReasonController的相关配置）
    NotificationLoggingPropertiesnotificationLogging通知日志相关配置
    服务接口UdpPropertiesudpUDP服务端相关配置
    TcpPropertiestcpTCP服务端相关配置
    WebSocketPropertieswebsocketWebSocket服务端相关配置
    DiscoveryPropertiesserviceDiscovery服务发现相关配置
    Fake数据FakePropertiesfakeFake数据相关配置
    数据源MongoPropertiesmongoMongoDB数据库相关配置
    TurmsRedisPropertiesredisRedis数据库相关配置
    业务行为SimultaneousLoginPropertiessimultaneousLogin多端登录相关配置
    SessionPropertiessession会话相关配置
    Common通用配置 ​
    类字段名描述
    ClusterPropertiescluster集群相关配置。包括配置当前运行节点信息、服务发现注册信息、配置中心信息、RPC参数
    HealthCheckPropertieshealthCheck监控节点健康状态
    IpPropertiesip公网IP探测相关配置
    LocationPropertieslocation用户坐标相关配置
    LoggingPropertieslogging基础日志配置
    PluginPropertiesplugin插件相关配置
    SecurityPropertiessecurity用户与管理员密码加密相关配置
    UserStatusPropertiesuserStatus用户会话（连接）状态相关配置
    插件自身的配置 ​
    如果用户想查阅Turms服务端官方插件的配置项，可以阅读对应的插件文档，这些文档都会罗列该插件所提供的配置项。
    服务端端口号配置 ​
    服务端配置项端口作用
    turms-admin6510（HTTP）提供后台管理员系统的Web页面
    turms-service/turms-gatewayturms.cluster.connection.server.port7510（TCP）供turms-service与turms-gateway服务端的RPC使用
    turms-serviceturms.service.admin-api.http.port8510（HTTP）提供admin API与metrics API
    turms-gatewayturms.gateway.admin-api.http.port9510（HTTP）提供metrics API
    turms-gatewayturms.gateway.websocket.port10510（WebSocket）与turms-client-js客户端交互
    turms-gatewayturms.gateway.tcp.port11510（TCP）与客户端交互
    turms-gatewayturms.gateway.udp.port12510（UDP）与客户端交互（客户端均暂不支持）。
    注意：UDP服务端为实验性功能，并不在第一版发布计划中
    配置项 ​
    注意：下表不包括Turms服务端插件的配置。
    `,41),u=t("table",null,[t("thead",null,[t("tr",null,[t("th",null,"配置项"),t("th",null,"全局属性"),t("th",null,"可变属性"),t("th",null,"数据类型"),t("th",null,"默认值"),t("th",null,"说明")])]),t("tbody",null,[t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.address.advertise-host"),t("td"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td",null,"The advertise address of the local node exposed to admins. (e.g. 100.131.251.96)")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.address.advertise-strategy"),t("td"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"enum"),t("td",null,"PRIVATE_ADDRESS"),t("td",null,"The advertise strategy is used to decide which type of address should be used so that admins can access admin APIs and metrics APIs")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.address.attach-port-to-host"),t("td"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to attach the local port to the host. e.g. The local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 9510 so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:9510")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.enabled"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to enable the APIs for administrators")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.http.host"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"0.0.0.0"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.http.max-request-body-size-bytes"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"10485760"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.http.port"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"5510"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.log.enabled"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to log API calls")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.log.log-request-params"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to log the parameters of requests")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.rate-limiting.capacity"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"50"),t("td",null,"The maximum number of tokens that the bucket can hold")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.rate-limiting.initial-tokens"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"50"),t("td",null,"The initial number of tokens for new session")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.rate-limiting.refill-interval-millis"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"1000"),t("td",null,"The time interval to refill. 0 means never refill")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.rate-limiting.tokens-per-period"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"50"),t("td",null,"Refills the bucket with the specified number of tokens per period if the bucket is not full")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.admin-api.use-authentication"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to use authentication. If false, all HTTP requesters will personate the root user and all HTTP requests will be passed. You may set it to false when you want to manage authentication via security groups, NACL, etc")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.ocr.orientation-possibility-threshold"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"float"),t("td",null,"0.8"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.ai-serving.ocr.preferred-fonts"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"List-FontProperties"),t("td",null,[e("["),t("br"),e(" {"),t("br"),e(' "familyName": "Noto Sans CJK SC",'),t("br"),e(' "style": "BOLD"'),t("br"),e(" },"),t("br"),e(" {"),t("br"),e(' "familyName": "Noto Sans",'),t("br"),e(' "style": "BOLD"'),t("br"),e(" }"),t("br"),e("]")]),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.connection.client.keepalive-interval-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"5"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.connection.client.keepalive-timeout-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"15"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.connection.client.reconnect-interval-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"15"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.connection.server.host"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"0.0.0.0"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.connection.server.port"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"7510"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.connection.server.port-auto-increment"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.connection.server.port-count"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"100"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.discovery.address.advertise-host"),t("td"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td",null,"The advertise address of the local node exposed to admins. (e.g. 100.131.251.96)")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.discovery.address.advertise-strategy"),t("td"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"enum"),t("td",null,"PRIVATE_ADDRESS"),t("td",null,"The advertise strategy is used to decide which type of address should be used so that admins can access admin APIs and metrics APIs")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.discovery.address.attach-port-to-host"),t("td"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to attach the local port to the host. e.g. The local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 9510 so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:9510")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.discovery.delay-to-notify-members-change-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"3"),t("td",null,"Delay notifying listeners on members change. Waits for seconds to avoid thundering herd")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.discovery.heartbeat-interval-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"10"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.discovery.heartbeat-timeout-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"30"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.id"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"turms"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.node.active-by-default"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.node.id"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td",null,'The node ID must start with a letter or underscore, and matches zero or more of characters [a-zA-Z0-9_] after the beginning. e.g. "turms001", "turms_002". A node must have a unique ID. If not specified, Turms server will generate a random unique ID')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.node.leader-eligible"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Only works when it is a turms-service node")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.node.name"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td",null,'The node name must start with a letter or underscore, and matches zero or more of characters [a-zA-Z0-9_] after the beginning. e.g. "turms001", "turms_002". The node name can be duplicate in the cluster. If not specified, Turms server will use the node ID as the node name')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.node.priority"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"0"),t("td",null,"The priority to be a leader")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.node.zone"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td",null,'e.g. "us-east-1" and "ap-east-1"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.cluster.rpc.request-timeout-millis"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"30000"),t("td",null,"The timeout for RPC requests in milliseconds")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.flight-recorder.closed-recording-retention-period"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"0"),t("td",null,"A closed recording will be retained for the given period and will be removed from the file system after the retention period. 0 means no retention. -1 means unlimited retention.")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.address.advertise-host"),t("td"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td",null,"The advertise address of the local node exposed to admins. (e.g. 100.131.251.96)")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.address.advertise-strategy"),t("td"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"enum"),t("td",null,"PRIVATE_ADDRESS"),t("td",null,"The advertise strategy is used to decide which type of address should be used so that admins can access admin APIs and metrics APIs")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.address.attach-port-to-host"),t("td"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to attach the local port to the host. e.g. The local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 9510 so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:9510")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.enabled"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to enable the APIs for administrators")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.http.host"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"0.0.0.0"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.http.max-request-body-size-bytes"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"10485760"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.http.port"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"9510"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.log.enabled"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to log API calls")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.log.log-request-params"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to log the parameters of requests")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.rate-limiting.capacity"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"50"),t("td",null,"The maximum number of tokens that the bucket can hold")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.rate-limiting.initial-tokens"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"50"),t("td",null,"The initial number of tokens for new session")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.rate-limiting.refill-interval-millis"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"1000"),t("td",null,"The time interval to refill. 0 means never refill")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.rate-limiting.tokens-per-period"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"50"),t("td",null,"Refills the bucket with the specified number of tokens per period if the bucket is not full")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.admin-api.use-authentication"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to use authentication. If false, all HTTP requesters will personate the root user and all HTTP requests will be passed. You may set it to false when you want to manage authentication via security groups, NACL, etc")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.logging.excluded-notification-categories"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"Set-enum"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.logging.excluded-notification-types"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"Set-enum"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.logging.excluded-request-categories"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"Set-enum"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.logging.excluded-request-types"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"Set-enum"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.logging.heartbeat-sample-rate"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"float"),t("td",null,"0"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.logging.included-notification-categories"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"LinkedHashSet-LoggingCategoryProperties"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.logging.included-notifications"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"LinkedHashSet-LoggingRequestProperties"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.logging.included-request-categories"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"LinkedHashSet-LoggingCategoryProperties"),t("td",null,[e("["),t("br"),e(" {"),t("br"),e(' "category": "ALL",'),t("br"),e(' "sampleRate": 1'),t("br"),e(" }"),t("br"),e("]")]),t("td",null,'Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.logging.included-requests"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"LinkedHashSet-LoggingRequestProperties"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.max-request-size-bytes"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"16384"),t("td",null,"The client session will be closed and may be blocked if it tries to send a request larger than the size. Note: The average size of turms requests is 16~64 bytes")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.rate-limiting.capacity"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"50"),t("td",null,"The maximum number of tokens that the bucket can hold")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.rate-limiting.initial-tokens"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"50"),t("td",null,"The initial number of tokens for new session")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.rate-limiting.refill-interval-millis"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"1000"),t("td",null,"The time interval to refill. 0 means never refill")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.rate-limiting.tokens-per-period"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"1"),t("td",null,"Refills the bucket with the specified number of tokens per period if the bucket is not full")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.client-api.return-reason-for-server-error"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to return the reason for the server error to the client. Note: 1. It may reveal sensitive data like the IP of internal servers if true; 2. turms-gateway never return the information of stack traces no matter it is true or false.")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.fake.enabled"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to fake clients. Note that faking only works in non-production environments")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.fake.first-user-id"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"long"),t("td",null,"100"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.fake.request-count-per-interval"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"10"),t("td",null,"The number of requests to send per interval. If requestIntervalMillis is 1000, requestCountPerInterval is TPS in fact")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.fake.request-interval-millis"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"1000"),t("td",null,"The interval to send request")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.fake.user-count"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"10"),t("td",null,'Run the number of real clients as faked users with an ID from [firstUserId, firstUserId + userCount) to connect to turms-gateway. So please ensure you have set "turms.service.fake.userCount" to a number larger than or equal to (firstUserId + userCount)')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.notification-logging.enabled"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to parse the buffer of TurmsNotification to log. Note that the property has an impact on performance")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.service-discovery.advertise-host"),t("td"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td",null,"The advertise address of the local node exposed to the public. The property can be used to advertise the DDoS Protected IP address to hide the origin IP address (e.g. 100.131.251.96)")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.service-discovery.advertise-strategy"),t("td"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"enum"),t("td",null,"PRIVATE_ADDRESS"),t("td",null,'The advertise strategy is used to help clients or load balancing servers to access the local node. Note: For security, do NOT use "PUBLIC_ADDRESS" in production to prevent from exposing the origin IP address for DDoS attack.')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.service-discovery.attach-port-to-host"),t("td"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to attach the local port to the host. For example, if the local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 10510, so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:10510")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.service-discovery.identity"),t("td"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td",null,'The identity of the local node will be sent to clients as a notification if identity is not blank and "turms.gateway.session.notifyClientsOfSessionInfoAfterConnected" is true (e.g. "turms-east-0001")')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.client-heartbeat-interval-seconds"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"60"),t("td",null,"The client heartbeat interval. Note that the value will NOT change the actual heartbeat behavior of clients, and the value is only used to facilitate related operations of turms-gateway")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.close-idle-session-after-seconds"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"180"),t("td",null,[e("A session will be closed if turms server does not receive any request (including heartbeat request) from the client during closeIdleSessionAfterSeconds. References: "),t("a",{href:"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzAwNDY1ODY2OQ==&mid=207243549&idx=1&sn=4ebe4beb8123f1b5ab58810ac8bc5994&scene=0#rd",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzAwNDY1ODY2OQ==&mid=207243549&idx=1&sn=4ebe4beb8123f1b5ab58810ac8bc5994&scene=0#rd")])]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.device-details.expire-after-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"2592000"),t("td",null,"Device details information will expire after the specified time has elapsed. 0 means never expire")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.device-details.items"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"List-DeviceDetailsItemProperties"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.enabled"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to authenticate and authorize users when logging in. Note that user ID is always required even if enabled is false. If false at startup, turms-gateway will not connect to the MongoDB server for user records")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.body-fields"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"Map"),t("td",null,[e("{"),t("br"),e(' "authenticated": true'),t("br"),e("}")]),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.headers"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"Map"),t("td",null,"{}"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.status-codes"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"Set-string"),t("td",null,[e("["),t("br"),e(' "2??"'),t("br"),e("]")]),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.headers"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"Map"),t("td",null,"{}"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.http-method"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"enum"),t("td",null,"GET"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.timeout-millis"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"30000"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.url"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa256.p12.file-path"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa256.p12.key-alias"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa256.p12.password"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa256.pem-file-path"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa384.p12.file-path"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa384.p12.key-alias"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa384.p12.password"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa384.pem-file-path"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa512.p12.file-path"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa512.p12.key-alias"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa512.p12.password"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa512.pem-file-path"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac256.file-path"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac256.p12.file-path"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac256.p12.key-alias"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac256.p12.password"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac384.file-path"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac384.p12.file-path"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac384.p12.key-alias"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac384.p12.password"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac512.file-path"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac512.p12.file-path"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac512.p12.key-alias"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac512.p12.password"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps256.p12.file-path"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps256.p12.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"authenticated": true'),t("br"),e("}")]),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.verification.audience"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.verification.custom-payload-claims"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"Map"),t("td",null,"{}"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.verification.issuer"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.host"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"localhost"),t("td",null,"The host of LDAP server for admin")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.password"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td",null,"The administrator's password for binding")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.port"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"389"),t("td",null,"The port of LDAP server for admin")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.username"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td",null,"The administrator's username for binding")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.base-dn"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td",null,"The base DN from which all operations originate")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.host"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"localhost"),t("td",null,"The host of LDAP server for user")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.port"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"389"),t("td",null,"The port of LDAP server for user")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.search-filter"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",{userId:""},"uid=$"),t("td",null,'The search filter to find the user entry. "${userId}" is a placeholder and will be replaced with the user ID passed in the login request')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.type"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"enum"),t("td",null,"PASSWORD"),t("td",null,"Note that if the type is not PASSWORD, turms-gateway will not connect to the MongoDB server for user records")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.min-heartbeat-interval-seconds"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"18"),t("td",null,"The minimum interval to refresh the heartbeat status by client requests to avoid refreshing the heartbeat status frequently")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.notify-clients-of-session-info-after-connected"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to notify clients of the session information after connected with the server")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.session.switch-protocol-after-seconds"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"540"),t("td",null,'If the turms server only receives heartbeat requests from the client during switchProtocolAfterSeconds, the TCP/WebSocket connection will be closed with the close status "SWITCH" to indicate the client should keep sending heartbeat requests over UDP if they want to keep online. Note: 1. The property only works if UDP is enabled; 2. For browser clients, UDP is not supported')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.simultaneous-login.allow-device-type-others-login"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to allow the devices of DeviceType.OTHERS to login")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.simultaneous-login.allow-device-type-unknown-login"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to allow the devices of DeviceType.UNKNOWN to login")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.simultaneous-login.login-conflict-strategy"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"enum"),t("td",null,"DISCONNECT_LOGGED_IN_DEVICES"),t("td",null,"The login conflict strategy is used for servers to know how to behave if a device is logging in when there are conflicted and logged-in devices")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.simultaneous-login.strategy"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"enum"),t("td",null,"ALLOW_ONE_DEVICE_OF_EACH_DEVICE_TYPE_ONLINE"),t("td",null,"The simultaneous login strategy is used to control which devices can be online at the same time")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.tcp.backlog"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"4096"),t("td",null,"The maximum number of connection requests waiting in the backlog queue. 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Positive value should be used when you prefer that turms-gateway waits for the client to receive within the specified time data and only close the connection when it exceeds the timeout")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.tcp.session.establish-timeout-millis"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"300000"),t("td",null,"turms-gateway will close the TCP connection if the client has not established a user session within the specified time. 0 means no timeout")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.tcp.wiretap"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.udp.enabled"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.udp.host"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"0.0.0.0"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.udp.port"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"-1"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.websocket.backlog"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"4096"),t("td",null,"The maximum number of connection requests waiting in the backlog queue. Large enough to handle bursts and GC pauses but do not set too large to prevent SYN-Flood attacks")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.websocket.connect-timeout-millis"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"30000"),t("td",null,"Used to mitigate the Slowloris DoS attack by lowering the timeout for the TCP connection handshake")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.websocket.enabled"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.websocket.host"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"0.0.0.0"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.websocket.port"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"-1"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.websocket.remote-address-source.http-header-mode"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"enum"),t("td",null,"OPTIONAL"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.websocket.remote-address-source.proxy-protocol-mode"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"enum"),t("td",null,"OPTIONAL"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.gateway.websocket.session.close-timeout-millis"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"120000"),t("td",null,"turms-gateway will send and flush a WebSocket close frame, and then send a TCP RST packet to the connection if the client has not closed the WebSocket connection within the specified time after turms-gateway has sent and flushed the session close notification. 0 means sending and flushing a WebSocket close frame, and then sending a TCP RST packet immediately after flushing the session close notification, and you should use 0 if you prefer fast connection close, but the client may never receive the last data sent by turms-gateway. -1 means no timeout and waiting for the client to close the connection forever. 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Return ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT if a client tries to access them")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.client-api.logging.excluded-notification-categories"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"Set-enum"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.client-api.logging.excluded-notification-types"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"Set-enum"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.client-api.logging.excluded-request-categories"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"Set-enum"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.client-api.logging.excluded-request-types"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"Set-enum"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.client-api.logging.included-notification-categories"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"LinkedHashSet-LoggingCategoryProperties"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.client-api.logging.included-notifications"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"LinkedHashSet-LoggingRequestProperties"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.client-api.logging.included-request-categories"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"LinkedHashSet-LoggingCategoryProperties"),t("td",null,[e("["),t("br"),e(" {"),t("br"),e(' "category": "ALL",'),t("br"),e(' "sampleRate": 1'),t("br"),e(" }"),t("br"),e("]")]),t("td",null,'Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.client-api.logging.included-requests"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"LinkedHashSet-LoggingRequestProperties"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,'Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.allow-move-read-date-forward"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to allow to move the last read date forward")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.enabled"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to allow to update the last read date")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.update-read-date-after-message-sent"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to update the read date after a user sent a message")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.update-read-date-when-user-querying-message"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to update the read date when a user queries messages")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.use-server-time"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to use the server time to set the last read date when updating")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.conversation.typing-status.enabled"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to notify users of typing statuses sent by other users")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.fake.clear-all-collections-before-faking"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to clear all collections before faking at startup")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.fake.enabled"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to fake data. Note that faking only works in non-production environments")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.fake.fake-if-collection-exists"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to fake data even if the collection has already existed")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.fake.user-count"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"1000"),t("td",null,"the total number of users to fake")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.activate-group-when-created"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to activate a group when created by default")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.delete-group-logically-by-default"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to delete groups logically by default")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.invitation.allow-recall-pending-invitation-by-owner-and-manager"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to allow the owner and managers of a group to recall pending group invitations")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.invitation.delete-expired-invitations-when-cron-triggered"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to delete expired group invitations when the cron expression is triggered")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.invitation.expire-after-seconds"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"2592000"),t("td",null,"A group invitation will become expired after the specified time has passed")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.invitation.expired-invitations-cleanup-cron"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"0 15 2 * * *"),t("td",null,'Clean the expired group invitations when the cron expression is triggered if "deleteExpiredInvitationsWhenCronTriggered" is true')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.invitation.max-content-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"200"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for the text of a group invitation")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.join-request.allow-recall-join-request-sent-by-oneself"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to allow users to recall the join requests sent by themselves")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.join-request.delete-expired-join-requests-when-cron-triggered"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to delete expired group join requests when the cron expression is triggered")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.join-request.expire-after-seconds"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"2592000"),t("td",null,"A group join request will become expired after the specified time has elapsed")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.join-request.expired-join-requests-cleanup-cron"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"0 30 2 * * *"),t("td",null,'Clean the expired group join requests when the cron expression is triggered if "deleteExpiredJoinRequestsWhenCronTriggered" is true')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.join-request.max-content-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"200"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for the text of a group join request")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.member-cache-expire-after-seconds"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"15"),t("td",null,"The group member cache will expire after the specified seconds. If 0, no group member cache")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.question.answer-content-limit"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"50"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for the text of a group question's answer")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.question.max-answer-count"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"10"),t("td",null,"The maximum number of answers for a group question")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.group.question.question-content-limit"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"200"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for the text of a group question")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.allow-edit-message-by-sender"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to allow the sender of a message to edit the message")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.allow-recall-message"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to allow users to recall messages. Note: To recall messages, more system resources are needed")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.allow-send-messages-to-oneself"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to allow users to send messages to themselves")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.allow-send-messages-to-stranger"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to allow users to send messages to a stranger")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.available-recall-duration-seconds"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"300"),t("td",null,"The available recall duration for the sender of a message")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.cache.sent-message-cache-max-size"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"10240"),t("td",null,"The maximum size of the cache of sent messages.")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.cache.sent-message-expire-after"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"30"),t("td",null,"The retention period of sent messages in the cache. For a better performance, it is a good practice to keep the value greater than the allowed recall duration")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.check-if-target-active-and-not-deleted"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to check if the target (recipient or group) of a message is active and not deleted")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.default-available-messages-number-with-total"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"1"),t("td",null,'The default available messages number with the "total" field that users request')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.delete-message-logically-by-default"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to delete messages logically by default")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.expired-messages-cleanup-cron"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"0 45 2 * * *"),t("td",null,"Clean the expired messages when the cron expression is triggered")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.is-recalled-message-visible"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to respond with recalled messages to clients' message query requests")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.max-records-size-bytes"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"15728640"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed size for the records of a message")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.max-text-limit"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"500"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for the text of a message")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.message-retention-period-hours"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"0"),t("td",null,"A message will be retained for the given period and will be removed from the database after the retention period")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.persist-message"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to persist messages in databases. Note: If false, senders will not get the message ID after the message has sent and cannot edit it")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.persist-pre-message-id"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to persist the previous message ID of messages in databases")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.persist-record"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to persist the records of messages in databases")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.persist-sender-ip"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to persist the sender IP of messages in databases")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.sequence-id.use-sequence-id-for-group-conversation"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to use the sequence ID for group conversations so that the client can be aware of the loss of messages. Note that the property has a significant impact on performance")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.message.sequence-id.use-sequence-id-for-private-conversation"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to use the sequence ID for private conversations so that the client can be aware of the loss of messages. 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relationship group")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-member-removed.notify-removed-relationship-group-member"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to notify the removed member when a user has removed them from their one-sided relationship group")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-member-removed.notify-requester-other-online-sessions"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have removed a new member from their one-sided relationship group")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-updated.notify-relationship-group-members"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to notify members when a one-side relationship 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relationship")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.notification.private-conversation-read-date-updated.notify-contact"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to notify another contact when a contact has updated their read date in a private conversation")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.notification.private-conversation-read-date-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated the read date in a private conversation")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.notification.user-info-updated.notify-non-blocked-related-users"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to notify non-blocked related users when a user has updated their information")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.notification.user-info-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated their information")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.notification.user-online-status-updated.notify-non-blocked-related-users"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to notify non-blocked related users when a user has updated their online status")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.notification.user-online-status-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated their online status")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.push-notification.apns.bundle-id"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.push-notification.apns.enabled"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.push-notification.apns.key-id"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.push-notification.apns.sandbox-enabled"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.push-notification.apns.signing-key"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.push-notification.apns.team-id"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.push-notification.fcm.credentials"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.push-notification.fcm.enabled"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.statistics.log-online-users-number"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to log online users number")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.statistics.online-users-number-logging-cron"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"0/15 * * * * *"),t("td",null,"The cron expression to specify the time to log online users' number")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.allowed-content-type"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"image/*"),t("td",null,'The allowed "Content-Type" of the resource that the client can upload')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.allowed-referrers"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"List-string"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,[e('Restrict access to the resource to only allow the specific referrers (e.g. "'),t("a",{href:"https://github.com/turms-im/turms/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"https://github.com/turms-im/turms/"),e('*")')])]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.download-url-expire-after-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"300"),t("td",null,"The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.expire-after-days"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"0"),t("td",null,"Delete the resource the specific days after creation. 0 means no expiration")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.max-size-bytes"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"1048576"),t("td",null,"The maximum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.min-size-bytes"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"0"),t("td",null,"The minimum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.upload-url-expire-after-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"300"),t("td",null,"The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.message-attachment.allowed-content-type"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,[t("em",null,"/")]),t("td",null,'The allowed "Content-Type" of the resource that the client can upload')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.message-attachment.allowed-referrers"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"List-string"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,[e('Restrict access to the resource to only allow the specific referrers (e.g. "'),t("a",{href:"https://github.com/turms-im/turms/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"https://github.com/turms-im/turms/"),e('*")')])]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.message-attachment.download-url-expire-after-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"300"),t("td",null,"The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.message-attachment.expire-after-days"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"0"),t("td",null,"Delete the resource the specific days after creation. 0 means no expiration")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.message-attachment.max-size-bytes"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"1048576"),t("td",null,"The maximum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.message-attachment.min-size-bytes"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"0"),t("td",null,"The minimum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.message-attachment.upload-url-expire-after-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"300"),t("td",null,"The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.allowed-content-type"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"image/*"),t("td",null,'The allowed "Content-Type" of the resource that the client can upload')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.allowed-referrers"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"List-string"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,[e('Restrict access to the resource to only allow the specific referrers (e.g. "'),t("a",{href:"https://github.com/turms-im/turms/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"https://github.com/turms-im/turms/"),e('*")')])]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.download-url-expire-after-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"300"),t("td",null,"The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.expire-after-days"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"0"),t("td",null,"Delete the resource the specific days after creation. 0 means no expiration")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.max-size-bytes"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"1048576"),t("td",null,"The maximum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.min-size-bytes"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"0"),t("td",null,"The minimum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.upload-url-expire-after-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"300"),t("td",null,"The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.activate-user-when-added"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to activate a user when added by default")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.delete-two-sided-relationships"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to delete the two-sided relationships when a user requests to delete a relationship")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.delete-user-logically"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to delete a user logically")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.friend-request.allow-send-request-after-declined-or-ignored-or-expired"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to allow resending a friend request after the previous request has been declined, ignored, or expired")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.friend-request.delete-expired-requests-when-cron-triggered"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to delete expired when the cron expression is triggered")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.friend-request.expired-user-friend-requests-cleanup-cron"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"0 0 2 * * *"),t("td",null,"Clean expired friend requests when the cron expression is triggered if deleteExpiredRequestsWhenCronTriggered is true")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.friend-request.friend-request-expire-after-seconds"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"2592000"),t("td",null,"A friend request will become expired after the specified time has elapsed")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.friend-request.max-content-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"200"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for the text of a friend request")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.max-intro-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"100"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for a user's intro")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.max-name-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"20"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for a user's name")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.max-password-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"16"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for a user's password")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.max-profile-picture-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"100"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for a user's profile picture")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.min-password-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"-1"),t("td",null,`The minimum allowed length for a user's password. If 0, it means the password can be an empty string "". If -1, it means the password can be null`)]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.respond-offline-if-invisible"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to respond to client with the OFFLINE status if a user is in INVISIBLE status")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.shutdown.job-timeout-millis"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"long"),t("td",null,"120000"),t("td",null,"Wait for a job 2 minutes at most for extreme cases by default. Though it is a long time, graceful shutdown is usually better than force shutdown.")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.user-status.cache-user-sessions-status"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to cache the user sessions status")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.user-status.user-sessions-status-cache-max-size"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"-1"),t("td",null,"The maximum size of the cache of users' sessions status")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.user-status.user-sessions-status-expire-after"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"60"),t("td",null,"The life duration of each remote user's sessions status in the cache. Note that the cache will make the presentation of users' sessions status inconsistent during the time")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"type"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"image/*"),t("td",null,'The allowed "Content-Type" of the resource that the client can upload')]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.allowed-referrers"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"List-string"),t("td",null,"[]"),t("td",null,[e('Restrict access to the resource to only allow the specific referrers (e.g. "'),t("a",{href:"https://github.com/turms-im/turms/",target:"_blank",rel:"noreferrer"},"https://github.com/turms-im/turms/"),e('*")')])]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.download-url-expire-after-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"300"),t("td",null,"The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.expire-after-days"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"0"),t("td",null,"Delete the resource the specific days after creation. 0 means no expiration")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.max-size-bytes"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"1048576"),t("td",null,"The maximum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.min-size-bytes"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"0"),t("td",null,"The minimum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.upload-url-expire-after-seconds"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"300"),t("td",null,"The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.activate-user-when-added"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to activate a user when added by default")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.delete-two-sided-relationships"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to delete the two-sided relationships when a user requests to delete a relationship")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.delete-user-logically"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to delete a user logically")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.friend-request.allow-send-request-after-declined-or-ignored-or-expired"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to allow resending a friend request after the previous request has been declined, ignored, or expired")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.friend-request.delete-expired-requests-when-cron-triggered"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to delete expired when the cron expression is triggered")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.friend-request.expired-user-friend-requests-cleanup-cron"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"string"),t("td",null,"0 0 2 * * *"),t("td",null,"Clean expired friend requests when the cron expression is triggered if deleteExpiredRequestsWhenCronTriggered is true")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.friend-request.friend-request-expire-after-seconds"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"2592000"),t("td",null,"A friend request will become expired after the specified time has elapsed")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.friend-request.max-content-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"200"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for the text of a friend request")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.max-intro-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"100"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for a user's intro")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.max-name-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"20"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for a user's name")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.max-password-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"16"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for a user's password")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.max-profile-picture-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"100"),t("td",null,"The maximum allowed length for a user's profile picture")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.min-password-length"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"-1"),t("td",null,`The minimum allowed length for a user's password. If 0, it means the password can be an empty string "". If -1, it means the password can be null`)]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.service.user.respond-offline-if-invisible"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"✅"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"false"),t("td",null,"Whether to respond to client with the OFFLINE status if a user is in INVISIBLE status")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.shutdown.job-timeout-millis"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"long"),t("td",null,"120000"),t("td",null,"Wait for a job 2 minutes at most for extreme cases by default. Though it is a long time, graceful shutdown is usually better than force shutdown.")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.user-status.cache-user-sessions-status"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"boolean"),t("td",null,"true"),t("td",null,"Whether to cache the user sessions status")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.user-status.user-sessions-status-cache-max-size"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"-1"),t("td",null,"The maximum size of the cache of users' sessions status")]),t("tr",null,[t("td",null,"turms.user-status.user-sessions-status-expire-after"),t("td"),t("td"),t("td",null,"int"),t("td",null,"60"),t("td",null,"The life duration of each remote user's sessions status in the cache. Note that the cache will make the presentation of users' sessions status inconsistent during the time")])])],-1),a=[i,u];function o(h,c,m,p,g,f){return s(),n("div",null,a)}const v=l(r,[["render",o]]);export{b as __pageData,v as default};
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    Turms Documentation
    English
    简体中文
    English
    简体中文
    Appearance
    API ​
    Turms client currently supports four programming languages, JavaScript, Kotlin, Swift and Dart, exposing a consistent interface and behaving in a consistent manner. Some interface parameters may be inconsistent across languages, mainly due to: 1. The interface uses parameters and syntax that are closer to current language characteristics and conventions; 2. Unique parameters and interfaces of turms-client-js.
    Since Turms client behavior is highly consistent across languages, you can easily translate your written business code into the other three languages without changing the code logic (see the examples at the end of this article) if you develop your application based on either language.
    External Logic Structure ​
    • TurmsClient: TurmsClient is the only class exposed directly to the public. A TurmsClient instance represents a session between a client and a server. The following variables are the external member variables of TurmsClient.
      • driver: TurmsClient's runtime driver. It is responsible for the basic operations such as opening and closing the connection, sending and receiving the underlying data and heartbeat control. The following service layer classes are all driver-based.
      • userService: A user-related service. It is responsible for such operations as user login, adding friends, adding relationship groups, sending/processing friend requests, querying nearby users, etc.
      • groupService: A group-related service. It is responsible for operations such as creating groups, changing group owners, modifying group members' roles, modifying group information, etc.
      • messageService：A message-related service. It is responsible for operations such as sending messages, modifying sent messages, querying various messages and their status, recalling messages, etc.
      • notificationService: A notification-related service. It is responsible for receiving and responding to business-level notifications (e.g., other users sending friend requests to the user, group members going up and down, etc.). Reminder: messages are not considered as business-level notifications, so notificationService does not handle user messages, and user messages are only handled by messageService. The concept of "notification" in TurmsNotification in driver refers to the notification from the Turms server to the Turms client at the network level, so the notificationService does not handle the underlying TurmsNotification data.
        Addendum: You can change the notification function on and off in real-time at im.turms.server.common.infra.properties.env.service.business.NotificationProperties on the Turms server.
      • storageService: A storage-related service (optional extension). It is responsible for upload and download operations of user avatars, group avatars and message attachments. Note: This service is an extension of turms, so if you want to use this feature, you need to integrate turms-plugin-minio or your own storage plugin into the Turms server.
    Return Value of Methods in Services ​
    All Turms client service methods that interact with the Turms server are written based on the asynchronous model. turms-client-js uses the Promise model, turms-client-kotlin uses the Coroutines model, and turms-client-swift uses the Promise model (provided by PromiseKit).
    Various Services can add, delete, update and query the business data provided by Turms. You need to understand their return value types in order to develop your own business code.
    Deep Dive - For Responses with Status Code 10xx ​
    • For methods that add business data, if the return value of the method is declared as an asynchronous model (e.g., Promise<Response<string>>), the return value of the generic type (such as the string type in the previous section) must not be null, otherwise an error with status code INVALID_RESPONSE will be thrown ResponseError or ResponseException, indicating that a data that should exist is missing. If this error occurs, it means there is a bug of inconsistency in the behavior of either the Turms server or client.
    • For methods that delete and update business data, they both return Void types wrapped by asynchronous models (e.g., Promise<Response<Void>>).
    • For functions that find business models.
      If the function of this class returns a List type wrapped by an asynchronous model, the lookup operation function returns an empty List instead of null or undefined when the server returns empty data.
      If the wrapped type is not a List, the lookup function returns an undefined (JavaScript) or null (Kotlin) or nil (Swift) when the server returns null data. Special case: the answerGroupQuestions method can be counted as a query method, but its return data is never null.
    Deep Dive - For Responses with Status Code Other Than 10xx ​
    These types of responses are all regarded as "error" status responses. The methods in the Service will throw ResponseError or ResponseException through the asynchronous model, and these error or exception instances will carry a specific response status code and an error reason.
    Deep Dive - Main Interface Differences ​
    Normally, you don't need to care about the differences between client interfaces, but if your team needs to have one developer working on the upper layers based on multiple Turms clients, or if you need to compare the similarities and differences between the upper layer client code implementations for your project, you can learn about the differences in the main interfaces between the clients.
    In early Turms client implementations, the interface parameters and data model between the clients were kept as uniform as possible in terms of configuration and meaning, such as time-related configuration parameters. However, this forced uniformity was written in a way that did not conform to the target language conventions. Also, considering that in most cases, the upper-level business code of each client usually has a dedicated person in charge of it, rather than all by one developer, the uniform meaning is not significant, and these differences are also in line with the target language habits, so no mandatory uniformity is made.
    The differences in the main interfaces of the clients are listed below.
    JavaScript ClientKotlin ClientSwift ClientDart ClientExamples
    Time UnitConsistent with millisecondsConsistent with millisecondsUses TimeInterval (i.e., seconds)Consistent with millisecondsconnectTimeout
    Response Exception ModelResponseError (inherited from Error)ResponseException (inherited from RuntimeException)ResponseError (inherited from Error)ResponseException (inherited from Exception)
    Asynchronous ModelPromiseCoroutinesPromise provided by PromiseKitFuture
    Note: For the externally exposed callback function implementation, Turms Swift client does not use the delegate proxy common to Swift, but escapes the closure via function passing like other language clients.
    Understanding interfaces (Important) ​
    The interfaces of all Turms clients are very easy to understand and use. Developers don't even need to look at what interfaces Turms clients have. They can simply deduce what interfaces Turms will have based on basic IM business knowledge.
    Developers generally only need to remember:
    • Create a Turms client instance through new TurmsClient(...)
    • As mentioned in the previous section on External Logic Structure, the Turms client is divided into five services: userService (related to user), groupService (related to group), messageService (related to message), notificationService (related to notification), and storageService (related to storage, optional).
    Afterwards, based on business knowledge, we can infer what interfaces the Turms client will have, such as:
    • If a user needs to log in first, we naturally think of the userService related to users. Since it is "logging in," we look for a login method and naturally find the client.userService.login(...) method.
    • After logging in, the user needs to be able to send messages. We would then think of the messageService related to messages and look for an method similar to sendMessage, which leads us to the client.messageService.sendMessage(...) method.
    • Since we can send messages, what method can we use to listen for received messages? Since it is still related to messages, we still think of the messageService, so we might consider methods like onMessage, subscribeMessage, or addMessageListener. Looking through the code, we find the client.messageService.addMessageListener(...) method.
    • If we can listen for received messages, how do we listen for received notifications? Since it is related to notifications, we naturally think of the notificationService related to notifications. Since the method for listening for received messages is called addMessageListener, the method for listening to notifications should be addNotificationListener, which leads us to the client.notification.addNotificationListener method.
    In summary, developers generally only need basic business knowledge to infer the interfaces provided by the Turms client, and do not even need to read the source code of the Turms client.
    For advanced developers, the Turms client also provides a driver for implementing relatively low-level operations. In addition, as mentioned in the section on `Session Lifecycle," the Turms client is intentionally designed to be clear and easy to understand, deliberately not providing operations such as automatic reconnection or automatic routing, because on one hand developers can easily implement such logic themselves, and on the other hand, such "hidden" internal logic can make it difficult for upper-level developers to control low-level driver behavior and can sometimes become a stumbling block.
    Examples ​
    The following examples include four versions of turms-client-js/kotlin/swift/dart and have equivalent functionalities. The following business operations are included: client initialization, login, listen for session disconnections (offline), listen for notifications, listen for new messages, query nearby users, send messages, and create groups.
    Server-side Preparation before Trying Examples ​
    • Option 1: No need to build Turms servers locally, users connect to turms-gateway on Playground directly locally via the client API (WebSocket endpoint: http://playground.turms.im:10510; TCP endpoint: http://playground.turms.im:11510). However, pay attention to upgrade the local client to the latest version in time to avoid the problem of inconsistent data because of server-side interface updates.
    • Option 2: Update the following configuration in the application.yaml configuration file. 
      1. Set turms.gateway.session.enable-authentication to false (disable user login authentication)
      2. Set turms.service.message.allow-sending-messages-to-stranger to true (allow users without relationship to send messages to each other)
    • Option 3: Use the built-in dev profile configuration. This is because the dev profile provided by Turms already has the above configuration. By default, the profile of application.yaml in the Turms distribution package is empty, i.e. the default profile is not dev and you need to configure it to dev manually.
    Code example ​
    javascript
    // Initialize client
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    API ​
    Turms client currently supports four programming languages, JavaScript, Kotlin, Swift and Dart, exposing a consistent interface and behaving in a consistent manner. Some interface parameters may be inconsistent across languages, mainly due to: 1. The interface uses parameters and syntax that are closer to current language characteristics and conventions; 2. Unique parameters and interfaces of turms-client-js.
    Since Turms client behavior is highly consistent across languages, you can easily translate your written business code into the other three languages without changing the code logic (see the examples at the end of this article) if you develop your application based on either language.
    External Logic Structure ​
    • TurmsClient: TurmsClient is the only class exposed directly to the public. A TurmsClient instance represents a session between a client and a server. The following variables are the external member variables of TurmsClient.
      • driver: TurmsClient's runtime driver. It is responsible for the basic operations such as opening and closing the connection, sending and receiving the underlying data and heartbeat control. The following service layer classes are all driver-based.
      • userService: A user-related service. It is responsible for such operations as user login, adding friends, adding relationship groups, sending/processing friend requests, querying nearby users, etc.
      • groupService: A group-related service. It is responsible for operations such as creating groups, changing group owners, modifying group members' roles, modifying group information, etc.
      • messageService：A message-related service. It is responsible for operations such as sending messages, modifying sent messages, querying various messages and their status, recalling messages, etc.
      • notificationService: A notification-related service. It is responsible for receiving and responding to business-level notifications (e.g., other users sending friend requests to the user, group members going up and down, etc.). Reminder: messages are not considered as business-level notifications, so notificationService does not handle user messages, and user messages are only handled by messageService. The concept of "notification" in TurmsNotification in driver refers to the notification from the Turms server to the Turms client at the network level, so the notificationService does not handle the underlying TurmsNotification data.
        Addendum: You can change the notification function on and off in real-time at im.turms.server.common.infra.properties.env.service.business.NotificationProperties on the Turms server.
      • storageService: A storage-related service (optional extension). It is responsible for upload and download operations of user avatars, group avatars and message attachments. Note: This service is an extension of turms, so if you want to use this feature, you need to integrate turms-plugin-minio or your own storage plugin into the Turms server.
    Return Value of Methods in Services ​
    All Turms client service methods that interact with the Turms server are written based on the asynchronous model. turms-client-js uses the Promise model, turms-client-kotlin uses the Coroutines model, and turms-client-swift uses the Promise model (provided by PromiseKit).
    Various Services can add, delete, update and query the business data provided by Turms. You need to understand their return value types in order to develop your own business code.
    Deep Dive - For Responses with Status Code 10xx ​
    • For methods that add business data, if the return value of the method is declared as an asynchronous model (e.g., Promise<Response<string>>), the return value of the generic type (such as the string type in the previous section) must not be null, otherwise an error with status code INVALID_RESPONSE will be thrown ResponseError or ResponseException, indicating that a data that should exist is missing. If this error occurs, it means there is a bug of inconsistency in the behavior of either the Turms server or client.
    • For methods that delete and update business data, they both return Void types wrapped by asynchronous models (e.g., Promise<Response<Void>>).
    • For functions that find business models.
      If the function of this class returns a List type wrapped by an asynchronous model, the lookup operation function returns an empty List instead of null or undefined when the server returns empty data.
      If the wrapped type is not a List, the lookup function returns an undefined (JavaScript) or null (Kotlin) or nil (Swift) when the server returns null data. Special case: the answerGroupQuestions method can be counted as a query method, but its return data is never null.
    Deep Dive - For Responses with Status Code Other Than 10xx ​
    These types of responses are all regarded as "error" status responses. The methods in the Service will throw ResponseError or ResponseException through the asynchronous model, and these error or exception instances will carry a specific response status code and an error reason.
    Deep Dive - Main Interface Differences ​
    Normally, you don't need to care about the differences between client interfaces, but if your team needs to have one developer working on the upper layers based on multiple Turms clients, or if you need to compare the similarities and differences between the upper layer client code implementations for your project, you can learn about the differences in the main interfaces between the clients.
    In early Turms client implementations, the interface parameters and data model between the clients were kept as uniform as possible in terms of configuration and meaning, such as time-related configuration parameters. However, this forced uniformity was written in a way that did not conform to the target language conventions. Also, considering that in most cases, the upper-level business code of each client usually has a dedicated person in charge of it, rather than all by one developer, the uniform meaning is not significant, and these differences are also in line with the target language habits, so no mandatory uniformity is made.
    The differences in the main interfaces of the clients are listed below.
    JavaScript ClientKotlin ClientSwift ClientDart ClientExamples
    Time UnitConsistent with millisecondsConsistent with millisecondsUses TimeInterval (i.e., seconds)Consistent with millisecondsconnectTimeout
    Response Exception ModelResponseError (inherited from Error)ResponseException (inherited from RuntimeException)ResponseError (inherited from Error)ResponseException (inherited from Exception)
    Asynchronous ModelPromiseCoroutinesPromise provided by PromiseKitFuture
    Note: For the externally exposed callback function implementation, Turms Swift client does not use the delegate proxy common to Swift, but escapes the closure via function passing like other language clients.
    Understanding interfaces (Important) ​
    The interfaces of all Turms clients are very easy to understand and use. Developers don't even need to look at what interfaces Turms clients have. They can simply deduce what interfaces Turms will have based on basic IM business knowledge.
    Developers generally only need to remember:
    • Create a Turms client instance through new TurmsClient(...)
    • As mentioned in the previous section on External Logic Structure, the Turms client is divided into five services: userService (related to user), groupService (related to group), messageService (related to message), notificationService (related to notification), and storageService (related to storage, optional).
    Afterwards, based on business knowledge, we can infer what interfaces the Turms client will have, such as:
    • If a user needs to log in first, we naturally think of the userService related to users. Since it is "logging in," we look for a login method and naturally find the client.userService.login(...) method.
    • After logging in, the user needs to be able to send messages. We would then think of the messageService related to messages and look for an method similar to sendMessage, which leads us to the client.messageService.sendMessage(...) method.
    • Since we can send messages, what method can we use to listen for received messages? Since it is still related to messages, we still think of the messageService, so we might consider methods like onMessage, subscribeMessage, or addMessageListener. Looking through the code, we find the client.messageService.addMessageListener(...) method.
    • If we can listen for received messages, how do we listen for received notifications? Since it is related to notifications, we naturally think of the notificationService related to notifications. Since the method for listening for received messages is called addMessageListener, the method for listening to notifications should be addNotificationListener, which leads us to the client.notification.addNotificationListener method.
    In summary, developers generally only need basic business knowledge to infer the interfaces provided by the Turms client, and do not even need to read the source code of the Turms client.
    For advanced developers, the Turms client also provides a driver for implementing relatively low-level operations. In addition, as mentioned in the section on `Session Lifecycle," the Turms client is intentionally designed to be clear and easy to understand, deliberately not providing operations such as automatic reconnection or automatic routing, because on one hand developers can easily implement such logic themselves, and on the other hand, such "hidden" internal logic can make it difficult for upper-level developers to control low-level driver behavior and can sometimes become a stumbling block.
    Examples ​
    The following examples include four versions of turms-client-js/kotlin/swift/dart and have equivalent functionalities. The following business operations are included: client initialization, login, listen for session disconnections (offline), listen for notifications, listen for new messages, query nearby users, send messages, and create groups.
    Server-side Preparation before Trying Examples ​
    • Option 1: No need to build Turms servers locally, users connect to turms-gateway on Playground directly locally via the client API (WebSocket endpoint: http://playground.turms.im:10510; TCP endpoint: http://playground.turms.im:11510). However, pay attention to upgrade the local client to the latest version in time to avoid the problem of inconsistent data because of server-side interface updates.
    • Option 2: Update the following configuration in the application.yaml configuration file. 
      1. Set turms.gateway.session.enable-authentication to false (disable user login authentication)
      2. Set turms.service.message.allow-sending-messages-to-stranger to true (allow users without relationship to send messages to each other)
    • Option 3: Use the built-in dev profile configuration. This is because the dev profile provided by Turms already has the above configuration. By default, the profile of application.yaml in the Turms distribution package is empty, i.e. the default profile is not dev and you need to configure it to dev manually.
    Code example ​
    javascript
    // Initialize client
 const client = new TurmsClient(); // new TurmsClient('ws://any-turms-gateway-server.com');
 
 // Listen to the offline event
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         intro: 'nope'))
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    Communication Protocol Used Between Client and Server ​
    Data Format ​
    For general requests and responses:
    • Client based on the pure TCP protocol: varint-encoded payload length + payload (Protobuf-encoded TurmsNotification or TurmsRequest).
    • Client based on the WebSocket protocol: payload (Protobuf-encoded TurmsNotification or TurmsRequest). The byte length of the payload is transmitted through the underlying WebSocket frame.
    For heartbeat requests:
    • Client based on the pure TCP protocol: a byte array [0] with the length of one byte. The value 0 here actually means "the length of the payload is 0 with a length of one byte under varint encoding", that is, the payload is 0 bytes.
    • Client based on the WebSocket protocol: a binary message with an empty body (0 bytes).
    Note: The reasons why Turms does not implement heartbeat through WebSocket's PING/PONG are:
    • The time interval for sending PING frames implemented by each browser's WebSocket is different.
    • The upper layer code cannot control the behavior of PING/PONG, or even perceive the occurrence of the behavior.
    • The heartbeat logic at the network level should not be coupled with the heartbeat at the application layer.
    
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    Metrics ​
    Reference: Observability System
    Network Connection Metrics ​
    Each client of Turms will provide metrics related to the network connection. Developers can get the metrics through turmsClient.driver.connectionMetrics. This object contains the following data:
    Data point nameUnitMeaning
    addressResolverTimemillisecondsThe domain name resolution time. 
    turms-client-js does not provide this data
    connectTimemillisecondsFor non-turms-client-js clients, this data refers to the time spent in TCP handshake;
    For turms-client-js clients, this data refers to the total time of domain name resolution, TCP handshake, TLS handshake, and establishment of WebSocket connection
    tlsHandshakeTimemillisecondsTLS handshake time. 
    turms-client-js/swift does not provide this data
    dataReceivedbytesFor non-turms-client-js clients, this data refers to the number of data bytes received by the TCP connection;
    For turms-client-js clients, this data refers to the bytes of the binary frame received by the WebSocket connection
    dataSentbytesFor non-turms-client-js clients, this data refers to the number of data bytes sent by the TCP connection;
    For turms-client-js clients, this data refers to the bytes of the binary frame received by the WebSocket connection
    Business Request Metrics ​
    TODO
    
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 }
  • For projects using turms-client-swift: In Xcode, specify the local turms-client-swift folder path through the Frameworks, Libraries, and Embedded Content under the General tab and add it.
  • For projects using turms-client-dart: add the following dependencies to your project's pubspec.yaml:
    yaml
    dependencies:
   turms_client_dart:
     path: <YOUR_OWN_DIR>/turms_client_dart
  • Write business logic code
    • 
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    Version Requirements ​
    The minimum requirements for the version of the Turms client are mainly based on three factors: the global market share of the platform, the minimum supported version of TLSv1.2 on the platform, and the elegance of code implementation. In addition, Turms does not provide official support for obsolete protocols such as TLSv1 and TLSv1.1.
    PlatformMinimum supported versionReason
    Android21+Considering the market share of 21+ and the elegance of code implementation, it supports 21+
    iOS12.0+Considering the global market share of iOS 12.0+ and the habits of Apple product users, turms-client-swift adopts NWConnection to implement the TCP protocol, so the device version requirements are equivalent to those of devices supporting NWConnection. 
    In addition, turms-client-swift will not consider using the ancient CFStreamCreatePairWithSocketToHost to implement the TCP protocol.
    BrowserBrowser that supports WebSocket protocolFor IE browsers, turms-client-js only provides official support for IE 11. 
    Also, turms-client-js will not downgrade WebSocket to polling.
    Desktopturms-client-kotlin(JDK8+)
    turms-client-js(Node.js 8+)    		If you use turms-client-kotlin, the JDK version is required to be 8(+), because JDK 8+ provides support for TLSv1.2 by default. 
    Turms provides official support for Node.js 8+ if you use turms-client-js.
    Note:
    • turms-client-kotlin uses Socket instead of SocketChannel. The main reason is that the Android SDK does not provide a set of standard TLS protocol implementations for SocketChannel, which needs to be implemented by itself. Considering the variety of Android systems and the limited system functions (especially compared to server-side implementations), self-implementation of the TLS protocol can easily lead to various unexpected bugs, so use Socket to implement the official TLS protocol .
    
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    Session Lifecycle ​
    The session lifecycle of the Turms client is relatively easy to understand. Specifically: first set up a connection on the network layer through driver.connect(...), and then log in on the business level through userService.login(...) , after successful login, the corresponding session is established. Finally, the session close notification is sent to the server through the userService.logout(...) method, and the network layer connection is also closed.
    In order to keep the logic simple, it is also convenient for upper-level developers to combine various logics by themselves. Turms does not provide operations such as automatic reconnection and automatic routing, because on one hand developers can easily implement such logic themselves, and on the other hand, such "hidden" internal logic can make it difficult for upper-level developers to control low-level driver behavior and can sometimes become a stumbling block.
    Note: Similar to the session close mechanism based on the close frame in WebSocket, when Turms server closes a session, it also notifies the client that the session has been closed through a session close signal, and after the signal is flushed, it notifies the underlying WebSocket/TCP to close the connection. Turms server does not need to wait for any response from the client regarding the session close signal, and the client does not send any response to the server regarding the session close signal.
    Lifecycle Callback Hooks ​
    LayerNameInvocation TimingReminder
    Network layerdriver.addOnConnectedListenerWhen the network layer connection is establishedUsually you don't need to add connection event listeners through addOnConnectedListener,
    but run custom code after the successful asynchronous execution of driver.connect(...).
    Network layerdriver.addOnDisconnectedListenerWhen the network layer connection is disconnected
    Business logic layeruserService.addOnOnlineListenerWhen the session is established, i.e., when the user logs inUsually you don't need to add online event listeners through addOnOnlineListener,
    but run custom code after the successful asynchronous execution of userService.login(...).
    Business logic layeruserService.addOnOfflineListenerWhen the session is disconnected, i.e., when the user logs out
    
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    Turms Chat Demo ​
    Background ​
    Initially, our plan was to let users to reuse existing XMPP clients by making turms-gateway support the XMPP protocol. However, both paid and free XMPP clients have generally low quality, mainly due to the following reasons:
    1. Most XMPP client projects have poor code quality, especially early client engineers who lack coding skills. They often mix complex UI logic with business logic (e.g., the famous open-source project JMeter), making it difficult for redevelopment. It is better to rewrite them from scratch.
    2. Both commercial and open-source XMPP clients have UI designs that are at an amateur level. If a client project lacks a professional UI, we doubt the capabilities of their frontend engineers and UI designers (a competent intermediate frontend engineer should be capable of designing a single product UI independently). We do not recommend users to adopt their solutions.
    3. There is hardly any open-source XMPP client that supports a complete cross-platform solution.
    4. Many low-quality XMPP clients even require payment.
    Considering that developing a cross-platform IM application is not difficult and mainly involves manual work, and that IM application UI and functionalities are highly generic (researching 10 commercial IM applications in the market would reveal that at least 9 of them have similar UI and functionalities), we decided to first provide the IM client demo turms-chat-demo-flutter for Turms users to use or redevelopment. We will support the XMPP protocol later.
    Roadmap ​
    • November-December 2023: Complete desktop UI design; set up Flutter project framework; develop and test basic desktop components; complete Windows UI development and testing.
    • December 2023-January 2024: Adapt the UI for MacOS; develop and test basic mobile components; complete Android UI development and testing.
    • January-February 2024: Adapt the UI for iOS.
    • February-March 2024: Develop the UI for the web.
    • March-April 2024: Integrate turms-client-dart and implement IM business logic (the above tasks only involve UI development and testing, excluding business logic).
    Note:
    • Considering other tasks, holidays, and work situations at Turms, the above timeline may be subject to slight changes.
    • There is no plan to support mini programs.
    Introduction ​
    We want to emphasize the term demo in the project name. This term mainly has the following meanings:
    1. Whether from a product perspective or a technical perspective, this client "demo" is just one of the "possible" solutions. Users should not limit their ability to design their own IM products because of this "demo." Especially, do not assume that Turms' server is customized for this "demo." As repeatedly mentioned in the Turms documentation, Turms is a generic IM solution dedicated to solving various IM scenarios.
    2. Prepare for users' further development. This mainly involves three aspects: 
      1. Separation of UI and business logic. This allows teams that need to do redevelopment to reuse the UI to implement their own business logic. Readers can even use the turms-chat-demo-flutter project without the Turms server, but instead use their own self-developed IM server.
      2. We continue to use the permissive Apache 2.0 license instead of the more restrictive GPL license commonly used in client open-source projects.
      3. Since the UI design of IM applications worldwide is very similar, this demo will also implement most of the generic UI and logic for IM. It generally does not provide more customized logic to facilitate redevelopment by other teams.
    Note: demo does not imply "low quality." Readers will understand this by examining the code quality and UI design later.
    Redevelopment ​
    Due to the numerous design patterns for Flutter applications, many applications lack a unified design, resulting in multiple conflicting designs within a single application, making the architecture look very chaotic.
    In order to unify the architecture and code design of this application, making it easier for readers to read the code and engineers to add code, this chapter explains the project's state management and architecture.
    State Management ​
    There are many state management solutions for Flutter, with at least dozens of them. For application-level state management, turms-chat-demo-flutter adopts the mainstream, Flutter officially recommended, more in line with Flutter's own design, and actively updated solution, which is Riverpod.
    Although there are other state management solutions for Flutter, either they introduce unnecessary complexity (such as Bloc), or they are too invasive (such as GetX), or they have significant differences from Flutter's native style, or they are not updated for a long time, or they are more experimental. Therefore, they are not adopted.
    In addition, besides using Riverpod to implement state management, this application also uses it to implement dependency injection.
    Architecture ​
    Not only are there many design patterns for Flutter application architecture, but there are also multiple ways to practice the same architecture design. Based on the design tradition of Flutter applications, this project chooses the most suitable architecture design pattern for its own situation:
    For application-level architecture design: based on Riverpod, adopting a hybrid architecture design of MVC+S and MVVM.
    • Model => Repository: Responsible for interacting with external data source interfaces for CRUD operations.
    • View => Widget: Responsible for UI presentation.
    • Controller + View Model => Controller: Responsible for receiving user input and performing business logic based on services; manages the business state of business components for UI presentation.
    • Service: Responsible for executing business logic, connected to controller above and repository below. It is not called a common domain because domain is a vague term that can refer to not only service but also repository, and even both controller, service, and repository at the same time, representing the "business domain".
    Note:
    • The controller mentioned in this chapter is the controller in the application architecture layers, not the controller of Flutter widgets, such as AnimationController.
    • In some Flutter projects, the controller is not only a controller but also a view model. In this application, the controller is just a controller, but it also includes view models, which are states.
    • Complex projects may adopt a 5-layer architecture, namely: View, Controller, Service, Repository, Data Source. However, this application has relatively simple logic, so it only adopts a 3-layer or 4-layer architecture, namely: View, Controller, Service (optional), Repository.
    • If readers read open-source desktop projects with a history of more than 10 years, you may often find that the model class of such projects may contain more complex business logic.
      This is because in early desktop development and object-oriented design, model is a more comprehensive concept, often referring to both the more common model/entity (data model, which does not include data processing logic or only includes basic data processing logic) and repository (the repository layer for obtaining, processing, and responding with data). However, because such a design obviously does not conform to the design principle of Separation of Concerns, reliable modern projects will not adopt such a design.
    Directory Structure ​
    Based on the above architecture design, the directory structure of this project is roughly as follows:
    • ui 
      • components: Shared UI widgets such as buttons, tabs, etc.
      • screens: Application pages. Each page includes not only Widgets but also their respective controllers.
      • themes: Themes.
    • domain 
      • user 
        • services
        • repositories
      • message 
        • services
        • repositories
      • ...
    • infra: 
      • preferences: Manage local application configurations.
      • routes: Routes.
      • window: Manage desktop windows.
      • ...
    
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    Turms Chat Demo ​
    Background ​
    Initially, our plan was to let users to reuse existing XMPP clients by making turms-gateway support the XMPP protocol. However, both paid and free XMPP clients have generally low quality, mainly due to the following reasons:
    1. Most XMPP client projects have poor code quality, especially early client engineers who lack coding skills. They often mix complex UI logic with business logic (e.g., the famous open-source project JMeter), making it difficult for redevelopment. It is better to rewrite them from scratch.
    2. Both commercial and open-source XMPP clients have UI designs that are at an amateur level. If a client project lacks a professional UI, we doubt the capabilities of their frontend engineers and UI designers (a competent intermediate frontend engineer should be capable of designing a single product UI independently). We do not recommend users to adopt their solutions.
    3. There is hardly any open-source XMPP client that supports a complete cross-platform solution.
    4. Many low-quality XMPP clients even require payment.
    Considering that developing a cross-platform IM application is not difficult and mainly involves manual work, and that IM application UI and functionalities are highly generic (researching 10 commercial IM applications in the market would reveal that at least 9 of them have similar UI and functionalities), we decided to first provide the IM client demo turms-chat-demo-flutter for Turms users to use or redevelopment. We will support the XMPP protocol later.
    Roadmap ​
    • November-December 2023: Complete desktop UI design; set up Flutter project framework; develop and test basic desktop components; complete Windows UI development and testing.
    • December 2023-January 2024: Adapt the UI for MacOS; develop and test basic mobile components; complete Android UI development and testing.
    • January-February 2024: Adapt the UI for iOS.
    • February-March 2024: Develop the UI for the web.
    • March-April 2024: Integrate turms-client-dart and implement IM business logic (the above tasks only involve UI development and testing, excluding business logic).
    Note:
    • Considering other tasks, holidays, and work situations at Turms, the above timeline may be subject to slight changes.
    • There is no plan to support mini programs.
    Introduction ​
    We want to emphasize the term demo in the project name. This term mainly has the following meanings:
    1. Whether from a product perspective or a technical perspective, this client "demo" is just one of the "possible" solutions. Users should not limit their ability to design their own IM products because of this "demo." Especially, do not assume that Turms' server is customized for this "demo." As repeatedly mentioned in the Turms documentation, Turms is a generic IM solution dedicated to solving various IM scenarios.
    2. Prepare for users' further development. This mainly involves three aspects: 
      1. Separation of UI and business logic. This allows teams that need to do redevelopment to reuse the UI to implement their own business logic. Readers can even use the turms-chat-demo-flutter project without the Turms server, but instead use their own self-developed IM server.
      2. We continue to use the permissive Apache 2.0 license instead of the more restrictive GPL license commonly used in client open-source projects.
      3. Since the UI design of IM applications worldwide is very similar, this demo will also implement most of the generic UI and logic for IM. It generally does not provide more customized logic to facilitate redevelopment by other teams.
    Note: demo does not imply "low quality." Readers will understand this by examining the code quality and UI design later.
    Redevelopment ​
    Due to the numerous design patterns for Flutter applications, many applications lack a unified design, resulting in multiple conflicting designs within a single application, making the architecture look very chaotic.
    In order to unify the architecture and code design of this application, making it easier for readers to read the code and engineers to add code, this chapter explains the project's state management and architecture.
    State Management ​
    There are many state management solutions for Flutter, with at least dozens of them. For application-level state management, turms-chat-demo-flutter adopts the mainstream, Flutter officially recommended, more in line with Flutter's own design, and actively updated library, which is Riverpod.
    Although there are other state management solutions for Flutter, either they introduce unnecessary complexity (such as Bloc), or they are too invasive (such as GetX), or they have significant differences from Flutter's native style, or they are not updated for a long time, or they are more experimental. Therefore, they are not adopted.
    In addition, besides using Riverpod to implement state management, this application also uses it to implement dependency injection.
    Architecture ​
    Not only are there many design patterns for Flutter application architecture, but there are also multiple ways to practice the same architecture design. Based on the design tradition of Flutter applications, this project chooses the most suitable architecture design pattern for its own situation:
    For application-level architecture design: based on Riverpod, adopting a hybrid architecture design of MVC+S and MVVM.
    • Model => Repository: Responsible for interacting with external data source interfaces for CRUD operations.
    • View => Widget: Responsible for UI presentation.
    • Controller + View Model:
      • Controller: Responsible for receiving user input and executing business logic based on services; manages the business state of business components for display on the UI layer.
      • View Model: Responsible for storing various states and notifying listeners (observer pattern) when the state changes.
    • Service: Responsible for executing business logic, connected to controller above and repository below. It is not called a common domain because domain is a vague term that can refer to not only service but also repository, and even both controller, service, and repository at the same time, representing the "business domain".
    Note:
    • The controller mentioned in this chapter is the controller in the application architecture layers, not the controller of Flutter widgets, such as AnimationController.
    • In some Flutter projects, the controller is not only a controller but also a view model. In this application, the controller is just a controller, but it also includes view models, which are states.
    • Complex projects may adopt a 5-layer architecture, namely: View, Controller, Service, Repository, Data Source. However, this application has relatively simple logic, so it only adopts a 3-layer or 4-layer architecture, namely: View, Controller, Service (optional), Repository.
    • If readers read open-source desktop projects with a history of more than 10 years, you may often find that the model class of such projects may contain more complex business logic.
      This is because in early desktop development and object-oriented design, the Model was a more comprehensive concept, often referring to what is now more commonly known as Model/Entity (data model, which does not contain data processing logic, or only contains basic data processing logic) and Repository (the storage layer for obtaining, processing, and responding to data).
      On one hand, such a design clearly does not conform to the design principle of Separation of Concerns.
      On the other hand, we often say that class design should be highly cohesive and loosely coupled. However, if we take classes as points and the class hierarchy as a plane (one manifestation is the directory structure), mixing data models with repository layer logic can also lead to low cohesion and high coupling in code layers. This is an anti-paradigm design caused by ignorance, rather than a consciously anti-paradigm design.
      Therefore, reliable modern projects no longer adopt such designs.
      • Some Flutter projects' Controllers are not just Controllers, but also (are) View Models. But their disadvantages are as mentioned above.
      So in this application, the Controller is just a Controller, and it can contain (has) zero to multiple View Models, i.e., States.
      • Many excellent design concepts are interchangeable, only the specific terms may differ. In the field of web applications, when we design UI components, we usually distinguish between Smart Components (those that contain logic, especially business logic) and Dumb Components (those that do not contain logic, or only contain very simple logic). The View mentioned in turms-chat-demo is a Dumb Component, and the combination of View and Controller constitutes Smart Components.
    Directory Structure ​
    Based on the above architecture design, the directory structure of this project is roughly as follows:
    • ui 
      • components: Shared UI widgets such as buttons, tabs, etc.
      • screens: Application pages. Each page includes not only Widgets but also their respective controllers.
      • themes: Themes.
    • domain 
      • user 
        • services
        • repositories
      • message 
        • services
        • repositories
      • ...
    • infra: 
      • preferences: Manage local application configurations.
      • routes: Routes.
      • window: Manage desktop windows.
      • ...
    UI components have a many-to-many relationship with the domain, which is why the turms-chat-demo does not place UI components and business domains in the same level directory like many other applications do.
    IPC ​
    The IPC in turms-chat-demo is implemented using the WebSocket protocol and JSON-RPC 2.0 transfer format for features such as singleton application, automatic updates, and communication with third-party applications.
    The reasons for not using Unix Domain Sockets are:
    • Windows platform itself has many bugs related to Unix Sockets.
      For example:
    • To reduce unnecessary development and maintenance costs. Since both MacOS and Windows do not support the Abstract Namespace feature, it is necessary to rely on the file system:
      • Unix Socket Domain requires that the file path length character count must not exceed 108 characters (null-terminated string). To ensure the robustness of the program, various fallbacks are naturally required, leading to cumbersome code.
      • If turms-chat-demo is not properly closed (e.g., the user's computer crashes), the Unix Domain Socket in the file system will not be automatically deleted. Therefore, it is necessary to check whether the Unix Domain Socket corresponding file is still valid, and different implementations are required for different platforms. For example, for Linux and MacOS platforms, unlink the file before the server Socket bind. For the Windows platform, create a temporary file first, and during program execution, lock it. If the Unix Domain Socket file exists and the temporary file is also locked, it indicates a valid Socket; otherwise, it is invalid. Of course, this is just a rough implementation idea, and due to different platform implementation details and varying bugs in different versions of the Windows platform, extensive testing and adaptation are still needed.
    • Poor scalability. For specific reasons, see below.
    The reasons for using WebSocket + JSON-RPC 2.0 are:
    • Dart officially provides the ready-made json_rpc_2 library, which supports WebSocket + JSON-RPC 2.0, so adopting this solution has almost no maintenance cost for us.
    • Although turms-chat-demo itself needs to use IPC operations, the usage frequency is extremely low, so there is no need to pursue extreme performance like the Turms servers.
    • It is convenient for third-party applications to call turms-chat-demo based on WebSocket + JSON-RPC 2.0.
    • There are a large number of client tools on the Internet that support the WebSocket protocol and JSON format, and it is easy to debug the IPC features of turms-chat-demo based on these tools.
    Text Editing ​
    Text Editor Library Ecosystem ​
    • appflowy_editor. appflowy_editor is undoubtedly the most feature-rich and highest-quality text editor in the Flutter community. However, it uses a dual open-source license, one of which is AGPL. Therefore, it is not considered.
    • flutter_quill: Ignoring the numerous bugs in this dependency library, it basically meets the main functional requirements of turms-chat-demo. However, the maintainer's programming skills are poor, and the code is a typical example of spaghetti code. The maintainer is not yet qualified, so there is no intention to expand its features, and the project is not considered.
    • super_editor: The project has high code quality, but it does not support many basic text editing features (as of March 2024), such as redo/undo and inline images. It is better to use Flutter's built-in TextField directly.
    In summary, considering that there is no reliable open-source text editor available, Flutter's built-in TextField is used.
    Chat Text Protocol ​
    Should Support for a Single Message to Display Multiple Videos and Images or Not ​
    Supporting the display of multiple videos and images in a single message is not user-friendly in terms of UI design and software performance.
    On one hand, when displaying a message in the UI, the size of the message must be constant. Otherwise, if the size changes with the loading status of the message, such as during loading or failure, it would be a very bad user experience. To ensure that the size of the message does not change with the message status, the overall size of the message must be confirmed when displaying the message UI.
    To confirm the size of the rich text message, either the sender or the server must confirm the size of all thumbnails of images and videos during the message sending process and record this size as part of the message, which is then transmitted to the recipient. However, this approach is inflexible, as any change in thumbnail size would invalidate the previous size records.
    Alternatively, the recipient must wait for all thumbnails in a message to be downloaded before determining the size of the message based on the thumbnails and then displaying it in the UI. This approach has two significant drawbacks: first, the recipient must wait for all thumbnails to be downloaded before the client can display the message, increasing the message delay. Second, if some thumbnails in a single message fail to download, the client cannot obtain the complete size of the message. In this case, to still display the message, placeholder text or images must be used. Since the download failed, there should naturally be a way to provide users with the option to re-download the failed thumbnails. However, when re-downloading the failed thumbnails, the overall size of the message will change, leading to changes in the size of the entire message list, which is not an elegant UI design.
    Considering the library ecosystem of text editors and the development cost and schedule of a self-developed text editor, rich text is not currently supported.
    It is worth mentioning that some chat applications developed by junior engineers may dare to implement various complex UI displays. This is because junior engineers usually only consider the simple functional requirements of their own business area, especially without knowing the existence of the concept of "non-functional requirements." In contrast, senior engineers will comprehensively consider requirements from the perspectives of product demand, front-end UI design, backend architecture design, operational costs, the current system architecture and its evolution direction, and even compliance.
    Text Protocol ​
    Note: The text editor in turms-chat-demo is a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editor, so regardless of how the application's text protocol is designed, it is imperceptible to users.
    The design of turms-chat-demo's text transmission protocol is inspired by Markdown. The general design idea is: if a certain style has already been defined by standard Markdown, then reuse Markdown's text protocol format. If a certain style is not defined by standard Markdown, then add custom text protocol formats based on Markdown's design ideas.
    The various files in the message, such as images, audio, video, etc., correspond to the URLs of the resources.
    turms-chat-demo itself will display the corresponding UI components based on the suffix of the resource URL. Additionally, turms-chat-demo does not judge whether the resource URL belongs to a specific server, as our intention is to display resources from any source. If the reader wishes to parse resources only from a specific server and display non-matching resources as plain text, the source code needs to be modified to determine the source of the resource based on the URL or the SSL certificate of the resource provider.
    Emoji ​
    turms-chat-demo uses the system's built-in Emoji font, namely:
    • On Linux platforms, the Noto Color Emoji font is used.
    • On Apple platforms, the Apple Color Emoji font is used.
    • On Windows platforms, the Segoe UI Emoji font is used.
    The reason for this approach is that, as of March 2024, there is no high-quality, clearly free-for-commercial-use Emoji font available on the entire Internet (Note: All Turms projects, including turms-chat-demo itself, are open-source and free for commercial use).
    Therefore, using the built-in Emoji fonts of each system to display Emojis avoids copyright-related issues. The only drawback is that the display effect of the same Emoji character varies across different platforms.
    Sticky ​
    Implemented based on the developer HTTP interface of the most popular global emoji library GIPHY.
    Thumbnails ​
    Since Turms currently does not have a dedicated media server (Media Service), and generating thumbnails on the server also requires a lot of resources and costs, turms-chat-demo adopts a compromise solution. That is, when uploading images or videos in a message, turms-chat-demo first requests upload information from the Turms server. The Turms server will guide turms-chat-demo on how to generate the corresponding thumbnail in the response, and turms-chat-demo will generate the required thumbnail according to the instructions and upload both the generated thumbnail and the original image or video to the corresponding OSS service.
    
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    Turms Documentation

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    Community ​

    FAQ ​

    Why does Issues use English? ​

    The fundamental reason: Issues are written in a single language to facilitate searching. During the use of Issues, encountering open source projects that use multiple languages is the most troublesome because when searching for a problem, such as "How is the blocklist mechanism implemented in the Turms server", for bilingual projects, we usually need to search for both "黑名单" and "blocklist" keywords. In other words, at least two searches are needed to ensure that all related Issues are found, resulting in a poor user search experience. However, if Issues are only in English, users only need to search for the "blocklist" keyword.

    Secondary reason: using English facilitates global open source and promotion, while using non-English languages goes against our open source philosophy.

    In addition, we do not exclude users from submitting Issues in non-English languages, but encourage them to use English more often. However, we will always reply in English.

    Why are There no QQ Groups, WeChat Groups, Slack Channels, or Other Groups? ​

    Using various groups for issues management and discussion is a very bad practice, and issues management should have been prioritized using GitHub's Issues. The reasons for this are as follows.

    • Issues allows for focused discussion on a single issue
    • It is easy for later users to search for issues
    • Developers can do task tracking through Issues
    • Users can view the progress of various tasks through Issues, open and transparent

    However, various groups cannot achieve the above functions. On the contrary, various groups are a manifestation of closed project information and go against the purpose of open source. Some open source projects will intentionally block the flow of information to earn consultation or service fees, but this is not the purpose of Turms.

    In practice, groups and even video conferences are more often used for quick discussions among developers internally, especially in the early stages of drafting, but the final results of the discussion and the key issues involved are still recorded in Issues or documents to facilitate users and developers to understand the ins and outs of a problem.

    Can I Ask "Newbie Questions"? ​

    There are no so-called "newbie questions" in the Turms project, only "questions related to the Turms project" and "questions unrelated to the Turms project." Everyone may appear "not very professional" when they encounter a new field, and as newcomers, we hope that there will be more goodwill and tolerance from people in this field. Similarly, as long as it is a question related to the Turms project, we will reply. And when encountering "basic questions", we usually think not "this question is terrible," but "can we add some documents, or optimize the documents to provide more guidance to new users". Therefore, users do not need to worry about asking so-called "newbie questions."

    In addition, there is an attitude problem. As long as everyone respects each other, any question can be discussed. The common unacceptable attitudes are: 1. Not reading the documentation, not checking Issues first, and not willing to think before asking directly; 2. Condescending.

    Of course, learning how to ask questions is also a very interesting thing. For details, please refer to "How To Ask Questions The Smart Way".

    Can Responses Generated by a Model Similar to ChatGPT be Used for Discussion? ​

    ChatGPT is an excellent memorizer, but its analysis of various technical solutions is quite naive. Engaging in discussions with ChatGPT responses only reflects a lack of critical thinking and a lack of responsibility towards the projects. Therefore, whether we should answer such responses depends on the proportion of responses after removing ChatGPT answers.

    Let me mention why we pay so much attention to the issue of "attitude." In fact, engineers with work experience have probably had similar experiences: their work depends on the cooperation of other teams. Although certain tasks may be technically simple, they can become stalled due to the laziness and negative cooperation of other team members, making progress on their own projects extremely difficult. Therefore, in projects that require team collaboration, addressing technically manageable issues on one's own is usually the easiest part, while motivating and coordinating various project teams to work together and complete tasks by the deadline is the most challenging and demanding aspect.

    Some engineers without work experience might consider technical expertise as the primary survival skill for engineers. However, a responsible attitude is actually the most critical survival skill in the workplace or community (of course, if someone is genuinely responsible for a project, their technical skills won't be lacking either). Apart from specific domains, for most projects, the technical competence displayed by most qualified engineers is quite similar. The real differentiation lies in their level of dedication and responsibility towards a project.

    Therefore, to demonstrate a responsible attitude, please refrain from directly using ChatGPT generated responses to participate in discussions.

    How to Identify Responses Generated by a Model Similar to ChatGPT ​

    1. The writing style generated by GPT is often too apparent and can be manually recognized.
    2. Use the open-source model from Hugging Face, Hello-SimpleAI/chatgpt-detector-roberta, to detect responses generated by ChatGPT-like models online.
    3. Even as GPT continues to develop and display more diverse writing styles, there are now many pre-trained language models and various corpora available. Therefore, it's possible to train a new model to detect GPT-like responses based on transfer learning. This process can be relatively fast, taking just one day, or slower, taking 2-3 days.

    About Upstream First ​

    Directly interacting with the open source community and solving problems at the source is called upstream first.

    For Turms, upstream first mainly involves two aspects: communication and code feedback.

    • Communication: Before doing a feature or fixing a bug, it is best to open an issue on GitHub in advance. Some features may seem common and easy to implement, but Turms currently does not have them implemented. It's possible that this seemingly simple feature often involves many details, such as:

      • Are there any other related or extended requirements for this requirement?
      • Can this requirement be implemented in this way? Can all related features be implemented in this way? Does the code implementation need to be separate? Is the code implementation universal? Can this template implement almost all related requirements?
      • Can it be implemented in both single-machine and distributed scenarios?
      • From a different business perspective or technical perspective, is there a better design and implementation?

      Therefore, a "seemingly" simple requirement may involve a large amount of requirement analysis and technical analysis. If developers silently implement some features locally, they will face a series of issues mentioned above when giving back the code. If major design problems are discovered during the implementation at this time, some previous efforts may be wasted (of course, there are still gains, at least knowing that "there is room for optimization in the current solution"). Therefore, when facing complex features, developers should be mentally prepared for "design may be overturned repeatedly."

      To minimize this situation, when designing and implementing complex features, it is best for developers to initiate a new discussion in Issue, so as to reduce the number of times of design being overturned and save developers' time and effort.

      Note: Sometimes, even if the design is completed in advance, more ingenious designs may be discovered during the implementation, and the more complex the function, the more design iterations it usually involves. However, these "overturned/half-overturned" iterations are best discussed and developed repeatedly before the code is released, rather than discovering them after the code is released.

      Note: Because of the complexity of requirements, many "seemingly" issues on GitHub Issues are in "pending". Many feature-related issues are just seeds that developers need to do more detailed requirement analysis, design, and coding, and the most difficult thing is usually requirement analysis, which needs to clarify "what needs to be done", and developers need to consider both current and future requirements, and prevent over-design. This is also why Turms documentation mentions several times that "the design and implementation of IM business functions are far more difficult than the design and implementation of technology middleware".

    • Reduce your maintenance costs and facilitate the continuous merging of upstream updates. If a developer forks the Turms project for complex secondary development, they will face a long-term maintenance problem: if the developer wants to use upstream's new code, they need to constantly adapt their own branch, and the faster upstream Turms server updates, the greater the developer's adaptation workload. There may even be logical conflicts that the developer is not aware of.

      On the contrary, if developers give back the code to upstream, such problems will not occur. Because we will not only maintain these feedbacked codes together, but also consider whether these new designs and these feedbacked codes are consistent in design when designing other new related functional modules for Turms.

    • Reduce maintenance conflicts and avoid overturning local implementations repeatedly. Developers may have added some new features or fixed some bugs locally, but have not given back. After a period of time, developers may find that upstream considers the functionality they have implemented to be more thoughtful and complete, and the bug fixes are more ingenious (readers can read about the difficulty of Turms server-side bugs in Task Difficulty). Ultimately, developers have to revert all their original work, then re-pull upstream and start over again. The workload among them is painful to think about, and the more developers change locally, the more conflicts there may be.

    About Contacting Turms Author for Private Chat and Custom Development ​

    If readers' teams are interested in doing redevelopment themselves, they can directly refer to the article on Redevelopment.

    For users who wish to pay Turms' author for custom development, it's worth noting that Turms' author generally only accepts unpaid development for common needs (yes, generally, only unpaid development for the community). The reason for this is quite simple; Turms' author doesn't lack money, and even if the Turms project incurs a loss of several tens of thousands of Chinese yuan every year, we can still ensure the continuous operation of the Turms project because we never intended to profit from it in the first place. So, either we will only accept a very high offer that's hard to refuse, or we will only accept unpaid development for the community.

    Therefore, unless you are prepared to offer a very high price, it's not advisable to try to contact Turms' author for custom development. If you genuinely want Turms' author to prioritize fulfilling your requirements, you can describe your needs clearly and post them in Issues, and then we will schedule them based on the cost-effectiveness of the requirements and your respect for the requirements you've proposed.

    Of course, if you are even willing to pay a high fee for custom development to Turms' author, I also recommend considering commercial solutions directly, even though their development level, work attitude, and work responsibility are probably not as good as Turms' author. Of course, this mainly depends on which country and company's solution you decide to adopt.

    Compared to free development, custom development differs in the following aspects:

    • A complete, phased project schedule will be provided, including design, development, testing, delivery, and so on.

    • Assistance with designing requirements. Readers might wonder why they need Turms' author to design requirements if they already want custom developmpent. This is much like what Henry Ford said, "If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses." What users ask for may not necessarily be what they truly need, and having insights into users' real needs is one of the essential skills required for engineers.

    • Guaranteed fixed working hours. During this time, only project-related custom design, development, testing, deployment, and addressing various questions will be done.

      Of course, all of the above is done by Turms' author during their off-hours.

    If some users are concerned that Turms' author might intentionally slow down the development and release progress of the features they want due to not having paid, this won't happen either, because Turms' author doesn't lack money and doesn't intend to profit from open-source, so there's no motivation to intentionally delay.

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    Architecture Design ​

    Architecture Features ​

    Common Architecture Features ​

    1. (Agility) Support updating Turms servers without the users' awareness of shutdown to support rapid iteration
    2. (Scalability) The Turms server is stateless to be scaled out; Support multi-active across data centers
    3. (Deployability) Support container deployment to facilitate integration (CI/CD) with cloud services. Turms provides three solutions for container deployment out of the box: Docker image, Docker compose file, and Terraform module
    4. (Observability) Support relatively complete features of observability for business analysis and troubleshoot
    5. (Scalability) Support medium to large scale instant messaging applications, and there is no need to refactor even if the application becomes large from medium-scale (There is still a lot of optimization work to be done for large applications, but Turms servers are easy to upgrade)
    6. (Security) Support API throttling and global user/IP blocklist to resist most CC attacks
    7. (Simplicity) The Turms architecture is lightweight, which makes Turms easy to learn and redevelop. Please refer to Turms Architecture Design for details)
    8. Turms depends on the MongoDB sharded cluster to support request routing (such as read-write separation) and tiered storage for medium to large scale applications

    Architecture Description ​

    Reference Architecture Diagram

    Architecture Differences with Other IM Projects ​

    Like the code implementation of Turms server, the architecture design of Turms is also very lean. Whenever possible, services are not split, and external services are not introduced unnecessarily. This is reflected in:

    • In the architecture design of some IM projects, they will separate the three major functions of session management, relayed message cache, and message sending in turms-gateway into three independent services to achieve business decoupling and traffic shaping. However, compared with the architecture of Turms, this approach adds two more failure points, increases development and operation difficulty, and requires RPC operations, resulting in lower throughput. Specifically:

      In terms of business decoupling, some IM projects will use the queue of the relayed messages to implement asynchronous consumption of downstream consumers for various statistical functions. However, using data from consuming the message queue to perform message statistics is a poor design. A more comprehensive, professional, and easy-to-implement solution is to use distributed collection and analysis of business logs (such as the AWS-based CloudWatch Logs => Kinesis Firehose => S3 => Athena/QuickSight solution), which is explained in detail in the log section of the observability system. The logic between session management and message sending in turms-gateway is not complex, so there is little benefit to decoupling, and no such requirement exists.

      In terms of traffic shaping, cloud services with elastic scaling (Auto Scaling) are better suited to implement traffic shaping than message queues (such as Kafka, RocketMQ, or other cloud services). Various cloud service providers provide resource monitoring functions, and elastic scaling services can automatically scale resources based on various system metrics (such as CPU/memory utilization) and custom other metrics (such as the number of online users), and automatically release resources when idle, which is more in line with modern operation and maintenance. Taking AWS cloud services as an example, operations staff can use CloudWatch to monitor the above Turms server metrics and cooperate with Application Auto Scaling for automated server resource scaling. If operations staff is familiar with these operations, from purchasing these cloud services from scratch to completing configuration, it may only take 3-10 minutes.

      In terms of high availability, some IM architectures will use highly available (multi-AZ deployment) message queue cloud services and self-developed message sending services to consume the queue to ensure that notifications are not lost. However, in the architecture design of Turms, even if the Turms message push service server turms-gateway is forcibly closed (such as hardware failure, server crash), the Turms server cluster can self-heal. And because in the Turms process design, the application developed based on the Turms client itself needs to send requests and synchronize data with the newly connected Turms server every time it reconnects (corresponding to the callback turmsClient.userService.addOnOnlineListener(...)), messages and statuses will not be lost due to turms-gateway crashes or network disconnections.

      The reason why some IM projects insist on decoupling and introducing message queues, even when there are only tens of thousands or less online users, is simply to enhance their resumes and increase their irreplaceability, adding unnecessary technologies to the project and engaging in excessive design.

      Generally, only in the cloud architecture design of small and medium-sized IM scenarios based on serverless architecture can message queues play the most significant role. Still, even in such scenarios, as mentioned above, users can send notifications to AWS SQS to ensure high availability of message services and use Lambda functions to push messages to ensure that notifications are not lost. In this type of architecture design, users do not have self-developed services.

      In addition, the reason why serverless architecture is most suitable for small and medium-sized IM scenarios is that:

      • Lambda services have many quota restrictions, see Lambda quotas.

      • Compared with developing based on serverless architecture, designing and implementing self-developed IM services will be much simpler and more controllable. Blindly pursuing more "fashionable" serverless architecture may not be progress, but regression.

    • In the architecture design of some IM projects, they will separate session management into two services: network connection management and session logic management to ensure that when updating the session logic management service during downtime, the client does not need to disconnect from the network connection management service. However, considering that turms-gateway has almost no session business logic, and the existing business logic is very fixed, the main business logic is implemented in turms-service. Therefore, there is little need for turms-gateway to update the business logic during downtime, and thus splitting network connection management and session logic management into two independent services would add more failure points, result in performance degradation, and have little benefit for Turms. Therefore, Turms architecture design does not currently split session management into separate services.

      Notes:

      • The reason why the code implementation of Turms server is also very lean is because of the Basic Development Conventions.
      • In fact, in the early design of Turms, it considered not using distributed memory services like Redis, but adopted another common distributed memory implementation solution, which is to use a design similar to distributed map in Hazelcast or distributed cache in Ignite to enable Turms servers to synchronize data through distributed maps, thereby reducing dependence on external services. However, considering the high availability design of the cluster, the release process design of Turms server itself, etc., Redis was ultimately introduced to implement distributed memory.

    Relationship Between Turms Architecture and Cloud Architecture ​

    As of 2022, AWS is still the top cloud provider in terms of global market share, so the following discussion will mainly be based on AWS cloud.

    • The architecture design of Turms must ensure that its technical solutions do not rely on any cloud services to maintain technical neutrality, avoid being tied to any vendor's technology stack, and make it easy for non-cloud users to deploy a complete set of Turms servers (such as Kubernetes). At the same time, the technology solutions used by Turms must have the support of cloud vendors to ensure that cloud users can easily deploy a complete set of highly available Turms servers through various cloud services provided by different vendors.

      For the core IM functionality of Turms server, this requirement does not affect the release of Turms' core features because these features are implemented in the same way regardless of whether they are deployed on the cloud or not.

      However, for some IM extension features, such as file storage and data analysis, their implementation is more complicated because we need to consider, design, and implement various solutions. Taking business data analysis as an example, if Turms is designed with AWS, the implementation of business data analysis is very simple. In general, it is based on the business logs provided by Turms server, providing a set of CloudFormation configurations, and analyze data according to the needs and configurations of different users, such as (the easiest but not the cheapest) CloudWatch Logs Insights, (based on S3, cost-effective but not real-time) CloudWatch Logs => S3 => Ahtena/QuickSight, (based on S3, cost-effective, and introducing Kinesis Firehose to ensure real-time data integration) CloudWatch Logs => Kinesis Firehose => S3 => Athena/QuickSight or other data analysis solutions. However, Turms also needs to meet the needs of users who do not want to use other third-party services, so it needs to develop its own data analysis solution in the later stage. Therefore, the workload will be much larger, and the speed of releasing extension features will be much slower.

      But as mentioned above, if users can use third-party services to analyze the business logs provided by Turms, they don't have to wait for Turms to provide a solution.

    • Turms' cloud architecture design is very simple.

      • Turms' cloud architecture is just a subset of cloud architecture design. Compared with the enterprise cloud architecture design of large-scale hybrid clouds (enterprise cloud architecture design includes not only deployment architecture design of various projects, but also organization structure design, hybrid cloud network architecture design, etc.), although Turms can be considered as a large-scale project in the open source community, designing cloud architecture for such a volume project is still quite simple, and users who have basic understanding of cloud services should be able to understand Turms' cloud architecture design.

      • Turms' cloud architecture is very traditional. If users have deployed other traditional web services' cloud architectures, deploying Turms is almost the same, especially since Turms provides multiple deployment schemes and even Terraform-based schemes to help users automatically purchase and configure cloud services.

        The relatively complicated part of Turms' cloud architecture is that some cloud vendors do not directly support MongoDB services. For example, AWS does not directly support higher versions of MongoDB services. Although AWS has provided DocumentDB services compatible with lower versions of MongoDB, due to competition between MongoDB and AWS vendors, AWS can currently only lock the latest MongoDB version compatible with DocumentDB at version 4.0, and the maintenance effort is also relatively low. Overall, DocumentDB service is somewhat redundant and has poor development prospects, so it is recommended to use MongoDB Atlas service directly.

        However, because MongoDB is a partner of AWS, users can easily integrate MongoDB Atlas enterprise service into AWS through VPC Peering and deploy it.

    The General Process of Client Accessing Server ​

    This process is the general process for the client to access the server, and it is also the process for the Turms architecture to achieve horizontal scaling, you can adjust it according to the actual situation.

    • When the client needs to establish a TCP connection with the turms-gateway server, the client can use the DNS service to query the IP address corresponding to the access layer server's domain name, which points to the SLB/ELB service (usually based on LVS and Nginx), Global Acceleration Service, or turms-gateway, depending on the needs and size of your actual application. The DNS service can be configured with one or more public IP addresses (In the production environment, do not configure the server's public IP address to mitigate DDoS attacks.) and return an IP address to the client via polling or other policies.

      Notes:

      • Regardless of whether the Turms client is using a TCP connection or an upper layer WebSocket connection, the upstream services of turms-gateway (DNS/SLB, etc.) should perform load balancing of TCP connections based on the client IP address.

      • It is highly recommended that you enable the Sticky Session feature of the SLB service so that the session is always connected to a turms-gateway server. This has the advantage of mitigating a large portion of DDoS attacks. Because turms-gateway supports blocking clients automatically, it can quickly detect and block IPs or users with abnormal behavior on the local server, but the default time interval for synchronizing blocked client data between turms-gateway servers is about 10~15 seconds, so if the Sticky Session feature is turned off, hackers can take advantage of the blocked data synchronization If the Sticky Session feature is turned off, hackers can use the blocked data synchronization interval to switch the TCP connection with turms-gateway and perform DDoS attacks.

      • Normally, you should place the SSL certificate on the upstream server of turms-gateway, i.e. the upstream SLB service or Nginx server, etc.

      • Since turms-gateway is designed with a stateless architecture, any client can connect to any turms-gateway server, and you can flexibly scale up or down turms-gateway servers; the state (i.e., user session information) is transferred to the distributed in-memory Redis servers.

    • After the client gets the IP address and successfully establishes a TCP connection with the turms-gateway, the turms-gateway detects whether the IP has been blocked or whether the turms-gateway itself is overloaded, and if so, actively disconnects the TCP connection. Otherwise, passing the TCP connection.

    • If the turms-gateway passes the TCP connection.

      • For a Turms client using a TCP connection, the client can start initiating a Protobuf data stream of TurmsRequest. This data stream consists of two parts, a ZigZag-encoded body-length header, and a Protobuf-encoded body.
      • For a Turms client using a WebSocket connection, the client will initiate an HTTP upgrade request to the turms-gateway server after a successful TCP connection is established, requesting an HTTP upgrade to the WebSocket. If the upgrade is successful, the client can put the Protobuf encoded TurmsRequest data in the body of the WebSocket binary frame and send it to the turms-gateway server.

      Note: At this point, the Turms client only sets up a network connection to the turms-gateway, but the user has not yet logged in and no session has been established.

    • After the stream is forwarded by the load balancing service (optional), it reaches the turms-gateway server first. The turms-gateway server first performs a simple Protobuf format verification on the stream (without verifying the legitimacy of the business request, in order to decouple the business logic from turms-service servers, so that turms-service servers can update the business request format independently without the need to stop turms-gateway servers, and if it is an illegal data stream, the TCP connection will be closed.

      Otherwise, if it is a legitimate request, it is partially parsed to confirm whether the turms-gateway server can handle the request on its own. For example, for both login and logout requests, the turms-gateway server can handle them on its own.

    • If the turms-gateway server can handle the request on its own, it will return a response. If it cannot handle it, then it detects whether the user has logged in on the local server, and if not, it rejects the request and sends back a response. If the user is logged in, a turms-service server is first selected from the list of available turms-service servers according to the load balancing policy, and then the request is forwarded to that turms-service server for processing through the self-developed RPC implementation.

      • If the turms-gateway server detects that the client request is a login request, the turms-gateway server forms a session ID based on the user ID and the device type specified by the login request, and determines whether the session ID conflicts with the logged-in session based on the user session information on Redis or the local cache. If there is a conflict, the login request will be rejected and a response is sent back informing the client of the failure reason. Otherwise, the current user session information is registered with Redis, and a successful response is sent back. At this point, the user enters the online state.

        Notes:

        • A session ID (user ID + device type) will constitute a user session with only one turms-gateway server and a TCP connection with one turms-gateway server at the same moment. All subsequent service requests of the user are done in this one session and TCP connection until the session is closed and the user is offline.

        • Different devices under one user ID can form a `user session' with different turms-gateway servers at the same time, regardless of whether they are from different IPs.

          However, it is recommended that all devices under a user ID are always connected to a single turms-gateway because:

          1. If logged into the same turms-gateway, the server only needs to send its byte stream to one turms-gateway server instead of multiple when forwarding messages or notifications to a user, in order to reduce system resource overhead and increase throughput.
          2. All devices of the same user on the same turms-gateway server share the session's heartbeat clock, thus reducing the number of TTL heartbeat refresh requests that the turms-gateway server sends to Redis;
          3. If the server has user status caching enabled, it may use a user status that has not been updated when forwarding messages or notifications, so new messages may not be sent to the newly logged-in device immediately.

      • If the turms-gateway server is unable to handle the client request, the request will be forwarded to a turms-service server via RPC service. After receiving the client request, the turms-service server verifies and processes the request, triggering the ClientRequestHandler plugin to assist developers in implementing custom logic (such as filtering sensitive words). Additionally, during the processing, corresponding CRUD requests are usually sent to mongos. Once the client request has been processed, turms-service will send the generated response back to the turms-gateway server. For the notifications generated during the processing, the turms-service server will first query Redis or local cache based on the ID of the notified user to obtain the node ID of the turms-gateway connected by this batch of users. The notifications are then sent to these turms-gateway servers via RPC service for notification pushing.

        Note: Turms adopts the MongoDB sharded cluster. After receiving the CRUD request, mongos routes the request according to the configuration.

      • Regardless of whether the turms-gateway server receives a response or notification, it does not perform any validity checks but instead directly forwards it to the user. During the notification pushing, the turms-gateway server triggers the NotificationHandler plugin to assist developers in implementing custom logic (such as pushing messages to offline users).

      (Notably, all network IO operations in Turms are implemented based on Netty, i.e., all of the above RPC and database calls are asynchronous and non-blocking.)

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/design/schema.html b/docs/design/schema.html index 46f05839..5653d8ee 100644 --- a/docs/design/schema.html +++ b/docs/design/schema.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

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    Collection Schema Design ​

    Requirements Analysis and Collection Schema Design ​

    When doing architecture design, it is often said that "key requirements determine architecture design, secondary requirements verify architecture" (here "requirements" include functional requirements, quality attribute requirements, and constraint requirements). However, as Turms is a general instant messaging project, its requirements are not as clear and specific as those of a concrete instant messaging project. Therefore, facing endless business requirements and various possible constraints, Turms cannot and should not design for every scenario. Therefore, when designing Turms, we follow the principle of "prioritizing key universal instant messaging requirements".

    When abstracting various complex requirements into actual business models, it is necessary to understand the priority relationship between requirements and ultimately express these requirement relationships in the form of collection schemas, which is the most important embodiment of technical architecture implementation. Therefore, it is essential to review and adjust the default collection schemas provided by Turms according to your own product requirements.

    Default Collection Index Design ​

    Key Points (If your team needs to develop based on Turms, please remember the following three points):

    • The index is designed mainly based on the characteristics and constraints of distributed data sharding, and is designed based on the principle of more read and less write and prioritizing key universal instant messaging requirements.
    • The index is not designed for data analysis (please refer to Turms Data Analytics for details).
    • The index is not designed for admin API (to avoid unnecessary index overhead, at the cost of relatively poor flexibility of the admin API).
    • Turms does not use auxiliary indexes to support extra business features (therefore, if your project has extra business features, you need to develop on top of Turms. Of course, this is also very simple to implement, and qualified intermediate to advanced engineers should have this ability).

    It is particularly important to emphasize the principle of "prioritizing key universal instant messaging requirements", because it reminds not only developers but also product managers and clients to pay attention to the design of collections. For scenarios involving distributed data sharding, some seemingly "simple-to-implement" features can bring a lot of resource consumption and increase the difficulty of development and operation when actually implemented. Therefore, for such "laborious and futile" features, it is necessary to confirm whether the requirement is reasonable, necessary, and able to bear the corresponding risks and costs through multiple iterations after confirming whether it needs to be implemented. After considering factors such as the need for implementation and the possibility of multiple iterations, it is then appropriate to consider whether to adopt a design with flexibility on the collection to facilitate future updates and reduce the risk of thoroughly refactoring.

    Take the "query groups joined by a user" feature as an example. The GroupMember collection in Turms is used to manage the relationship between groups and users. This collection is designed to shard data based on group IDs by default. Therefore, if you need to find group-related data according to group IDs in a distributed database server, it is very easy for the database (targeted queries). However, conversely, if you need to find the groups that a certain user has joined based on their user ID without creating a new auxiliary collection, it becomes extremely inefficient (scatter gather queries). Because the database cannot locate the relevant group data based on the user ID, it will send the query request to all database servers, causing a large number of invalid and redundant requests, with only a small proportion of valid requests, ultimately resulting in a lower effective throughput of the database cluster than a single database.

    With the increase of the user scale, either due to misjudgment of primary and secondary requirements leading to the need to overturn the architecture and start over, or to customize and expand on the existing basis (such as implementing an auxiliary collection by oneself like ShardingSphere to help with data sharding, but such implementation is likely to cause a large amount of redundant data and transactions). Therefore, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the default collection index design of Turms and remember that "the default index is designed mainly based on the characteristics and constraints of distributed data sharding, and is designed based on the principle of more read and less write and prioritizing key universal instant messaging requirements".

    The Cost of Rich Features ​

    After gaining a deep understanding of Turms' default collection index design, you will understand why so many large and medium-sized instant messaging applications do not provide, and should not provide, some seemingly "simple" features. You will also understand what needs to be paid attention to when implementing an instant messaging application in practice. On the other hand, you should also be wary of instant messaging technology solutions that claim to provide rich business features because they are likely only suitable for user scales of hundreds or thousands. If your product needs to scale up later, you will find that some existing collection designs and data sharding designs are contradictory, and you may need to start refactoring from schemas, which can ultimately lead to a complete reconstruction of the project, forcing you to start over with a self-developed solution.

    Here is an example of explaining a feature: "To limit the number of groups each user can create, the server needs to have the ability to quickly find the number of groups owned by that user." This seems like a very "simple" feature to implement. However, due to Turms' default index design principle mentioned above, Turms only shards the Group ID for quick group member information retrieval.

    Therefore, we cannot quickly query the number of groups owned by a user based on the group owner ID using a targeted query. To achieve a relatively feasible solution, there are roughly only three options (note that these three solutions can be applied to other extended functional designs through analogy):

    1. Create a single-column index for the group owner ID. Although a targeted query cannot be implemented, it is still possible to query relatively quickly after a scatter query. (Note: this type of implementation is the default implementation provided by Turms for extended functionality but is disabled in the default configuration.)

    2. Dimensional modeling, creating an auxiliary index set specifically for recording the group owner ID and the corresponding group ID. A targeted query can be achieved, but some key operations require the use of distributed transactions to ensure data consistency, and there is still data redundancy.

    3. Use a static statistical table to specifically record the number of groups each user already owns. This solution is the most efficient and has the minimum redundancy, but it still requires distributed transactions, and has the worst scalability.

    It is clear that for implementing a seemingly "simple" feature, our three implementation solutions not only have vastly different requirements for system resources but also have time complexity that is not in the same order of magnitude.

    Therefore, one should always be wary of instant messaging solutions that claim to be "feature-rich".

    Collection Structure ​

    Turms' collection structure may contain fields that your product does not use at all, but these unused fields are not stored in the database, so you do not need to worry about them increasing database overhead.

    How Turms' Collection Structure was Designed ​

    Turms' collection structure was not designed in a single commit or within a few days but was sorted out through a long period of iterative analysis and practice. The process was roughly as follows:

    1. Analyze business needs, grasp the intricate logic between businesses, and clarify the main and secondary relationships of the needs. It is required not only to cover all existing requirements but also to predict future business needs as much as possible and confirm which business needs are not needed.
    2. Analyze the specific code logic of the business implementation and determine the necessary fields.
    3. Determine the field ID. It is worth noting that composite IDs can have independent indices internally. For example, the composite ID of the GroupMember collection is group ID + user ID, and these two fields have their independent indices for implementing other business functions.
    4. Build indexes. First, consider whether each field indeed needs an index and whether it can be made into an optional index. Then, consider whether several fields can be combined into a composite index (including analyzing the cardinality of records, the frequency of using composite indices, whether the query condition can always follow the leftmost matching principle, and whether it can also avoid table returning queries).
    5. Determine whether to shard the collection, including analyzing whether the collection needs data cold and hot separation. If sharding is required, whether data can be sharded "incidentally" based on the above index information.

    Collection Details ​

    Summary ​

    The following content is just a basic theory. As we mentioned in How the collection structure of Turms is designed, the actual business is more complex and changeable. Therefore, in the face of specific collection index design, it is necessary to combine its actual application scenarios Do analysis and design.

    Data Fragmentation ​

    Except for small collections such as Admin (Admin), GroupType (GroupType) and other small collections that do not need data sharding, most other collections support data sharding, such as User (User), Group (Group) and Message (Message) are combined to realize that when sending CRUD requests to mongos, mongos can do load balancing and balance data load by itself, and it is also to support the separation of hot and cold data.

    record creation time index ​

    The composite index of many collections has the record creation time field, which is to match the pull mode of Turms, to support quick query of records in a certain time range and avoid repeated query by the client. This is why most query statements on the Turms client can include a query time interval parameter, and if the client request does not include this parameter, the Turms server will assign a query time interval by default to ensure query performance.

    ID only uses B-tree index ​

    We prohibit the use of Hashed indexes for record IDs. This is because MongoDB does not support uniqueness constraints through Hashed indexes. Only B-tree indexes can be used to ensure the uniqueness of records. Therefore, even if we add a For the Hashed index, MongoDB will automatically create an additional B-tree index, which is not worth the loss.

    Optional fields and indexes ​

    There are dozens of optional indexes in the Turms collection, but they are not enabled by default, because:

    • Although many IM business requirements are typical, they are in conflict with each other. For example, it is necessary to support message or request sender can query the message or request sent by himself and message or request sender cannot query the message sent by himself. or requests (the default implementation).
    • Or some IM business requirements are typical, but not so common, such as whether the processor of the group request can query the requests he has processed. The optional indexes used to support such extended IM functions account for the majority.
    • If these optional indexes are turned on by default, it is designed for small IM applications. For larger IM applications, it is a mistake that we mentioned above as "the fatal price of rich functions".

    **The principle for us to choose the default implementation scheme is: choose the scheme that does not require additional fields or indexes, has the lowest storage cost, and can be logically consistent with other IM business requirements. And if your application really needs to support another solution, we generally provide multiple sets of alternative solutions, which need to be configured by the user to replace the default implementation. **

    As long as you grasp this basic principle, you can deduce why the indexes of the Turms collection are so designed. In addition, each model and each field in the code actually has index-related comments, which are used to guide users: what fields are suitable for indexing in which scenarios, and why some fields do not use indexes. Users can design with reference to this note.

    Note: Very few optional indexes are enabled by default, because the scenarios corresponding to these indexes are very common, and only a few applications do not need to use these scenarios. In addition, Turms has not yet optimized the scenarios where these optional indexes are not enabled, so it is currently recommended that you do not manually turn them off.

    Replenish:

    • These optional indexes can be enabled by configuring turms.service.mongo.[service name].optional-index.[collection name].[field name]=true, such as turms.service.mongo.message. optional-index.message.sender-id=true.

      Reminder: IntelliJ IDEA supports configuration auto-completion

    • Users can also directly create the indexes they want to use on the MongoDB service, and it is very simple to add or delete indexes or fields in MongoDB, so even if the user misses configuration, or the requirements are not clear in the early stage, and new requirements come later, there is no need to worry about being unable to do so Add a new index or field.

      Additional supplement: Each version of MongoDB will release some very practical new features. There may be some complex functions that we need to fully develop ourselves in the early days, but in the new version of MongoDB, we only need to execute one command to realize it, which greatly reduces the development and effort. It is difficult to operate and maintain and improve the reliability of functions, so it is highly recommended that you deploy the new version of MongoDB as much as possible.

    By default, the request sender field of the request model is not indexed ​

    The two collections such as friend request and group request do not index the request sender by default. In other words, once the user sends the request, he can no longer query the requests he has already sent, and the client needs to record it locally. If your product really needs the server to record and query the requests sent by users, you need to configure the above optional index by yourself, and let turms-service add this index when creating the table for the first time, or you can directly add it on the MongoDB server Build an index into the collection.

    Message ​

    Message is currently the only model that supports separate storage of hot and cold data. The separation of hot and cold data can greatly save the cost of the database server, such as putting hot data in a 16-core 128G server, and putting cold data in a 4-core 8G server. In addition, other models currently do not have the meaning of separate storage of hot and cold data, so other models do not support it.

    index ​

    • Business scenario: Do you need to support the message sender to be able to query the messages he sent himself?

      • Scheme 1 (default scheme): This feature is not supported, use message sending time + recipient ID compound index

        Since message needs to support the separation of hot and cold data, the composite index of the message is: message sending time + recipient ID, and the sharding key is message sending time, to ensure that we can combine Zones in different time intervals Allocate to different Shards, and realize the cold and hot separation storage of messages.

        (If message does not need to support the separation of hot and cold data, then the composite index of Turms’ message model should be: recipient ID + message sending time, and the shard key is recipient ID, to ensure that MongoDB can Do load balancing for both read and write requests, and ensure that messages sent to the same recipient are divided into the same Chunks as much as possible to improve query speed)

        Supplement: As for why there is no separation of hot and cold data for collections such as add friend request and group invitation request, this is because although these requests are indeed closely related to the creation time in terms of business performance, for example, add friend request has passed After a period of time, from a business point of view, it is in the state of The request has expired and cannot be processed. However, for the recipient of the request, even if it is an expired request, the user often needs to quickly query all the requests he has received through query statements, and the number of visits will not decrease with time. For example, if a user has received 20 friend requests this year and 20 friend requests last year, and the client can query at most 50 requests each time, then the database should use the recipient ID as the dimension to store the recipients of the same request The data is divided into a Chunk. Instead of dividing the data of the same request receiver into different Chunks and loading them into different databases based on the request creation time. Therefore, we do not support hot and cold data separation for these collections. For this type of collection, we generally use a composite index such as request recipient ID + request creation time, and use request recipient ID as the shard key to collect all requests received by a request recipient as much as possible. Put them in the same Chunk.

      • Solution 2: Support this feature, use message sending time + session ID compound index

        If your product needs this solution, you only need to configure turms.service.message.use-conversation-id=true when the turms-service server starts for the first time. Just pay special attention: if you have already created a table in the database and created a message record in the method of Scheme 1, the Turms server will not create a composite index of message sending time + session ID at present, nor will it The message data will be swiped and the session ID will be filled in the message.

        Supplementary knowledge: Private chat session ID is a 16-byte long byte array, and its value is composed of message sender ID and message receiver. Group chat session ID is an 8-byte long byte array whose value consists of group IDs.

      • Solution 3: This feature is supported, but it is generally not recommended, and Turms does not provide support. The scheme is: under the composite index scheme of message sending time + recipient ID, enable optional index for sender ID.

        The reason why this solution is not recommended is because it is a very common scenario for users to query messages in a session, and this solution needs to query twice when querying messages in a session: one is to query the messages sent by the other party, and the other is to query itself The messages sent, are so inefficient that Turms offers no support.

    • Message deletion time B-tree index. If your product needs to support logical deletion, turms-service will fill in the value of this field when "deleting" a message, otherwise this field will not be used.

    TODO

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    in addition:

    About the reachability, orderliness and repeatability of messages ​

    Architectural design is always the art of balance, and blindly promising 100% news is just a sales rhetoric. For example, most Internet applications will only use weakly distributed transactions with better performance in the technical implementation of distributed transactions, rather than strong distributed transactions that are more reliable but have low performance. Whether it is necessary to achieve 100% message delivery depends on the business scenario. For example, in the live chat room scenario, not only does it not require that the message must arrive, but it even requires the server to actively discard user messages according to the load situation and message priority, or only send the message to some users.

    The live broadcast scene may not require the order of messages, but requires "how to design a message with a high throughput. Try to ensure the order of the messages, but do not provide additional auxiliary resources for support." Some designed IM applications can also "in order to achieve a balance between high throughput and high reachability, use the non-message must reach mechanism for free groups, and use the message must reach mechanism for VIP groups". The needs of practical applications are always varied.

    Therefore, it is emphasized again: when doing functional design, it is necessary to distinguish between primary and secondary requirements, and to strike a balance between quality attributes as much as possible. Never leave the business scene and work behind closed doors.

    Summarize ​

    Since the specific implementation comparison of various message features below is relatively complicated, this summary section quickly summarizes the final solution for you.

    In general, Turms is designed to follow the principle that the client can implement it itself, and the Turms server does not implement it, so as to achieve maximum throughput and flexible business implementation. If the feature must be implemented by the server and has little impact on throughput, it is enabled by default, otherwise it is disabled by default`, specifically:

    In addition, the following will explain a common but often very failed design scheme in the industry, that is, the scheme of "message confirmation mechanism requiring server participation" as a negative case. It achieves the worst "reachability" and "repeatability" effects at the highest cost, and its performance and scalability are also extremely poor. (TODO: This part of the documentation has not been updated)

    Message Confirmation Mechanism (Acknowledge) ​

    It is worth noting that:

    1. The message confirmation mechanism of Turms does not require the participation of the Turms server
    2. The message confirmation mechanism is completely independent from the "read message" function at the business level, and there is no relationship between the two.
    Ack mechanism that requires server participationAck mechanism that does not require server participation
    IntroductionIn some instant messaging architecture designs, the client is required to send a message confirmation request to the server at a certain interval (such as 5 seconds, 10 seconds, etc.) after receiving the message (instead of confirming as soon as the message is received. One is to improve the efficiency of confirmation processing, and the other is to reduce the probability of losing messages due to network delays).
    The server records the latest confirmation time of each session, so that when the user pulls messages from all sessions (such as when the user goes online), he can pull all the messages from the confirmation time to the present through a simple request.    		The client stores the last confirmation time of each session locally. If the client wants to obtain any session message to which it belongs, it sends the corresponding session ID and confirmation time to the server, and the server returns all messages from the confirmation time to the present.
    Advantages1. The client is simple to implement and does not need to store session information locally1. The client can customize the range of message fetching. The business is more applicable and can easily support multi-terminal message synchronization
    2. The server does not need to check the confirmation time of all sessions first, and then pull the message according to the Ack time, which has better performance
    3. The client does not need to send confirmation requests to the server regularly, which can completely save the performance overhead caused by a large number of confirmation operations
    Disadvantages1. The server needs to check the confirmation time of all sessions first, and then pull the message according to the confirmation time. The performance is relatively poor
    2. For each message received, the client needs to send a confirmation to the server 1. When the client sends a request, it needs to carry all the session IDs of the message to be requested and the corresponding confirmation time, and the request body is relatively large (but it also corresponds to the above ② Advantages)
    2. Developers are required to implement the client's local database (such as: Realm database. Turms may help developers implement local storage functions in the future in an extended form)

    About message reachability ​

    Architectural design is always the art of balance, and blindly promising 100% news is just a sales rhetoric. For example, most Internet applications will only use weakly distributed transactions with better performance in the technical implementation of distributed transactions, rather than strong distributed transactions that are more reliable but have low performance. Whether it is necessary to achieve 100% message delivery or not depends on the business scenario (for example, in the live chat room scenario, not only is the message not required to be delivered, but the server is even required to actively discard user messages according to the load situation).

    The solution to achieve 100% delivery of messages is also relatively simple. A session-level self-incrementing ID generation server can be implemented through Redis to ensure that message IDs are incremented within a session. The client can judge whether there is a message missing through the incrementality of the ID. If it finds that the message is missing, it can send a request to the server to get the specified message.

    Turms will also support the above-mentioned session-level message auto-increment ID implementation to ensure 100% message delivery (TODO), and also provide a global auto-increment ID implementation based on the Snowflake algorithm to provide the best throughput (the cost is that the message cannot guarantee 100% % must reach).

    About the realization of the number of unread messages ​

    Business needs ​

    plan ​

    Does not support offline message push with unread message count (default implementation)supports offline message push with unread message count (TODO)
    ImplementationWhen the client receives and pulls messages, it sends a request to the server to calculate the "unread messages" in real time.
    In this solution, the Turms server does not actually have the concept of unread message count, the server only calculates the number of messages within a certain message sending time interval according to the client's request    		Use Redis to support offline messages Carry the number of unread messages when pushing: carry the number of unread messages in the session and the total number of unread messages; only carry the total number of unread messages Add 1 to the number of unread messages, and add 1 to the total
    When the user reads the message, or when the user or group is deleted, do the opposite subtraction operation in the Redis record
    (**Note: The total number of unread messages must be calculated by the server **)
    Advantages1. The implementation is simple and can flexibly support various business needs, without the need to introduce a Redis server
    2. When sending a message, there is no need to send a request to Redis to calculate the number of unread messages, and the write throughput is higher    		1. Support offline message push to carry the number of unread messages
    2. When reading unread messages, no real-time calculation is required, and the read throughput is higher
    Disadvantages1. Does not support the number of unread messages carried when offline messages are pushed
    2. When the client reads the number of unread messages, real-time calculation is required, and the read throughput is lower (supplement: index support)    		1 . Redis server needs to be introduced to increase the cost and difficulty of operation and maintenance
    2. Every time the server receives a new message, Redis needs to send a request to calculate the number of unread messages, and the write throughput is lower
    Relationship with unread messagesUnread messages and Number of unread messages both take the terminal as the dimension, and the client sends the local message to the service through the above-mentioned client to confirm the last confirmation time to obtain this time point The number of "unread" messages and "unread" messages after that.
    Therefore, the unread message and unread message number obtained by different terminals may be inconsistent    		unread message still takes the terminal as the dimension, but unread message number takes the user as the dimension . If message A is "read" on the desktop side, the mobile phone side can still consider it "unread", but the number of unread messages pushed to all clients of the user is uniformly reduced by 1
    So the different ends get Unread Messages may be inconsistent, but Unread Message Count is consistent
    SupplementAs mentioned above, this solution can actually "forcibly" support the number of unread messages when pushing offline messages.
    But because this solution is not designed for frequently reading the number of unread messages, if the server calculates the number of unread messages in real time every time a message is pushed, its performance is obviously not advisable. Therefore, it is not supported in practice    		The above solutions have their own advantages and disadvantages, and which solution to use depends on the business requirements of the specific application. If you do not need to support offline message push and carry the number of unread messages, use the solution on the left, and if you need to support it, use the solution on the right.
    If the customer has additional requirements on the basis of these two solutions, they need to do secondary development by themselves
    TODO: This implementation will be supported in the near future

    Implementation ​

    TODO

    About the implementation of offline push ​

    For online users, developers can use the notification attribute to configure whether to allow the server to actively push messages to online users (the default is true). For offline users, the implementation of offline push usually needs to use the push SDK provided by the mobile phone operator to perform offline push through its channel.

    However, since Turms itself does not connect to any operator and does not plan to connect, you need to implement custom offline push logic through the NotificationHandler plug-in. The Handler provides a handle function and accepts four parameters: message information, online user ID, offline user ID, and optional number of unread messages. You can use this function to call the push SDK provided by the manufacturer to implement offline push logic .

    Message batch pull ​

    TODO: Not supported yet. Since message fetching is controlled by the client itself, this feature can be easily implemented efficiently and flexibly, and we will provide support before the official release.

    extra large group ​

    It is not difficult to implement a very large group, but its business requirements and scenarios are very different from those of general social applications, so a set of special strategies is required to support very large groups.

    Strategy (TODO)

    1. Messages are sent according to priority
    2. Intelligently limit the peak value of messages, and actively discard messages according to the server status and message priority
    3. Send messages in buckets (subgroups)
    4. Message roaming is usually not required
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    Group-related Features ​

    Types of group members include: group owner, administrator, ordinary member, visitor, anonymous visitor

    • Admin API path: /groups. For specific API details, please refer to the OpenAPI documentation
    • Client Interface: Please refer to the GroupServiceController class.
    • The underlying request model: please refer to the interface description file in the https://github.com/turms-im/proto/tree/master/request/group directory
    • Configuration class: im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.service.business.group.GroupProperties

    function list ​

    Function
    		DescriptionRelated configuration attribute name
    New GroupNew Groupturms.service.group.activate-group-when-created
    The group owner dismisses the groupThe group owner can dismiss the groupturms.service.group.delete-group-logically-by-default
    Actively withdraw from the groupExcept for the group owner, other users can actively withdraw from the group. The group owner needs to transfer the group to other group members before they can withdraw from the group
    Group owner transfer groupThe group owner can transfer the owner authority of the group to other members in the group. After the transfer, the transferred person becomes the new group owner, and the original group owner becomes an ordinary member. The group owner can also choose to quit the group directly while transferring
    Modify group informationSupport group name, group avatar, group introduction, group notification, group type and other fields
    Group banOrdinary members of the group cannot send messages during the mute period, only the group owner and administrator can send messages
    Get group informationFind groups based on filter conditions (such as group ID)
    Add group membersAdd group members
    Send invitation to join the groupGroup members with the role of invitation permission can send invitation to the specified userturms.service.group.invitation.content-limit
    turms.service.group.invitation.expire-after- seconds
    turms.service.group.invitation.expired-invitations-cleanup-cron
    turms.service.group.invitation.delete-expired-invitations-when-cron-triggered
    Cancel the invitation to join the groupThe group owner, administrator and initiator of the invitation to join the group can cancel the invitation to join the groupturms.service.group.invitation.allow-recall-pending-invitation-by-owner-and-manager
    Send group requestturms.service.group.join-request.content-limit
    turms.service.group.join-request.expire-after-seconds
    turms.service.group.join -request.expired-join-requests-cleanup-cron
    turms.service.group.join-request.delete-expired-join-requests-when-cron-triggered
    Cancel group join requestturms.service.group.join-request.allow-recall-join-request-sent-by-oneself
    Set group entry questionsFor groups whose group entry policy is "join after the group entry requester answers the questions correctly", group owners and administrators can set group entry questions. There can be multiple questions for entering the group, and one question can have multiple answersturms.service.group.question.answer-content-limit
    turms.service.group.question.max-answer-count
    turms .service.group.question.question-content-limit
    Delete group entry questionDelete group entry question
    Remove group membersGroup owners and administrators can remove group members, and administrators cannot remove group owners and other administrators
    Update group member informationAccording to the corresponding "group type", group members with specified roles can modify the member information of other group members (for example: the group owner assigns administrator roles to group members)
    Muting group membersMuted users can be in the group, but cannot send messages
    Group member coordinates sharing in real timeGroup members can share their coordinates with other group members in real time
    Group BlacklistAfter a user is blacklisted, he will no longer be able to enter the group. If the blocked user is a current group member before being blocked, the user will be automatically removed from the group member list after being blocked

    Group type configuration ​

    In terms of group configuration, Turms uses the concept of "group types". By default, Turms provides a general group type, and you can also add, delete, modify and query the "group type" to meet your customized group type needs.

    Corresponding admin API: /groups/types. For specific API details, please refer to the OpenAPI documentation Corresponding configuration model: im.turms.service.domain.group.po.GroupType

    Configuration list ​

    AttributeDescriptionConfiguration attribute name
    Maximum number of group membersValid value is 1~∞groupSizeLimit
    Group Invitation PolicySupport configuration:
    ①Only the group owner can invite: OWNER, OWNER_REQUIRING_APPROVAL;
    ②The group owner + administrator can invite: OWNER_MANAGER, OWNER_MANAGER_REQUIRING_APPROVAL;< br />③Group owner + administrator and group members can invite: OWNER_MANAGER_MEMBER, OWNER_MANAGER_MEMBER_REQUIRING_APPROVAL;
    ④Everyone can invite: ALL, ALL_REQUIRING_APPROVAL    		invitationStrategy
    Invitee's Consent ModeSupport configuration:
    ①The invitee's consent is required: the inviter sends an invitation to the invitee. If the invitee agrees to the invitation, it will automatically join the group: the strategy with _REQUIRING_APPROVAL;
    ②The invitee's consent is not required: the inviter is prohibited from sending invitations to the invitee. The inviter can directly add the invitee to the group: strategy without _REQUIRING_APPROVAL    		invitationStrategy
    Group Joining PolicySupported configuration:
    ①After the group owner or administrator approves the group joining request, the group requester can join: JOIN_REQUEST;
    ②After the group joining requester answers the questions correctly , automatically join: QUESTION;
    ③Allow unblocked users to actively join:MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST;
    ④No user is allowed to actively join, the group owner or administrator needs to send an invitation or directly pull Entering the group: INVITATION    		joinStrategy
    Group information update strategySupported configuration:
    ①Only the group owner can modify;
    ②Group owner + administrator can modify;
    ③Group owner+administrator+group members can modify;
    br />④ Everyone can modify    		groupInfoUpdateStrategy
    Group member information update strategyThe group owner can modify the member information of everyone in the group, and the administrator can only modify the member information of ordinary members in the groupmemberInfoUpdateStrategy
    Guest SpeakProhibited, AllowedguestSpeakable
    Group members modify their own informationCan be prohibited, allowedselfInfoUpdatable
    Group message read receiptCan be turned on and offenableReadReceipt
    Modify sent messagesCan be turned on and offmessageEditable

    remind:

    • There is no mutually exclusive relationship between the above "invitation policy", "invitee consent mode" and "group policy", and they are all compatible with each other, so developers can match them according to their own application scenarios .

    • If the administrator modifies the invitation policy or joining policy of a group type, which leads to a change in the policy corresponding to the group, the data corresponding to the old policy will be archived and will not be deleted by the system. Authorized users can still delete, modify and query these data.

      For example, a group originally allowed new users to join the group based on the policy of "approving group entry requests", and the group has received some group entry requests. If the system administrator (note: users do not have permission to modify the group type) modify the group policy to "question-and-answer based" policy to allow new users to join the group, then the previously received request to join the group will not be deleted by the system. When the group administrator tries to approve these group entry requests, the server will also notify the group policy of the change and reject the approval. But group administrators can still delete, modify and query these group requests.

      In addition, some users may think that the group policy of Turms is more complicated, but this kind of "complexity" has nothing to do with users. Users only need to configure according to their own application scenarios. It is very simple to use, just the development of Turms It is more complicated to implement these dynamic combination strategies.

    • We have no plan to support the feature of "users block groups to refuse to receive group invitations and be pulled into groups".

    Scene introduction ​

    User joins a group ​

    1. The client queries the group information of the specified group through turmsClient.groupService.queryGroups(...).

    2. Obtain group type information based on the relationship between the local hard-coded group type ID and group type information.

      Replenish:

      • Here, the client does not support dynamic query of group type information because the group type of most applications is fixed, and there is no need to dynamically pull information.
      • If your application only uses one group type, you can directly hard-code the group type information on the client side, skip steps ① and ②, and go directly to the next step.

    3. According to the group entry policy in the group type information, determine which client API needs to be called to join the group:

      • If it is JOIN_REQUEST policy, you need to call turmsClient.groupService.createJoinRequest(...) to send the request to join the group, and wait for the approval of the group administrator.
      • If it is QUESTION strategy, you need to call turmsClient.groupService.queryGroupJoinQuestions(...) to query group questions, and then use turmsClient.groupService.answerGroupQuestions(...) to answer group questions, when the score reaches After the group administrator sets the entry threshold, you can automatically join the group.
      • If it is MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST policy, call turmsClient.groupService.joinGroup(...) to directly join the group without any approval.
      • If it is INVITATION strategy, you need to wait for the group administrator to send the current user an invitation to join the group.
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    Business Features ​

    1. In the list of business functions, some functions are marked with the "✍" icon. This icon is used to indicate: whether to execute the judgment logic of the business function point, you need to make your own judgment and call the relevant API based on your own business application scenarios. Because Turms itself cannot determine whether the current context meets the conditions to trigger this function point.
    2. This function list refers to: Netease Yunxin, Huanxin, Rongyun, LeanCloud, Tencent Cloud Communication and other commercial instant messaging services. Turms provides almost all of the business functionality that these commercial services provide, and in many ways improves upon it.
    3. The function configuration parameters of Turms are extremely free. You can even configure a group with an upper limit of 10,000 members, a single message with an upper limit of 100MB, turn off most business functions, etc., expand the function of forwarding messages to all users, etc. , the Turms server will not interfere with any of your business scenarios. Turms just provides you with the most common and reasonable default configuration, such as the default upper limit of the number of people in a group is 500, a single message can be up to 1MB and so on.
    4. If you don't find the function you need in this list, please check whether your requirement can be realized by only configuring Turms parameters. After confirming that it cannot be implemented through the Turms configuration parameters, please raise it in the Issue area. Turms will be evaluated on the basis of "value for money" and will try to meet your needs as best as possible.
    5. The version number design of Turms does not completely follow Semantic Versioning, the large version number of Turms is mainly driven by the introduction of key functions . It will be presented separately in the section related to Breaking Changes.

    Notice

    • For some function points, the Turms server or client itself does not not directly provide some business function points. Taking the "burn after reading" function as an example, what Turms actually does is to pass an additional parameter burnAfter on the basis of the message, how to "burn" after reading, when to "burn", whether to The messages in the user's local database are also "burned" and other business implementation details are things that the upper-layer application implementer has to consider, and Turms will not intervene.
    • When doing functional design, keep in mind the relevant laws and regulations of the country, and avoid designing designs that are contrary to the requirements of national management. Such as "Internet Interactive Service Security Management Requirements Part 4: Instant Messaging Service"
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    Message-related Features ​

    • Admin API path: /messages. For specific API details, please refer to the OpenAPI documentation
    • Client interface: Please refer to the MessageServiceController class
    • The underlying request model: please refer to the interface description file in the https://github.com/turms-im/proto/tree/master/request/message directory
    • Configuration class: im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.service.business.message.MessageProperties

    function list ​

    Message function
    		Function descriptionRelated configuration
    Offline MessagesImplementation ideas: You can actively request the Turms server for specific offline messages of all private chats and group chats received when the user is offline every time the Turms client logs in. Quantity, and the specific data of the last N messages (default is 1)>, so as to take into account both the real-time nature of the message and the performance of the service. By default, the Turms server does not regularly delete any offline messages stored on the Turms serverturms.service.message.default-available-messages-number-with-total
    Roaming Messages✍When a new device logs in, the developer calls the message query interface of the Turms client, specifies the number and time period, and requests roaming messages from the Turms server.
    The implementation of roaming messages is essentially the same as that of "historical messages"
    (✍Reason: Turms cannot judge what is "new device login")
    Multi-terminal synchronizationWhen a user has multiple clients online at the same time, the Turms server will send the message to all the online clients of the user
    Historical MessagesSupport querying user's historical messages. By default, Turms permanently stores messages (including user messages or system messages)
    The implementation of historical messages is essentially the same as that of "roaming messages"    		turms.service.message.message-retention-period-hours
    turms. service.message.expired-messages-cleanup-cron
    Send Messageturms.service.message.time-type
    turms.service.message.persist-message
    turms.service.message.persist-record
    turms.service.message. persist-pre-message-id
    turms.service.message.persist-sender-ip
    turms.service.message.check-if-target-active-and-not-deleted
    turms .service.message.max-text-limit
    turms.service.message.max-records-size-bytes
    turms.service.message.allow-send-messages-to-oneself
    turms.service.message.allow-send-messages-to-stranger
    turms.service.message.delete-message-logically-by-default
    turms.service.message.send-message-to- other-sender-online-devices
    turms.service.message.use-conversation-id
    turms.service.message.sequence-id.use-sequence-id-for-group-conversation
    >turms.service.message.sequence-id.use-sequence-id-for-private-conversation
    Message RecallWithdraw a message that has been successfully delivered. By default, the sender is allowed to withdraw the message within 5 minutes of the successful delivery timeturms.service.message.allow-recall-message
    turms.service.message.available-recall- duration-seconds
    Message EditingEdit a successfully sent messageturms.service.message.allow-edit-message-by-sender
    Burn after readingAfter the recipient receives the sender's message, the recipient's client will automatically destroy it on time according to the time preset (or default) by the sender
    Read Receipt✍Notify the private chat object or group members that the current user has read a message
    Check the read/unread status of the other party in the private chat and group conversation
    (✍reason : Turms cannot know under what circumstances your user has "read a certain message". The developer needs to call turmsClient.messageService.readMessage() to inform the other party that the current user has read a certain message)    		turms.service. conversation.read-receipt.enabled
    allow-move-read-date-forward
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.update-read-date-after-message-sent
    turms .service.conversation.read-receipt.update-read-date-when-user-querying-message
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.use-server-time
    Message ForwardingForwarding a message to another user or group
    @someoneis used to specifically remind a user. If the Turms client detects that the user @ in the received message is currently logged in, the Turms client will trigger the @ callback function. Developers can implement subsequent related business logic by themselves. It is often used to remind users who are @.
    There is no essential difference between the @ message in the group and the ordinary message, only that when the @ message is received, special processing is required (triggering a callback function)
    Typing✍When a party in a communication is typing text, inform the recipient (user or users) that the user is typing the message
    (✍Reason: Turms has no way of knowing whether your users are typing text)    		turms.service.conversation.typing-status.enabled

    Precautions when querying session messages ​

    By default, Turms does not support "In a private chat session, the message sender can query the messages he sent himself" (specific reason: Message Index Design. Note: In a group chat session, the message sender can always query his own messages.) Developers can pass in turms-service Configure turms.service.message.use-conversation-id=true in the configuration file of the server to enable conversation ID.

    Afterwards, the semantics of turmsClient.messageService.queryMessages({areGroupMessages: false, fromIds: [10,11,12]}) will be replaced by the original "query messages sent by users whose IDs are 11, 12, and 13 in a private chat session. "Messages to the current user" becomes "query the messages sent by the users whose user IDs are 11, 12 and 13 to the current user, and the messages sent by the current user to users whose user IDs are 11, 12 and 13 in the private chat session ".

    Business message type ​

    From a developer's point of view, the Turms client has and only uses one data model when sending messages, namely CreateMessageRequest. Since it has fields of type string and List<byte[]>, you can actually pass any kind of data when sending a message. It's just that in order to facilitate developers to quickly implement various business message types, the Turms client divides common message types to facilitate developers to get started quickly.

    Reminder: Turms messages (messages of all business types) can be marked as system messages. However, system messages can only be sent through the turms admin API, and the Turms client cannot send system messages.

    Business message type
    		Description
    Text messageThe content of the message is text
    Reminder: Text can also be JSON, encoded as Base64 binary data
    Image messageThe content of the message is the description part (optional): image URL address, size, image size
    Image data (optional)
    Voice messageThe content of the message is the description part (optional): URL address, duration, size, format of the voice file
    Voice data (optional)
    Video messageThe content of the message is the description part (optional): URL address, duration, size, format of the video file
    Video data (optional)
    File messageThe content of the message is the description part (optional): URL address, size, format of the file
    File data (optional)
    Geographic location messageThe content of the message is geographic location title, address, longitude and latitude information
    Combined messageThe content of the message is text information and any number of other messages of any content type (for example: a message contains both text, pictures and audio)
    Custom messageTurms only uses one data structure during transmission, and it can carry string and List<byte[]> data structures. Therefore, developers are free to implement any custom message types, such as messages in the form of red envelope messages, rock-paper-scissors, etc.

    Implementation of binary data transmission ​

    There are two main implementation schemes for the transmission of binary data (files):

    Use the Turms client to send the records field of the message API (not recommended)Use object storage services (AWS S3, Alibaba Cloud OSS, etc.)
    IntroductionBy default, Turms supports the transmission and storage of binary data records attached to messages, so you can store binary data such as pictures, videos, files, etc. in recordsYour application client (Note: here "client "It is not the client of Turms, but the client of your IM application) to request the OSS operation permission Token from your service server program, and the client will take this Token to find the OSS service and upload the file to OSS, and then take it from OSS The returned file URL is passed to the Turms server, and Turms saves the URL text instead of the binary data of the file.
    Because the Turms plug-in supports developers to implement file management services by themselves, you can also implement this function by implementing a plug-in. For example, the integrated implementation turms-plugin-minio of the MinIO object storage server officially provided by Turms is implemented based on the Turms plugin, for your reference
    AdvantagesSimple implementationUnlimited capacity;
    Support CDN acceleration, optimize user experience;
    Support UI visual management, and provide various operation and maintenance management functions. Cloud storage services generally support practical features such as redundant storage, server-side encryption, and hierarchical storage of hot and cold data (which greatly reduces data storage costs)
    DisadvantageA Turms client has and only establishes one TCP connection with the server, so if the user uses the records field that comes with the Turms client to transfer a large file, it will block the data transmission of other business requests;
    When MongoDB queries message data, it will load the entire message record into the memory, which greatly slows down the message query speed

    Reference: Storage Service

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/feature/simultaneous-login.html b/docs/feature/simultaneous-login.html index 190a5427..e2e12dff 100644 --- a/docs/feature/simultaneous-login.html +++ b/docs/feature/simultaneous-login.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

    English

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    Appearance

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/feature/user.html b/docs/feature/user.html index e126c63a..f3fe05e0 100644 --- a/docs/feature/user.html +++ b/docs/feature/user.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

    English

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    Appearance

    User-related Features ​

    • Admin API path: /users. For specific API details, please refer to the OpenAPI documentation
    • Client Interface: Please refer to the UserServiceController class
    • The underlying request model: please refer to the interface description file in the https://github.com/turms-im/proto/tree/master/request/user directory
    • Configuration class: im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.service.business.user.UserProperties

    User information function ​

    FunctionFunction DescriptionRelated Configuration
    Add Userturms.service.user.activate-user-when-added
    Delete Userturms.service.user.delete-user-logically
    Modify user profileUsers modify their own nickname, introduction, avatar URL
    Get user profileUser view own or other user's profile
    Set user profile access permissionsUsers can set access permissions for each personal profile. Access rights are: visible to everyone, visible to friends, visible only to yourself
    User permission groupAdministrators can give different permissions to different usersConfiguration model: im.turms.service.domain.user.po.UserPermissionGroup

    User Relationship Hosting ​

    concept:

    • Relationship: Relationship is divided into one-way relationship and two-way relationship. One-way relationship refers to: the owner of the relationship (relationship owner) has a specific relationship with the Related User (relationship person), such as "one-way friend" (allowing the other party to send messages and friend requests) or "blocking User" (prohibit the other party from sending messages, friend requests, etc.). The establishment of a one-way relationship does not require permission authentication. A two-way relationship means that user A has a one-way relationship with user B, and user B has a one-way relationship with user A. For example, user A blocks user B, and user B can specify not to block user A.
    • Related Users: Refers to users who have a one-way or two-way relationship (designate the other party as a friend or block the user). Two users are Strangers if they don't have a relationship of either kind.
    • Relational person group: A relational person group consists of a group name and a group of related persons, and each relationship must exist in at least one related person group. If the client does not perform a group operation on the relationship when creating the relationship, the relationship will be put into the user's default relationship group. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the fact that there can be both "friends" and "blocked" users in "a related person group". Of course, you can restrict a group to only have a certain type of related person through business restrictions.

    Additional supplement: In fact, there is no such concept as "friend/block user" in the Turms domain model, and its essence is a bool called "isBlocked".

    Function
    		Function DescriptionRelated Configuration
    Get relationshipGet the relationship owned by the current user according to optional filtering (such as specifying user ID, "whether it is a contact", "whether it is a friend/blocked user", etc.) and grouping conditions
    Add a relationship (+initiate a friend request)①If adding a relationship as a "friend", according to your customized Turms server configuration, the user can either directly add a "friend" relationship, or initiate a friend request first , the operation of adding a "friend" relationship will not be performed automatically until the requestee's approval is obtained.
    ② If you add a related person whose relationship is "block user", no approval is required and it will take effect directly. Users will no longer receive any messages or requests from blocked users.    		turms.service.user.friend-request.content-limit
    turms.service.user.friend-request.delete-expired-requests-when-cron-triggered
    turms.service.user.friend -request.allow-send-request-after-declined-or-ignored-or-expired
    turms.service.user.friend-request.friend-request-expire-after-seconds
    turms.service .user.friend-request.expired-user-friend-requests-cleanup-cron
    turms.service.user.friend-request.delete-expired-requests-when-cron-triggered
    Approve/Reject Friend RequestUser can approve or reject friend request. If you agree to the friend request, the two will establish a two-way "friend" relationship
    Delete RelationAccording to the optional deletion conditions (such as "is/is not a relation", "is a friend/block user"), delete a certain type of relation or a designated relation.deleteTwoSidedRelationships
    Modify the relationship with related partiesModify user relationship (friend/block user) information. When modifying the relationship to "friend", you need to send a friend request by default (you can cancel this step)
    Create relational person groupWhen creating a group, you can specify the group name and the relational person to be added at the same time. The same person can be added to multiple groups
    Delete related groupDelete the related group, and you can choose whether to transfer the related people in the deleted related group to other groups (if not specified, it will be assigned to "default group" by default)
    Rename Relationship GroupRename Relationship Group
    Obtain the user's own related person group informationGet the user's own related person group information
    Add a relation to a groupAdd/move a relation to a relation group. If the group does not exist, the operation fails
    Delete a related person from a groupDelete a related person from a related person group

    GPS ​

    Configuration class: im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.location.LocationProperties

    FunctionFunction DescriptionRelated Configuration
    User location recordPeriodically record user locationturms.location.enabled
    turms.location.treat-user-id-and-device-type-as-unique-user
    People NearbySearch for other nearby users based on current real-time coordinatesturms.location.users-nearby-request.default-max-available-nearby-users-number
    turms.location.users-nearby-request. default-max-distance-meters
    turms.location.users-nearby-request.max-available-users-nearby-number-limit
    turms.location.users-nearby-request.max-distance- meters

    Statistics function ​

    Configuration class: im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.service.env.StatisticsProperties

    Although Turms provides some basic statistical functions, it is recommended that users collect various statistical data through cloud services, such as Amazon CloudWatch.

    FunctionFunction DescriptionRelated Configuration
    Online user statisticsThe Master node in the Turms cluster will regularly record the number of online users in the cluster in the form of logsturms.service.statistics.log-online-users-number
    turms.service.statistics. online-users-number-logging-cron
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diff --git a/docs/index.html b/docs/index.html index 0c63e33e..4ba0752a 100644 --- a/docs/index.html +++ b/docs/index.html @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ terraform apply

    Intro ​

    The architecture of Turms depends on the fanout read design for creating inboxes (or message timelines), and Turms supports push model, pull model, and push-pull model to be aware of the changes of business data (For details, Business Data Change Awareness). Most of the other design details also come from commercial IM projects.

    And compared to many projects with obsolete technology stacks, Turms is also the only open source IM solution that is based on modern architecture and modern technology and is suitable for medium to large scale applications.

    In addition, architecture design is an art of trade-off. Some IM products take rich features as their slogan at the cost of no support for medium to large scale applications (they are only suitable for team communications). However, Turms takes extreme performance as the first priority and supports complete (rather than rich) IM features to support medium and large-scale applications. Please refer to Turms Schema Design and Observability for details.

    When you need to compare Turms with other open source IM projects for features, you can first compare Turms with other open source IM projects based on the following features of Turms. Usually, you can find the differences between professional IM projects and amateur IM projects. In addition, under the chapter of Product Comparison, we also mentioned the shortcomings of the Turms project for your reference.

    Note: The main disadvantage of the current Turms project is that it does not provide support for living/chat room. The technical implementation of the living/chat room is not difficult, but the product requirements, quality attribute requirements, and restrictive conditions are quite different from the scenarios of general social applications, so the first version of Turms does not provide support for it. In addition, Turms is also not suitable for small-scale enterprise communication scenarios. Using Turms for enterprise communication scenarios is using a sledgehammer to crack a nut, because enterprise communication emphasizes feature-rich rather than extreme performance, which is inconsistent with the goals of Turms, so their designs are also different. If you want to support enterprise communication scenarios, you need to develop based on Turms yourselves.

    Business Features ​

    1. Support a complete set of IM features. Turms supports almost all IM features supported by commercial instant messaging products and no restrictions on business features. And Turms also supports advanced features such as unwanted words filtering (using Aho-Corasick automaton with double array trie) and tiered storage for messages.
    2. (Extensibility) Turms supports two approaches to extend: configuration properties and custom plugins. Of course, you can also modify the source code. For example, the plugin turms-plugin-minio based on turms-plugin is used to interact with MinIO server.
    3. (Flexibility) Turms provides hundreds of configuration properties for developers to meet various requirements. And most of the properties can be updated at the cluster level when the cluster is running without performance loss.

    Common Architecture Features ​

    1. (Agility) Support updating Turms servers without the users' awareness of shutdown to support rapid iteration
    2. (Scalability) The Turms server is stateless to be scaled out; Support multi-active across data centers
    3. (Deployability) Support container deployment to facilitate integration (CI/CD) with cloud services. Turms provides three solutions for container deployment out of the box: Docker image, Docker compose file, and Terraform module
    4. (Observability) Support relatively complete features of observability for business analysis and troubleshoot
    5. (Scalability) Support medium to large scale instant messaging applications, and there is no need to refactor even if the application becomes large from medium-scale (There is still a lot of optimization work to be done for large applications, but Turms servers are easy to upgrade)
    6. (Security) Support API throttling and global user/IP blocklist to resist most CC attacks
    7. (Simplicity) The Turms architecture is lightweight, which makes Turms easy to learn and redevelop. Please refer to Turms Architecture Design for details)
    8. Turms depends on the MongoDB sharded cluster to support request routing (such as read-write separation) and tiered storage for medium to large scale applications

    Other Features ​

    1. Observable system (Please refer to Observability for details)

      • Log (for events): Turms provides three types of logs: monitoring log, business log, and statistics log

      • Metrics (for aggregable data). It reflects the real-time status of the system and business data

      • Tracing

      Note that the Turms server will provide more monitoring features that can be implemented efficiently as much as possible, but will not provide some common features that have a great impact on performance and are more suitable for third-party services to provide (such as DAU). For this kind of extended feature, you can implement them by offline or real-time analysis of the logs or metrics of Turms servers.

    2. Extreme performance We always try to archive extreme performance in the implementation of all business workflows. Please refer to the source code for details.

    Subprojects ​

    NameSummary
    turms-gateway A gateway (push server) interacting with clients, and responsible for user authentication, session management, push notification, and load balancing for turms-service servers
    turms-serviceImplements IM business logic, and provides admins with business data management, RBAC, cluster management
    turms-adminProvides features such as business data management and cluster management for Turms server cluster
    turms-client-jsExposes APIs to interact with the Turms server to implement IM features, underlying driver logic (such as heartbeat) and sharing the WebSocket connection between tabs. You don't need to know its implementations because it's transparent for developers
    turns-client-kotlinExposes APIs to interact with the Turms server to implement IM features and underlying driver logic (such as heartbeat). You don't need to know its implementations because it's transparent for developers
    turns-client-swift ditto
    turns-client-dartditto
    turms-plugin When events (such as user going online/offline, message receiving and forwarding, etc) are fired, turms-gateway and turms-service will trigger corresponding custom plugins to facilitate developers to implement custom features
    turms-plugin-antispamA plugin based on turms-plugin for the anti-spam protection using Aho-Corasick automaton with double array trie (The time complexity of detection is O(n), and n is the length of target string code points)
    turms-plugin-minioA plugin based on turms-plugin for the storage service, and is used to interact with MinIO server
    turms-plugin-rasaA plugin based on turms-plugin for the chatbot, and is used to interact with Rasa server
    turms-data (TODO)Not yet published. An independent data analysis system based on Flink ecosystem is responsible for business data analysis, and provides underlying data support for the statistics APIs of turms for admins and operational reports of turms-admin

    Reference Architecture ​

    The architecture design of Turms is derived from commercial instant messaging architectures. The following figure shows the reference architecture of Turms. The services framed by dotted lines are optional services, while the services framed by solid lines are required services. Please refer to Turms Architecture Design for details.

    Product Comparison ​

    Although there are many open source IM projects in the world, there is only one open source IM project designed for medium and large IM application scenarios: Turms.

    Rocket.ChatClosed source IM cloudTurms
    Application scenariosTeam communicationsGeneral IM scenariosGeneral medium to large scale IM scenarios (Making Turms possible for redevelopment)
    (Note: The first version of Turms does not provide support for living/chat room)
    Advantages1. Provide cloud services by just clicking the mouse to start the cluster and provide services
    2. The client implementation is cross-platform and out-of-the-box for users
    3. Support a complete and unified UI suite
    4. Support rich advanced instant messaging features, such as audio and video conference, file sharing, screen sharing
    5. Provide commercial users with technical support    		1. Provide cloud services by just clicking the mouse to start the cluster and provide services
    2. The client implementation is cross-platform and out-of-the-box for users
    3. Support a complete and unified UI suite
    4. Support rich advanced instant messaging features, such as audio and video conference, file sharing, screen sharing
    5. Provide commercial users with technical support    		The advantages are the features described above
    Disadvantages1. Only suitable for small-scale applications
    2. Narrow application scenarios and hard to customize    		1. It is closed source and cannot be customized. Any project will inevitably have new business requirements after business growth, which needs to be customized. However, IM clouds either do not provide customized services or require high customization fees, and they may misunderstand your requirements, resulting in customized features that cannot meet your business needs well. It will take long-term cooperation to works well with them.
    But based on Turms, your requirements can be implemented and provided quickly, and the cost is low.
    Note: For details of the complexity of IM, you can refer to Schema Design
    2. Data Privacy. All your user information and message data are stored on IM clouds, which can peep and use your data.
    Especially for some small IM companies, the data security is not guaranteed at all, and you even need to bear the risk of unrecoverable data loss.
    3. The more you use IM clouds, the more you rely on it, the more expensive it is. Most IM clouds provide a certain free quota or trial period, but after the user scale of your product grows, you need to pay a high usage fee or give up the use to start develop your own IM server
    4. Technical support is not timely. IM clouds need to provide technical support to a lot of customers at the same time, and the support for your product may lag behind    		1. Only meets the general instant messaging needs, and does not provide some advanced features (for example, no support for audio and video conferencing)
    2. The first version of Turms does not support living/chat room
    3. Turms server only provides raw data of metrics/logs, and does not provide functions such as analysis and alarms
    4. The web-based system administration turms-admin does not provide advanced operation features currently
    5. No support for specific business logic and UI
    6. Servers are reactive, which is challenging for some developers
    CommentIt is highly recommended to use Rocket.Chat for team communicationsIf the IM business scenarios in your product is very common, and there is no custom requirements, and the IM business is not the main business of your product, it is recommended to use IM clouds.
    But if there is no special requirements, try not to use the IM cloud provided by small companies, otherwise your data security will not be guaranteed    		Although both are open source IM projects, they have completely different application scenarios. Turms is a general instant messaging engine for medium to large scale instant messaging applications. You cannot just hand Turms to your customers (just as most products don't let customers write SQL statements to query business data in the database).
    However, based on Turms, you can implement all the open-source instant messaging projects on GitHub more efficiently, comprehensively, and extensively

    Demo with Specific Business Implementation ​

    Considering the positioning of Turms, we do not plan to provide a client demo with UI and specific business logic in the near future because.

    1. It is easy for developers to verify the business features supported by Turms. If you just want to test the business features of Turms, you can run the Turms server without even typing a line of code. Only ten lines of code can realize the login, sending messages, sending friends' requests and other business features, or modify properties to customize various requirements.

    2. The design and implementation of the demo are closely related to the specific business scenarios, specific programming language, specific technical architecture, and specific OS while Turms has been committed to efficiently meeting various complex and challenging instant messaging scenarios, and we don't want to publish a demo that limits the imagination of developers. And developing and maintaining a demo is also very time-consuming and will slow down the progress of the development of Turms.

    3. Currently, you only need to "chat" with GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to realize custom technical solutions and UI design. Take the text as an input example (in addition, GPT-4 supports image input, and you can also draw UI wireframes to suggest how it wants to design the UI).

      Please implement a customer service chat window running on the web end based on Vue3, Vite, Eslint and other technologies. Specific requirements.

      1. The UI design style needs to refer to: Ant Design
      2. The chat window should be divided into three parts: at the top, the customer service name should be displayed; in the middle, the chat message between the user and the customer service should be displayed; and at the bottom, a text input box and a send button should be provided to allow the user to enter text and send messages.
      3. The chat window should always be displayed at the top right corner of the page
      4. You need to assume that the chat window is based on the WebSocket protocol to communicate with the backend server to log in, send messages, receive messages, etc.
      5. You need to give the project structure and all the specific code implementation in the project based on the UI componentized design solution

      GPT can provide the corresponding code implementation right away, and you can keep "chatting" with it on the basis of various scenarios (you can let GPT provide and compare multiple scenarios) to refine its UI design and code implementation to make the final implementation close to your idea.

    License ​

    The Turms project is licensed under the Apache License 2.0 license, so we don't care whether users plan to make profits from the Turms project. We only require users to comply with the Apache License 2.0 license in your works, such as documents, videos, codes, etc., to mention the information of the Turms project, such as:

    Original Project Name：turms-im/turms
 Original Project：https://github.com/turms-im/turms
 Original Project Documentation：https://turms-im.github.io/docs

    Q & A ​

    1. How is the Turms project profitable?

      We do not need to be profitable currently. Of course, we do not exclude profit, but we will not deliberately to write bad documents or to do a bad job in order to earn consulting, training and other expenses. Another thing to mention is that there are indeed many (closed) open source projects that earn service support fees by deliberately writing bad documents and doing a bad job.

    2. If profit-making organizations, such as training institutions or companies, cite Turms' documents, or even sell Turms projects as SaaS services, do these profit-making organizations need to pay attention to anything?

      We don't care whether your team plans to make a profit from the Turms project. Your team only needs to comply with the Apache License 2.0 license and mention the Turms project information as mentioned above.

    3. The Turms project is suitable for making SaaS services, so why doesn't the Turms project adopt the AGPL or SSPL license?

      We currently do not need to make a profit, and we do not plan to make a profit. We only require users to comply with the Apache License 2.0 license.

    4. If the Turms project is not profitable, what is the quality of its project?

      Our documentation and source code have answered this question for us, and in the open source community, there is no open source IM project that can compete with the Turms project in medium and large IM application scenarios. Another thing to mention is that commercial projects do not mean high quality, and even the quality of documentation and code for many commercial projects is shocking.

    5. Does Turms use dual license agreements or have hidden charges?

      No. Some projects are free for personal use and charge for commercial use, using dual licensing agreements, or have many hidden charges. The Turms project is licensed under the Apache License 2.0 license, and there is no charge. Some projects claim to be open source software, but they are not. For details, please refer to The Open Source Definition.

    Special Thanks ​

    Mainly developed in IntelliJ IDEA and CLion.

    License kindly provided by JetBrains Community Support Team.

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    Turms Documentation

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    Admin API ​

    The Turms server-side API documentation follows the OpenAPI 3.0 standard and provides the current server-side OpenAPI interface documentation externally via an HTTP service.

    If you need to consult the API interface documentation, you can access the API interface at http://localhost:端口号/openapi/ui after starting the Turms server. If you need the JSON format data of the API interface, you can get it by visiting http://localhost:端口号/openapi/docs. The default port number for the turms-gateway administrator HTTP server is 9510, while the turms-service uses port 8510.

    Note: When deploying the Turms server to a production environment, it is usually not necessary to open the Admin API port of the Turms server to the public network to avoid unwanted attacks.

    Interface Design Guidelines ​

    In order to make the interface as the name suggests and to ensure developers can understand it at a glance, Turms' Admin API interface design refers to the RESTful design style and has been further optimized and Uniformity, specifically following the following guidelines.

    • The path portion of the URL represents the target resource, such as /users/relationships; or the representation of the resource, such as /users/relationships/page indicating that the resource is returned in paged form. A URI has and may only return a Response in one format.

    • POST method for Create resources, DELETE method for Delete resources, PUT method for Update resources, GET method for Query resources, and the more specific HEAD method for Check resources (similar to GET but without the Response body, interacting only through HTTP status codes)

    • The requested Query string is used to locate the resource, such as ?ids=1,2,3; or an additional directive, such as ?reset=true

      Note: Unlike the RESTful style, the Turms server does not use the request URL path (Path) for resource location. For example, GET /flight-recordings/jfr to download JFR file interface, in RESTful style it should be GET /flight-recordings/jfr/{id}, but in Turms server it is GET /flight-recordings/jfr?id={id }

    • The Body of the request is used to describe the data to be created or updated

    Objects that use the management interface ​

    • HTTP(S) request from your front-end management system or back-end server to make the call

    • The turms-admin used by the administrator backend to manage web projects

    Note: The administration interface is not for end-users, but for your team to make internal calls. So normally you don't need to open external IP and port for turms-service server.

    Categories ​

    Monitoring ​

    TypeControllerPathSupported Servers
    Log ManagementLogController/logsAll
    Metrics ManagementMetricsController/metricsAll
    Flight Recording ManagementFlightRecordingController/flight-recordingsAll

    Plugin ​

    TypeControllerPathSupported Servers
    Plugin ManagementPluginController/pluginsAll

    Administrator ​

    TypeControllerPathSupported ServersNotes
    Admin ManagementAdminController/adminsturms-serviceEach Turms cluster has a default account with the role ROOT and the account name and password turms
    Admin Role ManagementAdminRoleController/admins/rolesturms-serviceBy default, each Turms cluster has a super administrator role with the role ROOT and all privileges

    Cluster ​

    TypeControllerPathSupported Servers
    Cluster Node ManagementMemberController/cluster/membersturms-service
    Cluster Configuration ManagementSettingController/cluster/settingsturms-service

    Blocklist ​

    TypeControllerPathSupported Servers
    IP Blocklist ManagementIpBlocklistController/blocked-clients/ipsturms-service
    User Blocklist ManagementUserBlocklistController/blocked-clients/usersturms-service

    User Session ​

    TypeControllerPathSupported Servers
    User Session ManagementSessionController/sessionsturms-gateway

    All API ports in the following table exist only on the turms-service server side. These API ports are not available on the turms-gateway server side.

    User ​

    TypeControllerPath
    User Information ManagementUserController/users
    User Online Info ManagementUserOnlineInfoController/users/online-infos
    User Permission Group ManagementUserPermissionGroupController/users/permission-groups
    User Relationship ManagementUserRelationshipController/users/relationships
    User Relationship Group ManagementUserRelationshipGroupController/users/relationships/groups
    User Friend Request ManagementUserFriendRequestController/users/relationships/friend-requests

    Group ​

    TypeControllerPath
    Group ManagementGroupController/groups
    Group Type ManagementGroupTypeController/groups/types
    Group Question ManagementGroupQuestionController/groups/questions
    Group Member ManagementGroupMemberController/groups/members
    Group Blocklist ManagementGroupBlocklistController/groups/blocked-users
    Group Invitation ManagementGroupInvitationController/groups/invitations
    Group Join Request ManagementGroupJoinRequestController/groups/join-requests

    Chat Session ​

    TypeControllerPath
    Conversation ManagementConversationController/conversations

    Message Classes ​

    TypeControllerPath
    Message ManagementMessageController/messages

    Statistics ​

    The statistics-related interfaces currently exposed to the public are mostly Legacy APIs, which are not recommended. We will adjust and refactor them later. Please refer to the chapter Data Analysis for specific reasons.

    Admin API Security ​

    Every HTTP request sent by a user to Turms server will go through the authentication and authorization process of Turms server, which can be found in Administrator Security.

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    Turms Documentation

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    简体中文

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    Appearance

    Status Code ​

    There are two status codes that developers need to understand, one is ResponseStatusCode, and the other is SessionCloseStatus. The content in the following table does not need to be memorized deliberately. You only need to know how to query when encountering an unfamiliar status code.

    ResponseStatusCode ​

    ResponseStatusCode indicates the processing status in the request response, similar to the HTTP status code.

    Each request response will contain a ResponseStatusCode. For the specific status code declaration, please refer to the im.turms.client.model.ResponseStatusCode class under the turms-client-kotlin project.

    Client unique status code ​

    The client-specific status code will not appear in the Turms server, indicating that the client request is rejected locally on the client.

    CategoryNameStatus CodeMeaning
    Connection relatedCONNECT_TIMEOUT1
    Request relatedINVALID_REQUEST100
    CLIENT_REQUESTS_TOO_FREQUENT101
    REQUEST_TIMEOUT102
    ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT103
    Notification RelatedINVALID_NOTIFICATION200
    INVALID_RESPONSE201
    Session relatedCLIENT_SESSION_ALREADY_ESTABLISHED300
    CLIENT_SESSION_HAS_BEEN_CLOSED301
    Message relatedMESSAGE_IS_REJECTED400
    Storage relatedQUERY_PROFILE_URL_TO_UPDATE_BEFORE_LOGIN500

    Common Status Codes ​

    CategoryNameStatus CodeMeaning
    Successful ResponseOK1000
    NO_CONTENT1001
    ALREADY_UP_TO_DATE1002
    Client Request ErrorINVALID_REQUEST1100
    CLIENT_REQUESTS_TOO_FREQUENT1101
    ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT1102
    RECORD_CONTAINS_DUPLICATE_KEY1103
    REQUESTED_RECORDS_TOO_MANY1104
    SEND_REQUEST_FROM_NONEXISTENT_SESSION1105
    UNAUTHORIZED_REQUEST1106
    Server ErrorSERVER_INTERNAL_ERROR1200
    SERVER_UNAVAILABLE1201
    Admin - Common ErrorUNAUTHORIZED1300
    NO_FILTER_FOR_DELETE_OPERATION1301
    RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND1302
    DUPLICATE_RESOURCE1303
    ADMIN_REQUESTS_TOO_FREQUENT1304
    Admin - JFR Related ErrorDUMP_JFR_IN_ILLEGAL_STATUS1310
    Admin - Plugin Related ErrorJAVASCRIPT_PLUGIN_IS_DISABLED1320
    SAVING_JAVA_PLUGIN_IS_DISABLED1321
    SAVING_JAVASCRIPT_PLUGIN_IS_DISABLED1322
    Admin - Blocklist Related ErrorIP_BLOCKLIST_IS_DISABLED1400
    USER_ID_BLOCKLIST_IS_DISABLED1401
    Admin - Cluster - Leader Related ErrorNONEXISTENT_MEMBER_TO_BE_LEADER1800
    NO_QUALIFIED_MEMBER_TO_BE_LEADER1801
    NOT_QUALIFIED_MEMBER_TO_BE_LEADER1802
    User - Login Related ErrorUNSUPPORTED_CLIENT_VERSION2000
    LOGIN_TIMEOUT2010
    LOGIN_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED2011
    LOGGING_IN_USER_NOT_ACTIVE2012
    LOGIN_FROM_FORBIDDEN_DEVICE_TYPE2013
    User - Session Related ErrorSESSION_SIMULTANEOUS_CONFLICTS_DECLINE2100
    SESSION_SIMULTANEOUS_CONFLICTS_NOTIFY2101
    SESSION_SIMULTANEOUS_CONFLICTS_OFFLINE2102
    CREATE_EXISTING_SESSION2103
    UPDATE_HEARTBEAT_OF_NONEXISTENT_SESSION2104
    User - Location Related ErrorUSER_LOCATION_RELATED_FEATURES_ARE_DISABLED2200
    QUERYING_NEAREST_USERS_BY_SESSION_ID_IS_DISABLED2201
    User - Info Related ErrorUPDATE_INFO_OF_NONEXISTENT_USER2300
    NOT_FRIEND_TO_QUERY_USER_PROFILE2301
    BLOCKED_USER_TO_QUERY_USER_PROFILE2302
    User - Permission Related ErrorQUERY_PERMISSION_OF_NONEXISTENT_USER2400
    User - Relationship Related ErrorADD_NON_RELATED_USER_TO_GROUP2500
    CREATE_EXISTING_RELATIONSHIP2501
    CANNOT_BLOCK_ONESELF2502
    User - Friend Request Related ErrorCREATE_EXISTING_FRIEND_REQUEST2600
    BLOCKED_USER_TO_SEND_FRIEND_REQUEST2601
    RECALL_NON_PENDING_FRIEND_REQUEST2602
    RECALLING_FRIEND_REQUEST_IS_DISABLED2603
    NOT_SENDER_TO_RECALL_FRIEND_REQUEST2604
    UPDATE_NON_PENDING_FRIEND_REQUEST2605
    NOT_RECIPIENT_TO_UPDATE_FRIEND_REQUEST2606
    Group - Info Related ErrorUPDATE_INFO_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP3000
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_INFO3001
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_INFO3002
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_INFO3003
    Group - Type Related ErrorNO_PERMISSION_TO_CREATE_GROUP_WITH_GROUP_TYPE3100
    CREATE_GROUP_WITH_NONEXISTENT_GROUP_TYPE3101
    UPDATING_GROUP_TYPE_IS_DISABLED3102
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_TYPE3103
    NO_PERMISSION_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_TO_GROUP_TYPE3104
    UPDATE_GROUP_TO_NONEXISTENT_GROUP_TYPE3105
    Group - Ownership Related ErrorNOT_ACTIVE_USER_TO_CREATE_GROUP3200
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_TRANSFER_GROUP3201
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_DELETE_GROUP3202
    GROUP_SUCCESSOR_NOT_GROUP_MEMBER3203
    GROUP_OWNER_QUIT_WITHOUT_SPECIFYING_SUCCESSOR3204
    MAX_OWNED_GROUPS_REACHED3205
    TRANSFER_NONEXISTENT_GROUP3206
    Group - Question Related ErrorNOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_CREATE_GROUP_QUESTION3300
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_DELETE_GROUP_QUESTION3301
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_QUESTION3302
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_QUERY_GROUP_QUESTION_ANSWER3303
    CREATE_GROUP_QUESTION_FOR_INACTIVE_GROUP3304
    CREATE_GROUP_QUESTION_FOR_GROUP_USING_JOIN_REQUEST3305
    CREATE_GROUP_QUESTION_FOR_GROUP_USING_INVITATION3306
    CREATE_GROUP_QUESTION_FOR_GROUP_USING_MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST3307
    GROUP_QUESTION_ANSWERER_HAS_BEEN_BLOCKED3308
    GROUP_MEMBER_ANSWER_GROUP_QUESTION3309
    ANSWER_INACTIVE_GROUP_QUESTION3310
    ANSWER_GROUP_QUESTION_OF_INACTIVE_GROUP3311
    Group - Member Related ErrorADD_USER_TO_GROUP_REQUIRING_USERS_APPROVAL3400
    ADD_USER_TO_INACTIVE_GROUP3401
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_ADD_GROUP_MANAGER3402
    ADD_USER_TO_GROUP_WITH_SIZE_LIMIT_REACHED3403
    ADD_BLOCKED_USER_TO_GROUP3404
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_ADD_GROUP_MEMBER3405
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_ADD_GROUP_MEMBER3406
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_ADD_GROUP_MEMBER3407
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_REMOVE_GROUP_MEMBER3408
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_REMOVE_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER3409
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_MEMBER_ROLE3410
    UPDATE_GROUP_MEMBER_ROLE_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP3411
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO3412
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO3413
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO3414
    UPDATE_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP3415
    UPDATE_INFO_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP_MEMBER3416
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_MUTE_GROUP_MEMBER3417
    MUTE_GROUP_MEMBER_WITH_ROLE_EQUAL_TO_OR_HIGHER_THAN_REQUESTER3418
    MUTE_GROUP_MEMBER_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP3419
    MUTE_NONEXISTENT_GROUP_MEMBER3420
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_QUERY_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO3421
    USER_JOIN_GROUP_WITHOUT_ACCEPTING_GROUP_INVITATION3422
    USER_JOIN_GROUP_WITHOUT_ANSWERING_GROUP_QUESTION3423
    USER_JOIN_GROUP_WITHOUT_SENDING_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3424
    Group - Blocklist Related ErrorNOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_ADD_BLOCKED_USER3500
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_REMOVE_BLOCKED_USER3501
    Group - Join Request Related ErrorBLOCKED_USER_SEND_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3600
    GROUP_MEMBER_SEND_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3601
    NOT_SENDER_TO_RECALL_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3602
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_QUERY_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3603
    RECALL_NON_PENDING_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3604
    SEND_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST_TO_INACTIVE_GROUP3605
    SEND_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST_TO_GROUP_USING_MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST3606
    SEND_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST_TO_GROUP_USING_INVITATION3607
    SEND_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST_TO_GROUP_USING_QUESTION3608
    RECALLING_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST_IS_DISABLED3609
    UPDATE_NON_PENDING_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3610
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3611
    Group - Invitation Related ErrorSEND_GROUP_INVITATION_TO_GROUP_MEMBER3700
    SEND_GROUP_INVITATION_TO_BLOCKED_USER3701
    SEND_GROUP_INVITATION_TO_GROUP_NOT_REQUIRING_USERS_APPROVAL3702
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_SEND_GROUP_INVITATION3703
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_SEND_GROUP_INVITATION3704
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_SEND_GROUP_INVITATION3705
    RECALLING_GROUP_INVITATION_IS_DISABLED3706
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_RECALL_GROUP_INVITATION3707
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_OR_SENDER_TO_RECALL_GROUP_INVITATION3708
    RECALL_NON_PENDING_GROUP_INVITATION3709
    UPDATE_NON_PENDING_GROUP_INVITATION3710
    NOT_INVITEE_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_INVITATION3711
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_QUERY_GROUP_INVITATION3712
    Conversation - Read Date Related ErrorUPDATING_READ_DATE_IS_DISABLED4000
    UPDATING_READ_DATE_IS_DISABLED_BY_GROUP4001
    UPDATING_READ_DATE_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP_CONVERSATION4002
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_UPDATE_READ_DATE_OF_GROUP_CONVERSATION4003
    MOVING_READ_DATE_FORWARD_IS_DISABLED4004
    Conversation - Typing Status Related ErrorUPDATING_TYPING_STATUS_IS_DISABLED4100
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_SEND_TYPING_STATUS4101
    NOT_FRIEND_TO_SEND_TYPING_STATUS4102
    Message - Send Related ErrorMESSAGE_RECIPIENT_NOT_ACTIVE5000
    NOT_FRIEND_TO_SEND_PRIVATE_MESSAGE5001
    BLOCKED_USER_SEND_PRIVATE_MESSAGE5002
    BLOCKED_USER_SEND_GROUP_MESSAGE5003
    SEND_MESSAGE_TO_INACTIVE_GROUP5004
    SEND_MESSAGE_TO_MUTED_GROUP5005
    SEND_MESSAGE_TO_NONEXISTENT_GROUP5006
    SENDING_MESSAGES_TO_ONESELF_IS_DISABLED5007
    MUTED_GROUP_MEMBER_SEND_MESSAGE5008
    NOT_SPEAKABLE_GROUP_GUEST_TO_SEND_MESSAGE5009
    MESSAGE_IS_ILLEGAL5010
    NOT_MESSAGE_RECIPIENT_OR_SENDER_TO_FORWARD_MESSAGE5011
    Message - Update Related ErrorUPDATING_MESSAGE_BY_SENDER_IS_DISABLED5100
    NOT_SENDER_TO_UPDATE_MESSAGE5101
    UPDATE_MESSAGE_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP5102
    UPDATING_GROUP_MESSAGE_BY_SENDER_IS_DISABLED5103
    Message - Recall Related ErrorRECALL_NONEXISTENT_MESSAGE5200
    RECALLING_MESSAGE_IS_DISABLED5201
    NOT_SENDER_TO_RECALL_MESSAGE5202
    RECALL_MESSAGE_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP5203
    MESSAGE_RECALL_TIMEOUT5204
    Message - Query Related ErrorNOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_QUERY_GROUP_MESSAGES5300
    Storage Related ErrorSTORAGE_NOT_IMPLEMENTED6000
    Storage - Message Attachment Related ErrorNOT_FRIEND_TO_UPLOAD_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_IN_PRIVATE_CONVERSATION6100
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_UPLOAD_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_IN_GROUP_CONVERSATION6101
    NOT_UPLOADER_TO_SHARE_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT6102
    NOT_UPLOADER_OR_GROUP_MANAGER_TO_UNSHARE_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_IN_GROUP_CONVERSATION6103
    NOT_UPLOADER_TO_UNSHARE_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_IN_PRIVATE_CONVERSATION6104
    NOT_UPLOADER_OR_GROUP_MANAGER_TO_DELETE_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_IN_GROUP_CONVERSATION6105
    NOT_UPLOADER_TO_DELETE_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_IN_PRIVATE_CONVERSATION6106
    NOT_UPLOADER_OR_SHARED_WITH_USER_TO_DOWNLOAD_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT6107
    Storage - Message Attachment Info Related ErrorNOT_FRIEND_TO_QUERY_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_INFO_IN_PRIVATE_CONVERSATION6130
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_QUERY_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_INFO_IN_GROUP_CONVERSATION6131

    SessionCloseStatus ​

    SessionCloseStatus indicates why the session was closed.

    For the specific status code declaration, please refer to im.turms.server.common.access.common.SessionCloseStatus class.

    Cause CategoryNameStatus CodeMeaning
    Illegal client behaviorILLEGAL_REQUEST100Illegal request
    HEARTBEAT_TIMEOUT110Heartbeat timeout
    LOGIN_TIMEOUT111Login timeout
    SWITCH112Session timeout, TCP or WebSocket switches to UDP and enters dormant keep-alive state
    Server behaviorSERVER_ERROR200Server exception error
    SERVER_CLOSED201The server enters shutdown state
    SERVER_UNAVAILABLE202Service Unavailable
    Network layer errorCONNECTION_CLOSED300No close frame received, the network layer connection is forcibly closed
    Unknown errorUNKNOWN_ERROR400Unknown server or client behavior error
    Closed by the userDISCONNECTED_BY_CLIENT500The current user actively requests to close the session
    DISCONNECTED_BY_OTHER_DEVICE501The current session is closed because the current user's other device is online
    The administrator actively closesDISCONNECTED_BY_ADMIN600The administrator actively closes the session through the API
    User status changeUSER_IS_DELETED_OR_INACTIVATED700User account is deleted or enters inactive state
    USER_IS_BLOCKED701User IP or User ID is blocked
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/server/deployment/config.html b/docs/server/deployment/config.html index 31391f28..f0ac9fe1 100644 --- a/docs/server/deployment/config.html +++ b/docs/server/deployment/config.html @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ --health-retries=3 \ --health-start-period=60s \ -v <your-jvm-options-file-path>:/opt/turms/turms-gateway/config/jvm.options:ro \ - ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-gateway

  • If via Docker Compose, you can use something like:

    • shell
    TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path> docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    powershell
    $env:TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path>;docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    Note: The above `TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF` path points to the path inside the mirror, not the path of the host. If you want to use the configuration file in the host machine, you need to modify the `docker-compose.standalone.yml` configuration file to use Docker's mounting mechanism, such as:
+  ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-gateway

  • If via Docker Compose, you can use something like:

    • shell
    TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path> docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    powershell
    $env:TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path>;docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    Note: The above `TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF` path points to the path inside the mirror, not the path of the host. If you want to use the configuration file in the host machine, you need to modify the `docker-compose.standalone.yml` configuration file to use Docker's mounting mechanism, such as:
 
 ```yaml
 turms-gateway:
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
     - <your-jvm-options-file-path>:/opt/turms/turms-gateway/config/jvm.options:ro
 ```

  • Modify the environment variable TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_OPTS (for turms-gateway) or TURMS_SERVICE_JVM_OPTS (for turms-service) to append a custom JVM configuration based on the JVM configuration file and override the declared JVM configuration. The specific modification method is the same as above, so it will not be repeated.

    Note: The format of this variable is: -D<name>=<value> -D<name>=<value>, such as: -Dspring.profiles.active=DEV -Dturms.cluster.discovery.address.advertise -host=myturms.

    • Turms server configuration ​

    Turms configurations fall into four broad categories:

    Configuration method ​

    1. The aforementioned TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF or TURMS_SERVICE_JVM_CONF, and TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_OPTS or TURMS_SERVICE_JVM_OPTS can also be used to configure the parameters of the Turms server.
    2. Modify the configuration file under application.yaml. specific method:
      1. Directly modify the application.yaml file under the server in the warehouse. Because if the configuration source file is modified, the user cannot use the official Turms Docker image, and needs to package it into a JAR package and create an image. Therefore, this method is generally only used for local development and testing, not for online use. environment.
      2. Use the Docker mounting method mentioned above to mount the custom server configuration file to the path /opt/turms/turms-gateway/config/application.yaml.
    3. Call the Admin HTTP API to modify, the path is: PUT /cluster/settings.

    Reminder: For the configuration of the plug-in itself, its configuration method is the same as that of the Turms server, except that it does not support dynamic modification using the Admin HTTP API for the time being, it can also be configured based on the above two methods ①②. For example, if a plug-in is a plug-in for the turms-gateway server, then the user can put the configuration of the plug-in itself into the TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_OPTS environment variable of the turms-gateway server.

    Profiles ​

    If developers need to use different configurations for the same Turms server configuration and switching, configuration sets can be used.

    By default, the configuration hard-coded in the source code of the Turms server and the configuration specified in the application.yaml file is the configuration of the default production environment. If developers want to switch to use other configuration sets, they can use other configuration sets by modifying the spring.profiles.active configuration in the application.yaml file.

    For example, a common use case: when developing and debugging locally, if you want to switch the production environment configuration to the default development environment configuration, the developer can change the spring.profiles.active value in the application.yaml file to dev , so that the Turms server will adopt the configuration specified in the two files application.yaml and application-dev.yaml (default development environment configuration), and the configuration priority in the application-dev.yaml file Higher, will override the default configuration.

    Introduction to Configuration Parameters ​

    Since there are hundreds of configuration items on the Turms server, this section only briefly introduces the configuration categories. If readers want to refer to the specific configuration items, they can refer to the codes of each configuration class under the im.turms.server.common.infra.property package, or continue to browse the configuration item descriptions provided in the Configuration Items section below.

    Reminder: After you compile the turms/turms-gateway server project locally, the compiler will generate the target/classes/META-INF/spring-configuration-metadata.json file. IntelliJ IDEA can automatically detect this file, and provide configuration prompts and completion functions when you enter Turms-related configuration, as shown in the following figure:

    Tumrs Service configuration ​
    CategoryClassField NameDescriptionSupplement
    Admin APIAdminApiPropertiesadminApiRelated configuration of administrator API interface
    Client APIClientApiPropertiesclientApiRelated configuration of client API interface
    Fake dataFakePropertiesfakeFake data related configuration
    Data SourceMongoPropertiesmongoMongoDB database related configurationTurms completely reuses the URI configuration of MongoDB. Reference document:
    https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/connection-string/
    TurmsRedisPropertiesredisRedis database configuration
    StatisticsStatisticsPropertiesstatisticsStatistics related configuration
    NotificationNotificationPropertiesnotificationNotification related configuration
    File storageStoragePropertiesstorageStorage related configuration
    Business behaviorUserPropertiesuserUser-related configuration
    GroupPropertiesgroupGroup related configuration
    ConversationPropertiesconversationMessage conversation service related configuration
    MessagePropertiesmessageMessage service related configuration
    Turms Gateway configuration ​
    CategoryClassField NameDescription
    Admin APIAdminApiPropertiesadminApiRelated configuration of admin API
    Client APIClientApiPropertiesclientApiClient-oriented HTTP access layer related configuration (that is, ReasonController related configuration)
    NotificationLoggingPropertiesnotificationLoggingNotification log related configuration
    Service interfaceUdpPropertiesudpUDP server related configuration
    TcpPropertiestcpTCP server configuration
    WebSocketPropertieswebsocketWebSocket server related configuration
    DiscoveryPropertiesserviceDiscoveryService discovery related configuration
    Fake dataFakePropertiesfakeFake data related configuration
    Data sourceMongoPropertiesmongoMongoDB database related configuration
    TurmsRedisPropertiesredisRedis database configuration
    Business BehaviorSimultaneousLoginPropertiessimultaneousLoginMulti-login related configuration
    SessionPropertiessessionsession related configuration
    Common general configuration ​
    classfield namedescription
    ClusterPropertiesclusterCluster related configuration. Including configuring current running node information, service discovery registration information, configuration center information, RPC parameters
    HealthCheckPropertieshealthCheckMonitor node health status
    IpPropertiesipPublic network IP detection related configuration
    LocationPropertieslocationUser coordinate related configuration
    LoggingPropertiesloggingBasic logging configuration
    PluginPropertiespluginPlugin related configuration
    SecurityPropertiessecurityUser and administrator password encryption related configuration
    UserStatusPropertiesuserStatusUser session (connection) status related configuration
    The configuration of the plugin itself ​

    If users want to check the configuration items of the official Turms server plugin, they can read the corresponding plugin documentation, which will list the configuration items provided by the plugin.

    server port number configuration ​

    ServerConfiguration ItemPortFunction
    turms-admin6510 (HTTP)Provides the web page of the background administrator system
    turms-service/turms-gatewayturms.cluster.connection.server.port7510 (TCP)Used for RPC of turms-service and turms-gateway servers
    turms-serviceturms.service.admin-api.http.port8510 (HTTP)Provide admin API and metrics API
    turms-gatewayturms.gateway.admin-api.http.port9510 (HTTP)Provide metrics API
    turms-gatewayturms.gateway.websocket.port10510 (WebSocket)Interact with the turms-client-js client
    turms-gatewayturms.gateway.tcp.port11510 (TCP)Interact with clients
    turms-gatewayturms.gateway.udp.port12510 (UDP)Interact with clients (clients are not supported yet).
    Note: UDP server is an experimental function, not in the first release plan

    configuration items ​

    Note: The table below does not include the configuration of the Turms server plugin.

    Configuration ItemsGlobal AttributesVariable AttributesData TypeDefault ValueDescription
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.address.advertise-host✅stringThe advertise address of the local node exposed to admins. (e.g. 100.131.251.96)
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.address.advertise-strategy✅enumPRIVATE_ADDRESSThe advertise strategy is used to decide which type of address should be used so that admins can access admin APIs and metrics APIs
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.address.attach-port-to-host✅booleantrueWhether to attach the local port to the host. e.g. The local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 9510 so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:9510
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.enabledbooleantrueWhether to enable the APIs for administrators
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.http.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.http.max-request-body-size-bytesint10485760
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.http.portint5510
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.log.enabled✅✅booleantrueWhether to log API calls
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.log.log-request-params✅✅booleantrueWhether to log the parameters of requests
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.rate-limiting.capacity✅✅int50The maximum number of tokens that the bucket can hold
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.rate-limiting.initial-tokens✅✅int50The initial number of tokens for new session
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.rate-limiting.refill-interval-millis✅✅int1000The time interval to refill. 0 means never refill
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.rate-limiting.tokens-per-period✅✅int50Refills the bucket with the specified number of tokens per period if the bucket is not full
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.use-authenticationbooleantrueWhether to use authentication. If false, all HTTP requesters will personate the root user and all HTTP requests will be passed. You may set it to false when you want to manage authentication via security groups, NACL, etc
    turms.ai-serving.ocr.orientation-possibility-thresholdfloat0.8
    turms.ai-serving.ocr.preferred-fontsList-FontProperties[
    {
    "familyName": "Noto Sans CJK SC",
    "style": "BOLD"
    },
    {
    "familyName": "Noto Sans",
    "style": "BOLD"
    }
    ]
    turms.cluster.connection.client.keepalive-interval-secondsint5
    turms.cluster.connection.client.keepalive-timeout-secondsint15
    turms.cluster.connection.client.reconnect-interval-secondsint15
    turms.cluster.connection.server.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.cluster.connection.server.portint7510
    turms.cluster.connection.server.port-auto-incrementbooleanfalse
    turms.cluster.connection.server.port-countint100
    turms.cluster.discovery.address.advertise-host✅stringThe advertise address of the local node exposed to admins. (e.g. 100.131.251.96)
    turms.cluster.discovery.address.advertise-strategy✅enumPRIVATE_ADDRESSThe advertise strategy is used to decide which type of address should be used so that admins can access admin APIs and metrics APIs
    turms.cluster.discovery.address.attach-port-to-host✅booleantrueWhether to attach the local port to the host. e.g. The local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 9510 so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:9510
    turms.cluster.discovery.delay-to-notify-members-change-secondsint3Delay notifying listeners on members change. Waits for seconds to avoid thundering herd
    turms.cluster.discovery.heartbeat-interval-secondsint10
    turms.cluster.discovery.heartbeat-timeout-secondsint30
    turms.cluster.idstringturms
    turms.cluster.node.active-by-defaultbooleantrue
    turms.cluster.node.idstringThe node ID must start with a letter or underscore, and matches zero or more of characters [a-zA-Z0-9_] after the beginning. e.g. "turms001", "turms_002". A node must have a unique ID. If not specified, Turms server will generate a random unique ID
    turms.cluster.node.leader-eligiblebooleantrueOnly works when it is a turms-service node
    turms.cluster.node.namestringThe node name must start with a letter or underscore, and matches zero or more of characters [a-zA-Z0-9_] after the beginning. e.g. "turms001", "turms_002". The node name can be duplicate in the cluster. If not specified, Turms server will use the node ID as the node name
    turms.cluster.node.priorityint0The priority to be a leader
    turms.cluster.node.zonestringe.g. "us-east-1" and "ap-east-1"
    turms.cluster.rpc.request-timeout-millisint30000The timeout for RPC requests in milliseconds
    turms.flight-recorder.closed-recording-retention-periodint0A closed recording will be retained for the given period and will be removed from the file system after the retention period. 0 means no retention. -1 means unlimited retention.
    turms.gateway.admin-api.address.advertise-host✅stringThe advertise address of the local node exposed to admins. (e.g. 100.131.251.96)
    turms.gateway.admin-api.address.advertise-strategy✅enumPRIVATE_ADDRESSThe advertise strategy is used to decide which type of address should be used so that admins can access admin APIs and metrics APIs
    turms.gateway.admin-api.address.attach-port-to-host✅booleantrueWhether to attach the local port to the host. e.g. The local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 9510 so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:9510
    turms.gateway.admin-api.enabledbooleantrueWhether to enable the APIs for administrators
    turms.gateway.admin-api.http.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.gateway.admin-api.http.max-request-body-size-bytesint10485760
    turms.gateway.admin-api.http.portint9510
    turms.gateway.admin-api.log.enabled✅✅booleantrueWhether to log API calls
    turms.gateway.admin-api.log.log-request-params✅✅booleantrueWhether to log the parameters of requests
    turms.gateway.admin-api.rate-limiting.capacity✅✅int50The maximum number of tokens that the bucket can hold
    turms.gateway.admin-api.rate-limiting.initial-tokens✅✅int50The initial number of tokens for new session
    turms.gateway.admin-api.rate-limiting.refill-interval-millis✅✅int1000The time interval to refill. 0 means never refill
    turms.gateway.admin-api.rate-limiting.tokens-per-period✅✅int50Refills the bucket with the specified number of tokens per period if the bucket is not full
    turms.gateway.admin-api.use-authenticationbooleantrueWhether to use authentication. If false, all HTTP requesters will personate the root user and all HTTP requests will be passed. You may set it to false when you want to manage authentication via security groups, NACL, etc
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.excluded-notification-categoriesSet-enum[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.excluded-notification-typesSet-enum[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.excluded-request-categoriesSet-enum[]Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.excluded-request-typesSet-enum[]Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.heartbeat-sample-ratefloat0
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.included-notification-categoriesLinkedHashSet-LoggingCategoryProperties[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.included-notificationsLinkedHashSet-LoggingRequestProperties[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.included-request-categoriesLinkedHashSet-LoggingCategoryProperties[
    {
    "category": "ALL",
    "sampleRate": 1
    }
    ]    		Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.included-requestsLinkedHashSet-LoggingRequestProperties[]Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.max-request-size-bytesint16384The client session will be closed and may be blocked if it tries to send a request larger than the size. Note: The average size of turms requests is 16~64 bytes
    turms.gateway.client-api.rate-limiting.capacity✅✅int50The maximum number of tokens that the bucket can hold
    turms.gateway.client-api.rate-limiting.initial-tokens✅✅int50The initial number of tokens for new session
    turms.gateway.client-api.rate-limiting.refill-interval-millis✅✅int1000The time interval to refill. 0 means never refill
    turms.gateway.client-api.rate-limiting.tokens-per-period✅✅int1Refills the bucket with the specified number of tokens per period if the bucket is not full
    turms.gateway.client-api.return-reason-for-server-errorbooleanfalseWhether to return the reason for the server error to the client. Note: 1. It may reveal sensitive data like the IP of internal servers if true; 2. turms-gateway never return the information of stack traces no matter it is true or false.
    turms.gateway.fake.enabledbooleanfalseWhether to fake clients. Note that faking only works in non-production environments
    turms.gateway.fake.first-user-idlong100
    turms.gateway.fake.request-count-per-intervalint10The number of requests to send per interval. If requestIntervalMillis is 1000, requestCountPerInterval is TPS in fact
    turms.gateway.fake.request-interval-millisint1000The interval to send request
    turms.gateway.fake.user-countint10Run the number of real clients as faked users with an ID from [firstUserId, firstUserId + userCount) to connect to turms-gateway. So please ensure you have set "turms.service.fake.userCount" to a number larger than or equal to (firstUserId + userCount)
    turms.gateway.notification-logging.enabledbooleanfalseWhether to parse the buffer of TurmsNotification to log. Note that the property has an impact on performance
    turms.gateway.service-discovery.advertise-host✅stringThe advertise address of the local node exposed to the public. The property can be used to advertise the DDoS Protected IP address to hide the origin IP address (e.g. 100.131.251.96)
    turms.gateway.service-discovery.advertise-strategy✅enumPRIVATE_ADDRESSThe advertise strategy is used to help clients or load balancing servers to access the local node. Note: For security, do NOT use "PUBLIC_ADDRESS" in production to prevent from exposing the origin IP address for DDoS attack.
    turms.gateway.service-discovery.attach-port-to-host✅booleantrueWhether to attach the local port to the host. For example, if the local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 10510, so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:10510
    turms.gateway.service-discovery.identity✅stringThe identity of the local node will be sent to clients as a notification if identity is not blank and "turms.gateway.session.notifyClientsOfSessionInfoAfterConnected" is true (e.g. "turms-east-0001")
    turms.gateway.session.client-heartbeat-interval-seconds✅✅int60The client heartbeat interval. Note that the value will NOT change the actual heartbeat behavior of clients, and the value is only used to facilitate related operations of turms-gateway
    turms.gateway.session.close-idle-session-after-seconds✅✅int180A session will be closed if turms server does not receive any request (including heartbeat request) from the client during closeIdleSessionAfterSeconds. References: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzAwNDY1ODY2OQ==&mid=207243549&idx=1&sn=4ebe4beb8123f1b5ab58810ac8bc5994&scene=0#rd
    turms.gateway.session.device-details.expire-after-secondsint2592000Device details information will expire after the specified time has elapsed. 0 means never expire
    turms.gateway.session.device-details.items✅✅List-DeviceDetailsItemProperties[]
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.enabled✅✅booleantrueWhether to authenticate and authorize users when logging in. Note that user ID is always required even if enabled is false. If false at startup, turms-gateway will not connect to the MongoDB server for user records
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.body-fieldsMap{
    "authenticated": true
    }
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.headersMap{}
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.status-codesSet-string[
    "2??"
    ]
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.headersMap{}
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.http-methodenumGET
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.timeout-millisint30000
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.urlstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa256.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa256.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa256.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa256.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa384.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa384.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa384.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa384.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa512.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa512.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa512.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa512.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac256.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac256.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac256.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac256.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac384.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac384.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac384.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac384.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac512.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac512.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac512.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac512.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps256.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps256.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps256.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps256.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps384.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps384.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps384.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps384.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps512.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps512.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps512.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps512.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa256.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa256.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa256.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa256.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa384.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa384.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa384.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa384.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa512.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa512.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa512.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa512.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.authentication.expectation.custom-payload-claimsMap{
    "authenticated": true
    }
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.verification.audiencestring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.verification.custom-payload-claimsMap{}
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.verification.issuerstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.hoststringlocalhostThe host of LDAP server for admin
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.passwordstringThe administrator's password for binding
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.portint389The port of LDAP server for admin
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.usernamestringThe administrator's username for binding
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.base-dnstringThe base DN from which all operations originate
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.hoststringlocalhostThe host of LDAP server for user
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.portint389The port of LDAP server for user
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.search-filterstringuid=$The search filter to find the user entry. "${userId}" is a placeholder and will be replaced with the user ID passed in the login request
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.typeenumPASSWORDNote that if the type is not PASSWORD, turms-gateway will not connect to the MongoDB server for user records
    turms.gateway.session.min-heartbeat-interval-seconds✅✅int18The minimum interval to refresh the heartbeat status by client requests to avoid refreshing the heartbeat status frequently
    turms.gateway.session.notify-clients-of-session-info-after-connected✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify clients of the session information after connected with the server
    turms.gateway.session.switch-protocol-after-seconds✅✅int540If the turms server only receives heartbeat requests from the client during switchProtocolAfterSeconds, the TCP/WebSocket connection will be closed with the close status "SWITCH" to indicate the client should keep sending heartbeat requests over UDP if they want to keep online. Note: 1. The property only works if UDP is enabled; 2. For browser clients, UDP is not supported
    turms.gateway.simultaneous-login.allow-device-type-others-login✅✅booleantrueWhether to allow the devices of DeviceType.OTHERS to login
    turms.gateway.simultaneous-login.allow-device-type-unknown-login✅✅booleantrueWhether to allow the devices of DeviceType.UNKNOWN to login
    turms.gateway.simultaneous-login.login-conflict-strategy✅✅enumDISCONNECT_LOGGED_IN_DEVICESThe login conflict strategy is used for servers to know how to behave if a device is logging in when there are conflicted and logged-in devices
    turms.gateway.simultaneous-login.strategy✅✅enumALLOW_ONE_DEVICE_OF_EACH_DEVICE_TYPE_ONLINEThe simultaneous login strategy is used to control which devices can be online at the same time
    turms.gateway.tcp.backlogint4096The maximum number of connection requests waiting in the backlog queue. Large enough to handle bursts and GC pauses but do not set too large to prevent SYN-Flood attacks
    turms.gateway.tcp.connect-timeout-millisint30000Used to mitigate the Slowloris DoS attack by lowering the timeout for the TCP connection handshake
    turms.gateway.tcp.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.gateway.tcp.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.gateway.tcp.portint-1
    turms.gateway.tcp.remote-address-source.proxy-protocol-modeenumOPTIONAL
    turms.gateway.tcp.session.close-timeout-millisint120000turms-gateway will send a TCP RST packet to the connection if the client has not closed the TCP connection within the specified time after turms-gateway has sent and flushed the session close notification. 0 means sending a TCP RST packet immediately after flushing the session close notification, and you should use 0 if you prefer fast connection close, but the client may never receive the last data sent by turms-gateway. -1 means no timeout and waiting for the client to close the connection forever. Positive value should be used when you prefer that turms-gateway waits for the client to receive within the specified time data and only close the connection when it exceeds the timeout
    turms.gateway.tcp.session.establish-timeout-millisint300000turms-gateway will close the TCP connection if the client has not established a user session within the specified time. 0 means no timeout
    turms.gateway.tcp.wiretapbooleanfalse
    turms.gateway.udp.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.gateway.udp.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.gateway.udp.portint-1
    turms.gateway.websocket.backlogint4096The maximum number of connection requests waiting in the backlog queue. Large enough to handle bursts and GC pauses but do not set too large to prevent SYN-Flood attacks
    turms.gateway.websocket.connect-timeout-millisint30000Used to mitigate the Slowloris DoS attack by lowering the timeout for the TCP connection handshake
    turms.gateway.websocket.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.gateway.websocket.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.gateway.websocket.portint-1
    turms.gateway.websocket.remote-address-source.http-header-modeenumOPTIONAL
    turms.gateway.websocket.remote-address-source.proxy-protocol-modeenumOPTIONAL
    turms.gateway.websocket.session.close-timeout-millisint120000turms-gateway will send and flush a WebSocket close frame, and then send a TCP RST packet to the connection if the client has not closed the WebSocket connection within the specified time after turms-gateway has sent and flushed the session close notification. 0 means sending and flushing a WebSocket close frame, and then sending a TCP RST packet immediately after flushing the session close notification, and you should use 0 if you prefer fast connection close, but the client may never receive the last data sent by turms-gateway. -1 means no timeout and waiting for the client to close the connection forever. Positive value should be used when you prefer that turms-gateway waits for the client to receive within the specified time data and only close the connection when it exceeds the timeout
    turms.gateway.websocket.session.establish-timeout-millisint300000turms-gateway will close the WebSocket connection if the client has not established a user session within the specified time. 0 means no timeout
    turms.health-check.check-interval-secondsint3
    turms.health-check.cpu.retriesint5
    turms.health-check.cpu.unhealthy-load-threshold-percentageint95
    turms.health-check.memory.direct-memory-warning-threshold-percentageint50Log warning messages if the used direct memory exceeds the max direct memory of the percentage
    turms.health-check.memory.heap-memory-gc-threshold-percentageint60If the used memory has used the reserved memory specified by maxAvailableMemoryPercentage and minFreeSystemMemoryBytes, try to start GC when the used heap memory exceeds the max heap memory of the percentage
    turms.health-check.memory.heap-memory-warning-threshold-percentageint95Log warning messages if the used heap memory exceeds the max heap memory of the percentage
    turms.health-check.memory.max-available-direct-memory-percentageint95The server will refuse to serve when the used direct memory exceeds the max direct memory of the percentage to try to avoid OutOfMemoryError
    turms.health-check.memory.max-available-memory-percentageint95The server will refuse to serve when the used memory (heap memory + JVM internal non-heap memory + direct buffer pool) exceeds the physical memory of the percentage. The server will try to reserve max(maxAvailableMemoryPercentage of the physical memory, minFreeSystemMemoryBytes) for kernel and other processes. Note that the max available memory percentage does not conflict with the usage of limiting memory in docker because docker limits the memory of the container, while this memory percentage only limits the available memory for JVM
    turms.health-check.memory.min-free-system-memory-bytesint134217728The server will refuse to serve when the free system memory is less than minFreeSystemMemoryBytes
    turms.health-check.memory.min-heap-memory-gc-interval-secondsint10
    turms.health-check.memory.min-memory-warning-interval-secondsint10
    turms.ip.cached-private-ip-expire-after-millis✅int60000The cached private IP will expire after the specified time has elapsed. 0 means no cache
    turms.ip.cached-public-ip-expire-after-millis✅int60000The cached public IP will expire after the specified time has elapsed. 0 means no cache
    turms.ip.public-ip-detector-addresses✅List-string[
    "https://checkip.amazonaws.com",
    "https://whatismyip.akamai.com",
    "https://ifconfig.me/ip",
    "https://myip.dnsomatic.com"
    ]    		The public IP detectors will only be used to query the public IP of the local node if needed (e.g. If the node discovery property "advertiseStrategy" is "PUBLIC_ADDRESS". Note that the HTTP response body must be a string of IP instead of a JSON
    turms.location.enabledbooleantrueWhether to handle users' locations
    turms.location.nearby-user-request.default-max-distance-meters✅✅int10000The default maximum allowed distance in meters
    turms.location.nearby-user-request.default-max-nearby-user-count✅✅short20The default maximum allowed number of nearby users
    turms.location.nearby-user-request.max-distance-meters✅✅int10000The maximum allowed distance in meters
    turms.location.nearby-user-request.max-nearby-user-count✅✅short100The maximum allowed number of nearby users
    turms.location.treat-user-id-and-device-type-as-unique-userbooleanfalseWhether to treat the pair of user ID and device type as a unique user when querying users nearby. If false, only the user ID is used to identify a unique user
    turms.logging.console.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.logging.console.levelenumINFO
    turms.logging.file.compression.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.logging.file.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.logging.file.file-pathstring@HOME/log/.log
    turms.logging.file.levelenumINFO
    turms.logging.file.max-file-size-mbint32
    turms.logging.file.max-filesint320
    turms.plugin.dirstringpluginsThe relative path of plugins
    turms.plugin.enabledbooleantrueWhether to enable plugins
    turms.plugin.java.allow-savebooleanfalseWhether to allow to save plugins using HTTP API
    turms.plugin.js.allow-savebooleanfalseWhether to allow to save plugins using HTTP API
    turms.plugin.js.debug.enabledbooleanfalseWhether to enable debugging
    turms.plugin.js.debug.inspect-hoststringlocalhostThe inspect host
    turms.plugin.js.debug.inspect-portint24242The inspect port
    turms.plugin.network.pluginsList-NetworkPluginProperties[]
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.connect-timeout-millisint60000The HTTP proxy connect timeout in millis
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.enabledbooleanfalseWhether to enable HTTP proxy
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.hoststringThe HTTP proxy host
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.passwordstringThe HTTP proxy password
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.portint8080The HTTP proxy port
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.usernamestringThe HTTP proxy username
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.corrupted-frame.block-levelsList-BlockLevel[
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 1800,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 3600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 0,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    }
    ]
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.corrupted-frame.block-trigger-timesint5Block the client when the block condition is triggered the times
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.corrupted-frame.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.corrupted-request.block-levelsList-BlockLevel[
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 1800,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 3600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 0,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    }
    ]
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.corrupted-request.block-trigger-timesint5Block the client when the block condition is triggered the times
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.corrupted-request.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.frequent-request.block-levelsList-BlockLevel[
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 1800,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 3600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 0,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    }
    ]
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.frequent-request.block-trigger-timesint5Block the client when the block condition is triggered the times
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.frequent-request.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.sync-blocklist-interval-millisint10000
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.corrupted-frame.block-levelsList-BlockLevel[
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 1800,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 3600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 0,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    }
    ]
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.corrupted-frame.block-trigger-timesint5Block the client when the block condition is triggered the times
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.corrupted-frame.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.corrupted-request.block-levelsList-BlockLevel[
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 1800,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 3600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 0,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    }
    ]
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.corrupted-request.block-trigger-timesint5Block the client when the block condition is triggered the times
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.corrupted-request.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.frequent-request.block-levelsList-BlockLevel[
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 1800,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 3600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 0,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    }
    ]
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.frequent-request.block-trigger-timesint5Block the client when the block condition is triggered the times
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.frequent-request.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.sync-blocklist-interval-millisint10000
    turms.security.password.admin-password-encoding-algorithmenumBCRYPTThe password encoding algorithm for admins
    turms.security.password.initial-root-passwordstringThe initial password of the root user
    turms.security.password.user-password-encoding-algorithmenumSALTED_SHA256The password encoding algorithm for users
    turms.service.admin-api.address.advertise-host✅stringThe advertise address of the local node exposed to admins. (e.g. 100.131.251.96)
    turms.service.admin-api.address.advertise-strategy✅enumPRIVATE_ADDRESSThe advertise strategy is used to decide which type of address should be used so that admins can access admin APIs and metrics APIs
    turms.service.admin-api.address.attach-port-to-host✅booleantrueWhether to attach the local port to the host. e.g. The local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 9510 so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:9510
    turms.service.admin-api.allow-delete-without-filter✅✅booleanfalseWhether to allow administrators to delete data without any filter. Better false to prevent administrators from deleting all data by accident
    turms.service.admin-api.default-available-records-per-request✅✅int10The default available records per query request
    turms.service.admin-api.enabledbooleantrueWhether to enable the APIs for administrators
    turms.service.admin-api.http.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.service.admin-api.http.max-request-body-size-bytesint10485760
    turms.service.admin-api.http.portint8510
    turms.service.admin-api.log.enabled✅✅booleantrueWhether to log API calls
    turms.service.admin-api.log.log-request-params✅✅booleantrueWhether to log the parameters of requests
    turms.service.admin-api.max-available-online-users-status-per-request✅✅int20The maximum available online users' status per query request
    turms.service.admin-api.max-available-records-per-request✅✅int1000The maximum available records per query request
    turms.service.admin-api.max-day-difference-per-count-request✅✅int31The maximum day difference per count request
    turms.service.admin-api.max-day-difference-per-request✅✅int90The maximum day difference per query request
    turms.service.admin-api.max-hour-difference-per-count-request✅✅int24The maximum hour difference per count request
    turms.service.admin-api.max-month-difference-per-count-request✅✅int12The maximum month difference per count request
    turms.service.admin-api.rate-limiting.capacity✅✅int50The maximum number of tokens that the bucket can hold
    turms.service.admin-api.rate-limiting.initial-tokens✅✅int50The initial number of tokens for new session
    turms.service.admin-api.rate-limiting.refill-interval-millis✅✅int1000The time interval to refill. 0 means never refill
    turms.service.admin-api.rate-limiting.tokens-per-period✅✅int50Refills the bucket with the specified number of tokens per period if the bucket is not full
    turms.service.admin-api.use-authenticationbooleantrueWhether to use authentication. If false, all HTTP requesters will personate the root user and all HTTP requests will be passed. You may set it to false when you want to manage authentication via security groups, NACL, etc
    turms.service.client-api.disabled-endpointsSet-enum[]The disabled endpoints for client requests. Return ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT if a client tries to access them
    turms.service.client-api.logging.excluded-notification-categoriesSet-enum[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.excluded-notification-typesSet-enum[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.excluded-request-categoriesSet-enum[]Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.excluded-request-typesSet-enum[]Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.included-notification-categoriesLinkedHashSet-LoggingCategoryProperties[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.included-notificationsLinkedHashSet-LoggingRequestProperties[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.included-request-categoriesLinkedHashSet-LoggingCategoryProperties[
    {
    "category": "ALL",
    "sampleRate": 1
    }
    ]    		Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.included-requestsLinkedHashSet-LoggingRequestProperties[]Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.allow-move-read-date-forward✅✅booleanfalseWhether to allow to move the last read date forward
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.enabled✅✅booleantrueWhether to allow to update the last read date
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.update-read-date-after-message-sent✅✅booleantrueWhether to update the read date after a user sent a message
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.update-read-date-when-user-querying-message✅✅booleanfalseWhether to update the read date when a user queries messages
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.use-server-time✅✅booleantrueWhether to use the server time to set the last read date when updating
    turms.service.conversation.typing-status.enabled✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify users of typing statuses sent by other users
    turms.service.fake.clear-all-collections-before-fakingbooleanfalseWhether to clear all collections before faking at startup
    turms.service.fake.enabledbooleanfalseWhether to fake data. Note that faking only works in non-production environments
    turms.service.fake.fake-if-collection-existsbooleanfalseWhether to fake data even if the collection has already existed
    turms.service.fake.user-countint1000the total number of users to fake
    turms.service.group.activate-group-when-created✅✅booleantrueWhether to activate a group when created by default
    turms.service.group.delete-group-logically-by-default✅✅booleantrueWhether to delete groups logically by default
    turms.service.group.invitation.allow-recall-pending-invitation-by-owner-and-manager✅✅booleanfalseWhether to allow the owner and managers of a group to recall pending group invitations
    turms.service.group.invitation.delete-expired-invitations-when-cron-triggered✅✅booleanfalseWhether to delete expired group invitations when the cron expression is triggered
    turms.service.group.invitation.expire-after-seconds✅✅int2592000A group invitation will become expired after the specified time has passed
    turms.service.group.invitation.expired-invitations-cleanup-cronstring0 15 2 * * *Clean the expired group invitations when the cron expression is triggered if "deleteExpiredInvitationsWhenCronTriggered" is true
    turms.service.group.invitation.max-content-length✅✅int200The maximum allowed length for the text of a group invitation
    turms.service.group.join-request.allow-recall-join-request-sent-by-oneself✅✅booleanfalseWhether to allow users to recall the join requests sent by themselves
    turms.service.group.join-request.delete-expired-join-requests-when-cron-triggered✅✅booleanfalseWhether to delete expired group join requests when the cron expression is triggered
    turms.service.group.join-request.expire-after-seconds✅✅int2592000A group join request will become expired after the specified time has elapsed
    turms.service.group.join-request.expired-join-requests-cleanup-cronstring0 30 2 * * *Clean the expired group join requests when the cron expression is triggered if "deleteExpiredJoinRequestsWhenCronTriggered" is true
    turms.service.group.join-request.max-content-length✅✅int200The maximum allowed length for the text of a group join request
    turms.service.group.member-cache-expire-after-seconds✅int15The group member cache will expire after the specified seconds. If 0, no group member cache
    turms.service.group.question.answer-content-limit✅✅int50The maximum allowed length for the text of a group question's answer
    turms.service.group.question.max-answer-count✅✅int10The maximum number of answers for a group question
    turms.service.group.question.question-content-limit✅✅int200The maximum allowed length for the text of a group question
    turms.service.message.allow-edit-message-by-sender✅✅booleantrueWhether to allow the sender of a message to edit the message
    turms.service.message.allow-recall-message✅✅booleantrueWhether to allow users to recall messages. Note: To recall messages, more system resources are needed
    turms.service.message.allow-send-messages-to-oneself✅✅booleanfalseWhether to allow users to send messages to themselves
    turms.service.message.allow-send-messages-to-stranger✅✅booleantrueWhether to allow users to send messages to a stranger
    turms.service.message.available-recall-duration-seconds✅✅int300The available recall duration for the sender of a message
    turms.service.message.cache.sent-message-cache-max-sizeint10240The maximum size of the cache of sent messages.
    turms.service.message.cache.sent-message-expire-afterint30The retention period of sent messages in the cache. For a better performance, it is a good practice to keep the value greater than the allowed recall duration
    turms.service.message.check-if-target-active-and-not-deleted✅✅booleantrueWhether to check if the target (recipient or group) of a message is active and not deleted
    turms.service.message.default-available-messages-number-with-total✅✅int1The default available messages number with the "total" field that users request
    turms.service.message.delete-message-logically-by-default✅✅booleantrueWhether to delete messages logically by default
    turms.service.message.expired-messages-cleanup-cronstring0 45 2 * * *Clean the expired messages when the cron expression is triggered
    turms.service.message.is-recalled-message-visible✅✅booleanfalseWhether to respond with recalled messages to clients' message query requests
    turms.service.message.max-records-size-bytes✅✅int15728640The maximum allowed size for the records of a message
    turms.service.message.max-text-limit✅✅int500The maximum allowed length for the text of a message
    turms.service.message.message-retention-period-hours✅✅int0A message will be retained for the given period and will be removed from the database after the retention period
    turms.service.message.persist-message✅✅booleantrueWhether to persist messages in databases. Note: If false, senders will not get the message ID after the message has sent and cannot edit it
    turms.service.message.persist-pre-message-id✅✅booleanfalseWhether to persist the previous message ID of messages in databases
    turms.service.message.persist-record✅✅booleanfalseWhether to persist the records of messages in databases
    turms.service.message.persist-sender-ip✅✅booleanfalseWhether to persist the sender IP of messages in databases
    turms.service.message.sequence-id.use-sequence-id-for-group-conversation✅booleanfalseWhether to use the sequence ID for group conversations so that the client can be aware of the loss of messages. Note that the property has a significant impact on performance
    turms.service.message.sequence-id.use-sequence-id-for-private-conversation✅booleanfalseWhether to use the sequence ID for private conversations so that the client can be aware of the loss of messages. Note that the property has a significant impact on performance
    turms.service.message.time-type✅✅enumLOCAL_SERVER_TIMEThe time type for the delivery time of message
    turms.service.message.use-conversation-id✅booleanfalseWhether to use conversation ID so that a user can query the messages sent by themselves in a conversation quickly
    turms.service.mongo.admin.optional-index.admin.registration-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.admin.optional-index.admin.role-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-blocked-user.block-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-blocked-user.requester-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-invitation.group-idbooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-invitation.inviter-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-invitation.response-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-join-request.creation-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-join-request.group-idbooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-join-request.responder-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-join-request.response-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-member.join-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-member.mute-end-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group.creation-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group.creator-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group.deletion-datebooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group.mute-end-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group.owner-idbooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group.type-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.message.optional-index.message.deletion-datebooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.message.optional-index.message.reference-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.message.optional-index.message.sender-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.message.optional-index.message.sender-ipbooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.message.tiered-storage.auto-range-updater.cronstring0 0 3 * * *
    turms.service.mongo.message.tiered-storage.auto-range-updater.enabled✅✅booleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.message.tiered-storage.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.message.tiered-storage.tiersLinkedHashMap{
    "cold": {
    "days": 270,
    "enabled": true,
    "shards": [
    ""
    ]
    },
    "frozen": {
    "days": 0,
    "enabled": true,
    "shards": [
    ""
    ]
    },
    "hot": {
    "days": 30,
    "enabled": true,
    "shards": [
    ""
    ]
    },
    "warm": {
    "days": 60,
    "enabled": true,
    "shards": [
    ""
    ]
    }
    }    		The storage properties for tiers from hot to cold. Note that the order of the tiers is important
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-friend-request.recipient-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-friend-request.requester-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-friend-request.response-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-relationship-group-member.group-indexbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-relationship-group-member.join-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-relationship-group-member.related-user-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-relationship.establishment-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.notification.friend-request-created.notify-friend-request-recipient✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the recipient when the requester has created a friend request
    turms.service.notification.friend-request-created.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have created a friend request
    turms.service.notification.friend-request-replied.notify-friend-request-requester✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester when a recipient has replied to the friend request sent by the requester
    turms.service.notification.friend-request-replied.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have replied to a friend request
    turms.service.notification.group-blocked-user-added.notify-blocked-user✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify the user when they have been blocked by a group
    turms.service.notification.group-blocked-user-added.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify group members when a user has been blocked by a group
    turms.service.notification.group-blocked-user-added.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have added a blocked user to a group
    turms.service.notification.group-blocked-user-removed.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify group members when a user is unblocked by a group
    turms.service.notification.group-blocked-user-removed.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have removed a blocked user from a group
    turms.service.notification.group-blocked-user-removed.notify-unblocked-user✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify the user when they are unblocked by a group
    turms.service.notification.group-conversation-read-date-updated.notify-other-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify other group members when a group member has updated their read date in a group conversation
    turms.service.notification.group-conversation-read-date-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated the read date in a group conversation
    turms.service.notification.group-created.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have created a group
    turms.service.notification.group-deleted.notify-group-members✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify group members when a group owner has updated their group
    turms.service.notification.group-deleted.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have deleted a group
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-added.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify group members when a user has been invited
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-added.notify-group-owner-and-managers✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the group owner and managers when a user has been invited
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-added.notify-invitee✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the user when they have been invited by a group member
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-added.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have invited a user to a group
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-recalled.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify group members when an invitation has been recalled
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-recalled.notify-group-owner-and-managers✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the group owner and managers when an invitation has been recalled
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-recalled.notify-invitee✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the invitee when a group member has recalled their received group invitation
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-recalled.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have recalled a group invitation
    turms.service.notification.group-join-request-created.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify group members when a user has created a group join request for their group
    turms.service.notification.group-join-request-created.notify-group-owner-and-managers✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the group owner and managers when a user has created a group join request for their group
    turms.service.notification.group-join-request-created.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have created a group join request
    turms.service.notification.group-join-request-recalled.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify group members when a user has recalled a group join request for their group
    turms.service.notification.group-join-request-recalled.notify-group-owner-and-managers✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the group owner and managers when a user has recalled a group join request for their group
    turms.service.notification.group-join-request-recalled.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have recalled a group join request
    turms.service.notification.group-member-added.notify-added-group-member✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the group member when added by others
    turms.service.notification.group-member-added.notify-other-group-members✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify other group members when a group member has been added
    turms.service.notification.group-member-added.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have added a group member
    turms.service.notification.group-member-info-updated.notify-other-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify other group members when a group member's information has been updated
    turms.service.notification.group-member-info-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated their group member information
    turms.service.notification.group-member-info-updated.notify-updated-group-member✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify the group member when others have updated their group member information
    turms.service.notification.group-member-online-status-updated.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify other group members when a member's online status has been updated
    turms.service.notification.group-member-removed.notify-other-group-members✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify other group members when a group member has been removed
    turms.service.notification.group-member-removed.notify-removed-group-member✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the group member when removed by others
    turms.service.notification.group-member-removed.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they removed a group member
    turms.service.notification.group-updated.notify-group-members✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify group members when the group owner or managers have updated their group
    turms.service.notification.group-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated a group
    turms.service.notification.message-created.notify-message-recipients✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the message recipients when a sender has created a message to them
    turms.service.notification.message-created.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have created a message
    turms.service.notification.message-updated.notify-message-recipients✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the message recipients when a sender has updated a message sent to them
    turms.service.notification.message-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated a message
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-deleted.notify-relationship-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify members when a one-side relationship group owner has deleted the group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-deleted.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have deleted a relationship group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-member-added.notify-new-relationship-group-member✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify the new member when a user has added them to their one-sided relationship group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-member-added.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have added a new member to their one-sided relationship group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-member-removed.notify-removed-relationship-group-member✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify the removed member when a user has removed them from their one-sided relationship group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-member-removed.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have removed a new member from their one-sided relationship group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-updated.notify-relationship-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify members when a one-side relationship group owner has updated the group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated a relationship group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-updated.notify-related-user✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify the related user when a user has updated a one-sided relationship with them
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated a one-sided relationship
    turms.service.notification.private-conversation-read-date-updated.notify-contact✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify another contact when a contact has updated their read date in a private conversation
    turms.service.notification.private-conversation-read-date-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated the read date in a private conversation
    turms.service.notification.user-info-updated.notify-non-blocked-related-users✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify non-blocked related users when a user has updated their information
    turms.service.notification.user-info-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated their information
    turms.service.notification.user-online-status-updated.notify-non-blocked-related-users✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify non-blocked related users when a user has updated their online status
    turms.service.notification.user-online-status-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated their online status
    turms.service.push-notification.apns.bundle-idstring
    turms.service.push-notification.apns.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.service.push-notification.apns.key-idstring
    turms.service.push-notification.apns.sandbox-enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.service.push-notification.apns.signing-keystring
    turms.service.push-notification.apns.team-idstring
    turms.service.push-notification.fcm.credentialsstring
    turms.service.push-notification.fcm.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.service.statistics.log-online-users-number✅✅booleantrueWhether to log online users number
    turms.service.statistics.online-users-number-logging-cronstring0/15 * * * * *The cron expression to specify the time to log online users' number
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.allowed-content-typestringimage/*The allowed "Content-Type" of the resource that the client can upload
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.allowed-referrersList-string[]Restrict access to the resource to only allow the specific referrers (e.g. "https://github.com/turms-im/turms/*")
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.download-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.expire-after-daysint0Delete the resource the specific days after creation. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.max-size-bytesint1048576The maximum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.min-size-bytesint0The minimum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.upload-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.allowed-content-typestring/The allowed "Content-Type" of the resource that the client can upload
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.allowed-referrersList-string[]Restrict access to the resource to only allow the specific referrers (e.g. "https://github.com/turms-im/turms/*")
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.download-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.expire-after-daysint0Delete the resource the specific days after creation. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.max-size-bytesint1048576The maximum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.min-size-bytesint0The minimum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.upload-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.allowed-content-typestringimage/*The allowed "Content-Type" of the resource that the client can upload
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.allowed-referrersList-string[]Restrict access to the resource to only allow the specific referrers (e.g. "https://github.com/turms-im/turms/*")
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.download-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.expire-after-daysint0Delete the resource the specific days after creation. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.max-size-bytesint1048576The maximum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.min-size-bytesint0The minimum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.upload-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.user.activate-user-when-added✅✅booleantrueWhether to activate a user when added by default
    turms.service.user.delete-two-sided-relationships✅✅booleanfalseWhether to delete the two-sided relationships when a user requests to delete a relationship
    turms.service.user.delete-user-logically✅✅booleantrueWhether to delete a user logically
    turms.service.user.friend-request.allow-send-request-after-declined-or-ignored-or-expired✅✅booleanfalseWhether to allow resending a friend request after the previous request has been declined, ignored, or expired
    turms.service.user.friend-request.delete-expired-requests-when-cron-triggered✅✅booleanfalseWhether to delete expired when the cron expression is triggered
    turms.service.user.friend-request.expired-user-friend-requests-cleanup-cronstring0 0 2 * * *Clean expired friend requests when the cron expression is triggered if deleteExpiredRequestsWhenCronTriggered is true
    turms.service.user.friend-request.friend-request-expire-after-seconds✅✅int2592000A friend request will become expired after the specified time has elapsed
    turms.service.user.friend-request.max-content-length✅✅int200The maximum allowed length for the text of a friend request
    turms.service.user.max-intro-length✅✅int100The maximum allowed length for a user's intro
    turms.service.user.max-name-length✅✅int20The maximum allowed length for a user's name
    turms.service.user.max-password-length✅✅int16The maximum allowed length for a user's password
    turms.service.user.max-profile-picture-length✅✅int100The maximum allowed length for a user's profile picture
    turms.service.user.min-password-length✅✅int-1The minimum allowed length for a user's password. If 0, it means the password can be an empty string "". If -1, it means the password can be null
    turms.service.user.respond-offline-if-invisible✅✅booleanfalseWhether to respond to client with the OFFLINE status if a user is in INVISIBLE status
    turms.shutdown.job-timeout-millislong120000Wait for a job 2 minutes at most for extreme cases by default. Though it is a long time, graceful shutdown is usually better than force shutdown.
    turms.user-status.cache-user-sessions-statusbooleantrueWhether to cache the user sessions status
    turms.user-status.user-sessions-status-cache-max-sizeint-1The maximum size of the cache of users' sessions status
    turms.user-status.user-sessions-status-expire-afterint60The life duration of each remote user's sessions status in the cache. Note that the cache will make the presentation of users' sessions status inconsistent during the time
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/server/deployment/distribution.html b/docs/server/deployment/distribution.html index 70b2c273..dfef1e55 100644 --- a/docs/server/deployment/distribution.html +++ b/docs/server/deployment/distribution.html @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ net.ipv4.tcp_moderate_rcvbuf = 1 # Default: 1. TCP uses 16 bits to record the window size, and the maximum value can be 65535B. If this value is exceeded, the tcp_window_scaling mechanism needs to be enabled net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1

    Once configured, execute sudo sysctl -p to load the latest configuration of sysctl.

    Special mention is: we are in system resource management mentioned that the Turms server will reserve part of the memory for the system Kernel, this part of memory mainly refers to the buffer of the above-mentioned TCP connection.

    Initial congestion window (initcwnd) configuration ​

    Keep the default value: 10MSS.

    Reference documents:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/server/deployment/getting-started.html b/docs/server/deployment/getting-started.html index aaaf8f0d..aa34d889 100644 --- a/docs/server/deployment/getting-started.html +++ b/docs/server/deployment/getting-started.html @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ docker run -p 6510:6510 ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-admin docker run -p 7510:7510 -p 8510:8510 ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-service docker run --ulimit nofile=102400:102400 -p 7510:7510 -p 9510:9510 -p 10510:10510 -p 11510:11510 -p 12510:12510 ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-gateway

    In addition, you can use custom application.yaml and jvm.options by volume mounting. For example, configure -v /your-custom-config-dir:/opt/turms/turms/config.

    Solution 2: Download and decompress the Turms server compressed package (since v.0.10.0 has not been released on the release page, this scheme is not available at the moment), run according to the following steps:

    Solution 3: Clone the source code of the Turms warehouse, and run the turms-gateway and turms-service servers directly through the IDE. (Reference command: git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/turms-im/turms.git)

    Notes:

    The general process of Turms server startup and shutdown ​

    Start the process ​

    1. Connect and verify mongos and Redis server.
    2. Check whether MongoDB has created a table. If the table has already been built, skip this step. If not, proceed: create tables, add indexes, add shard keys, and add Zones for separate storage of hot and cold data. If MongoDB's fake data is enabled, turms-service will automatically generate fake data to MongoDB for development and testing.
    3. For the turms-service server, it will detect whether there is already a super administrator account with the role ROOT and the account turms in MongoDB. If it does not exist, an administrator account with role ROOT, name turms and password turms.security.password.initial-root-password (default: turms) will be created for MongoDB.
    4. Register the local Node node to the service registration center. If the registration is successful, pull and apply the global configuration of the cluster, and build an RPC server to receive RPC client connections. If it fails, throw an exception and exit the process.
    5. Open the Admin HTTP server to receive admin API requests. In addition, for turms-gateway, the gateway server (such as TCP/WebSocket) must be opened to receive client connections and requests.
    6. For turms-gateway, if the Fake client is enabled, a real client connection is generated and a real client request is randomly sent (random request type, random request parameters) for development and testing.

    At this point, the server is started.

    Shutdown Process ​

    (for turms-gateway)

    1. Deny new client network connections and client requests.
    2. Close the fake clients and close the established client sessions.
    3. Shut down the servers that connects to TCP, UDP, or WebSocket clients and the HTTP admin API server.

    (for turms-gateway and turms-service) 4. Turn off the blocklist synchronization mechanism. 5. Close cluster services (such as the connection between RPC nodes, service registration and discovery service). 6. Turn off the plugin mechanism. 7. After sending requests to Redis and MongoDB, close the network connections from Turms server to Redis and MongoDB. 8. After flushing all logs, close the log service.

    At this point, the server shutdown is complete.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/server/development/code.html b/docs/server/development/code.html index b0579f93..773cd15b 100644 --- a/docs/server/development/code.html +++ b/docs/server/development/code.html @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ } return sink.asMono(); }

    At this point, the processing flow of the RPC sender ends.

    In particular, the reason why request ID is not encoded upstream is because some RPC requests may be sent to multiple RPC receivers, such as group messages are often forwarded to multiple turms-gateway services end, and through separate encoding, the byte data transmitted from the upstream can be shared without memory copying, which greatly improves memory usage. This is one of the reasons why Turms develops its own RPC service.

    RPC receiver of HandleServiceRequest ​

    TODO

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/server/development/plugin.html b/docs/server/development/plugin.html index a425cf38..274e5fe5 100644 --- a/docs/server/development/plugin.html +++ b/docs/server/development/plugin.html @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ } export default MyTurmsPlugin;

    Notes:

    Notes:

    Main Global Objects ​

    TODO

    Plugin Debugging Steps ​

    In Debug mode (configure turms.plugin.js.debug.enabled to true, you can start Debug mode):

    1. When the plugin host Turms Java server calls the JavaScript plugin function implemented by the proxy of the Java Proxy class (the proxy implementation source code is in: im.turms.server.common.infra.plugin.JsExtensionPointInvocationHandler), listen to JavaScript The WebSocket Debugger server of the plugin will wait for the developer to start the Debugger of the Chrome browser to ensure that the JavaScript plugin code will not be executed until the developer binds the Debugger. At this time, the Java calling thread that calls the JavaScript plugin function will enter the WAITING state, and wait for the execution of the JavaScript plugin function to complete.

    2. In order to monitor the implementation of the JavaScript plugin code, the developer needs to open the Chrome browser and enter the monitoring address of the WebSocket Debugger server that monitors the JavaScript plugin. The developer can set a breakpoint for the JavaScript plugin code on this page for debugging. Among them, the listening address of the server will be printed on the console by the Turms server, similar to:

      Debugger listening on ws://127.0.0.1:24242/bd62b7be-bdec-48a6-9ad0-9314af33d531 For help, see: https://www.graalvm.org/tools/chrome-debugger E.g. in Chrome open: devtools://devtools/bundled/js_app.html?ws=127.0.0.1:24242/bd62b7be-bdec-48a6-9ad0-9314af33d531

      Among them, devtools://devtools/bundled/js_app.html?ws=127.0.0.1:24242/bd62b7be-bdec-48a6-9ad0-9314af33d531 is the listening address.

    3. After the Chrome Debugger is bound, the JavaScript plugin function will start to execute

    4. After the JavaScript plugin function is executed, the Java calling thread will enter the RUNNABLE state, and the Java proxy function will then return the data returned by the JavaScript plugin function.

    configuration items ​

    config namedefault valuedescription
    turms.plugin.enabledtrueWhether to enable the plugin mechanism
    turms.plugin.dirpluginsDirectory where local plugins are located. The Turms server will load plugins from this directory
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.enabledfalseWhether to enable HTTP proxy when downloading network plugins
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.usernameHTTP proxy username
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.passwordHTTP proxy password
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.hostHTTP proxy hostname
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.port8080HTTP proxy port number
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.connect-timeout-millis60_000HTTP proxy connection timeout (milliseconds)
    turms.plugin.network.plugins[?].urlPlugin URL
    turms.plugin.network.plugins[?].typeAUTOPlugin type.
    When the value is AUTO, the Turms server will detect the type of plugin according to the path of the URL: if the URL ends with .jar, it is judged as a Java plugin; if the URL ends with .js, then It is judged as a JavaScript plugin, otherwise the Turms server will throw an exception that the plugin type cannot be recognized.
    When the value is JAVA, it is a Java plugin type
    When the value is JAVA_SCRIPT, it is a JavaScript plugin type
    turms.plugin.network.plugins[?].use-local-cachefalseWhether to use local plugin cache. If false, the Turms server will re-download plugins every time it starts
    turms.plugin.network.plugins[?].download.http-methodGETHTTP request method type when requesting plugin URL
    turms.plugin.network.plugins[?].download.timeout-millis60_000Timeout for downloading plugins (milliseconds)

    OpenAPI address: http://playground.turms.im:8510/openapi/ui#/plugin-controller

    ControllerPathRoleGeneral
    PluginControllerGET /pluginsQuery plugins✅
    PUT /pluginsUpdate plugins✅
    DELETE /pluginsDelete plugins✅
    POST /plugins/javaAdd Java plugin✅
    POST /plugins/jsAdd JavaScript plugins✅
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/server/development/redevelopment.html b/docs/server/development/redevelopment.html index 201cd21d..0be0dc4d 100644 --- a/docs/server/development/redevelopment.html +++ b/docs/server/development/redevelopment.html @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ yum install redis systemctl start redis systemctl enable redis

    For the Windows platform, you can download the Windows version from tporadowski/redis for local development and testing.

  • Download, install and start the MongoDB shard cluster

  • After confirming that the Redis server and the MongoDB shard cluster are running normally, you can start the Turms server

    • Notes:

    About Task Difficulty ​

    For teams that are planning to do secondary development based on Turms (change the source code of the Turms project itself), you can refer to the task difficulty table below to assign tasks to members.

    The difficulty value of the task ranges from 0 to 10, where:

    Server ​

    "Code implementation difficulty" is mainly considered from two perspectives, one is the logic complexity, and the other is the workload (the degree of tediousness, mainly relying on "physical strength" to achieve). For example, the same amount of self-developed implementation of spring-webflux, its logical complexity is 1~3, but the workload is 5~6, and the combination of the two is 5~6. The algorithm implementation is generally high logic complexity and low workload.

    Requirements AnalysisRelevant Process DesignCode Implementation Difficulty (Prerequisite: Code Implementation Must Be Efficient)
    IM basic business functions3~7. It is necessary to consider whether all IM service features are logically consistent, and whether they can be implemented efficiently (reverse inference or restriction of IM service requirements), etc.4~6: Initial stage. For example, messages use read-diffusion, write-diffusion, and read-write hybrid technology selection. Various notification push, pull, and push-pull hybrid technology selection
    1~2: current stage    		1~3. Most of them are regular CRUD operations. The difficulty of the individual 3 tasks is to balance the contradiction between code elegance and efficient implementation, and it is more of a code design problem.
    Expanded functions2~53~4: Initial stage
    1~2: Current stage    		2: Current limiting and anti-brush mechanism
    4~5: Global blacklist
    7~8 : Realization of sensitive words
    Middleware implementation and basic library1~31~31~4.
    1: such as metrics, distributed snowflake ID distributor
    2~3: such as logs, distributed configuration center
    3~4: such as plug-in mechanism, RPC, service registration and discovery
    />
    Bug correction0~30~31: Most of the regular bugs
    Turms seldom fix bugs in isolation. Generally, before fixing bugs, it is necessary to deduce whether the business process design that caused the bug is reasonable. Is there any? Optimizing the space, followed by fixing this bug.
    And hard-to-correct bugs generally have nothing to do with code implementation. Generally, hard-to-correct bugs are due to loopholes in the process design.
    For example, if there is a problem with the architecture design, the architecture of read diffusion should be used, but write diffusion is used. If the design of the bottom layer is wrong, no matter how the upper layer is changed, it will only scratch the surface.
    Custom Algorithms and Data Structures11~21: General custom data structures. Such as im.turms.server.common.infra.collection.FastEnumMap
    2: lock-free thread-safe custom data structure, such as: im.turms.server.common.infra.collection.ConcurrentEnumMap, im.turms.server.common.infra.throttle.TokenBucket
    4~5: lock-free thread-safe custom Growable data structure, such as im.turms.server.common.infra.collection.SpscGrowableLongRingBuffer
    8: im.turms.plugin.antispam.ac.AhoCorasickDoubleArrayTrie in sensitive words

    General comments:

    Special mention: Requirements analysis is required for not doing a function. For example, the process of some functions of Turms has been designed, and its code implementation has also been written. But in the end, considering that this requirement may conflict with other requirement logics, or that the requirement is dispensable due to a large performance loss, these functions will always be in a pending state that has been implemented but not released.

    turms-admin ​

    turms-admin itself has no technical difficulties, the code level and implementation are relatively standardized, and there is no nesting problem of a large number of heterogeneous sub-projects in medium and large front-end projects due to historical reasons (for example, the root project uses Backbone, and nested in this The sub-projects of the root project mix Vue, Angular, React, etc., and various dependency version conflicts), so junior front-end engineers should be able to get started and do second development.

    The proportion of time to make a new UI feature is generally: requirements analysis (40%) > UI design (30%) >= code implementation (30%)

    turms-client ​

    Turms-client itself has no technical difficulties, and the code level and implementation are relatively standardized. Junior engineers should be able to get started and do second development.

    Relatively speaking, the difficulty of turms-client is that the API interface design "try to make the interface as the name suggests, while ensuring that developers have the ability to expand the underlying layer".

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/server/development/rules.html b/docs/server/development/rules.html index 0da88826..0fabf509 100644 --- a/docs/server/development/rules.html +++ b/docs/server/development/rules.html @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ }); }) ...

    As mentioned above, this piece of code performs the notification delivery operation through the notifyRelatedUsersOfAction function. We don't care about its internal implementation. We only need to pass subscribe(...) at the most upstream to ensure that it can catch the exceptions that may be thrown. and print it.

    There are and only custom exception classes inherited from RuntimeException ​

    In the Turms server project, there are and only exception classes inherited from RuntimeException can be customized, and exception classes inherited from Exception (Checked Exception) are prohibited from being customized.

    The discussion on whether to use Checked Exception or Unchecked Exception has been divided so far, but now many articles directly criticize Checked Exception as a design failure of Java, and later languages such as Kotlin/Scala/C# don’t even have it at all. The concept of Checked Exception, and now most of the well-known large and medium-sized open source projects generally only customize the subclasses of RuntimeException, but not the subclasses of Checked Exception.

    Common reasons why Checked Exception is bad design include:

    For the Turms server project, considering that the only scenario where Checked Exception can really play a role is: in individual scenarios, when designing downstream functional modules, it is known that the upstream caller code needs to be based on various events thrown downstream. Exceptions are distinguished by exceptions. In order to ensure that the upstream does not miss processing some exceptions thrown by the downstream, you can consider using Checked Exception. But since this kind of scenario is very rare, it is also very bad practice to design downstream code according to the logic of upstream caller code.

    Therefore, in order to avoid various problems caused by Checked Exception, unify the exception design style, and avoid wasting time on "why are they all modules of a certain type, module A uses a certain type of exception, and module B uses a certain type of exception "For such insignificant disputes, in the Turms server project, there are and only exception classes that inherit from RuntimeException, and it is forbidden to customize exception classes that inherit from Exception (Checked Exception).

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    Testing ​

    About stress testing ​

    Why doesn't the Turms server provide a stress test report ​

    For two simple Java functions that do the same function, we can easily test their respective performance through JMH. But for projects as large as Turms, there is no such silver bullet. Its complexity is mainly reflected in the following three aspects:

    1. Turms supports a variety of different architectures, and many functions also support opening and closing.

      For example, in configuration parameters It is mentioned in the chapter that some use cases do not even require data storage, so under the same conditions, the natural throughput of applications without storage is faster than those with storage.

      Another example is our About message accessibility, order and repeatability mentions that the Turms server disables the 100% message delivery is supported. The reason is that there is a price to support 100% message delivery. It requires at least one Redis server to distribute serial numbers at the session level. Every time a message is sent, a serial number needs to be requested. The throughput is naturally not as good as the scenario that does not support 100% message delivery.

      Another example is whether the server needs to push the user status when the user logs in. For scenarios that do not need to be pushed, the pressure on the server is naturally much less than that for scenarios that need to be pushed.

      Another example is in the Observability System - Log chapter It is mentioned that the Turms server defaults and recommends 100% log sampling of user requests, and 100% sampling requires a large number of I/O operations, and its throughput is naturally not as good as that of operations that do not sample at all.

    2. For the realization of most of the business requests, most of the requests sent by the Turms server to MongoDB are used for user authority verification and data verification, and only a small part are for the final execution of the business functions instructed by the users. For example, if user A bans user B in group 123, the status of user A, user B, and group 123 must be checked separately, and user B will be banned only if all checks pass. Without these checks, the throughput will naturally be much higher, but there is no real project other than toy projects that will not do checks.

    3. The Turms server usually deletes related data through distributed transactions when deleting certain business data. Without distributed transactions, the throughput will naturally be higher than with distributed transactions, but it is easy to generate dirty data.

    4. Turms provides many caching functions and will support more caching functions in the future. Caching is a classic example of trading space for time. Taking the group member cache as an example, when a group member sends a message, the Turms server needs to query the member list of the group. For the scenario where the cache is used, the Turms server can query based on the local Map, and its throughput is naturally much higher than the scenario where the query request is sent to the database without using the cache, but the advantage of the scenario without using the cache lies in the group list High real-time performance.

    5. The stress test results of stand-alone and distributed are also completely different. Even the Turms server will support: In the stand-alone deployment scenario, the Turms server supports Unix Domain Socket without using TCP connections.

    To sum up, if Turms only wants to write a good-looking stress test report, the Turms server does not need to store any data, guarantee that messages will arrive, push user status, or perform permission verification, data verification and logging on user requests. Sampling, all business operations do not use transactions, all data is cached for a long time, etc., the final throughput is naturally high, but such a stress test report is like a castle in the air, and not many real scenarios will use such a set of configurations . This is not only the reason why our developers of medium and large applications are reluctant to provide simple stress test reports, but also the reason why we do not trust the pressure test reports provided by other medium and large applications.

    When we look at the performance of any application, whether it is fast or slow, we mainly ask "why is it so fast/slow?". For example, when we are researching why the JVM takes up so much memory, if we only see Java's extremely redundant and common object headers, we will sigh "It turns out that it is a redundant design problem, it is the author's bad design, no wonder takes up so much memory”, but if we look at the design and use of Code Cache by JVM, we will sigh again, “It turns out that space is exchanged for time, and it is the author’s good intentions. No wonder it takes up so much memory”, and the evaluation direction is completely different. .

    In the final analysis, laymen watch the excitement, and experts watch the way. Not to mention medium and large applications, even if it is a small Java library, we can't believe it when we look at its performance report. For example, Log4j2 shows its excellent performance in its performance report, but if we read its source code, we will find that Log4j2 The implementation is not efficient, and it is Turms' self-developed log implementation based on Netty that really maximizes performance (for details, please refer to Self-developed Implementation design document, and the specific code im.turms.server.common.logging.core.logger.AsyncLogger#doLog), as long as the comparison The implementation of the source code of the two will find that the two are not at the same level in terms of performance optimization. In order to facilitate users to see the doorway of Turms, the documents are written in detail and the location of key codes will also be marked, so that users can evaluate whether Turms is suitable for their own application scenarios.

    turms-performance-testing project (preview document) ​

    Although Turms does not plan to provide a ready-made stress test report, we will customize a distributed stress test platform for the Turms server in the near future. The platform's UI display and report analysis will be in charge of turms-admin, while node control and task execution will be in charge of the Controller node and Agent node in turms-performance-testing respectively.

    In particular, the reason why Turms can quickly customize and develop many platforms also benefits from our reasons for secondary development based on Turms mentioned "controllability. The Turms project is 100% open source and has self-developed many basic middleware to ensure the controllability of the underlying technology. It avoids insufficient development motivation in the later stage of the project", so we will not be subject to third-party dependence when we do new projects, and we are full of motivation.

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    Configuration explanation ​

    Configuration class: im.turms.plugin.antispam.property.AntiSpamProperties

    Configuration prefix: turms.plugin.antispam

    configuration items ​

    configuration namedefault valuerole
    enabledtrueWhether to enable the anti-spam function
    dictParsing.binFilePathnullThe binary file path of the dictionary. This file saves the parsed data of the thesaurus text, which is used to avoid parsing the thesaurus text from the beginning each time the server starts. If the user configures "textFilePath" and "binFilePath", "binFilePath" will be used first
    dictParsing.textFilePathnullText file path of the thesaurus
    dictParsing.textFileCharset"UTF-8"Thesaurus encoding format. It is recommended to use "UTF-8" encoding uniformly
    dictParsing.skipInvalidCharactertrueWhether to automatically skip invalid characters when parsing the thesaurus text.
    If false and an illegal character is encountered during parsing, an exception will be thrown
    dictParsing.extendedWords.enabledtrueWhether to support the extended word library function. If true, all data in the thesaurus is parsed and used. If it is false, only parse and use word field data to greatly reduce memory overhead
    textParsingStrategyNORMALIZATION_TRANSLITERATIONParsing strategy for dictionary text and user input text:
    NORMALIZATION: Normalize the input text. For example: ⑩HELLO(你{}好./ -> 10hello
    NORMALIZATION_TRANSLITERATION: Standardize and transliterate the input text. For example: ⑩HELLO(你{}好./ -> 10hellonihao
    unwantedWordHandleStrategyREJECT_REQUESTIllegal text processing strategy:
    REJECT_REQUEST: return "MESSAGE_IS_ILLEGAL" error status code to the client
    MASK_TEXT: replace illegal characters, and continue to process the request normally
    mask'*'When "unwantedWordHandleStrategy" is "MASK_TEXT", the mask used
    maxNumberOfUnwantedWordsToReturn0When the processing strategy is REJECT_REQUEST and the value is greater than 0, the character string detected as illegal text will use ASCII 0x1E (Record Separator) express. The exception text will eventually be received by the client
    textTypesAll other user-visible textConfigure which text fields of which requests should be checked
    silentIllegalTextTypesEmptyConfigure When detecting that these text fields of these requests contain illegal characters, the server will respond to the client with an "OK" status code, but the server does not actually continue processing the request.
    In actual business scenarios, this value is usually CREATE_MESSAGE_REQUEST_TEXT, which is used to silently refuse to send user messages

    Admin API ​

    TODO

    Reasons not to use other open source implementations ​

    In the global open source circle, the quality of open source implementations currently available is very low, mainly reflected in: low code quality (high space complexity and time complexity), many matching functions are not supported, and the author does not have engineering design capabilities , There are even paid semi-open source IM projects that perform matching by traversing the thesaurus. There is no implementation of an algorithm and code quality like turms-plugin-antispam, and the overall implementation of traditional anti-spam solutions (not involving machine learning) is not difficult, so Turms chooses self-developed, and also contributes to many later expansions. fully prepared. in particular:

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    Cluster Design and Implementation ​

    The cluster code implementation of Turms is relatively clear and easy to understand. The code implementation package is: src/main/java/im/turms/server/common/infra/cluster; the configuration package is: src/main/java/im/turms/server/common/infra/property/env/ common/cluster

    The reason for pure self-development ​

    Self-developedThird-party services
    Customized functionsTurms has a lot of customized detailed requirements, and each function is linked together. If you develop it yourself, you can ensure that new requirements are realized immediately. The time required to complete a new requirement is roughly 5-60 minutes, and there is no need to write Hacky CodeOthers do not necessarily provide customized functions. Even if it is done, it is usually weeks, months, or even years before new features are released to new versions. Such low efficiency is absolutely unacceptable
    Difficulty of LearningServices are clearly divided, codes are streamlined, and aspects can be quickly learned and mastered. Spend 10 to 30 minutes to train some basic newcomers, and newcomers can master Turms cluster servicesProjects like ZooKeeper or Eureka, which are only about a certain function of microservices, have far more source code than the six major Turms below The sum of service source code. Moreover, third-party services also involve some relatively complex but completely useless functions for Turms, such as Zookeeper's Zab protocol, which only increases the difficulty of learning. To grasp the details of its implementation requires a lot of practice and source code reading
    Implementation DifficultyThe implementation difficulty of the cluster service code is low. For example, the total difficulty of Turms' cluster service implementation is far lower than the "AC automaton algorithm based on double array Trie" mentioned in the "sensitive word filtering" function.
    In addition, the implementation difficulty of cluster services is much lower than the implementation of IM business logic    		Need to write Adapter code according to the characteristics of third-party services. Although the difficulty is low, due to the complexity of the source code of the third-party service, it is not easy to ensure that the Adapter code will always execute as expected (using the time of learning the source code of various third-party services + writing the Adapter code, it has been possible to start from Zero self-developed several sets of cluster services have been realized)
    Deployment and O&M DifficultyIn Turms' cluster services, only the "Configuration Center Service" and "Service Registry" require MongoDB services for deployment, and both share MongoDB services. Therefore:
    1. Since business data storage also uses MongoDB service, operation and maintenance personnel can choose to share a MongoDB service without additional deployment
    2. Both domestic and foreign cloud vendors provide MongoDB service deployment services. You can deploy a single instance or a clustered MongoDB service with just a few clicks of the mouse, and directly realize disaster recovery in the same city    		Most of the "configuration center service" and "service registration center" services supported by domestic and foreign cloud vendors are bound to specific vendors, allowing deployment flexibility very bad. On the other hand, if Turms adopts an open source solution such as Eureka, since various vendors do not provide cloud services for open source solutions such as Eureka, the operation and maintenance personnel have to purchase cloud servers for deployment and operation and maintenance by themselves. , greatly participated in the difficulty of operation and maintenance
    PerformanceTurms can combine the characteristics of business code, so that the implementation of cluster services can coordinate with each other, ensuring that no redundant data is generated throughout the process. At the same time, all network operations are implemented based on Netty, with extremely high performanceSince third-party services are based on general requirements, we have to write a lot of Adapter code for this, which increases resource overhead and makes learning more difficult. On the other hand, its own implementation cannot guarantee extreme efficiency, and some services even use blocking API

    In summary, there is almost no advantage in using third-party services, so Turms adopts a purely self-developed solution. In addition, in fact, companies with a little strength and a little customization need will choose self-research for the same reason as above.

    node ​

    Implementation class: im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.node.Node

    Configuration class: im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.NodeProperties

    Each server has one and only one node class instance. The node class internally manages node information and node life cycle events, and schedules the services of each node. Undertake user-defined configuration externally, expose node services and provide some commonly used Util functions for business implementation codes to use.

    Serve ​

    Distributed configuration center service (Config) ​

    Service class: im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.config.SharedConfigService

    Configuration class: im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.SharedConfigProperties

    Nowadays, basic service implementation schemes in the field of microservices are flourishing. Taking the implementation of the configuration center as an example, the implementation solutions include: ConfigMaps of K8S, configuration services of cloud service vendors (such as AppConfig of AWS), and open source implementations (such as Zookeeper). As Turms is a technology-neutral open source project, its technology stack must not be bound by vendors. But at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that these implementations can be easily supported by cloud service vendors, so that operation and maintenance personnel can "implement and deploy with a click of a mouse." At the same time, it must meet various key features such as disaster tolerance, high availability, monitorability, and easy operation. Therefore, Turms implements the configuration center through MongoDB self-development to meet all the above requirements.

    The addition, deletion, modification, and query operations of the specific configuration are implemented as the addition, deletion, modification, and query operations of the conventional MongoDB database, which is very routine, so I won’t go into details. The only thing worthy of special attention is: Turms monitors configuration changes through MongoDB's Change Stream mechanism, while the official client implementation mongo-java-driver uses a polling mechanism to monitor configuration changes, rather than actively notifying MongoDB from the MongoDB server client.

    Replenish:

    • Because the "service information" of the service registry is essentially a configuration, the following service registration and discovery are also implemented based on the configuration center.
    • The configuration center of the MongoDB cluster itself is also implemented based on the MongoDB server, that is, the Config server.

    TODO

    Service registration and discovery service (Discovery) ​

    Service class: im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.discovery.DiscoveryService

    Configuration class: im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.DiscoveryProperties

    Responsibilities ​

    The service is primarily responsible for:

    • Do our best to ensure that the current node is registered in the service registry. When each node starts on the server side, it will register the information of the current node with the service registry. If the registration fails at startup (for example, the node information has been registered), it will actively shut down the server process and report the failed exception information. If the registration information of the node is abnormally deleted by the service registration center during the operation of the node (for example, the administrator deletes the data by mistake), the node will automatically re-register its information
    • When the server is shut down gracefully, delete the registration information of the current node in the service registry. Note: If the server is forcibly shut down (such as when the system is directly powered off), the registration information of the node will not be deleted by the current node, but will be automatically removed after the service registration center detects a heartbeat timeout of 60 seconds. registration message. In addition, during this period, other nodes will continue to try to establish a TCP connection with this node until its registration information is removed by the service registration center
    • Listen to the node addition, deletion and modification events of the service registration center to notify the "network connection service" to connect or disconnect the corresponding TCP connection
    • Election Leader

    Register node record format ​

    There are two types of record formats for registration nodes: Member and Leader

    #####Member

    Class: im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.config.domain.discovery.Member

    Field CategoryField NameDescription
    KeyclusterIdCluster ID
    nodeIdNode ID
    General InformationzoneThe zone where the node is located. Used as the data center ID in Snowflake ID Algorithm
    nodeVersionNode version number. Used to ensure that the operations between nodes can be version compatible
    nodeTypeThe node type. Used to ensure that RPC requests can be sent to the correct node
    isSeedIf a node's lastHeartbeatDate times out by 60 seconds and isSeed is false, the node will be automatically removed from the service registry. If isSeed is true, the node will not be removed even if the heartbeat times out
    registrationDatenode registration time
    isLeaderEligibleUsed to determine whether a node can participate in the election
    priorityPriority. Mainly used in the Leader election, the node with a high value can be preferentially elected as the Leader
    RPC address informationmemberHostRPC host number. It is used to ensure that other nodes can communicate with it through the host number
    memberPortRPC port number. It is used to ensure that other nodes can communicate with it through this port number
    Supplementary address informationadminApiAddressNo practical effect. It is only used for administrators to know the address information of Admin API through Admin API
    wsAddressNo effect. It is only used for the administrator to know the address information of the client WebSocket service through the Admin API
    tcpAddressNo effect. It is only used for the administrator to know the address information of the client TCP service through the Admin API
    udpAddressNo effect. It is only used for the administrator to know the address information of the client UDP service through the Admin API
    Status informationhasJoinedClusterWhen it is True, it means that the node has successfully completed the heartbeat refresh operation. This field has no practical effect, it is only used as an indicator to indicate the node's heartbeat health status. Even if a node is unhealthy, it can still handle client requests.
    In addition, the value of this field of each cluster node is updated by the Leader node according to lastHeartbeatDate of each node
    isHealthyDeny service when False. Specifically, it includes: if it is the turms-gateway server, refuse to establish a new session and process user requests; if it is the turms-service server, refuse to process the RPC request sent by the turms-gateway server; When the client chooses RPC to respond to the server, it only selects from healthy nodes
    isActiveWhen it is False, it means that the node is prohibited from processing client requests. The value of this field can only be updated through the Admin API. It can be used to gradually cut off the flow of nodes during the grayscale release, and then perform shutdown update operations
    lastHeartbeatDateRecord the last heartbeat refresh time, used by the Leader node to update hasJoinedCluster information based on this value
    Leader ​
    Field CategoryField NameDescription
    KeyclusterIdCluster ID
    nodeIdLeader node ID
    General InformationrenewDateLease renewal time. If there is no refresh for more than 60s, the service registration center will automatically delete the Leader record information
    generationgeneration. It is mainly used to reject the previous generation Leader's attempt to perform lease operations because the birth of a new Leader has not been detected

    Leader Election ​

    Conditions for nodes to participate in the election:

    • The node type must be turms-service, not turms-gateway. This is because some Leader actions can only be performed by turms-service, and turms-gateway has no ability to perform these operations.
    • im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.NodeProperties#leaderEligible is true (default true)
    • Node status must be active
    Automatic Election ​

    Each node eligible for election: 1. When the server starts; 2. When the Leader information of the service registration center is deleted through the Change Stream; 3. When it finds that its isLeaderEligible information changes from False to True:

    The current node will first pull all the node information in the service registry at this moment, and find a batch of nodes with the highest priority that are eligible for election. If the current node is in this batch of nodes and there is no Leader in the local node information snapshot, it will send a Leader registration request to the service registration center and try to select itself as the Leader. If there is no Leader in the service registry, the registration is successful. Otherwise, registration fails.

    Note: If a node with a higher priority joins the cluster, the node will not snatch the Leader role.

    Manual election (Admin API) ​

    The API interface POST /cluster/members/leader allows to force the cluster to re-elect the Leader. This API has an id parameter. If the id parameter is empty, the node with the highest priority in the current cluster and eligible for election will be forced to be the leader. If the id parameter is not empty, the node whose node ID is id is elected as the leader, regardless of its priority. An exception is thrown if the node does not exist or is not eligible for election.

    Leader's Responsibilities ​

    Generally speaking, it is necessary to ensure that only one node triggers or executes an action, which is usually executed by the Leader node. In addition, in some server implementations, this kind of behavior will be realized by nodes preempting distributed locks, but the reliability, controllability and performance of this implementation are far inferior to the solution of using a unified leader, so Turms does not use preempting distributed locks. lock scheme.

    In terms of specific actions:

    • One of the most important actions of the Leader is to update the latest status of each node according to the heartbeat refresh time of other nodes in the service registry (MongoDB) (the specific code is in: im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service .discovery.LocalNodeStatusManager#updateMembersStatus)
    • "Periodic cron sends instructions to Redis to clear expired blacklist records" This action only needs one node, that is, the Leader to execute regularly.
    • "Periodic cron deletes expired database data operations, such as user messages", and will only be executed by the Leader (Supplement: The code of this type of operation is actually a "legacy code" and is reserved "by the way". After all, very few applications will really get it Delete user data, so the default disabled state can be ignored)

    TODO

    Network connection service (Connection) ​

    Service class: im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.connection.ConnectionService

    Configuration class: im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.connection.ConnectionProperties

    In the implementation of Turms server cluster, Connection is a concept between Transport and RPC, because Connection needs to maintain the TCP connection between nodes on the one hand, and on the other hand needs to pass RpcService To complete the heartbeat operation between nodes (used to detect whether the TCP connection between nodes is healthy). The reason why ConnectionService and RpcService are not merged into one Service is because both of them have a lot of their own logic. In order to follow the principle of single responsibility as much as possible, to avoid mixing a large number of TCP connection maintenance and RPC capability realization logic, Therefore the two services are not merged.

    Responsibilities ​

    • According to the request of service registration and discovery service, connect to other cluster nodes based on TCP. Note: There is and only one TCP connection between two nodes
    • If accidentally disconnected from other cluster nodes, do a best-effort reconnect operation
    • Send a heartbeat request to confirm that the TCP connection between nodes is indeed valid

    Network connection life cycle ​

    • Establish a TCP connection
    • Carry out the handshake operation of the application layer, and exchange the basic necessary information of the nodes, such as the node ID, to know which node the TCP peer is. Note: The handshake here is not the handshake in the TCP protocol.
    • After the handshake is successful, the nodes can send and receive network data
    • Before closing the TCP network connection, send the wave operation of the application layer to notify the peer that the node should actively disconnect from it, so as to distinguish TCP from accidental disconnection. Note: The waving here is not the wave in the TCP protocol.
    • Close the TCP connection

    Codec service (Codec) ​

    Service class: im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.codec.CodecService

    This service mainly provides data codec implementation for RPC services. In particular, Turms does not use the reflection mechanism to uniformly implement the serialization and deserialization logic, but customizes the implementation for each data. This is mainly because: 1. The customized implementation ensures absolute efficiency. For example, Set<DeviceType> can use a Byte to represent the existence of a value by Bit instead of a group of Bytes; 2. Avoid reflection and ensure high efficiency; 3. What you see is what you get in the code, avoiding the existence of obscure operations

    RPC service ​

    Service class: im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.rpc.RpcService

    Configuration class: im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.RpcProperties

    This service is based on the underlying TCP network connection provided by the "network connection service" and the data serialization and deserialization capabilities provided by the "codec service" to implement the relevant logic of the RPC operation.

    Encoding format ​

    The components of an RPC request:

    1. The length of the text encoded by Varint, which is used to distinguish the byte range of each RPC request data in the TCP byte stream. For most RPC requests, this part usually occupies 1~2 bytes.
    2. Request header: data type ID (2 bytes) + request ID (4 bytes)
    3. Request body: Different requests have different encoding methods, but they all use custom encoding to ensure extreme efficiency. In addition, the largest data in the request body is "user-defined text", such as "chat message"

    Components of an RPC response:

    1. The text length of Varint encoding, which is used to distinguish the byte range of each RPC response data in the TCP byte stream. For most RPC responses, this part usually occupies 1 byte.
    2. Response header: data type ID (2 bytes) + response request ID (4 bytes)
    3. Response body: The response body can be divided into two categories: normal response and abnormal response. The correct response is various data types, such as the eight basic types and other combined data types. The exception response is essentially just a "combined data type", which is expressed as the RpcException data type, and the exception information is described through the RpcErrorCode, ResponseStatusCode, and description (String) fields.

    Replenish

    • Some requests (such as user chat messages in "Notification") will be sent to multiple different RPC nodes, and their request bodies all share direct memory outside the heap, and memory copying is not required

    • Turms currently does not plan to use compression technology for RPC request and response data, mainly because: the compression ratio of various compression algorithms is not ideal, and compression and decompression need to consume a lot of memory and CPU resources. In general, the price/performance ratio of compression is too low, and the gain outweighs the gain, so compression technology is not used.

      What’s more, for data transfer between server and client, support for compression will be considered in the future. The fundamental motivation is: at the cost of more memory and CPU usage (opening up new memory space when compressing/decompressing) ) Improve data accessibility by compressing data (especially in weak network environments)

    Backpressure ​

    The turms-gateway server’s implementation of back pressure on the turms-service server is quite tricky. Specifically: each node will judge the health status of the current node according to the CPU and memory load status of the current node, and send Other nodes synchronize the health information. The turms-gateway will find out the node whose "isHealthy" is True from the known turms-service node list, and send an RPC request to it. If turms-gateway finds that the "isHealthy" of all turms-services is False, it will no longer send RPC, but will directly throw an exception.

    Failover ​

    For an RPC request without a specific target, if one Turms server sends an RPC request to another Turms server, and the peer responds abnormally, the sender will automatically send the RPC request to another Turms server. For example, if the client sends a request to turms-gateway, turms-gateway will first randomly select a turms-service to process the user request, if the turms-service responds abnormally, turms-gateway will automatically search again Another turms-service to handle the user request.

    Distributed ID Generation Service (IdGen) ​

    Service class: im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.idgen.IdService

    The distributed ID generator is used to quickly provide the unique ID of the cluster for each business scenario. Generating a unique ID for a cluster only requires nodes to perform local operations (specific code: im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.idgen.SnowflakeIdGenerator#nextLargeGapId), which is extremely efficient.

    Principle ​

    Turms' distributed ID generator is implemented based on the mainstream Snowflake ID algorithm, and the generated ID is of long data type, specifically:

    • The highest bit (1 bit) is always 0, indicating a positive number
    • 41 bits represent the time stamp in milliseconds, which can represent about 69 years. The specific UTC time interval is: [2020-10-13, 2090-06-19]. 2020-10-13 is the hard-coded Epoch time, if you want to modify the time, just modify the value of im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.idgen.SnowflakeIdGenerator#EPOCH
    • 4 bits represent the data center ID, and the ID range is [0, 15]. In practice, the ID is usually divided into regions in the cloud service, that is, each region has an ID. Turms will automatically map the zone name to a value in the interval [0, 15] according to the NodeProperties#zone "zone name" of the node. Note: If there are more than 16 region names, although these region names will still be mapped to values in the interval [0, 15], this also means that there will be duplicate data center IDs, and cluster nodes that generate the same ID risk. Also, the downgraded node will print a warning log to warn of the risk of generating the same ID.
    • 8 bits represent the ID of the working node, and the ID range is [0, 255]. Turms will automatically map the zone name to a value in the interval [0, 255] according to the im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.NodeProperties#zone "zone name" of the node. Note: If there are more than 256 nodes in a data center, although these node IDs will still be mapped to values ​​in the interval [0, 255], this also means that there will be duplicate worker node IDs, and there are cluster nodes Risk of generating the same ID. Also, the downgraded node will print a warning log to warn of the risk of generating the same ID.
    • 10 bits represent the serial number. A maximum of 1024 serial numbers can be represented in the unit timestamp field (1 millisecond), that is, a maximum of 1024 unique IDs can be generated in 1 millisecond. In other words, a maximum of 1,024,000 unique IDs can be represented within 1 second, so in actual use, it is impossible to have duplicate IDs.

    Supplement: According to the node information, the code to update the data center ID and the working node ID information is in: addOnMembersChangeListener of im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.idgen.IdService#IdService

    Variation implementation ​

    Concrete implementation: im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.idgen.SnowflakeIdGenerator#nextLargeGapId

    The IDs generated by the conventional snowflake algorithm are monotonically increasing. But in most cases, Turms' business implementation uses IDs with large intervals to avoid monotonically increasing IDs. The reason for this is to use large-spacing IDs to ensure that when these data are stored in the MongoDB database, MongoDB can generate enough Chunks based on these IDs, and load-balance these Chunks to each MongoDB server for storage. . The monotonically increasing ID will cause all new data to be always allocated to the only hotspot MongoDB server, causing the load balancing of the database to fail.

    The implementation of large-spacing ID is also very simple, just rearrange the fields, the specific order is: serial number, time stamp, data center ID, work node ID (the ID order of the conventional snowflake algorithm is time stamp, data Center ID, worker node ID, serial number). Since the serial number occupies the highest bit of the ID, and the generated serial number is monotonically increasing in the interval [0, 1023], it can ensure that the generated ID quickly occupies a large range of values, and is divided into multiple Chunks by MongoDB and stored in a load-balanced manner. In different MongoDB servers.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/server/module/data-analytics.html b/docs/server/module/data-analytics.html index dde81c20..b017bd09 100644 --- a/docs/server/module/data-analytics.html +++ b/docs/server/module/data-analytics.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
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    Data Analysis ​

    When designing the table structure for a small instant messaging scenario, since there is no need to consider the sharding design of the data model, and the business model and the statistical model can be directly integrated, for small business scenarios, you can quickly realize unpacking through code Ready-to-use and efficient basic data analysis functions, and extended to provide common statistical APIs based on index fields.

    However, the Turms project is designed for medium and large instant messaging scenarios. Data analysis and business implementation must be separated at the architectural level, which also includes the separation of business models and data models. If you need to perform data analysis, you can collect the measurement or buried point logs generated by the turms-gateway and turms-service servers, and use cloud services or self-developed implementations to analyze them.

    In addition, considering that there are indeed many common and common IM-related statistical data, we will open a new project turms-data to be responsible for data analysis, and cooperate with Turms server and turms-admin to realize: log and database data collection , Data warehouse construction, analysis and statistics of business indicators, result visualization and other functions.

    Note: Since Turms was mainly designed for small instant messaging scenarios in the early days, all API query fields were implemented based on indexes at that time, which could ensure query efficiency. But later turned to design for medium and large scenarios, and many indexes were removed, but the query fields of the corresponding APIs (especially the statistics API) were not removed, so there are still some APIs (especially the statistics API) The implementation of query parameters will use full table scan, which is Legacy code. We will classify these APIs according to the implementation performance to ensure that some inefficient APIs will not be misused.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/server/module/identity-access-management.html b/docs/server/module/identity-access-management.html index 81e77a79..94cafedd 100644 --- a/docs/server/module/identity-access-management.html +++ b/docs/server/module/identity-access-management.html @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ "resources": "*" // a string of ["*", "USER", "GROUP_BLOCKED_USER", ...], or an array that contains these strings }] }

    The meanings of authenticated and statements fields are the same as those of the corresponding statements in the JWT text above, so I won’t repeat them here.

    PropertyDefault ValueDescription
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.typepasswordSet to http to enable identity and access management based on external HTTP responses
    turms.service.message.check-if-target-active-and-not-deletedtrueWhen using the HTTP mechanism, you need to set this configuration item to false, otherwise because it does not exist in the Turms database the user, so the user will not be able to send messages
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.url""Request URL
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.headerstrueadditional request headers
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.http-methodGETrequest method
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.timeout-millis30000Request timeout
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.status-codes"2??"Match this value in the response status code, if the match is successful, continue to other matches, Otherwise authentication fails
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.headersMatch the value in the response header, if the match is successful, continue to other matches, otherwise the authentication fails
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.body-fieldsMatch this value in the response body, if the match is successful, continue with other matches , otherwise authentication fails

    5. LDAP-based Authentication ​

    Workflow ​

    1. The client sends a login request to the turms-gateway server through the Turms client login interface turmsClient.userService.login.

    2. Upon receiving the login request from the client, the turms-gateway will use the userId parameter from the login request, along with the properties configured in the turms-gateway system (such as baseDn and searchFilter mentioned later in this document) to construct a search request to LDAP, in order to search the user's DN corresponding to the userId.

    3. When the turms-gateway receives the search result from LDAP, it will verify the number of entries in the search result:

      1. If the number is 0, it indicates that the account does not exist, and as a result, the client will receive an unauthorized response.
      2. If the number is 1, it indicates that the userId in the user's login request matches a corresponding DN. The turms-gateway will use this user's DN and the password parameter from the user's login request to send a bind login to the LDAP server:
        1. If the result code is 49 (invalid credentials), the client will receive an unauthorized response.
        2. If the result code is 0 (successful login), the client will receive an authorized response.
        3. If it is any other result code, the client will receive a system internal error response.
      3. If the number is greater than 1, it indicates an error in the system-configured searchFilter property, requiring reconfiguration, and as a result, the system will respond with an internal error.

      Note: The Turms user ID for an LDAP user is configured by the LDAP system administrator and is not configured by the Turms server. It is required that this value must be greater than 0, with no other conditions imposed.

    PropertyDefault ValueDescription
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.typepasswordSet to ldap to enable LDAP-based identity and access management
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.base-dn""Base DN. For example, dc=turms,dc=im
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.hostlocalhostLDAP server host for administrative operations
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.port389LDAP server port for administrative operations
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.ssl....SSL-related properties for administrative operations in LDAP
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.username""Administrator username
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.password""Administrator password
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.hostlocalhostLDAP server address for user-related operations
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.port389LDAP server port for user-related operations
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.ssl....SSL-related properties for user-related operations in LDAP
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.search-filter"uid=${userId}"Search filter. The turms-gateway matches the corresponding user DN in the LDAP system based on this search filter. ${userId} is the user ID placeholder, which will be replaced with the userId from the user's login request when the filter is used.

    Note: The "administrator" mentioned in properties does not necessarily refer to the LDAP system administrator. It simply requires the specified LDAP user to have permission to search for entries in the system.

    Plug-in-based custom identity and access management implementation ​

    Authentication plugin interface: im.turms.gateway.infra.plugin.extension.UserAuthenticator

    Authorization plug-in interface: TODO

    Readers can refer to plugin implementation, implement the above plug-in interface.

    Authentication and authorization of business logic ​

    For the permission information sent by the client, the attitude of the Turms server is "the permission information sent by the client is not trustworthy", so the Turms server will do all necessary things according to the business configuration you set on the Turms server. authority judgment.

    Take the "modify sent message" function as an example, this behavior will trigger a series of decision logic. Turms will first judge whether the target message is indeed sent by the user, and then judge whether to allow the user to modify the sent message according to the allowEditMessageBySender configured on the Turms server (default is true), if you set it to false, Then a ResponseException (Kotlin) or ResponseError (JavaScript/Swift) object will be captured on the client side, and it is represented by the business status code model ResponseStatusCode (composed of code and reason description information) .

    For another example, for a "simple" "send message" request, the Turms server will determine whether the user who sent the message is active, whether "allow sending messages to strangers (non-related persons)" is set, and whether the sender of the message is in the blacklist. If the recipient is a group, then it is logically judged whether the sender of the message is a member of the group, and whether it is in a mute state. And you just need to call a sendMessage(...) interface.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/server/module/observability.html b/docs/server/module/observability.html index 3ee02ce1..ae144e05 100644 --- a/docs/server/module/observability.html +++ b/docs/server/module/observability.html @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ 0

    Replenish:

    Special request log processing (expanding knowledge) ​

    In terms of logging, the most specific API request is the delete session request. Specifically reflected in:

    The delete session request is the only request that can not be issued by the user, but is recorded in the client API access log. Specifically, it will be sent: If the client disconnects the underlying TCP connection before sending the "delete session request", then the corresponding turms-gateway will actively generate a message with the same effect as the "delete session request" when the TCP connection is closed. "The same log, in this way to ensure the logical consistency of the client API access log.

    In addition, in the implementation of the client, unless the developer specifies to close the session through DeleteSessionRequest, by default the client will directly close the TCP connection to close the upper layer session. The current DeleteSessionRequest actually acts as a "placeholder". One is to maintain consistent business logic processing through the "request" model, and the other is to reserve it for more flexible closing session logic in the future.

    Notification Log ​

    Certain client requests and admin API requests trigger notifications to other users, such as "typing" and "friend added" notifications. This log is used for this type of notification event.

    Replenish:

    turms-gateway server ​

    File name: turms-gateway-notification.log

    Format: notification trigger user ID|send status|number of notification target users|session close status code|notification size|request type for notification. in:

    Example:

    spreadsheet
    2021-09-03 00:08:22.537 INFO G hkivjeav 3166178398923546492 -client-io-15-3 : 149|1|1||75|UPDATE_FRIEND_REQUEST_REQUEST
 2021-09-03 00:08:37.636 INFO G hkivjeav 8332948877634499289 -client-io-15-3 : 190|1|0||19|UPDATE_TYPING_STATUS_REQUEST
    turms-service server ​

    File name: turms-service-notification.log

    Format: notification trigger user ID|sending status|number of notification target users|session close status code|notification size|notification forwarding request ID|notification forwarding request type. in:

    Example:

    spreadsheet
    2021-09-03 00:08:22.537 INFO Shkivjeav 3166178398923546492 -client-io-15-3 : 149|1|1||75|4971734074638762694|UPDATE_FRIEND_REQUEST_REQUEST
 2021-09-03 00:08:37.636 INFO Shkivjeav 8332948877634499289 -client-io-15-3 : 190|1|0||19|6469201046445182337|UPDATE_TYPING_STATUS_REQUEST

    Slow log ​

    TODO

    Collection and Analysis ​

    Turms only provides raw data, does not provide and does not plan to provide log collection and analysis functions.

    reason ​

    role ​

    Request-oriented, used to quickly track the execution of requests between nodes and within specific nodes.

    accomplish ​

    In the link tracking implementation specification [OpenTracing] (https://opentracing.io/specification), it stipulates that Trace and Span should be used as the unit of link tracking. However, compared with dozens, hundreds or even thousands of microservice applications, Turms' call link is extremely simple, and there is no need to track requests through Span information. Also, if Turms is implemented using standard OpenTracing, the link tracing additional information for many requests will be even larger than the body of most RPC requests.

    Therefore, Turms only adds a field for trace ID to all logs. When developers are performing link tracing, they only need to query the trace ID field to understand all the nodes that the request passes through. , with the implementation inside the node.

    Monitoring and alarming ​

    In the observable system, the system needs to monitor the running status of the server in real time based on metrics and logs, and give an alarm notification when an abnormality is found in the system.

    Turms does not provide and does not plan to provide an alarm function. On the one hand, cloud services such as AWS CloudWatch or other related products provide extremely rich, mature and out-of-the-box functions such as collection, analysis and alarm of metrics and logs. If users are familiar with cloud service products, it usually only takes 3 to 10 minutes to purchase cloud services from scratch and implement Turms monitoring and alarming. On the other hand, from the perspective of microservice responsibilities, the functions of the Turms server should not be too coupled, and there is no need to integrate these monitoring and alarm functions.

    Even if users do not plan to use the cloud server, they can also use professional and mature open source technology solutions such as Prometheus Alertmanager. If the user is familiar with the relevant operations, it usually only takes 10 to 60 minutes to build such a system from scratch.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/server/module/security.html b/docs/server/module/security.html index d8b0ec6a..a2e67617 100644 --- a/docs/server/module/security.html +++ b/docs/server/module/security.html @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ 1 40 40 org.jctools.maps.NonBlockingHashMapLong 1 64 64 org.jctools.maps.NonBlockingHashMapLong$CHM 11 12583464 (total)

  • There is an error

    • Client interface anti-brush current limit ​

    The current limiting implementation of turms-gateway adopts the mainstream algorithm "token bucket algorithm" (for example, the API Gateway of AWS provides traffic integer implementation using the token bucket algorithm).

    Basics ​

    No matter what the algorithm is, it needs to calculate the "allowed number of requests". The following is a unified description, and the word "token" is used to refer to the "allowed number of requests". In addition, the following table is the general implementation of this type of algorithm, and its variants will not affect the essence of the algorithm, so it will not be discussed.

    Fixed time window algorithmSliding time window algorithmToken bucket algorithmLeaky bucket algorithm
    Token CapFixed or Dynamic Token Cap (usually Fixed Cap)Fixed or Dynamic Token Cap (usually Fixed Cap)Fixed or Dynamic Token Cap (usually Fixed Cap)Fixed or Dynamic Token Cap (usually Fixed upper limit)
    Current number of available tokensCalculated by a single time intervalCalculated by multiple time intervalsCalculated by the current number of tokens in stockCalculated by the current number of tokens in stock
    Token issuance intervalEmphasize coarse-grained interval issuance (such as interval 1 minute)Emphasize fine-grained interval issuance (such as interval 15 seconds)Emphasize fine-grained interval issuance (such as interval 1 second)Emphasize fine-grained interval Release (such as interval 1 second)
    Clear count on token issueYesYes. But generally only the earliest few windows are clearedNoNo
    Resource overheadNo timer required, minimal overheadNo timer required, minimal overheadNo timer required, minimal overheadEach session needs to maintain an MPSC synchronization queue, and a timer to time the Poll queue, with very high overhead big
    Difficulty of implementationVery simpleVery simpleVery simpleRelatively troublesome
    General CommentDue to the need to clear the count and the granularity is too large, the client can burst a large number of requests before each token issuance, causing the problem of "double burst traffic"avoiding the problem of "double burst traffic" , but because of the "clear count" operation, its control precision is not as good as the token bucket algorithm and the leaky bucket algorithmIt can not only handle burst requests through stock tokens, but also through fine-grained interval commands Cards are issued to smoothly throttle requests.
    In fact, the CPU credit mechanism of cloud services is similar to this    		The length is slightly longer, see below

    Both the leaky bucket algorithm and the token bucket algorithm have the ability to handle burst requests and smoothly limit the flow of requests. But a special function of the leaky bucket algorithm is that it can limit the flow of downstream services (the most important one is the database). However, there is also a price for downstream flow limiting. It requires the operation and maintenance personnel to accurately estimate the downstream service throughput, otherwise it may cause the downstream service to be idle while the upstream service is limiting the flow.

    In addition, the use of MPSC queues to cache requests not only reduces throughput, but also increases memory overhead and GC times, resulting in poor user experience and exacerbating the effect of DDoS attacks. (Supplement: By reading the source code of the Turms server, you will find that in the process of processing client requests in Turms, the code is as "light" as possible, so using the MPSC queue for each user session is considered a heavy operation)

    In summary, the Turms server finally uses the token bucket algorithm.

    In particular, compared to the traditional HTTP server, the CPU and memory system resources required to receive and process a regular HTTP request and response may be hundreds of times the system resources required for the interaction between the Turms server and its client (for example: except The network layer protocol header, the average size of a request from the Turms client is about 32B). Therefore, there is no need to take the sudden Turms client requests of a small number of users too seriously. The system resources used to process hundreds of Turms client requests may be similar to processing one HTTP request (of course, there are other forms of CC attacks that will cause a lot of resource consumption).

    other:

    User Information Security ​

    For most domestic groups with a little Internet age, unless they have a strong sense of security, their plaintext passwords are very likely to have been leaked (the specific content can be found out through social engineering database). Combined with the fact that the passwords used by most users are relatively fixed, so no matter how encrypted the server is, the security of the "password" is still relatively low.

    TODO

    Admin Security ​

    Administrator authentication and authorization ​

    Authentication ​

    Authentication: The server is implemented based on the common HTTP Basic authentication to confirm which administrator is the sender of the HTTP request.

    Configuration item: turms.security.password.admin-password-encoding-algorithm, its optional values are: bcrypt (default), salted_sha256 and noop.

    Supported key encryption algorithms ​

    *BCrypt. Its cost is a hard-coded 10 (2^10 rounds), which is used to prevent hackers from easily deciphering the plaintext password through the rainbow table when it is removed from the database.

    For the specific algorithm implementation, please refer to the source code implementation of Bouncy Castle of Fork under the turms-server-common subproject: org.bouncycastle.crypto.generators.BCrypt#generate

    Special mention: The password field in the admin collection is not stored in string (such as the common Base64 encoded string), but the original byte[] byte data.

    Authorization ​

    Authorization: The server confirms what authority the sender of the HTTP request has to do

    Because Turms's own permission management requirements are very simple, its design and implementation are also relatively simple. For example, there are no concepts such as user groups, group roles, and role inheritance, and there is no many-to-many relationship between users and roles. Specifically, Turms uses RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) design scheme.

    Turms' RBAC Model ​

    Turms' RBAC model consists of three subjects: Admin, Role and Permission. A user can have only one role, and a role can have multiple permissions. in:

    Special Character - Root ​

    Root is a built-in administrator role in Turms, which has all administrator privileges and cannot be modified or deleted.

    Special root account - turms ​

    The root account turms user has the Root root role authority, and its account name does not support modification (but can be changed by modifying the hard-coded im.turms.server.common.domain.admin.constant.AdminConst#ROOT_ADMIN_ACCOUNT value) Modify the root account name), its initial password is turms by default, but users can use the configuration item turms.security.password.initial-root-password when the admin collection has not been created and the turms-service is started Defined initial password.

    Log desensitization ​

    TODO

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    Storage Service ​

    Turms itself does not directly provide storage services, but opens common interfaces in storage services on the server side for developers to implement themselves, and the Turms client also provides the corresponding storage service turmsClient.storageService API , for developers to call by themselves.

    Notice:

    • Developers can completely implement a set of interactive storage logic between the application client and your own server without any interface provided by the Turms client and server. Turms just maintains a set of implementations of common storage services, so that most developers don't have to develop from scratch. Even if the developer does not intend to use Turms' storage implementation, since each storage service implementation is similar, developers can refer to the Turms storage implementation process to implement their own storage logic to save time for self-development.
    • The function provided by the Turms client storage service is a superset of the functions of the official storage service plug-in of the Turms server, namely: the Turms client storage service is designed to interact with the official storage service plug-in of the Turms server, and can also be extended to interact with other third-party plugins to interact.

    Plugin interface and configuration ​

    Storage resources are currently divided into three types, namely: User Profile Picture (user profile picture), Group Profile Picture (group profile picture) and Message Attachment (message attachment). Each resource has its corresponding three function interfaces for adding (modifying), deleting, and checking for developers to implement.

    interface ​

    Plugin interface: im.turms.service.infra.plugin.extension.StorageServiceProvider

    Interface function introduction:

    Resource typeFunction nameExpected functionReturn value description
    User Profile PicturedeleteUserProfilePictureDelete User Profile Picture
    queryUserProfilePictureUploadInfoQuery user profile picture upload informationThe return value format is Map<String, String>, the plug-in implementer can customize any return value
    queryUserProfilePictureDownloadInfoQuery user profile picture download informationThe return value format is Map<String, String>, the plug-in implementer can customize any return value
    Group Profile PicturedeleteGroupProfilePictureDelete Group Profile Picture
    queryGroupProfilePictureUploadInfoQuery group profile picture upload informationThe return value format is Map<String, String>, plug-in implementers can customize any return value
    queryGroupProfilePictureDownloadInfoQuery group profile picture download informationThe return value format is Map<String, String>, plug-in implementers can customize any return value
    message attachmentdeleteMessageAttachmentdelete message attachment
    shareMessageAttachmentWithUsershare message attachment with specified user
    shareMessageAttachmentWithGroupShare the message attachment with the specified group
    unshareMessageAttachmentWithUserNo longer share the message attachment with the specified user
    unshareMessageAttachmentWithGroupNo longer share the message attachment with the specified group
    queryMessageAttachmentUploadInfoQuery message attachment upload informationThe return value format is Map<String, String>, and plug-in implementers can customize any return value
    queryMessageAttachmentUploadInfoInPrivateConversationQuery message attachment upload information in a private chat session
    queryMessageAttachmentUploadInfoInGroupConversationQuery message attachment upload information in a group chat session
    queryMessageAttachmentDownloadInfoQuery message attachment download informationThe return value format is Map<String, String>, and plug-in implementers can customize any return value
    queryMessageAttachmentInfosUploadedByRequesterQuery the message attachment uploaded by the requester
    queryMessageAttachmentInfosInPrivateConversationsQuery message attachments in private chat sessions
    queryMessageAttachmentInfosInGroupConversationsQuery message attachments in group chat conversations

    General configuration ​

    Configuration itemDefault valueDescription
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.expire-after-days0The expiration time (in days) of the resource since the creation time. A value of 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.allowed-referrersEmptyOnly allow specified Referrers to access resources
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.allowed-content-type*/*Allowed resource Content-Type for upload. */* values represent unlimited
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.min-size-bytes0The minimum size of resources allowed to be uploaded. A value of 0 means unlimited
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.max-size-bytes1MBThe maximum size of resources allowed to be uploaded. A value of 0 means unlimited
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.download-url-expire-after-seconds300Expiration time of resource download URL (seconds)
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.upload-url-expire-after-seconds300Expiration time of resource upload URL (seconds)
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture....Same as turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment....Same as turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture

    Official plugin implementation ​

    Bucket Basic Design Guidelines ​

    Since the functions provided by the object storage service are similar, the official plug-ins based on the object storage service provided by Turms at present and in the future will follow the following Bucket design guidelines.

    As mentioned above, Turms currently includes three types of storage resources, namely User Profile Picture (user profile picture), Group Profile Picture (group profile picture) and Message Attachment (message attachment), which correspond to The bucket names are user-profile-picture, group-profile-picture and message-attachment respectively. in:

    • user-profile-picture and group-profile-picture are public Buckets. For the URLs of these resources, Turms not only supports the generation of regular URLs to allow the client to predict resource URLs by itself, avoiding sending requests to the Turms server to query resource URLs, but also supports the generation of irregular URLs for anti-crawlers. Which URL your application needs to use depends on your product requirements.
    • message-attachment is a private Bucket that provides authorized users with a URL for temporary access to message attachments through Presigned URLs.
    • The upload process of all resources is based on providing authorized users with a temporary Multipart Upload interface through the Presigned URL.

    Of course, the above are only the default configurations. The current mainstream object storage services support many practical features, such as separate storage of hot and cold data (such as Amazon S3 Intelligent-Tiering Storage Class), encryption, complex permission control, etc., users can create in Turms On the basis of Buckets, further configuration is performed through the object storage service.

    ###turms-plugin-minio

    Introduction ​

    turms-plugin-minio is a turms-service storage service implementation plugin developed based on the open source object storage service MinIO.

    Install ​

    After the plug-in is Started on the server side, the client can call the corresponding API under turmsClient.storageService to add, delete, modify, and query storage resources.

    Since the storage interface of the Turms client adopts a general-purpose interface design and is not customized for turms-plugin-minio, you need to pay attention to the following when calling the client API:

    • When calling the queryMessageAttachment interface, the parameter fetchDownloadInfo must be true; when calling the queryMessageAttachmentDownloadInfo interface, the parameter fetch must be true.

    Business functions ​

    Message attachment function ​
    Upload message attachment ​
    FeaturesSupport
    Do not specify any session, upload message attachmentTODO
    Upload message attachments to a specific private chat session✔
    Upload message attachments to multiple private chat sessions
    Upload message attachments to a specific group chat session✔
    Upload message attachments to specified multiple group chat sessions
    Delete message attachment ​
    FeaturesSupport
    Delete message attachments in any conversationTODO
    Share and Unshare ​
    FeaturesSupport
    Share uploaded message attachments to a single private chat session✔
    Share uploaded message attachments to multiple private chat sessions
    Share uploaded message attachments to a single group chat session✔
    Share uploaded message attachments to multiple group chat sessions
    Cancel sharing of uploaded message attachments to a single private chat sessionTODO
    Unshare uploaded message attachments to multiple private chat sessions
    Share uploaded message attachments to a single group chat sessionTODO
    Share uploaded message attachments to multiple group chat sessions

    For more advanced sharing functions, such as detailed permission control, custom sharing duration, encrypted sharing and other functions, there is no plan to support them in the near future.

    Inquire ​
    FeaturesSupport
    Specify the attachments that the other party shared with me in a single private chat session✔
    Specify the attachments I send to the other party in a single private chat session✔
    Specify the attachments that the other party shared with me and the attachments I sent to the other party in a single private chat session✔
    Specify the attachments that the other party shared with me in multiple private chat sessions
    Specify the attachments I send to each other in multiple private chat sessions
    Specify the attachments shared by the other party to me and the attachments I send to the other party in multiple private chat sessions
    Attachments shared to me in all private chat sessions
    The attachments I sent to the other party in all private chat sessionsDoes not support "only query the attachments I sent to the other party in the private chat session", but supports "in all sessions, the attachments I shared"
    In all private chat sessions, the attachments shared by the other party to me and the attachments I sent to the other party
    Specify attachments shared by a single user (can be myself) in a single group chat session✔
    Specify attachments shared by multiple users (including myself) in a single group chat session✔
    Specifies attachments shared by all users (including myself) in a single group chat session✔
    Specify attachments shared by a single user (can be myself) in multiple group chat sessions
    Specify attachments shared by multiple users (including myself) in multiple group chat sessions
    Specify attachments shared by all users (including myself) in multiple group chat sessions
    In all group chat sessions, specify the attachments shared by a single userDoes not support "In all group chat sessions, specify the attachments I share", but supports "In all sessions, the attachments I share"
    In all group chat sessions, specify attachments shared by multiple users (can include myself)
    Attachments shared by all users (including myself) in all group chat sessions
    Across all conversations, my shared attachments✔
    Across all sessions, various other query objects

    Permission Control ​

    • View message attachments

      • Regardless of whether users who send message attachments log out of the private chat or group chat session, they always have the right to query the message attachments they uploaded.

        And even if the user who uploaded the message attachment exits the session, all other users in the session still have the right to view the message attachment uploaded by the user.

      • Users have and can only view message attachments shared by other users in the private chat or group chat session they have joined. In other words, if a user joins a session and then logs out, the logged out user cannot view attachments in that session. Only when the user joins the session again can he have the right to view the attachments in the session again.

    Safety ​

    Upload limit: TODO

    Store file data verification ​

    If the data verification of stored files is implemented based on cloud services, the implementation of the logic will be relatively simple. For example, on AWS, you can trigger a custom Lambda function to verify the data uploaded by the user through the S3 event notification, or add a Lambda@Edge function that listens to the origin-response event on the CloudFront side for verification, except The custom verification logic needs to write some codes, and other functions can basically be realized by clicking the mouse.

    However, as an independent storage service, MinIO does not support serverless architecture features such as Lambda functions. Compared with serverless solutions, it is much more troublesome to implement low-cost and highly available data verification logic based on MinIO's event mechanism. Therefore, Turms does not currently support data verification of stored files. Support will follow.

    Configuration ​

    Configuration itemDefault valueDescription
    turms-plugin.minio.enabledtrueWhether to enable the plugin
    turms-plugin.minio.endpoint"http://localhost:9000"MinIO server address
    turms-plugin.minio.region""MinIO server region
    turms-plugin.minio.access-keyminioadminAccess Key for MinIO server
    turms-plugin.minio.secret-keyminioadminSecret Key of MinIO server
    turms-plugin.minio.retry.enabledtrueWhether to retry when initialization of Buckets fails
    turms-plugin.minio.retry.initial-interval-millis30_000Initial retry interval when buckets initialization fails
    turms-plugin.minio.retry.interval-millis30_000The retry interval when initializing Buckets fails
    turms-plugin.minio.retry.max-attempts3When buckets initialization fails, the maximum number of retries
    turms-plugin.minio.resource-id.mac.enabledfalseWhether to encrypt the Object Key of the resource with the MAC algorithm to generate unpredictable URLs to prevent crawlers.
    If this item is not enabled, the user can obtain the corresponding image URL through the user ID or group ID
    The final resource URL is: <bucket>/<base62(object key)><base62( mac(object key))>. Such as user-profile-picture/123456789 => user-profile-picture/8M0kX1aEllpuvXRV09grkIEtD4R
    Note: If the MAC algorithm is enabled, the client must pass the parameter fetch when calling queryXXXDownloadInfo series interfaces Set to true; when calling queryXXX series interfaces, the parameter fetchDownloadInfo must be set to true
    turms-plugin.minio.resource-id.mac.base64-key"AHR1cm1zLWltL3R1cm1zgA=="Base64 encoded MAC algorithm key
    turms-plugin.minio.resource-id.base62.enabledfalseWhether to encode the Object Key of the resource with Base62 algorithm to shorten the length of the URL.
    The final resource URL is: <bucket>/<base62(object key)>, or <bucket>/<base62(object key)><base62(mac(object key))>. Such as user-profile-picture/123456789 => message-attachment/8M0kX or user-profile-picture/8M0kX1aEllpuvXRV09grkIEtD4R
    Note: 1. When turms-plugin.minio.resource-key.mac When .enabled is true, the Base62 algorithm will always be applied.
    2. If the Base62 algorithm is enabled, the client must set the parameter fetch to true when calling the queryXXXDownloadInfo series interface; when calling the queryXXX series interface, it must set the parameter fetchDownloadInfo set to true
    turms-plugin.minio.resource-id.base62.charset...Character set for Base62 algorithm
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/server/module/system-resource-management.html b/docs/server/module/system-resource-management.html index f4e240a3..dbab15ae 100644 --- a/docs/server/module/system-resource-management.html +++ b/docs/server/module/system-resource-management.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

    English

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

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    System Resource Management ​

    The importance of memory and CPU resources to the server is self-evident. Each module of Turms uses memory and CPU to the extreme. For details, please refer to the documents and codes implemented by each module. On the other hand, in order to ensure the normal operation of the server, it also provides a set of health detection mechanism internally. This mechanism cooperates with the "denial of service" mechanism of the upper layer to do its best to ensure the normal operation of the server.

    Turms provides a system resource monitoring configuration class: im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.healthcheck.HealthCheckProperties, to allow users to configure available memory usage and CPU usage. The HealthCheckManager on the Turms server will continuously detect the available physical memory and CPU usage. If it detects that the available physical memory is too low or the CPU usage is too high, it will:

    • Mark the isHealthy information in the service registry as false. Since the RPC sender will only select the RPC response server from the server whose isHealthy is true, it can achieve a similar back pressure effect
    • Refusal to provide external services. Specifically: if it is the turms-gateway server, refuse to establish a new session and process user requests; if it is the turms-service server, refuse to process the RPC request sent by the turms-gateway server (note: even in "Unhealthy" status, turms-service will still provide services for the admin API)

    Memory management ​

    JVM basic memory knowledge ​

    The memory area of the JVM HotSpot virtual machine can be divided into:

    • Heap Memory: Eden area, Survivor area, Old Generation (Old Generation)

    • Non-heap Memory (Non-heap Memory)

      • Direct memory (Direct Memory): Direct Buffer Pool
      • JVM internal memory (JVM Specific Memory): local method stack, metaspace, Code Cache, etc.

      Special attention: NonHeapMemory obtained by the function java.lang.management.MemoryMXBean#getNonHeapMemoryUsage does not include Direct Buffer Pool (direct memory buffer pool). Specifically, the memory space referred to by this function in JDK 21 is:

      • CodeHeap 'non-nmethods'
      • CodeHeap 'non-profiled nmethods'
      • CodeHeap 'profiled nmethods'
      • Compressed Class Space
      • Metaspace

    Reference document: How to Monitor VM Internal Memory

    Use of Managed Memory ​

    The controllable memory of the Turms server refers to the two areas of heap memory (Heap Memory) and direct memory (Direct Memory).

    Heap memory ​

    Practical significance ​

    The practical significance of heap memory is relatively easy to understand, which is to configure as large a heap memory as possible to reduce the number of GC and the occurrence of stop-the-world events.

    Configuration ​

    The default heap configuration of the JVM is as follows:

    -XX:MaxRAMPercentage=75
 -XX:InitialRAMPercentage=75

    in:

    • InitialRAMPercentage and MaxRAMPercentage specify the size of the memory that needs to be reserved, but a page fault will still occur when the Turms server accesses this memory area. Although the JVM can directly convert the reserved memory into committed memory by configuring AlwaysPreTouch to avoid page fault exceptions on the server side during runtime. But because it is difficult for the server to monitor the actual used heap memory after enabling this option, it is not recommended to add this configuration at present.
    • InitialRAMPercentage and MaxRAMPercentage are set to the same value mainly to ensure the continuity of the memory as much as possible, and avoid repeated GC and stop-the-world operations on the server due to memory expansion and shrinkage.
    • The heap memory is not configured to a value close to 100%. This is to give the remaining physical memory to the JVM's own off-heap memory (such as the largest direct memory, CodeCache, Metaspace, etc.), the system kernel (such as maintaining the TCP connection time buffer) and sidecar services (such as: log collection service).

    In addition, it is recommended not to allocate more than 32GB of memory to the Turms server in the production environment. because:

    • Turn on the pointer compression technology of the JVM to reduce unnecessary memory usage
    • Avoid a single server carrying too much load, slow down the shocking group effect during shutdown, and improve user experience

    Direct Memory ​

    All direct memory described below are allocated by PooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT in the actual code, that is, they are all direct memory cached and managed by Netty.

    Practical significance ​

    The upper limit of direct memory capacity affects the peak value of client requests and admin API requests that the Turms server can handle at the same time

    Main users ​
    • Network I/O operations. For example, based on Netty: the third party relies on drivers such as mongo-driver-java and Lettuce; the Turms server itself implements the client-oriented TCP/HTTP server.
    • Log printing. The log printing developed by Turms directly writes Java basic data into the direct memory block, and then writes it into the file descriptor.

    In other words, basically all memory areas that need to be accessed by the system kernel, we use direct memory directly to avoid meaningless heap memory copies.

    Note: In the Linux system, the direct memory used by Turms is still in the user space, so when writing the direct memory to the device (such as network card and hard disk), it still needs to be copied twice from the user space to the kernel space and from the kernel space to the device , and these two copy operations cannot be avoided by the upper server.

    life cycle ​

    Because in the Turms server, the life cycle of direct memory is highly consistent with the life cycle of client requests and admin API requests, a piece of direct memory usually only exists in part or all of the life cycle of a request. Specifically, its life cycle is roughly as follows:

    • The life cycle of a request begins when Netty cuts the TCP byte stream. Netty cuts the TCP byte stream according to the varint encoded header (the length of the Payload represented by its value), and when this memory is cut When it comes out (note: there is no memory copy here), the life cycle of this piece of direct memory representing the request begins.

    • After the Turms server parses this memory into a specific request model, Turms will determine whether this type of request needs to use its own direct memory. If the processing logic of the request does not need to use this memory, the memory will be immediately reclaimed back to Netty's memory cache pool. Otherwise, requests such as "forwarding user messages" need to use this memory, and this memory will not be reclaimed immediately. Turms will then perform business logic processing on the request.

    • In the process of business processing, other network I/O operations (such as sending requests to MongoDB/Redis) or log printing operations may be involved. These two types of operations need to take out new direct from the memory buffer pool managed by Netty Memory block for MongoDB/Redis client request encoding and response decoding operations, or log printing operations.

    • After the Turms server finally flushes the direct memory of the request response to the network card, in addition to the direct memory representing the log record, other direct memory involved in the process will also be recycled.

      The only exception is: if the direct memory of a request needs to be forwarded to multiple clients, Turms will use the reference counter to separate the life cycle of the request from the life cycle of the direct memory to ensure that the same piece of direct memory Forwarded to multiple clients to avoid memory copies.

      Notice:

      1. The direct memory reclamation mentioned above does not reclaim the memory to the system, but reclaims it back to the memory pool managed by Netty, and the memory will not be actually released at this time.
      2. Direct memory is mainly through: When Pooled ByteBuf is release, Netty will detect whether the Chunk it belongs to is idle (0% usage). If yes, the memory is actually freed by the function io.netty.buffer.PoolArena#destroyChunk.

    Due to the existence of this life cycle, the real usage rate of heap memory and direct memory is actually related. The increase in heap memory is mainly due to a series of logics processed by the Turms server after receiving client requests or admin API requests. In a process, the usage rate of direct memory increases because of request decoding and response encoding, network I/O operation encoding and decoding and log printing in the logic. When the life cycle of the request ends, both the heap memory and the direct memory can be reclaimed.

    Memory health check ​

    Configuration ​

    Configuration class: im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.healthcheck.MemoryHealthCheckProperties

    As mentioned above, it is very difficult or even unrealistic for the operation and maintenance personnel to accurately estimate how much memory the server should use, especially the memory occupied by some key system kernels (such as TCP connections) changes dynamically, so MemoryHealthCheckProperties not only provides configurations such as maxAvailableMemoryPercentage and maxAvailableDirectMemoryPercentage that limit the upper limit of the memory that the Turms server can use, but also provides the configuration minFreeSystemMemoryBytes, which allows the Turms server to detect the available physical memory of the system in real time, and Do your best to reserve this memory.

    Memory monitoring implementation - MemoryHealthChecker ​

    effect:

    • When it is detected that the system's physical memory is insufficient, notify the upper layer service to refuse to process user sessions and requests, so as to do its best to ensure that the physical memory will not be exhausted and avoid using Swap memory
    • If it is detected that the system has insufficient physical memory and the used heap memory exceeds heapMemoryGcThresholdPercentage, call System.gc() to suggest JVM to perform Full GC

    pay attention

    • As mentioned above, the life cycle of the direct memory is highly consistent with the life cycle of the request, so even if MemoryHealthChecker detects that the total memory used has exceeded XX, it will not actively try to release the direct memory, but wait Netty's internal memory management mechanism releases it
    • In summary, although the Turms server will try its best not to run out of physical memory, for a large number of extremely sudden requests, the Turms server may still run out of physical memory, and Swap memory will be used at this time. If the Swap memory is closed by the system or the Swap memory is insufficient, the Turms server will directly throw an OutOfMemoryError exception. Therefore, we can use Swap memory as the last line of defense, so it is not recommended to turn off Swap memory in a production environment.

    About the Valhalla project - Codes like a class, works like an int ​

    The memory usage of Java has always been criticized by people. For example, the memory required by the object header stored by an Integer object (12 bytes in the case of a 64-bit system and the compressed pointer is turned on) is several times larger than the actual int data, and because Such design flaws lead to the need for some workarounds when programming. For example, when using Integer objects, the JVM will preferentially use the object cache in the java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache class. Compared with many C++ server projects (such as Nginx and Redis) that pursue performance optimization (even register-level optimization), due to Java's own design flaws and conservatism, Java's waste of memory makes people feel a little "self-defeating". And what's worse: this spirit has also been transmitted to the entire Java ecosystem. By reading the source code, we can find that many well-known Java projects also have the attitude of "the function can be used, the code is comfortable to write, and the performance is about the same. Anyway, the JVM will help the GC". Repeated memory copying (such as the most common String and StringBuilder are usually copied back and forth many times in practice, and the source code is shocking), only a very few projects such as Netty have the awareness of performance optimization and excellence. We have already explained this point in other chapters, so I won’t repeat it here.

    The Valhalla project reconstructs the existing Java Object system. The original Object is called IdentityObject in the new Java system, and the Object under the new system has become the parent class of IdentityObject and ValueObject (note: the Valhalla team has not yet finalized, so the concept may not yet be finalized. will change), the two are somewhat similar to C#'s Reference types and Value types. Among them, ValueObject is divided into two categories, namely primitive class and value class. primitive class allows developers to customize data structures that are as efficient as the eight traditional Java basic types, without object headers, without pointer lookup, stack allocation, and naturally without GC. At the same time, these classes can also be declared fields and define functions. The traditional eight basic types of Java will also be redesigned based on the new object system, such as int such primitive type will become primitive class (primitive class is a type of value class, its value cannot be null), and its wrapper class (Wrapper Class) Integer and int.ref that may be supported will become value class (value can be null), so the future will not There will be the concept of wrapper class.

    For example, the primitive instance object of the class primitive class Point { private double x; private double y; } only needs to occupy 2 double bytes, that is, 16 bytes, and no object header is required.

    After the Valhalla project releases the Preview version, we will introduce ValueObject and transform code implementations such as DTO objects and various wrapper classes (such as Date and ByteArrayWrapper) to greatly reduce memory overhead and the number of objects and speed up GC speed. And because we have been waiting for this project for several years and are very familiar with its design, we can complete the fitting and testing work within a week. This is also the only feature that we will green light for the Preview feature.

    Replenish:

    • In fact, the development history of Java also confirms what we have talked about "IM has rich functions to pay a fatal price", that is, the characteristics that a project is proud of, may hide abyss behind it.

      Java was once proud of Everything is an object, and emphasized that Java has no structures or unions as complex data types. You don't need structures and unions when you have classes (quoted from Sun's release in 1995 The Java white paper: Simple, Object Oriented, and Familiar) to promote Java is far easier to use than C and C++.

      (Additional supplement: Looking at the development history of Java, developers will also lament the powerful vitality shown by Java's ability to continuously adapt to the development of the times, adjust its own development direction, and overcome five obstacles)

      But in today's programming practice, advocating "everything is an object" without providing structure is more like a curse, such as when we put an int into a List<Integer>, we need a new New object, increasing the object header. In other words, as long as we use common data structures such as List and Map provided by Java, a lot of memory will be wasted in vain, and these collection classes are unavoidable in actual projects. (Supplement: In fact, internal data structures such as HashSet and LinkedList are more wasteful than the memory waste that many developers can imagine. The memory occupied by the object header is more than the actual data, so we see It will use "shocking" to evaluate its source code).

      Today, the Valhalla project hopes to change this situation by introducing the primitive/value class language feature, but because it needs to be forward compatible with the huge Java ecosystem, and let Java get rid of the traditional curse of everything is an object, the Valhalla project The development of Java is on thin ice, and the design draft alone has been overturned many times. It has taken nearly 8 years to release the Preview feature, and it will take a long time for developers to re-acquaint themselves with the new Java language model in the future. It can be seen that a feature that a project is proud of at the beginning may become a "curse" in the middle and late stages of project development, causing headaches for both project maintainers and users.

      The same is true for the design of IM functions. A design with strong vitality should follow the design concept of Less is more. "Rich IM functions" seems to be a feature to be proud of. At the beginning, developers thought that open source IM projects had all the functions for themselves, and they basically didn't have to do anything. But there is a price behind this, and the scalability of the project may be extremely poor. It is better to rewrite it yourself if you do expansion in the middle and late stages.

    • If there is no Valhalla project in Java, it is possible that the Turms server will initially be established in C# language.

    Reference document: Java language model under the Valhalla project

    thread ​

    Since the Turms server does not have blocking I/O, network requests such as RPC, MongoDB, and Redis are all implemented asynchronously based on Netty. If you look further down, on the Linux system, they are all epoll-related operations. The number of threads required is far less than that of traditional Java web applications.

    Taking a 16-core CPU as an example, the peak number of threads of turms-gateway and turms-service ranges from 80 to 140 (including JVM internal threads). The specific peak number depends on the number of CPU cores of the server and the running server. It depends on the number (for example, one turms-gateway can start the TCP/WebSocket/UDP server at the same time).

    It is particularly worth mentioning that the peak number of threads in Turms has nothing to do with the scale of concurrent online users and the requested QPS.

    Supplement: Because the number of threads used by the Turms server itself is not much compared to the number of CPU cores, we directly use ThreadLocal to cache some relatively large and thread-unsafe objects in individual codes, and compared with traditional On the server side, Turms also greatly reduces the overhead caused by thread context switching.

    CPU health monitoring ​

    Configuration class: im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.healthcheck.CpuHealthCheckProperties

    Function: Monitor the CPU usage. If the CPU usage exceeds the threshold for N times, set isHealthy of the node to false, and share this state with other nodes, and refuse to provide services until the CPU usage is healthy. For specific configuration, see the configuration class above.

    Turms thread list ​

    scope of usecategorythread namequantityfunction
    GeneralAdmin HTTP Server Threadturms-admin-http-accptor1Admin HTTP Server Acceptor Thread
    turms-admin-http-workerNumber of CPU coresAdmin HTTP server worker thread
    User blacklistturms-client-blocklist-sync1Used to synchronize blacklist data between clusters
    health checkerturms-health-checker1
    Loggingturms-log-processor1Used for log formatting and output
    Shutdownturms-shutdown1When the server is shut down, schedule the Shutdown task of each component
    Scheduled tasksturms-task-manager1Used to schedule scheduled tasks
    Cluster implementationturms-node-connection-client-ioNumber of CPU coresNode communication I/O threads
    turms-node-connection-keepalive1Used to regularly send heartbeats between nodes, and remove peer nodes with expired heartbeats
    turms-node-connection-retry1Node connection retry thread
    turms-node-connection-server-acceptor1Node connection server Acceptor thread
    turms-node-connection-server-workerNumber of CPU coresNode connection server Worker thread
    turms-node-discovery-change-notifier1Node addition, deletion and modification event notification thread
    turms-node-discovery-heartbeat-refresher1Used for the Leader node to refresh the heartbeat time in the service registry,
    Redis clientlettuce-event-loopRedis client I/O thread
    MongoDBturms-mongo-change-watcher1Used to execute the MongoDB Change Stream callback function
    mongo-event-loopMongoDB client I/O thread
    turms-gatewayFake clientturms-fake-clientNumber of CPU coresFake Turms client I/O threads
    turms-fake-client-manager1Schedule Fake Turms client to send requests
    turms-client-heartbeat-refresher1Used to periodically refresh client heartbeats in batches
    Gateway serverturms-gateway-udp-acceptor1UDP server Acceptor thread
    turms-gateway-udp-workerNumber of CPU coresUDP server worker thread
    turms-gateway-tcp-acceptor1TCP server Acceptor thread
    turms-gateway-tcp-workerNumber of CPU coresTCP server worker thread
    turms-gateway-ws-acceptor1WebSocket server Acceptor thread
    turms-gateway-ws-workerNumber of CPU coresWebSocket server worker threads
    turms-gateway-idle-connection-timeout-timer1Used to monitor and close the network connection that has not established an application layer user session with the server for a long time
    Client current limit and anti-swipeturms-ip-request-token-bucket-cleaner1Used to clear expired Token Bucket data

    Threading Model ​

    (Related documents: Linux System Reference Configuration, source code-network configuration)

    Business processing TCP/WebSocket server and HTTP background management API server ​

    Both the implementation of the business processing TCP/WebSocket server and the HTTP background management API server adopt the master-slave Reactor multithreading model. Specifically, an Acceptor thread (main Reactor group, Boss EventLoopGroup) and a Worker thread group with the number of CPU cores (slave Reactor group, Worker EventLoopGroup) are used. in:

    • The Acceptor thread listens to the connection event of the TCP client from the ServerSocketChannel through the io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#run function, and creates a corresponding SocketChannel for the connected TCP client, and assigns it to a Worker thread for subsequent processing.

      Acceptor thread name: turms-gateway-tcp-acceptor, turms-gateway-ws-acceptor or turms-admin-http-acceptor.

      Mainly related to Linux system configuration: net.core.somaxconn (the maximum length of the TCP accept queue).

    • A Worker thread can bind and process multiple SocketChannel, and use io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#run to continuously monitor SocketChannel read events and need to process write tasks, and read and write words Execute a series of encoding and decoding functions of ChannelHandler in ChannelPipeline when throttling, and complete the task of byte encoding and decoding.

      After the Worker thread completes the decoding work of the client request, the Worker thread will execute the source code-client request processing logic (note: there is no need to switch threads here). In the process of processing this business request, the most time-consuming is the Protobuf decoding requested by the client and the encoding operation requested by MongoDB and Redis, while the IM logic only completes the scheduling of the IM business logic, so it is not time-consuming. In particular, during the processing of business requests, if a string needs to be sensitive word filtering detection, and using the MASK_TEXT strategy, its performance can be simply equal to Javas String#getBytes("UTF-8")`, so it is not time-consuming.

      Worker thread name: turms-gateway-tcp-worker, turms-gateway-ws-worker or turms-admin-http-worker.

      Main Linux system configuration: net.ipv4.tcp_mem, net.ipv4.tcp_rmem, net.ipv4.tcp_wmem

    Node server and client ​

    TODO

    Lettuce and MongoDB client ​

    TODO

    The method of judging which thread group any line of code is executed on ​

    After understanding the above-mentioned threading model of the Turms server, readers can easily determine which thread group any line of code on the Turms server will be executed on.

    Taking the processing of client business requests as an example, starting from the fact that Netty's Worker thread reads the TurmsRequest byte stream sent by a Turms client, the entire business processing process will be executed on the Worker thread. After the logic, you can return to process other business requests.

    During business process processing, Worker threads may trigger various network I/O operations, such as sending MongoDB and Redis client requests. When these network I/O operations are completed, there will be a series of business-related callback functions that need to be executed, and these callback functions will be executed on the MongoDB or Redis client NIO thread.

    In short, all non-callback business processing codes seen by developers at the Service layer are executed on Worker threads, while various callback business processing codes are usually executed on NIO threads of MongoDB or Redis clients to execute. The admin API is the same.

    About the Loom project - Codes like sync, works like async ​

    background ​

    On the one hand, many relatively long-lived technical solutions benefit from their rich ecology and longevity, on the other hand, because of their rich ecology, they are too big to lose their tails, and eventually withdraw from the stage of history because they cannot adapt to the development of the times. In the Java ecosystem, the blocking implementation of various technical solutions is actually a major obstacle that endangers the development of Java in the new era. Among them, the implementation of JDBC blocking is the biggest obstacle to the implementation of Java asynchronous ecology. One of the reasons why Turms did not adopt the traditional SQL database is that there was no mature asynchronous JDBC implementation in the Java ecosystem at that time, and even some projects did not use Java as a project. For languages such as Go or C#, only one sentence is left: "Java's threading model is not "cloud-native" enough, and the ecosystem is too backward."

    The revolutionary aspect of the Loom project is that it officially introduces virtual threads into the Java world, allowing seemingly synchronous code to be executed asynchronously.

    From the perspective of the Turms server, talk about our attitude towards the Loom project ​

    Although the revolution of the Loom project is mentioned above, the Turms project will not adopt the coroutine provided by the Loom project in the future, because for the Turms server project, the coroutine can only add new problems (such as stack copying) and cannot Solve existing problems. The specific reasons are as follows:

    • The revolutionary of the coroutine is that it tries to solve the status quo of the heavy use of blocking APIs (such as JDBC) in the Java ecosystem, allowing seemingly synchronous code to be executed asynchronously. However, the Turms server does not block I/O when processing client business requests, and the revolutionary nature of coroutines does not work on the Turms server. And if there is a third-party library that uses blocking I/O, then we usually have doubts about the technical level of its author and will not use its implementation.

    • The Loom project introduces a StackCopy-based coroutine, which needs to save the call stack to the heap when it is parked, and retrieve the call stack from the heap when it unparks and executes the thaw operation, but this does not affect the Turms server. It is superfluous, because the Turms server does not block I/O when processing client business requests, and does not need to park. Some articles promoting the Loom project will mention that coroutines have the advantage of "even if you open tens of thousands of coroutines, you only need to occupy such a small amount of memory", but the Turms server only needs to open 0 coroutines, and use more than 0 bytes of memory. Memory can also achieve the same effect.

      In addition, although saving the call stack can solve a major fatal shortcoming of reactor-core "abnormal stack information is basically useless and difficult to debug", reactor-core has overcome this shortcoming under the optimization of the Turms server (see below for detailsSupplement: Disadvantages of reactor-core).

    • The learning difficulty of coroutine is "1+1>2", and its learning curve is actually higher than reactor-core. It is said that the difficulty of learning coroutines is "1+1>2" because: developers must master the use, principle and optimization of threads and coroutines at the same time, and at the same time ensure that traditional code modeled on threads can run correctly Among coroutines, mastering reactor-core only requires the most basic knowledge of threads.

      Some developers may think that the use of reactor-core is more complicated than coroutines, but such statements are usually only from the perspective of beginners. For junior engineers, whether it is a coroutine or reactor-core, the superficial use of both is actually very simple without learning its principles. Only in the early stages of developer learning, coroutines can ensure that junior engineers can easily write high-performance code at the Java level, and reactor-core is best written by senior engineers with junior programmers, otherwise the code may be maintained Poor performance, even logic errors. But as long as this short initial stage is passed, learning coroutines will face the problem of "learning difficulty 1+1>2" just mentioned, and reactor-core only requires engineers to master the most basic thread knowledge.

      As described in The method of judging which thread group any line of code is executed on, for any line of code* on the Turms server (including third-party libraries), we only need to rely on the most basic thread knowledge to accurately Infer which thread group this line of code will execute on, and who, where, and why this thread group was created, and what its life cycle is.

      In addition, when we write Turms server code, we hardly consider "how to write asynchronous code with reactor-core", just as many developers do not consider "how to write synchronous code".

    • The compatibility of coroutines to the Java ecosystem is still a question mark. The Loom project itself still has a long way to go, and a large number of projects are needed to step on and verify. If a basic network library such as Netty, which is closely related to threads, has any negative optimization, explicit errors, or hidden unexpected behaviors when interacting with coroutines, its impact on upper-layer applications will be shaken.

    • Coroutines introduce a new abstraction layer (coroutines), and this layer of abstraction is redundant for the Turms server, which will only increase resource overhead and learning difficulty. Especially when we write performance-related key codes, we usually write the Java layer code from the perspective of system calls. Java just helps to cover the system calls with a layer of skin, and the thinner the skin, the better. In this way, we can quickly understand what syscall is called by the JVM to evaluate whether our Java layer code is efficient enough and whether there is room for optimization.

    • Java asynchronous implementation has about ten solutions so far, but in fact, no matter how tossed about the skin of the asynchronous model of Java, no matter how the ecology changes, no matter how "revolutionary", the calling function of the system layer remains unchanged. For example, whether to use epoll or epoll, whether to use off-heap memory or off-heap memory. There is no need for the Turms server to use coroutines and introduce an additional abstraction layer because coroutines are more "fashionable".

    • reactor-core not only implements asynchronous calls, but also has stronger expressive capabilities than coroutines. For example, if we want to know the measurement data such as the success rate and execution time of a link, we only need to call a function such as metrics(...); The number of automatic retries only needs to call retry(...); if you want to switch the execution thread of the data stream, you only need to execute a function like publishOn(...), and the scheduling logic of the thread is under control among.

    To sum up, stacked coroutines can't play a role on the Turms server, and the performance will not be better than the reactor-core under the Turms server. There are still countless pits in the ecology that need to be stepped on and verified by projects. For the Turms service The meaningless abstraction of coroutines on the end is also redundant, which only increases the difficulty of learning. The expressive ability of reactor-core is also better than that of coroutines. It is difficult for the Turms server to have a reason to use coroutines.

    Of course, the content mentioned above is mainly for the Turms server project. For most Java projects, the benefits of Loom outweigh the disadvantages. In particular, third-party library authors no longer need to maintain two sets of synchronous and asynchronous implementations.

    Supplement: Disadvantages of reactor-core ​

    As we are about the use of dependent libraries As mentioned in the chapter, the asynchronous implementation library such as reactor-core is the best The fatal shortcoming is that when it is combined with some dependent libraries that advocate "more encapsulation, more abstraction, and users do not need to close the implementation logic", developers can only hope that the server can always run normally, otherwise once a bug is encountered , developers will soon be unable to help but have a series of questions: "Can an asynchronous framework like reactor-core be used in a production environment? I can't even find where the exception is thrown. Can such code really be maintained?" Therefore, some technicians of the project team regretted using reactor-core, and even adopted other languages, such as Go, to rewrite the current Java project.

    For example, the console now reports an error "Netty Prompt: The reference count of ByteBuf has reached 0, and the release operation cannot be performed again". Pay special attention, this does not omit any useful log information, this is all the useful information that developers can really see from the log. Even this log has been stripped of misleading information, namely its stack information. If developers go to Debug according to the stack information, they will never be able to find the real Root Cause. And can developers know why this exception occurs and locate which module caused this exception based on this line of logs? This is a bug that actually happened in Turms, and it is also the only one that spent more than 6 hours reading all the network I/O related source codes that Turms depends on, and troubleshooting the most difficult bug of Root Cause: Memory leaks when Turms uses the previous buffer reference to release a recycled pooled buffer.

    In short, to use reactor-core well, three conditions must be met:

    1. All key codes must be controllable, otherwise when something goes wrong, you can only hope for:

    • The developers of the third-party library have high technical level and solid code design skills. If the third-party dependency is also based on asynchronous programming, the requirements are even higher. The author must be able to predict the exceptions that upper-layer developers may encounter, and throw the exceptions to the upper-layer application through asynchronous means.

    • The third-party library is not complicated, and you can quickly read the relevant source code.

      A good example is: reactor-netty. Its developers have a high technical level and solid design skills. The code is also relatively streamlined and easy to read.

    1. The exception and print log must be passed in a standardized manner. Even for asynchronous programming, as long as exceptions are transmitted and logs are printed in a standardized manner, we can immediately see the cause of most bugs through a single log. Only a few bugs may need to be associated with multiple logs for troubleshooting. If you can't do this, you can only resign yourself to fate when things go wrong.

    2. There must be engineers in the team who are proficient in asynchronous programming.

    As long as one of the above conditions is missing, developers will sooner or later encounter such difficult bugs as "Netty prompt: the reference count of ByteBuf has reached 0 and cannot be released again". Therefore, for general technical teams, we recommend The Loom project, not reactor-core. Of course, it may be more recommended to switch programming languages. However, the Turms project can now meet the above conditions, and there is no longer the situation of "extremely difficult to debug".

    Extras:

    • Some articles will say that asynchronous frameworks like reactor-core are easy to write callback hell. However, as mentioned above, reactor-core itself has a strong expressive ability. In fact, developers "can write several layers of call levels if they want to design several layers". In other words, if the highest calling level of a function is 5 levels, then reactor-core can be used to write 5/4/3/2/1 level codes. In practice, the nested callback functions of the Turms server are all nested to reduce intermediate objects or implement stack allocation (rather than heap allocation). For details, see the source code of the Turms server.
    • When developing the turms-admin management system, we usually try to avoid using await/async as much as possible. The reason is that turms-admin will eventually transpile into ES5 syntax, and the functions modified by await/async are in the source map After closing, it is very difficult to debug, so try to avoid await/async.
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    Turms Documentation

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    XMPP ​

    Background ​

    XMPP is an open instant messaging protocol based on XML.

    Turms does not use the XMPP protocol itself because:

    • It is very inefficient:
      • The data format uses redundant and inefficient XML, and its metadata is often larger than the actual transmitted data.
      • In XMPP's process design, there are many inefficient designs, such as converting user avatar images into Base64 text for transmission, and the server needs to actively push the modified personal information of a user to other users who subscribe to their presence in the roster.
    • It has poor scalability. Some articles may say that XMPP has strong scalability, but this "strong scalability" is only relative to those protocols with little scalability. A protocol with truly strong scalability is definitely a self-developed one.

    However, considering the following two points, we plan to adapt the Turms server to support the XMPP protocol in the near future:

    • The XMPP ecosystem happens to make up for a deficiency of Turms, which some developers have feedbacked under the Turms project: it is still quite complicated to implement a customized IM application from scratch based on Turms, especially since they need to implement UI interfaces and adapt APIs by themselves. Therefore, Turms is more suitable for teams that want to delve into IM research and development rather than for quick product releases.

      XMPP has a relatively rich client-side ecosystem, so as long as the Turms server is slightly adapted, it can provide services to XMPP clients. This allows users to quickly offer services through various UI-based XMPP clients while enjoying the benefits of Turms. When users want to create their own dedicated IM application, they can gradually phase out XMPP clients and transition to the Turms client.

      Note: Due to Turms' positioning, we do not consider tasks related to "providing UI-based clients" in our long-term plans. In other words, we will only consider providing UI-based clients after we have released customized stress testing platforms, data analysis platforms, and implemented various extensions and bug fixes for Turms. Therefore, the priority of this task is very low.

    • Most well-known XMPP open source server projects not only have outdated technical architecture and stacks, but also poor code quality and engineering capabilities. For example, the Tigase project, as an open source project that has been developed for decades, still makes a large number of rookie mistakes such as comparing strings using ==, or mixing data models with business logic without any code design capabilities, which is astonishing in terms of development ability.

      Although some open source XMPP servers may advertise their "scalable" architecture, their scalability is incomparable to that of Turms. Turms is a project that tries to achieve the ultimate in all aspects (including scalability) from a true sense of architecture, code implementation, database design, etc., so in the field of medium-to-large IM, Turms can strike a blow against them.

    Note: In fact, we do not have a plan to replace other XMPP servers with Turms server because the positioning of XMPP servers and Turms server are very different. One of the main goals of XMPP servers is to achieve open communication for instant messaging (just like email), but the support of the XMPP protocol in Turms server is mainly to allow users to quickly communicate with Turms server using XMPP clients, so as to provide services to the world quickly. Moreover, we do not have a plan to support the communication between Turms servers and other XMPP servers.

    Implementation Principle ​

    • The turms-gateway server first implements a customized XMPP server internally.

      Note: Customization is necessary because Turms does not need some of the features specified by the XMPP protocol, so there is no need to implement them. However, the customized XMPP server can still be compatible with standard XMPP clients.

    • When the XMPP server receives requests from XMPP clients, it will convert these requests into corresponding Turms service calls. Therefore, from the perspective of subsequent calls, XMPP client requests and Turms client requests follow similar logic, ultimately achieving interoperability between XMPP clients and Turms clients.

      Note:

      • Both use "similar logic" because their business processes are slightly different and not a one-to-one relationship.
      • XMPP and Turms clients share the same account system, so one account can be used to log in to both XMPP and Turms clients.
      • XMPP clients do not know about the Turms clients, and vice versa. The reason why they can communicate with each other is that the turms-gateway will convert the data into the protocol format they can understand before sending it.
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    Turms Documentation

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    turms-admin ​

    turms-admin is a customized backend administration single page application (SPA) for Turms project, specifically including: cluster management (cluster monitoring, cluster configuration), content management, client blacklist, permission control, client terminal, these five major sections.

    Note: turms-admin is positioned only as a visual Web application for the Turms server-side Admin API, so turms-admin itself does not provide any data collection, data analysis and alarm functions.

    Deployment Overview ​

    Turms uses a separate front- and back-end design, so the Turms server is not even "aware" of the existence of the turms-admin front-end project. So users can even open turms-admin directly in the browser and interact with the Turms server through local static HTML files. However, in order to facilitate developers' operation and deployment, the turms-admin project also provides the following two deployment options.

    shell
    docker run -d -p 6510:6510 ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-admin

    The image provides static resources for turms-admin externally through the built-in Nginx server. You will be able to access the http://localhost:6510 page after running the command

    Simple web server ​

    The turms-admin project itself also provides a simple web server based on Node.js. This web server will provide static resources of turms-admin to the public via HTTP interface, and will carry PM2 for turms-admin process management by default.

    Installation and Implementation Steps ​

    1. Install Node.js
    2. In the turms-admin directory, execute the npm run quickstart command, which consists of npm install && npm run build && npm run start, including the dependency package installation, front-end build and server-side execution. Wait for PM2 to indicate that the status of turms-admin is online, indicating that the turms-admin server-side process has been started
    3. Open the browser and visit the http://localhost:6510 page

    Common operations and maintenance commands ​

    start: Execute the turms-admin server-side process

    stop: Terminate the turms-admin server process

    delete：Terminate the turms-admin server process and delete its process record in PM2

    restart: restart the turms-admin server

    reload: reload the turms-admin server configuration

    For more commands and server-side configurations, please refer to PM2 documentation

    Introduction of the module ​

    Cluster management.

    • Cluster monitoring: view the real-time operational status of the cluster; view the specific information and metric data of a particular server
    • Cluster Configuration: This section corresponds to the global configuration function of the Turms server, which can modify the Turms server configuration in real time with zero downtime
    • Cluster Flight Logger: Manage the flight logger of each node of the cluster
    • Cluster plug-in: manage the plug-in of each node of the cluster

    Content management: add, delete, change and check various business data

    Client Blacklist: This part corresponds to the global blacklist mechanism of Turms server, which is used to add, delete, and check blacklist records

    Permission control: used to add, delete and change the information and permissions of administrators

    Client terminal: equipped with turms-client-js client implementation, used for administrators to quickly test the real client request and server response

    TODO: post GIF demo image

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    接口 ​

    Turms客户端目前支持JavaScript、Kotlin、Swift与Dart这四种语言，对外暴露一致的接口，并且表现为一致的行为。各语言版本之间的部分接口参数可能出现不完全一致的情况，这主要体现在：1. 接口采用更贴近当前语言特性及习惯的参数与语法；2. turms-client-js独有的参数与接口。

    由于Turms各语言客户端行为具有高度的一致性，因此如果您基于上述任意一种语言进行业务开发，您可以在代码逻辑不做改变的情况下，轻松将已写好的业务代码翻译为另外三种语言（具体可参考在本文结尾处的示例）。

    客户端的对外逻辑结构 ​

    • TurmsClient：Turms客户端唯一直接对外暴露的类，一个TurmsClient实例代表着一个客户端与服务端之间的会话连接。以下变量是TurmsClient对外的成员变量。

      • driver：TurmsClient的运行驱动。负责连接的开起关闭、底层数据的发送接收与心跳控制等基础性操作。以下介绍到的Service层类都基于driver运作。

      • userService：用户相关服务。负责如用户登陆、添加好友、添加关系人分组、发送/处理好友请求、查询附近的用户等操作。

      • groupService：群组相关服务。负责如创建群组、变更群主、修改群成员角色、修改群信息等操作。

      • messageService：消息相关服务。负责如发送消息、修改已发送消息、查询各类消息与其状态、撤回消息等操作。

      • notificationService：通知相关服务。负责接受与响应业务层面上的通知（比如：其他用户向该用户发送好友请求、群组成员上下线等通知）。 提醒：消息（message）不算做业务层面上的“通知”（notification），因此notificationService不会处理用户消息，用户消息仅由messageService进行处理。而driver中TurmsNotification的“通知”概念指的是网络层面上的Turms服务端给Turms客户端的通知，因此notificationService也不会处理底层的TurmsNotification数据。

        补充：关于通知功能的开启与关闭，您可以在turms服务端im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.service.business.NotificationProperties处，实时地进行修改。

      • storageService：存储相关服务（可选拓展）。负责用户头像、群组头像与消息附件的上传与下载操作。补充：该服务为Turms的拓展服务，因此若您希望使用该功能，您需要将turms-plugin-minio或您自行实现的存储插件集成到turms服务端当中。

    Service中方法的返回值 ​

    与Turms服务端交互的所有Turms客户端接口都基于异步模型编写。turms-client-js使用Promise模型，turms-client-kotlin使用Coroutines模型，而turms-client-swift使用Promise模型（由PromiseKit提供）。

    各种Service可以对Turms所提供的业务数据进行增删改查操作。您需要了解其返回值种类，以开发您自己的业务代码。

    对于状态码为10xx的响应（拓展知识） ​

    • 对于增加业务数据的方法，如果该方法的返回值被声明为一个异步模型（如：Promise<Response<string>>），则返回的泛型（如前文的string类型）的值必定不为空，否则会抛出一个状态码为INVALID_RESPONSE的错误ResponseError或ResponseException，表明本应该存在的数据丢失。若出现该错误，则意味着Turms服务端或客户端自身存在行为不一致的Bug。

    • 对于删除与更新业务数据的方法，它们均返回被异步模型包裹的Void类型（如：Promise<Response<Void>>）。

    • 对于查找业务数据的方法：

      如果该类方法返回被异步模型包裹的List类型，则当服务端返回空数据时，该查找操作方法会返回一个空List，而非null或undefined。

      如果被包裹的类型不是List类型，则当服务端返回空数据时，该查找操作方法会返回一个undefined（JavaScript）或null（Kotlin）或nil（Swift）。特例：answerGroupQuestions方法可以算做查询方法，但其返回数据永不为空。

    对于状态非10xx的响应（拓展知识） ​

    这类响应均被认作是“错误”状态响应。Service中的方法会通过异步模型抛出ResponseError或ResponseException，并且这些错误或异常实例均会携带具体的响应状态码与错误原因。

    主要接口差异（拓展知识） ​

    通常情况下，您并不需要关心各客户端接口之间的差异，但如果您的团队需要由一名开发者基于多个Turms客户端进行上层的开发工作，或者您需要对照您项目的上层客户端代码实现的异同，您可以了解一下客户端间主要接口的不同。

    在早期Turms客户端实现中，各客户端之间的接口参数与数据模型是尽量保持统一的参数配置与含义，如时间相关的参数。但这种强行统一的写法不符合目标语言习惯。同时考虑到在大部分情况下，各客户端的上层业务代码通常有专人负责，而非全由一名开发者负责，统一含义意义不大，并且这些差异也符合目标语言习惯，故不进行强制统一。

    客户端主要接口的差异如下表：

    JavaScript客户端Kotlin客户端Swift客户端Dart客户端示例
    时间单位一律为毫秒一律为毫秒采用TimeInterval（即秒）一律为毫秒connectTimeout
    响应异常模型ResponseError（继承自Error）ResponseException（继承自RuntimeException）ResponseError（继承自Error）ResponseException（继承自Exception）
    异步模型PromiseCoroutines由PromiseKit提供的PromiseFuture

    补充：对于对外暴露的回调函数实现，Turms的Swift客户端没有采用Swift常见的delegate代理模式，而是和其他语言客户端一样通过函数传递逃逸闭包。

    理解接口（重点） ​

    Turms所有客户端的接口都非常容易理解与使用。开发者甚至不需要看Turms客户端有什么接口，只需要凭借基本的IM业务知识就能反推Turms会有什么接口。

    开发者一般只需要记住：

    • 通过new TurmsClient(...)创建Turms客户端实例
    • 在上文客户端的对外逻辑结构提到的：Turms客户端分为五个服务：userService（用户相关服务）、groupService（群组相关服务）、messageService（消息相关服务）、notificationService（通知相关服务）、storageService（存储相关服务、可选拓展）。

    之后我们就能凭借业务知识反推Turms客户端会有什么接口了，比如：

    • 用户首先要能登陆，于是先想到其对应的服务userService用户相关服务。既然是登陆所以找找有没有login方法，于是自然地就找到了client.userService.login(...)方法。
    • 登陆后，用户需要能够发消息，那就先想到messageService消息相关服务，再看看有没有类似sendMessage的方法，于是找到了client.messageService.sendMessage(...)方法。
    • 既然能发消息，那有什么方法能监听收到的消息呢？既然跟消息有关，那依旧想到的是messageService，于是想到方法可能是onMessage、subscribeMessage或addMessageListener，代码里找一找，找到了client.messageService.addMessageListener(...)。
    • 既然能监听收到的消息，那怎么监听接收到的通知呢？既然跟通知有关，那想到的就是notificationService通知相关类服务，并且既然监听收到的消息的方法叫addMessageListener，那监听通知的方法就应该是addNotificationListener了，于是找到了client.notification.addNotificationListener。

    综上，开发者一般只需凭借基本的业务知识就能反推Turms客户端提供的接口，甚至不需要读Turms客户端的源码。

    而对于高级开发者，Turms客户端也开放了driver对象，让开发者自行实现一些相对底层的操作。另外，如在会话的生命周期提到的，Turms客户端是故意设计的清晰易懂，故意不提供诸如自动重连、自动路由跳转等操作，因为一方面开发者可以很容易地自行实现该类逻辑，另一方面，这类“隐藏”的内部逻辑会使得上层开发者难以把控底层驱动行为，在一些时候反而会成为绊脚石。

    具体示例 ​

    以下示例包括turms-client-js/kotlin/swift/dart四个版本，并且其作用等价。具体包括了以下业务操作：初始化客户端、登录、监听会话连接断开（下线）、监听通知、监听新消息、查询附近的用户、发送消息、创建群组操作。

    体验示例前的服务端准备工作 ​

    • 方案一：无需在本地搭建Turms服务端，用户直接在本地通过客户端API连接Playground上的turms-gateway服务端（WebSocket端口：http://playground.turms.im:10510；TCP端口：http://playground.turms.im:11510）。但注意及时将本地客户端升级到最新版本，以避免出现因为服务端侧的接口更新，导致数据不一致的问题。
    • 方案二：在application.yaml配置文件中更新以下配置：
      1. 将turms.gateway.session.enable-authentication设置为false（取消用户登录认证）
      2. 将turms.service.message.allow-sending-messages-to-stranger设置为true（允许没有用户关系的用户互相发送消息）
    • 方案三：使用自带dev profile配置。因为Turms提供的devprofile已做了上述配置。默认情况下，Turms发布包中的application.yaml的profile字段为空，即默认的profile不是dev，需要您手动配置为dev。

    代码示例 ​

    javascript
    // Initialize client
+    
    Turms Documentation
    简体中文
    English
    简体中文
    English
    Appearance
    接口 ​
    Turms客户端目前支持JavaScript、Kotlin、Swift与Dart这四种语言，对外暴露一致的接口，并且表现为一致的行为。各语言版本之间的部分接口参数可能出现不完全一致的情况，这主要体现在：1. 接口采用更贴近当前语言特性及习惯的参数与语法；2. turms-client-js独有的参数与接口。
    由于Turms各语言客户端行为具有高度的一致性，因此如果您基于上述任意一种语言进行业务开发，您可以在代码逻辑不做改变的情况下，轻松将已写好的业务代码翻译为另外三种语言（具体可参考在本文结尾处的示例）。
    客户端的对外逻辑结构 ​
    • TurmsClient：Turms客户端唯一直接对外暴露的类，一个TurmsClient实例代表着一个客户端与服务端之间的会话连接。以下变量是TurmsClient对外的成员变量。
      • driver：TurmsClient的运行驱动。负责连接的开起关闭、底层数据的发送接收与心跳控制等基础性操作。以下介绍到的Service层类都基于driver运作。
      • userService：用户相关服务。负责如用户登陆、添加好友、添加关系人分组、发送/处理好友请求、查询附近的用户等操作。
      • groupService：群组相关服务。负责如创建群组、变更群主、修改群成员角色、修改群信息等操作。
      • messageService：消息相关服务。负责如发送消息、修改已发送消息、查询各类消息与其状态、撤回消息等操作。
      • notificationService：通知相关服务。负责接受与响应业务层面上的通知（比如：其他用户向该用户发送好友请求、群组成员上下线等通知）。 提醒：消息（message）不算做业务层面上的“通知”（notification），因此notificationService不会处理用户消息，用户消息仅由messageService进行处理。而driver中TurmsNotification的“通知”概念指的是网络层面上的Turms服务端给Turms客户端的通知，因此notificationService也不会处理底层的TurmsNotification数据。
        补充：关于通知功能的开启与关闭，您可以在turms服务端im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.service.business.NotificationProperties处，实时地进行修改。
      • storageService：存储相关服务（可选拓展）。负责用户头像、群组头像与消息附件的上传与下载操作。补充：该服务为Turms的拓展服务，因此若您希望使用该功能，您需要将turms-plugin-minio或您自行实现的存储插件集成到turms服务端当中。
    Service中方法的返回值 ​
    与Turms服务端交互的所有Turms客户端接口都基于异步模型编写。turms-client-js使用Promise模型，turms-client-kotlin使用Coroutines模型，而turms-client-swift使用Promise模型（由PromiseKit提供）。
    各种Service可以对Turms所提供的业务数据进行增删改查操作。您需要了解其返回值种类，以开发您自己的业务代码。
    对于状态码为10xx的响应（拓展知识） ​
    • 对于增加业务数据的方法，如果该方法的返回值被声明为一个异步模型（如：Promise<Response<string>>），则返回的泛型（如前文的string类型）的值必定不为空，否则会抛出一个状态码为INVALID_RESPONSE的错误ResponseError或ResponseException，表明本应该存在的数据丢失。若出现该错误，则意味着Turms服务端或客户端自身存在行为不一致的Bug。
    • 对于删除与更新业务数据的方法，它们均返回被异步模型包裹的Void类型（如：Promise<Response<Void>>）。
    • 对于查找业务数据的方法：
      如果该类方法返回被异步模型包裹的List类型，则当服务端返回空数据时，该查找操作方法会返回一个空List，而非null或undefined。
      如果被包裹的类型不是List类型，则当服务端返回空数据时，该查找操作方法会返回一个undefined（JavaScript）或null（Kotlin）或nil（Swift）。特例：answerGroupQuestions方法可以算做查询方法，但其返回数据永不为空。
    对于状态非10xx的响应（拓展知识） ​
    这类响应均被认作是“错误”状态响应。Service中的方法会通过异步模型抛出ResponseError或ResponseException，并且这些错误或异常实例均会携带具体的响应状态码与错误原因。
    主要接口差异（拓展知识） ​
    通常情况下，您并不需要关心各客户端接口之间的差异，但如果您的团队需要由一名开发者基于多个Turms客户端进行上层的开发工作，或者您需要对照您项目的上层客户端代码实现的异同，您可以了解一下客户端间主要接口的不同。
    在早期Turms客户端实现中，各客户端之间的接口参数与数据模型是尽量保持统一的参数配置与含义，如时间相关的参数。但这种强行统一的写法不符合目标语言习惯。同时考虑到在大部分情况下，各客户端的上层业务代码通常有专人负责，而非全由一名开发者负责，统一含义意义不大，并且这些差异也符合目标语言习惯，故不进行强制统一。
    客户端主要接口的差异如下表：
    JavaScript客户端Kotlin客户端Swift客户端Dart客户端示例
    时间单位一律为毫秒一律为毫秒采用TimeInterval（即秒）一律为毫秒connectTimeout
    响应异常模型ResponseError（继承自Error）ResponseException（继承自RuntimeException）ResponseError（继承自Error）ResponseException（继承自Exception）
    异步模型PromiseCoroutines由PromiseKit提供的PromiseFuture
    补充：对于对外暴露的回调函数实现，Turms的Swift客户端没有采用Swift常见的delegate代理模式，而是和其他语言客户端一样通过函数传递逃逸闭包。
    理解接口（重点） ​
    Turms所有客户端的接口都非常容易理解与使用。开发者甚至不需要看Turms客户端有什么接口，只需要凭借基本的IM业务知识就能反推Turms会有什么接口。
    开发者一般只需要记住：
    • 通过new TurmsClient(...)创建Turms客户端实例
    • 在上文客户端的对外逻辑结构提到的：Turms客户端分为五个服务：userService（用户相关服务）、groupService（群组相关服务）、messageService（消息相关服务）、notificationService（通知相关服务）、storageService（存储相关服务、可选拓展）。
    之后我们就能凭借业务知识反推Turms客户端会有什么接口了，比如：
    • 用户首先要能登陆，于是先想到其对应的服务userService用户相关服务。既然是登陆所以找找有没有login方法，于是自然地就找到了client.userService.login(...)方法。
    • 登陆后，用户需要能够发消息，那就先想到messageService消息相关服务，再看看有没有类似sendMessage的方法，于是找到了client.messageService.sendMessage(...)方法。
    • 既然能发消息，那有什么方法能监听收到的消息呢？既然跟消息有关，那依旧想到的是messageService，于是想到方法可能是onMessage、subscribeMessage或addMessageListener，代码里找一找，找到了client.messageService.addMessageListener(...)。
    • 既然能监听收到的消息，那怎么监听接收到的通知呢？既然跟通知有关，那想到的就是notificationService通知相关类服务，并且既然监听收到的消息的方法叫addMessageListener，那监听通知的方法就应该是addNotificationListener了，于是找到了client.notification.addNotificationListener。
    综上，开发者一般只需凭借基本的业务知识就能反推Turms客户端提供的接口，甚至不需要读Turms客户端的源码。
    而对于高级开发者，Turms客户端也开放了driver对象，让开发者自行实现一些相对底层的操作。另外，如在会话的生命周期提到的，Turms客户端是故意设计的清晰易懂，故意不提供诸如自动重连、自动路由跳转等操作，因为一方面开发者可以很容易地自行实现该类逻辑，另一方面，这类“隐藏”的内部逻辑会使得上层开发者难以把控底层驱动行为，在一些时候反而会成为绊脚石。
    具体示例 ​
    以下示例包括turms-client-js/kotlin/swift/dart四个版本，并且其作用等价。具体包括了以下业务操作：初始化客户端、登录、监听会话连接断开（下线）、监听通知、监听新消息、查询附近的用户、发送消息、创建群组操作。
    体验示例前的服务端准备工作 ​
    • 方案一：无需在本地搭建Turms服务端，用户直接在本地通过客户端API连接Playground上的turms-gateway服务端（WebSocket端口：http://playground.turms.im:10510；TCP端口：http://playground.turms.im:11510）。但注意及时将本地客户端升级到最新版本，以避免出现因为服务端侧的接口更新，导致数据不一致的问题。
    • 方案二：在application.yaml配置文件中更新以下配置： 
      1. 将turms.gateway.session.enable-authentication设置为false（取消用户登录认证）
      2. 将turms.service.message.allow-sending-messages-to-stranger设置为true（允许没有用户关系的用户互相发送消息）
    • 方案三：使用自带dev profile配置。因为Turms提供的devprofile已做了上述配置。默认情况下，Turms发布包中的application.yaml的profile字段为空，即默认的profile不是dev，需要您手动配置为dev。
    代码示例 ​
    javascript
    // Initialize client
 const client = new TurmsClient(); // new TurmsClient('ws://any-turms-gateway-server.com');
 
 // Listen to the offline event
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
         intro: 'nope'))
     .data;
 print('group $groupId has been created');
    
-    
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    Turms Documentation
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    与服务端通信时使用的数据格式 ​
    对于一般请求与响应而言：
    • 基于纯TCP协议实现的客户端：varint编码的正文长度 + 正文（Protobuf编码的TurmsNotification或TurmsRequest）
    • 基于WebSocket协议实现的客户端：正文（Protobuf编码的TurmsNotification或TurmsRequest）。正文的字节长度信息通过底层的WebSocket Frame传输
    对于心跳请求而言：
    • 基于纯TCP协议实现的客户端：一个长度为一字节的[0]字节数组。这里的数值0其实是指“该Payload的长度在varint编码下为一字节长度的0”，即Payload为0字节。
    • 基于WebSocket协议实现的客户端：一个正文为空（0字节）的Binary类型消息
    补充：Turms不通过WebSocket的PING/PONG来实现心跳的原因是：
    • 各浏览器WebSocket实现的PING消息发送时间间隔不同
    • 上层代码无法控制PING/PONG的行为，甚至无法感知行为的发生
    • 网络层面的心跳逻辑不应该和应用层的心跳耦合
    
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@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
   
   
     
    Turms Documentation
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    度量数据 ​
    参考文档：可观测性体系
    网络连接度量 ​
    Turms各客户端会提供网络连接相关的度量数据。开发者可以通过turmsClient.driver.connectionMetrics获取该度量数据对象。该对象包含以下数据：
    数据点名称单位含义
    addressResolverTime毫秒域名解析用时。
    turms-client-js不提供该数据
    connectTime毫秒对于非turms-client-js客户端，该数据指TCP握手用时；
    对于turms-client-js客户端，该数据指域名解析、TCP握手、TLS握手、建立WebSocket连接的总用时
    tlsHandshakeTime毫秒TLS握手用时。
    turms-client-js/swift不提供该数据
    dataReceived字节对于非turms-client-js客户端，该数据指TCP接收到的数据字节数；
    对于turms-client-js客户端，该数据指WebSocket连接接收到的Binary帧Payload数据字节数
    dataSent字节对于非turms-client-js客户端，该数据指TCP已发送的数据字节数；
    对于turms-client-js客户端，该数据指WebSocket连接已发送的Binary帧Payload数据字节数
    业务请求度量 ​
    TODO
    
-    
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@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 }

  • 对于使用turms-client-swift的项目：在Xcode中，通过General标签页下的Frameworks, Libraries, and Embedded Content指定本地turms-client-swift文件夹路径并添加即可。

  • 对于使用turms-client-dart的项目：在您项目的pubspec.yaml里添加下述依赖即可：

    yaml
    dependencies:
   turms_client_dart:
     path: <YOUR_OWN_DIR>/turms_client_dart

  • 编写业务逻辑代码

    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/client/requirements.html b/docs/zh-CN/client/requirements.html index df9c5441..47e5a536 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/client/requirements.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/client/requirements.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    English

    Appearance

    版本要求 ​

    Turms客户端对版本的最低要求，主要是根据：平台全球市场占有率、平台TLSv1.2最低支持版本与代码实现的优雅程度，三个因素来考量。另外，Turms不提供对TLSv1与TLSv1.1等被时代淘汰协议的官方支持。

    平台支持的最低版本原因
    Android21+考虑到21+的市场占有率与代码实现优雅程度，故支持21+
    iOS12.0+考虑到iOS 12.0+在全球的市场占有率以及苹果产品用户的习惯，turms-client-swift采用NWConnection实现TCP协议，因此设备版本的要求等同于支持NWConnection设备的版本要求。
    另外，turms-client-swift不会考虑用古老的CFStreamCreatePairWithSocketToHost来实现TCP协议。
    浏览器支持WebSocket协议的浏览器对于IE浏览器，turms-client-js仅对IE 11提供官方支持。
    另外，turms-client-js不会将WebSocket降级为轮询机制
    桌面端turms-client-kotlin(JDK8+)
    turms-client-js(Node.js 8+)    		如果您采用turms-client-kotlin实现，则要求JDK版本为8(+)，因为JDK 8+默认提供对TLSv1.2的支持。
    如果您采用turms-client-js实现，则Turms提供对Node.js 8+的官方支持

    补充

    • turms-client-kotlin采用的是Socket，而非SocketChannel。其中最主要的原因是：Android SDK不对SocketChannel提供一套标准的TLS协议实现，需要自行实现。考虑到安卓系统的五花八门且系统功能本身就比较受限（尤其相比服务端实现），自行实现TLS协议极易导致各种意料之外的Bugs，故使用Socket以采用官方的TLS协议实现。
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/client/session.html b/docs/zh-CN/client/session.html index 25462a8e..3ae5c97b 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/client/session.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/client/session.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

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    会话的生命周期 ​

    Turms客户端的会话生命周期比较容易理解，具体而言：先通过driver.connect(...)进行网络层的连接，而后通过userService.login(...)进行业务层面上的登录操作，在登录成功后，对应的会话就建立了。最后再通过userService.logout(...)方法向服务端发送会话关闭通知，同时也会关闭网络层连接。

    为了保持逻辑简单，也方便上层开发者自行组合各种逻辑。Turms不提供诸如自动重连、自动路由跳转等操作，一方面开发者可以很容易地实现该类逻辑，另一方面，这类“隐藏”的内部逻辑会使得上层开发者难以把控底层驱动行为，在一些时候反而会成为绊脚石。

    拓展：如同WebSocket基于关闭帧的会话关闭机制，Turms服务端在关闭会话时，也会通过一个会话关闭信令来通知客户端该会话已关闭，并在信令被Flushed后，通知底层WebSocket/TCP关闭连接。Turms服务端不需要等待客户端对会话关闭信令的任何响应，客户端也不会向服务端发送有关会话关闭信令的响应。

    生命周期回调钩子 ​

    层次名称调用时机提醒
    网络层driver.addOnConnectedListener当网络层连接建立时通常您并不需要通过addOnConnectedListener来添加连接监听事件，
    而是在driver.connect(...)异步执行成功后，执行自定义代码
    网络层driver.addOnDisconnectedListener当网络层连接断开时
    业务逻辑层userService.addOnOnlineListener当会话建立，即用户上线时通常您并不需要通过addOnOnlineListener来添加上线监听事件，
    而是在userService.login(...)异步执行成功后，执行自定义代码
    业务逻辑层userService.addOnOfflineListener当会话断开，即用户下线时
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.html b/docs/zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.html index 89673ae9..8b5d1ef1 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/client/turms-chat-demo.html @@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ - + -
    Turms Documentation

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    English

    Appearance

    Turms Chat Demo ​

    背景 ​

    最初，我们是计划先通过让turms-gateway支持XMPP协议来让用户能够自行复用世界上已有的XMPP客户端。但是不管是收费，还是免费的XMPP客户端质量基本都不高，主要体现在：

    1. 大多XMPP客户端项目代码质量差，尤其是很多早期客户端工程师的代码功底很差，甚至会把复杂的UI逻辑与业务逻辑杂糅在一起写（比如著名开源项目JMeter），二次开发不如自己重写。
    2. 不管是商业还是开源的UI设计水平基本都停留在业余爱好者水平。如果一个客户端项目没有专业的UI，我们会对其团队的前端工程师与UI设计师的能力表示怀疑（团队中只要有一位靠谱的、中级水平的前端工程师，就应该有独立设计单一产品UI的能力），也不会推荐用户去用他们的方案。
    3. 几乎没有一个开源的XMPP客户端支持完整的跨平台方案。
    4. 很多质量不高的XMPP客户端甚至需要收费。

    考虑到提供一套跨桌面端与移动端IM应用的开发难度不高，主要是体力活，并且IM应用的UI与功能通用性强（在市面上找10款IM商业应用调研，会发现至少有9款IM的UI与功能是基本类似的），因此决定先提供IM客户端Demoturms-chat-demo-flutter，让Turms的用户能够自己使用或二次开发，之后再支持XMPP协议。

    RoadMap ​

    • 2023年11月~12月：完成桌面端UI设计；搭建Flutter项目框架；完成桌面端基础组件开发与测试；完整Windows桌面端UI开发与测试。
    • 2023年12月~2024年1月：完成MacOS桌面端的UI适配工作；完成移动端基础组件开发与测试；完成Android手机端的UI开发与测试。
    • 2024年1月~2024年2月：完成iOS手机端的UI适配工作。
    • 2024年2月~3月：完成Web端的UI开发。
    • 2024年3月~4月：集成turms-client-dart与实现IM业务逻辑（上述任务只有UI开发与测试，不包括业务逻辑）。

    另外：

    • 考虑到Turms的其他任务、节假日与工作情况，上述时间可能会略有变动。
    • 无计划支持小程序。

    简介 ​

    我们想着重提醒项目名中的一词——demo。该词主要有以下几种含义：

    1. 不管是从产品角度，还是技术角度，该客户端demo也只不过是其中可能的的方案之一，用户不应该因为该demo而限制设计自身IM产品的能力，尤其不要认为Turms的服务端是为该demo定制的，正如Turms文档中反复提及Turms是一个通用IM解决方案，致力于解决各种IM场景。
    2. 为用户的二次开发做准备。这主要分为三个方面：
      1. UI与业务逻辑分离。方便需要二次开发的团队复用UI来实现自己的业务逻辑，读者甚至可以只用turms-chat-demo-flutter项目，不使用Turms服务端，而是使用自研的IM服务端。
      2. 依旧采用宽松的Apache 2.0，而不是客户端开源项目常见的、更加严格的GPL协议。
      3. 由于全球范围的IM应用的UI设计都非常类似，因此该demo也会实现大部分IM的通用UI与逻辑，一般不提供更为定制化的逻辑，以方面其他团队二次开发。

    注意：demo没有质量低的含义，这点读者之后看代码质量与UI设计就可明白。

    关于二次开发 ​

    由于Flutter应用的设计模式众多，很多应用缺乏统一的设计，导致一个应用中存在众多互斥的设计，架构看起来非常混乱。

    为了统一本应用的架构与代码设计，方便读者阅读代码，也方便工程师添加代码，本章节对项目的状态管理与架构进行讲解。

    状态管理 ​

    Flutter状态管理方案众多，至少有几十种方案。对于应用级的状态管理：turms-chat-demo-flutter采用主流的、Flutter官方推荐的、更符合Flutter自身设计的、更新勤快的方案，即Riverpod。

    尽管Flutter还有其他状态管理方案，但要么是引入不必要的复杂（如：Bloc），要么是侵入性过强（如：GetX），要么是跟Flutter原生风格差异过大，要么是长期不更新，要么是偏实验性的，因此均不采用。

    另外，本应用除了用Riverpod实现状态管理，还顺便用它来实现依赖注入（Dependency Injection）。

    架构 ​

    不仅是Flutter的应用架构设计模式本身就很多，而且同一个架构设计也有多种实践方式。本项目基于Flutter应用的设计传统，选择最适合自身情况的架构设计模式：

    对于应用级的架构设计：基于Riverpod，采用MVC+S与MVVM混合架构设计。

    • Model => Repository。负责增删改查外部数据源接口交互的仓储层。
    • View => Widget：负责UI展示。
    • Controller + View Model => Controller：负责接收用户输入，并基于Service执行业务处理逻辑；管理业务组件的业务状态（State），供UI层进行展示。
    • Service：负责执行业务处理逻辑，上接Controller，下接Repository。不叫常见的domain是因为domain是一个指代含糊的词，不仅能指代service，也能指代repository，甚至还能同时指代controller、service与repository等，即指代“业务域”。

    提醒：

    • 本章节所述的Controller是应用架构分层中的Controller，而不是Flutter组件的Controller，如AnimationController。

    • 有些Flutter项目的Controller不仅仅是Controller，还是（is）View Model。在本应用中，Controller只是Controller，但同时又包含（has）View Model，即状态（State）。

    • 复杂的项目可能会采用5层架构，即：View、Controller、Service、Repository、Data Source。但本应用逻辑相对简单，因此只3层与4层架构，即View、Controller、Service（可选）、Repository。

    • 如果读者有阅读过有10年以上历史的桌面端开源项目，就经常能发现这类项目的Model类可能会包含比较复杂的业务逻辑。

      这是因为在早期桌面端开发与面向对象设计中，Model是一个更综合的概念，常常同时指代现今更为常见的Model/Entity（数据模型。不包含数据处理逻辑，或者只包含基本的数据处理逻辑）与Repository（获取、处理、响应数据的仓储层）这两个概念。但由于这样的设计明显不符合于关注点分离（Separation of Concerns）的设计理念，因此靠谱的现代项目已经不会采用这样的设计了。

    目录结构 ​

    基于上述的架构设计，该项目的目录结构大体如下：

    • ui

      • components：共享UI组件（Widgets），如按钮、标签页等。
      • screens：应用页面。每个页面除了包括Widgets，还包括各自的Controllers。
      • themes：主题。

    • domain

      • user

        • services
        • repositories

      • message

        • services
        • repositories

      • ...

    • infra：

      • preferences：管理应用本地配置。
      • routes：路由。
      • window：管理桌面端窗口。
      • ...
    - +
    Turms Documentation

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    English

    Appearance

    Turms Chat Demo ​

    背景 ​

    最初，我们是计划先通过让turms-gateway支持XMPP协议来让用户能够自行复用世界上已有的XMPP客户端。但是不管是收费，还是免费的XMPP客户端质量基本都不高，主要体现在：

    1. 大多XMPP客户端项目代码质量差，尤其是很多早期客户端工程师的代码功底很差，甚至会把复杂的UI逻辑与业务逻辑杂糅在一起写（比如著名开源项目JMeter），二次开发不如自己重写。
    2. 不管是商业还是开源的UI设计水平基本都停留在业余爱好者水平。如果一个客户端项目没有专业的UI，我们会对其团队的前端工程师与UI设计师的能力表示怀疑（团队中只要有一位靠谱的、中级水平的前端工程师，就应该有独立设计单一产品UI的能力），也不会推荐用户去用他们的方案。
    3. 几乎没有一个开源的XMPP客户端支持完整的跨平台方案。
    4. 很多质量不高的XMPP客户端甚至需要收费。

    考虑到提供一套跨桌面端与移动端IM应用的开发难度不高，主要是体力活，并且IM应用的UI与功能通用性强（在市面上找10款IM商业应用调研，会发现至少有9款IM的UI与功能是基本类似的），因此决定先提供IM客户端Demoturms-chat-demo-flutter，让Turms的用户能够自己使用或二次开发，之后再支持XMPP协议。

    RoadMap ​

    • 2023年11月~12月：完成桌面端UI设计；搭建Flutter项目框架；完成桌面端基础组件开发与测试；完整Windows桌面端UI开发与测试。
    • 2023年12月~2024年1月：完成MacOS桌面端的UI适配工作；完成移动端基础组件开发与测试；完成Android手机端的UI开发与测试。
    • 2024年1月~2024年2月：完成iOS手机端的UI适配工作。
    • 2024年2月~3月：完成Web端的UI开发。
    • 2024年3月~4月：集成turms-client-dart与实现IM业务逻辑（上述任务只有UI开发与测试，不包括业务逻辑）。

    另外：

    • 考虑到Turms的其他任务、节假日与工作情况，上述时间可能会略有变动。
    • 无计划支持小程序。

    简介 ​

    我们想着重提醒项目名中的一词——demo。该词主要有以下几种含义：

    1. 不管是从产品角度，还是技术角度，该客户端demo也只不过是其中可能的的方案之一，用户不应该因为该demo而限制设计自身IM产品的能力，尤其不要认为Turms的服务端是为该demo定制的，正如Turms文档中反复提及Turms是一个通用IM解决方案，致力于解决各种IM场景。
    2. 为用户的二次开发做准备。这主要分为三个方面：
      1. UI与业务逻辑分离。方便需要二次开发的团队复用UI来实现自己的业务逻辑，读者甚至可以只用turms-chat-demo-flutter项目，不使用Turms服务端，而是使用自研的IM服务端。
      2. 依旧采用宽松的Apache 2.0，而不是客户端开源项目常见的、更加严格的GPL协议。
      3. 由于全球范围的IM应用的UI设计都非常类似，因此该demo也会实现大部分IM的通用UI与逻辑，一般不提供更为定制化的逻辑，以方面其他团队二次开发。

    注意：demo没有质量低的含义，这点读者之后看代码质量与UI设计就可明白。

    关于二次开发 ​

    由于Flutter应用的设计模式众多，很多应用缺乏统一的设计，导致一个应用中存在众多互斥的设计，架构看起来非常混乱。

    为了统一本应用的架构与代码设计，方便读者阅读代码，也方便工程师添加代码，本章节对项目的状态管理与架构进行讲解。

    状态管理 ​

    Flutter状态管理方案众多，至少有几十种方案。对于应用级的状态管理：turms-chat-demo-flutter采用主流的、Flutter官方推荐的、更符合Flutter自身设计的、更新勤快的库，即Riverpod。

    尽管Flutter还有其他状态管理方案，但要么是引入不必要的复杂（如：Bloc），要么是侵入性过强（如：GetX），要么是跟Flutter原生风格差异过大，要么是长期不更新，要么是偏实验性的，因此均不采用。

    另外，本应用除了用Riverpod实现状态管理，还顺便用它来实现依赖注入（Dependency Injection）。

    架构 ​

    不仅是Flutter的应用架构设计模式本身就很多，而且同一个架构设计也有多种实践方式。本项目基于Flutter应用的设计传统，选择最适合自身情况的架构设计模式：

    对于应用级的架构设计：基于Riverpod，采用MVC+S与MVVM混合架构设计。

    • Model => Repository。负责增删改查外部数据源接口交互的仓储层。

    • View => Widget：负责UI展示。

    • Controller + View Model：

      • Controller：负责接收用户输入，并基于Service执行业务处理逻辑；管理业务组件的业务状态（State），供UI层进行展示。
      • View Model：负责存储各种状态，并在状态变化时通知监听器（观察者模式）。

    • Service：负责执行业务处理逻辑，上接Controller，下接Repository。不叫常见的domain是因为domain是一个指代含糊的词，不仅能指代service，也能指代repository，甚至还能同时指代controller、service与repository等，即指代“业务域”。

    提醒：

    • 本章节所述的Controller是应用架构分层中的Controller，而不是Flutter组件的Controller，如AnimationController。

    • 复杂的项目可能会采用5层架构，即：View、Controller、Service、Repository、Data Source。但本应用逻辑相对简单，因此只3层与4层架构，即View、Controller、Service（可选）、Repository。

    • 如果读者有阅读过有10年以上历史的桌面端开源项目，就经常能发现这类项目的Model类可能会包含比较复杂的业务逻辑。

      这是因为在早期桌面端开发与面向对象设计中，Model是一个更综合的概念，常常同时指代现今更为常见的Model/Entity（数据模型。不包含数据处理逻辑，或者只包含基本的数据处理逻辑）与Repository（获取、处理、响应数据的仓储层）这两个概念。

      但一方面，这样的设计明显不符合于关注点分离（Separation of Concerns）的设计理念。

      另一方面，我们常说类的设计要高内聚，低耦合。而如果以类为点，以类的分层为面（一种体现方式就是目录结构），将数据模型与仓储层逻辑混合在一起，也会让代码分层低内聚，高耦合，是一种由无知导致的反范式设计，而不是一种有意识地反范式设计。

      因此靠谱的现代项目已经不会采用这样的设计了。

    • 有些Flutter项目的Controller不仅仅是Controller，还是（is）View Model。但其缺点如上所述。

      因此在本应用中，Controller只是Controller，并且可以包含（has）零至多个View Models，即状态（States）。

    • 很多优秀的设计理念都是互通的，只是具体的叫法可能不同。在Web应用领域中，我们在设计UI组件时，通常会区分设计Smart Components（包含逻辑，尤其是业务逻辑）与Dumb Components（不包含逻辑，或只包含非常简单的逻辑）。上述turms-chat-demo所说的View就是Dumb Component，而View与Controller共同构成了Smart Components。

    目录结构 ​

    基于上述的架构设计，该项目的目录结构大体如下：

    • ui

      • components：共享UI组件（Widgets），如按钮、标签页等。
      • screens：应用页面。每个页面除了包括Widgets，还包括各自的Controllers。
      • themes：主题。

    • domain

      • user

        • services
        • repositories

      • message

        • services
        • repositories

      • ...

    • infra：

      • preferences：管理应用本地配置。
      • routes：路由。
      • window：管理桌面端窗口。
      • ...

    UI组件与域（Domain）是多对多关系，这也是为什么turms-chat-demo不像很多应用把UI组件与业务域放置在同级目录的原因。

    IPC ​

    turms-chat-demo的IPC采用WebSocket协议与JSON-RPC 2.0传输格式实现，用于实现单例应用、自动更新、与第三方应用通信等功能。

    不用Unix Domain Socket的原因是：

    • Windows平台自身有关Unix Socket的Bugs非常多。

      如：

    • 减少不必要的开发与维护成本。由于MacOS与Windows都不支持Abstract Namespace功能，因此需要借助文件系统来实现：

      • Unix Socket Domain要求文件的路径长度字符不得超过108个字符（null-terminated string）。而我们为了保证程序的健壮性，自然需要做各种兜底处理，导致代码繁琐。
      • 如果出现turms-chat-demo没有被正常关闭的情况（如用户电脑死机），文件系统中的Unix Domain Socket并不会被自动删除，因此需要检测Unix Domain Socket对应的文件是否还有效，对于不同平台需要采用不同的实现。如对于Linux与MacOS平台，则在服务端Socket bind之前，先unlink这个文件。而对于Windows平台，则先创建一个临时文件，并在程序运行中，对其加锁，而如果Unix Domain Socket文件存在，且这个临时文件也有锁，则说明是有效Socket，否则无效。当然，这里说的只是大致实现思路，由于平台的实现细节不同，且Windows平台不同版本有的Bugs也不同，实际还需要进行大量测试与适配。
      • 至今（2024年3月），Dart SDK自身并不支持Windows平台的Unix Domain Socket，需要自行基于win32库实现Unix Socket Domain。

    • 拓展性差。具体原因见下文。

    采用WebSocket + JSON-RPC 2.0的原因是：

    • Dart官方提供了现成json_rpc_2 库，支持WebSocket + JSON-RPC 2.0，因此采用该方案对我们来说几乎没有维护成本。
    • turms-chat-demo自身虽然需要使用到IPC操作，但使用频率极低，因此无需像Turms服务端代码那样追求极致的性能。
    • 方便第三方应用基于WebSocket + JSON-RPC 2.0调用turms-chat-demo。
    • 互联网上有大量支持WebSocket协议与JSON格式的客户端工具，基于这些工具可以很方便地调试turms-chat-demo的IPC功能。

    文本编辑 ​

    文本编辑器的库生态 ​

    • appflowy_editor。appflowy_editor无疑是Flutter社区中，功能最全，质量最高的文本编辑器。但可惜它采用双开源协议，而其中一个就是AGPL。因此不考虑。

    • flutter_quill：如果撇开该依赖库Bugs极多的问题，该库基本满足turms-chat-demo主要的功能需求，但维护者的编程功底太差，代码是典型的面条式代码（Spaghetti code），总体水平尚未入门，因此没有对其进行功能拓展的意愿，不考虑采用该项目。

    • super_editor：该项目代码质量高，但很多文本编辑的基础功能都不支持（2024年3月），如：redo/undo、inline image。用它不如直接用Flutter自带的TextField。

    综上，考虑到没有可靠的开源文本编辑器可用，因此采用Flutter自带的TextField。

    聊天文本协议 ​

    关于是否要支持单条消息能够展示多个视频与图片 ​

    支持单条消息展示多个视频与图片，对UI设计与软件性能都不太友好。

    一方面，在UI上展示一条消息时，消息的尺寸必须是不变，否则如果随着消息加载状态的变化，如加载中，加载失败，消息的尺寸会发生变化，那对用户体验来说是非常糟糕的。因此为了保证消息的尺寸不会随着消息状态的改变而改变，需要在展示消息UI时，就已经确认消息的整体尺寸。

    而为了确认富文本消息的尺寸，要么在消息发送的过程中，由消息的发送方或服务端确认消息中所有图片与视频的缩略图的尺寸，并将这个尺寸记录下来，之后作为消息的一部分传给消息接收方，但这个方案的缺点就是实现不灵活，只要缩略图尺寸改变，那么之前的尺寸记录就都失效了。

    要么是要求只有当消息的接收方把一个消息中的所有图片与视频的缩略图都下载完成之后，再根据缩略图去确定消息的尺寸，最后做UI展示。但这个方案有两个比较大的缺点，一是消息接收方必须等到所有缩略图都下载完成了，客户端才能展示这条消息，因此消息的延迟会增加。二是，如果单条消息中的部分缩略图下载失败，则客户端无法获取到消息的完整尺寸，此时为了依旧展示消息，需要使用占位文本或占位图。而既然下载失败，那自然是要给用户提供重新下载缩略图的渠道，但重新下载之前下载失败的缩略图时，这条消息的整体尺寸会发现变化，进而导致整个消息列表的尺寸发生变化，这都不是优雅的UI设计。

    同时考虑到文本编辑器的库生态，以及自研文本编辑器的开发成本与工期考虑，因此暂不支持富文本。

    特别一提的是，可能读者见过一些初级工程师开发的聊天应用反而敢做各种复杂的UI展示。这是因为：初级工程师通常只会考虑自己这块业务的简单功能需求，尤其不知道有“非功能需求”这一概念的存在。而高级工程师会从产品需求、前端UI设计、后端架构设计、运维成本、当下系统架构与架构演变方向，甚至合规的角度去综合考虑需求。

    文本协议 ​

    提醒：turms-chat-demo的文本编辑框是WYSIWYG编辑器，因此不管应用的文本协议如何设计，对于用户来说都是无感知的。

    turms-chat-demo的传输文本协议设计参考了Markdown，其大体设计思路是：如果某个样式已经被标准Markdown定义过了，则复用Markdown的文本协议格式。如果某个样式没有被标准Markdown定义，则参考Markdown的设计思路，添加自定义的文本协议格式。

    而消息中的各种文件，如图像、音频、视频等，即对应着资源对应的URL。

    turms-chat-demo自身会根据资源URL的后缀，将其展示为对应UI组件。另外，turms-chat-demo不会判断资源的URL是否属于指定的服务端，因为我们的本意就是希望展示任意来源的资源。如果读者就是希望只解析来自某服务端的资源，将不是来自该服务端的资源展示为纯文本，则需要修改源码，根据资源的URL或者资源提供方的SSL证书来判断资源的来源。

    Emoji ​

    turms-chat-demo使用系统自带的Emoji字体，即：

    • 在Linux平台，采用Noto Color Emoji'字体。
    • 在苹果平台，采用Apple Color Emoji字体。
    • 在Windows平台，采用Segoe UI Emoji字体。

    采用这个方案的原因是：至今为止（2024年3月），整个互联网上没有一个高质量的、明确可免费商用的Emoji字体（提醒：Turms的所有项目，包括turms-chat-demo自身都是开源的，且商用免费的）。

    因此采用各个系统自带的Emoji字体来展示Emoji，以避免版权相关问题。其唯一的缺点就是：同一个的Emoji字符在不同平台的展示效果不太一样。

    Sticky ​

    基于目前全球范围内最流行的表情库GIPHY的开发者HTTP接口实现。

    缩略图 ​

    由于Turms目前没有专门的媒体服务端（Media Service），并且让服务端生成缩略图也需要大量的资源与成本。因此turms-chat-demo采用的是一个折中的方案，即：turms-chat-demo在上传消息的图片或视频时，会先向Turms服务端请求上传信息，Turms服务端会在响应中指导turms-chat-demo需要如何生成对应的缩略图，turms-chat-demo则根据指示去生成对应要求的缩略图，并将生成的缩略图与原始图片或视频都上传到对应的OSS服务。

    + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/client/turms-client-js.html b/docs/zh-CN/client/turms-client-js.html index f78be8eb..6af6a674 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/client/turms-client-js.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/client/turms-client-js.html @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ password: "123", deviceType: DeviceType.ANDROID }); - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/community/index.html b/docs/zh-CN/community/index.html index 06a387da..91eeaede 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/community/index.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/community/index.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    English

    Appearance

    社区 ​

    FAQ ​

    为什么Issues使用英文？ ​

    最根本的原因：Issues使用单语言书写，方便搜索。在Issues的使用过程中，最怕遇到使用多语言的开源项目，因为当要搜索一个问题时，比如“Turms服务端的黑名单机制是如何实现的”，对于中英文双语项目，我们通常需要搜索“黑名单”与“blocklist”这两个关键词，换言之，需要搜索至少两次才能保证能搜全相关的Issues，用户搜索体验极差。而如果Issues只有英文，那用户只需搜索“blocklist”关键词。

    次要原因：使用英文方便在全球开源与推广，而使用非英文语言就与我们开源的宗旨背道而驰了。

    另外，我们不排斥用户使用非英语语言提Issue，只是鼓励用户多用英文。但我们回复时一定是使用英文。

    为什么不建立QQ群、微信群、Slack频道或其他群？ ​

    使用各种群做Issues管理与讨论是一种非常糟糕的实践，Issues管理本来就应该优先使用GitHub的Issues板块。原因如下：

    Issues板块：

    • 可以针对一个问题进行集中讨论
    • 方便后来的用户对各种问题进行搜寻
    • 开发人员可以通过Issues做任务追踪
    • 用户可以通过Issues查看各种任务的进度，公开透明

    而各种群显然做不到上述功能。相反地，各种群是项目信息闭塞的表现，与开源的宗旨背道而驰。部分开源项目会故意靠阻塞信息流通，以赚取咨询费或服务费，但这就不是Turms的开源宗旨了。

    在实践过程中，群甚至是视频会议更多地用于开发人员内部进行快速讨论，尤其是早期草案的讨论，但最终的讨论结果与其中涉及到的关键问题其实还是会记录在Issue或文档上，以方便用户与开发人员明白一个问题的来龙去脉。

    可以提“新手问题”吗？ ​

    Turms项目中没有所谓的“新手问题”，只有“与Turms项目相关的问题”与“与Turms项目不相关的问题”。每个人在接触新领域时，都可能表现地“不是很专业”，我们作为新人更多地希望在这个领域的人多些善意，多些包容。同理地，只要是与Turms项目相关的问题，我们都会答复。并且在遇到“很基础的问题”时，我们通常想得不是“这个问题很糟糕”，而是“可不可以补充些文档，或优化下文档，给新用户多些引导”，因此用户不必担心提出所谓的“新手问题”。

    另外就是态度问题，只要大家互相尊重，那什么问题都可以讨论，而提问时展示尊重有一个很简单且实用的判断方法，就是根据“一个人在提问时，展示了ta在这个问题上花了多少的时间与精力”，而不可取的常见态度有：1. 自己不读文档、不先查Issues、也不肯思考，直接开问；2. 居高临下。

    当然，学习如何提问也是件很有意思的事情，具体可以参考：提问的智慧

    可以用类ChatGPT生成的回答来参与讨论吗？ ​

    ChatGPT是一个优秀的背诵者，但它对各种技术方案的分析都很天真。用ChatGPT直接参与问题的讨论只会体现出该人：对自己的发言缺乏思考，对项目缺乏负责的态度。因此我们是否回答这类回答，取决于对方去除ChatGPT回答之后的占比。

    这里提一下为什么这么关注“态度”的问题。其实有过工作经验的工程师应该都有过类似的体验：自己的工作需要依靠其他组的配合，尽管某件事情在技术上很简单的事情，但由于其他组成员的工作懒散与消极配合导致这件事情一直推不动，进而导致你自己的项目举步维艰。因此在需要团队配合的项目中，自己可控的技术问题通常是最容易解决的事情，而督促各方项目组配合，并在截止日期完成工作，才是最难与最费劲的事情。

    一些还没入行的工程师，会把技术当中工程师的第一生存要义，但其实负责任的态度才是在工作或社区中的第一生存要义（当然，其实一个人如果真得对项目认真负责的人，那ta的技术水平也不会差）。除了需要特定领域，对于大部分项目，大部分合格水平工程师展现出来的技术水平都大差不差，大家真正能体现出差异的，更对的是自己对一个项目是否认真负责的态度。

    因此为了表现出自己负责任的态度，请不要直接使用类ChatGPT生成的回答来参与讨论。

    如何判断是不是类ChatGPT回复 ​

    1. 由于GPT生成的文风过于明显，通常人工直接识别即可。
    2. 通过Hugging Face开源的Hello-SimpleAI/chatgpt-detector-roberta来在线识别。
    3. 即便随着GPT发展，展现出来的文风更多。但如今预训练语言模型繁荣，各种语料库也很多，因此基于迁移学习训练一个检测GPT回复的新模型，快得话只需要1天，慢的话也就2~3天。

    关于“上游优先” ​

    开发者直接与开源社区进行互动，并在源头上解决问题的办法，被称为上游优先。

    对于Turms而言，上游优先主要涉及两个方面：沟通与代码回馈。

    • 沟通：做特性或改Bug前，最好事先在GitHub开Issue。有些特性看起来好像很常见，也容易实现，但Turms目前却没有实现，那有可能这个“看起来”简单的特性通常会涉及很多细节，比如：

      • 这一个需求有其他相关需求或拓展需求吗？
      • 这一个需求可以这么实现，那这类相关特性都可以这么实现吗？是需要一个个单独实现，还有该代码实现是通用的，这一个模板可以实现几乎所有相关需求？
      • 不论是在单机与分布式场景都可以这么实现吗？
      • 换个业务视角或技术视角，还有更优秀的设计与实现吗？

      因此一个“看起来”简单的需求，其背后都可能涉及大量需求分析与技术分析，如果开发者在本地默默地就把一些特性给实现了，则在回馈代码时，还将面临上述一系列问题，而如果这时才发现实现中存在一些重大设计问题，那可能之前的一部分精力就浪费了（当然，还是有收获的，至少知道“当前这个方案还有优化空间”）。因此，开发者在面对复杂特性时，最好做好“设计可能被反复推翻”的心理准备。

      为了尽量避免这种情况，开发者在设计与实现可能复杂的特性时，最好事先开一个在Issue开一个新的讨论，以尽量减少设计被推翻的次数，节约开发者的时间与精力。

      注意：其实有时候就算前期设计完了，在实现的过程中又会发现更精妙的设计，越是复杂的功能，通常也伴随着更多的设计迭代。但是，这些“推翻/半推翻”级别的迭代最好在代码发布之前，就反复讨论与开发完成，而不是代码发布了才发现。

      额外补充：正是因为需求的复杂性，所以Turms很多“看起来”的Issues是处于“悬而未决”的状态。Turms GitHub Issues区中，有大量Open Issues，很多特性相关的Issues只是一个种子，需要开发者自行做更细致的需求分析、设计与编码，而其中最难的通常就是需求分析，需要弄清楚“到底要做什么”，开发者既要考虑现在的需求，也得考虑未来的需求，还得防止过度设计，这也是为什么Turms文档中好几次提到类似“IM业务功能的设计与实现其实远比技术中间件的设计与实现难得多的多”。

    • 降低自己的维护成本，方便持续性地合并上游更新。如果开发者Fork Turms项目做复杂的二次开发，那将面临一个长期维护的问题：如果开发者想要使用上游的新代码，就需要不断地在自己的分支上做适配，而上游Turms服务端更新得越快，开发者的适配工作量就越大。甚至还有可能出现逻辑上的冲突，但开发者没意识到。

      相反的，如果开发者将代码回馈给上游，那就不会出现这类问题。因为我们不仅会一起来维护这些被回馈的代码，而且在为Turms设计其他新的相关功能模块时，也会考虑这些新设计与这些被回馈的代码在设计上是否一致。

    • 减少维护冲突，避免反复推翻本地实现。可能开发者自己在本地添加了一些新特性或者修复了一些Bugs，但都没有回馈。过一段时间之后，开发者可能会发现上游比自己实现的功能考虑得更周全且完善，一些Bugs的修复更精妙（关于Turms服务端Bugs的难度介绍，读者可以阅读关于任务难度，最终开发者不得不把自己原来做的工作全Revert，然后再重新拉去上游搭配，重头做一遍适配。这其中的工作量想想就令人感觉痛苦，开发者在本地改得越多，冲突也就可能越多。

    关于想找Turms作者私聊与做定制化开发 ​

    如果读者的团队是想自己做二次开发，可以直接看文章关于二次开发。

    如果一些用户想付费找Turms作者做定制化开发，但Turms作者一般只接受为通用需求做无偿开发（是的，一般只接受免费帮社区做开发）。其中的原因很简单，Turms作者不缺钱，即便Turms项目持续每年亏损几万人民币，我们也都能保证Turms这项目持续运营下去，因为我们从始至终压根没打算盈利。所以要么只接受用户很高的报价，高到令人难以拒绝，要么就只接受为社区做免费的开发。

    因此除非您已经准备好要报一个很高的价格，否则不要尝试私聊Turms的作者帮您做定制化开发。如果您真得很想让Turms作者尽早排期完成您的需求，您可以把自己的需求描述清楚并发到Issues区，然后我们会根据需求的性价比，以及您对您自己所提需求的尊重，来进行排期。

    当然，如果您甚至愿意付Turms作者很高的定制费用，那我也建议您直接考虑用商业化方案，尽管ta们的开发水平、工作态度与工作责任心大概率不如Turms作者。当然，这主要取决于您决定采取哪个国家与公司提供的解决方案。

    相比于免费开发，定制开发的区别在于：

    • 会给出完整的、阶段性的工程排期，如设计、开发、测试、交付等。

    • 帮忙设计需求。读者可能会好奇，既然都定制了，为啥还需要Turms作者来设计需求。这其实就像是亨利福特说的“如果我问人们他们想要什么，他们会说更快的马”。用户要求的不一定是他们内心真正所需的，而时刻洞察用户真正的需求正是工程师所需的必备技能之一。

    • 定长的工作时长保证。在这段时间里，可以做仅限于项目相关的定制化设计、开发、测试、部署、解答各种疑问等。

      当然，以上的内容都是Turms作者在下班时间进行的。

    如果一些用户担心因为自己没付钱，而Turms作者就会故意拖慢自己想要特性的开发与发布进度，但这也不会发生，因为Turms作者不缺钱，也没打算靠做开源盈利，因此没有故意拖慢的动机。

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/design/architecture.html b/docs/zh-CN/design/architecture.html index ffcf51ed..00ec068f 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/design/architecture.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/design/architecture.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    English

    Appearance

    架构设计 ​

    架构特性 ​

    通用架构特性 ​

    1. （敏捷性）支持在用户无感知的情况下，对Turms服务端进行停机更新，为快速迭代提供可能
    2. （可伸缩性）无状态架构，Turms集群支持弹性扩展与异地多活的部署实现，用户可通过DNS就近接入
    3. （可部署性）支持容器化部署，方便与云服务对接，以实现全自动化部署与运维
    4. （可观测性）具备相对完善的可观测性体系设计，为业务统计与错误排查提供可能
    5. （可拓展性）能同时支持中大型即时通讯场景，即便用户体量由小变大也无需重构（当然，对于大型运用场景还有很多优化的工作需要做，但当前架构不影响后期的无痛升级）
    6. （安全性）提供限流防刷机制与用户/IP黑名单机制，以抵御大部分CC攻击
    7. （简单性）核心架构“轻量”，方便学习与二次开发（原因请查阅 Turms架构设计）
    8. Turms使用MongoDB分片架构，以支持请求路由（如读写分离），同时也支持跨地域多活部署与数据主主同步，为大规模跨国部署提供实际操作的可能

    架构说明 ​

    参考架构图

    与其他IM项目的架构区别 ​

    跟Turms服务端的代码实现一样，Turms的架构设计也是非常“抠门”的，能尽量不拆的服务就不拆，能尽量不引入的外部服务就不引入，具体体现在：

    • 在部分IM项目的架构设计中，它们会把turms-gateway的会话管理、中转消息缓存、消息发送三大块功能独立分成三个服务，来实现业务解耦与流量削峰。但其相比Turms的架构而言，多增加了两个故障点，增加了开发与运维难度，且需要使用RPC操作，吞吐量也更差。具体而言：

      在业务解耦方面，部分IM项目会通过中转消息缓存的消息队列来实现下游消费者异步消费消息来实现各种统计功能。但通过消费消息队列中的数据来实现消息的统计是很糟糕的设计，更全面、更专业与更简易的实现是分布式采集与分析业务日志（如基于AWS厂商的CloudWatch Logs => Kinesis Firehose => S3 => Athena/QuickSight方案），这点在可观察体系的日志小节有具体说明。而turms-gateway的会话管理与消息发送之间的逻辑并不复杂，解耦的意义不大，故没这方面需求。

      在流量削峰方面，如今早已是云服务的天下，弹性伸缩服务（Auto Scaling）相比消息队列（如Kafka、RocketMQ或其他云服务）更适合实现流量削峰。各云服务厂商均提供资源监控功能，而弹性伸缩服务能根据各种系统指标（如CPU/内存利用率）与自定义的其他指标（如在线用户数）自动弹性伸缩，在资源闲置的时候又能自动释放，更符合现代运维模式。以AWS云服务为例，运维人员可以使用CloudWatch监听上述的Turms服务端度量数据，并配合Application Auto Scaling做自动化的服务器资源扩缩容。如果运维人员熟悉这些操作，从零开始购买这些云服务到配置完成，大概只需3~10分钟。

      在高可用方面，部分IM架构会使用高可用（多可用区部署）的消息队列云服务与自研的消息发送服务来消费该队列，以保证通知不丢。但在Turms的架构设计中，就算Turms的消息推送服务端turms-gateway被强制关闭（如硬件故障，服务器直接宕机），Turms服务端集群也能自愈。并且因为在Turms的流程设计中，基于Turms客户端开发的应用本身每次在与Turms重连时（对应turmsClient.userService.addOnOnlineListener(...)这一回调函数）需要发送请求与新连接上的Turms服务端做数据同步，因此消息与状态也不会turms-gateway的宕机或是网络断开而丢失。

      一些IM项目之所以强行进行解耦，引入消息队列，甚至是在同时在线用户数只有或不足数十万的时候就引入消息队列，只是因为部分人员为了给自己的简历润色、提升自己的不可替代性，而徒增项目所需技术栈，对项目进行过度设计。

      一般只有基于Serverless架构，给中小型IM场景的云架构设计的时候，消息队列才能最大地发挥作用。依旧以上述场景与AWS为例，用户可以将通知发送给AWS SQS，保证消息服务的高可用，再基于Lambda函数做消息推送，保证通知不丢。在这样的架构设计中，用户没有自研的服务。

      另外，之所以说Serverless架构在IM场景中最多只适用于中小型IM场景是因为：

      • Lambda服务是有很多额度限制的，参考Lambda quotas。

      • 相比基于Serverless架构做开发，设计与实现自研的IM服务会简单与可控地非常多。盲目追求更“时尚”的Serverless架构，不一定进步，也可能是退步。

    • 在部分IM项目的架构设计中，它们会把会话管理再拆成网络连接管理与会话逻辑管理两个服务，来实现停机更新会话逻辑管理服务时，客户端不需要断开与网络连接管理服务的连接。但考虑到turms-gateway几乎没什么会话业务逻辑，既有的业务逻辑也很固定，主要的业务逻辑都是在turms-service里实现的，因此turms-gateway很少有停机更新业务逻辑的需要。综上，把将网络连接与会话逻辑拆分成两个独立服务对Turms而言还为时过早，既增加了故障点，性能折损也大，又没什么收益，故Turms架构暂不对会话管理再进行拆分。

    额外补充：

    • Turms服务端的代码实现也非常“抠门”的原因：开发基本规约
    • 其实Turms在早期设计中，考虑过连Redis这样的分布式内存服务也不用，而是采用另一种也很常见的分布式内存实现方案，即：采用类似于Hazelcast的分布式Map或Ignite的分布式Cache的设计实现，让Turms服务端之间自行通过分布式Map做分布式数据同步，从而减少对外部服务的依赖。但考虑到集群的高可用设计、Turms服务端自身的发布流程设计等等，因此最终还是引入了Redis服务来实现分布式内存。

    Turms架构与云架构的关系 ​

    由于目前（2022年）AWS仍是全球云计算市场份额排名第一的云厂商，因此下文主要基于AWS云进行讲解。

    • Turms的架构设计既要保证其技术方案不强制依赖任何云服务，以保持技术中立，避免技术栈与任何厂商绑定，让不上云的用户也可以轻松部署一整套Turms服务端（如基于Kubernetes），又要保证Turms所使用的技术方案都必须要有云厂商的支持，以此保证上云的用户可以通过各个厂商的云服务轻松部署一整套高可用的Turms服务端。

      对于Turms服务端的核心IM功能，该需求并不怎么影响Turms发布核心特性，因为上不上云这些功能都是一样的实现方式。

      但对于一些IM拓展功能，如文件存储与数据分析等功能，它们的实现就比较麻烦了，因为我们得把各种方案都考虑、设计与实现一遍。以业务数据分析为例，如果Turms绑定AWS厂商做架构设计，那业务数据分析功能实现起来就非常简单了，大体来说就是基于Turms服务端提供的业务日志，提供一套CloudFormation配置，其中根据不同用户的需求与配置，发布（最省事，但不省钱）CloudWatch Logs Insights、(基于S3省钱，但不实时）CloudWatch Logs => S3 => Ahtena/QuickSight、(基于S3省钱，且引入Kinesis Firehose保证数据实时推送）CloudWatch Logs => Kinesis Firehose => S3 => Athena/QuickSight或其他数据分析方案实现。但Turms又得满足不上云或者不想用其他第三方服务的用户需求，所以后期还得自研一套数据分析方案。因此工作量就会大的多，拓展功能的发布速度也就会慢得多。

      但是如上所述，如果用户有条件使用第三方服务对Turms提供的业务日志做专业地数据分析，也就不必等待Turms提供解决方案了。

    • Turms的云架构设计很简单。

      • Turms的云架构只是云架构的子集。相比中大型混合云的企业云架构设计（企业云架构设计不仅包括各个项目的部署架构设计，也包括组织架构设计、混合云网络架构设计等等），虽然Turms在开源界可以算是中大型项目了，但给这样体量的项目做云架构设计还是相当简单的，对云服务有基本了解的用户都应该能理解Turms的云架构设计。

      • Turms的云架构很常规。如果用户有部署过其他常规Web服务的云架构，部署Turms起来也差不多，尤其是Turms提供了多种部署方案，甚至还有基于的Terraform方案，来帮助用户自动购买与配置云服务的方案。

        Turms的云架构中相对麻烦的一点是：部分云厂商不直接支持MongoDB服务。比如AWS就不直接支持高版本的MongoDB服务，尽管AWS有提供兼容低版本MongoDB的DocumentDB服务，但由于MongoDB公司与AWS厂商的竞争关系，AWS目前也只能将DocumentDB兼容的最新MongoDB版本锁死在4.0版本号，且维护力度也比较低。总体而言，DocumentDB服务有些鸡肋且发展前景不好，更推荐直接用MongoDB Atlas服务。

        但因为MongoDB是AWS的合作伙伴，所以用户还是可以通过VPC Peering的方式轻松地将MongoDB Atlas企业级服务集成进AWS当中，部署起来。

    客户端访问服务端的一般流程 ​

    该流程为客户端访问服务端的一般流程，也是Turms架构实现水平扩展的过程，您可以根据实际情况进行调整。

    • 当客户端需要与turms-gateway服务端建立TCP连接时，客户端可以通过DNS服务来查询接入层服务端域名对应的IP地址，而该IP地址指向SLB/ELB服务（通常基于LVS与Nginx）、全球加速服务、或turms-gateway，具体如何搭配要根据您实际应用的需求与规模而定。该DNS服务端可以配置一个或多个公网IP地址（在生产环境中，切勿配置服务端自身的公网IP地址，以缓解DDoS攻击），并通过轮询或其他策略返回给客户端一个IP地址。补充：

      • 无论Turms客户端使用的是纯TCP连接，还是上层的WebSocket连接，turms-gateway的上游服务（DNS/SLB等）都应该根据客户端IP地址进行TCP连接的负载均衡。

      • 强烈建议您开启SLB服务的Sticky Session功能，让会话始终与一个turms-gateway服务端进行连接。这么做的好处是能缓解很大一部分DDoS攻击。因为turms-gateway提供客户端自动封禁机制，能够迅速在本地检测并封禁有异常行为的IP或用户，但turms-gateway服务端之间同步封禁客户端数据默认时间间隔约10~15秒，因此如果关闭了Sticky Session功能，黑客就能利用封禁数据同步间隔这段时间，切换与turms-gateway的TCP连接，进行DDoS攻击。

      • 通常情况下，您应该将SSL证书放在turms-gateway的上游服务端，即上游的SLB服务或Nginx服务端等。

      • 由于turms-gateway采用了无状态的架构设计，因此任意客户端可以连接到任意一个turms-gateway服务端上，您也可以弹性增删turms-gateway节点，以实现弹性水平拓展；状态（即用户会话信息）被转移到了分布式内存Redis服务端当中。

    • 客户端拿到IP地址，并与turms-gateway成功建立TCP连接之后，turms-gateway会检测该IP是否已被封禁，或者turms-gateway自身负载是否过大，如果是，则主动断开TCP连接。否则，放行TCP连接。

    • 如果turms-gateway放行TCP连接，

      • 对于使用纯TCP连接的Turms客户端，客户端可以开始发起TurmsRequest的Protobuf数据流。该数据流由ZigZag编码的正文长度头，与Protobuf编码的正文，这两部分组成。
      • 对于使用WebSocket连接的Turms客户端，客户端会在TCP连接建立成功后，向turms-gateway发起HTTP Upgrade请求，请求将HTTP Upgrade成WebSocket协议。如果升级成功，客户端就可以把Protobuf编码的TurmsRequest数据放在WebSocket Binary Frame的正文中，并发送给turms-gateway。

      注意：这时Turms客户端只是与turms-gateway建立的网络层连接，但用户尚未登陆，也并没有建立会话信息。

    • 该数据流经过负载均衡服务端（可选）的转发后，会先到达turms-gateway。turms-gateway会先对该数据流进行简单的Protobuf格式校验（不校验具体业务请求的合法性，是为了与turms-service服务端进行业务逻辑解耦，以实现turms-service服务端对业务请求格式进行更新后，turms-gateway不需要停机），如果是非法数据流，则直接断开TCP连接。

      否则，若为合法请求，则会对其进行部分解析，以确认turms-gateway能否自行处理这个请求。举例来说，对于登陆与登出这两个请求，turms-gateway就能自行处理。

    • 如果turms-gateway能够自行处理，则在处理后返回响应。如果无法处理，则再检测用户是否已在本服务端登陆，如果没有登陆，则拒绝执行请求，并发回响应。如果已登陆，则先根据负载均衡策略从可用的turms-service服务端列表中选出一个turms-service服务端，再通过自研的RPC框架将请求转发给该turms-service服务端，让其进行处理。

      • 如果turms-gateway检测到该客户端请求是登陆请求，则turms-gateway会根据用户ID与登陆请求中指定的设备类型构成一个会话ID，并根据Redis或本地缓存中的用户会话信息，判断该会话ID是否与已登陆会话冲突。如果发生冲突，则拒绝其进行上线操作，并发回响应，告知客户端被拒绝登陆的原因。否则，将当前用户会话信息注册到Redis，并发回登陆成功响应。此时，用户进入了在线状态。

        注意：

        • 一个会话ID（用户ID+设备）在同一时刻只会与一个turms-gateway服务端构成用户会话，与一个turms-gateway服务端构成TCP连接。用户后续的所有业务请求都是在这一个会话与TCP连接中完成的，直到会话关闭、用户下线。

        • 一个用户ID下的不同设备可以在同一时刻与不同的turms-gateway服务端构成用户会话，无论这些设备是否来自不同的IP。

          但推荐让一个用户ID下的所有设备始终与一个turms-gateway连接，因为：

          1. 如果登陆到同个turms-gateway，服务端在转发消息或通知给一个用户时，只需把其字节流发送给一个turms-gateway服务端，而不是多个，以减低系统资源开销、增加吞吐量；
          2. 在同个turms-gateway的同一用户的所有设备会共享会话的心跳时钟，因此可以减少turms-gateway发送给Redis的TTL心跳刷新的请求数；
          3. 如果服务端开启了用户状态缓存，在转发消息或通知时可能使用的是尚未更新的用户状态，因此新消息可能不会马上发送给新登陆的设备。

      • 如果turms-gateway无法处理该客户端请求，则通过RPC服务将客户端请求下发给turms-service。turms-service服务端在收到客户端请求后，会对请求进行校验与处理，并触发ClientRequestHandler插件以协助开发者实现自定义逻辑（如敏感词过滤），另外在处理过程中通常也会向mongos发送对应的CRUD请求。等客户端请求处理完毕后，turms-service会将产生的响应，发回给turms-gateway。对于处理过程中产生的通知，turms-service会先根据被通知用户的ID，向Redis或本地缓存查询该批用户所连接的turms-gateway的节点ID，并通过RPC服务将通知发送给这批turms-gateway，让其进行通知下推操作。

        补充：Turms采用MongoDB的分片副本架构。mongos收到CRUD请求后，会根据配置进行CRUD请求路由。

      • 无论turms-gateway接收到的是响应还是通知，turms-gateway都不会对其进行合法性校验，而是直接透传给用户。在通知下推过程中，turms-gateway会触发NotificationHandler插件方法以协助开发者实现自定义逻辑（如离线用户的消息推送）。

      （值得一提的是，Turms的所有网络IO操作都是基于Netty实现的，即以上所有RPC、数据库调用均是异步非阻塞的）

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/design/schema.html b/docs/zh-CN/design/schema.html index f35ac0bd..724b73b5 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/design/schema.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/design/schema.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

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    集合结构设计 ​

    需求分析与集合结构设计 ​

    在做架构设计的时候常说“关键需求决定架构设计，次要需求验证架构”（这里指的“需求”包括功能需求、质量属性需求与约束性需求）。但由于Turms作为一款通用即时通讯项目，其需求并不像具体的即时通讯项目那样明确与清晰。因此，面对无穷无尽的业务需求与各种可能的约束性条件，Turms不可能也不应该针对每种场景都做设计。因此，在做Turms设计时，我们尽可能得“以关键的普适即时通讯需求为主要需求”为准则来设计Turms的功能。

    而将各种纷繁复杂的需求抽象为实际的业务模型时，就需要搞清楚需求间的主次关系，并最终以集合结构的形式作为这些需求关系在技术架构落地时最为重要的体现。因此务必根据您产品自身需求对Turms默认提供的集合结构进行审阅与必要调整。

    默认的集合索引设计 ​

    要点（如果您的团队需要基于Turms做开发，请牢记以下三点）

    • 集合索引主要是针对分布式数据分片的特点与约束条件，并根据多查少写、以关键的普适即时通讯需求为主要需求而设计的
    • 集合索引不针对数据分析做设计（具体请查阅 Turms数据分析）
    • 集合索引不针对管理员接口做设计（避免不必要的索引开销，代价就是管理员接口的灵活性相对差）
    • Turms不采用辅助索引集合来满足拓展的业务功能（因此如果您的项目有拓展业务功能，您就需要基于Turms进行二次开发。当然，实现起来也很简单，合格的中高级工程师都应该有这样的能力）

    这里特别要强调的就是“以关键的普适即时通讯需求为主”，因为它提醒了集合的设计不仅需要开发人员注意，甚至还需要产品经理与甲方的注意。对于涉及到分布式数据分片的场景，一些看似“实现简单”的功能在实际落地时会带来大量的资源消耗并提高开发与运维的难度，因此针对这样“吃力不讨好”的功能，请务必多方确认该需求是否合理，是否必要，是否能承担相应的风险与成本。在确认是否需要实现、能否经过多次迭代后再实现等现实因素后，再考虑是否需要对集合做弹性设计，以方便后期更新，降低推翻重构的风险。

    这里以“查询某用户已加入的群组”功能为例。Turms中的GroupMember集合用于管理群组与用户的关系，该集合在设计上默认是对群组ID进行数据分片，因此若需要在分布式数据库服务端中根据群组ID查找群组相关信息，这对数据库而言是很轻松的事（targeted queries）。但反过来，如果不在创建一个新的辅助集合的前提下，那对于根据某用户ID查找该用户已加入的群组就是非常吃力的事情（scatter gather queries）。因为数据库无法根据用户ID定位相关群组的数据，因此会将该查询请求发送给所有数据库服务端，造成大量无效且冗余的请求，有效请求仅占很小的比例，最终导致分布式数据库架构的有效吞吐量甚至不如单机。

    并且随着用户规模的增加，最终要么因为错误判断主次需求而导致架构需要推翻重做，要么在现有基础上进行自定义拓展（如像ShardingSphere那样，自行实现一个辅助表来帮助做数据定位，但这样的实现很可能又会导致大量的冗余数据与事务操作）。因此务必深入理解Turms默认的集合索引设计，并牢记“默认索引设计主要是针对分布式数据分片的特点与约束条件，并根据多查少写、以关键的普适即时通讯需求为主要需求而设计的”。

    功能丰富的致命代价 ​

    在您深刻理解了Turms默认的集合索引设计后，您会发现为什么那么多的大中型即时通讯应用不提供、也不应该提供一些看似“实现简单”的功能，也会更加理解即时通讯在实际落地时需要注意到的点。另一方面，您也应该警惕那些以提供“业务功能丰富”口号的即时通讯技术方案，因为它们很可能只是适用于上百人或上千人的用户规模。若后期您的产品需要扩容，您会发现一些已有的表设计与数据分片设计背道而驰，很可能需要从schema设计层面开始重构，进而导致整个技术实现上的重构，到头来只能另起炉灶踏上自研之路，悔不当初。

    这里以“为了限制每位用户可创建的群组数量，需要服务端具有快速查找该用户所拥有的群组数量的能力”这个功能为例子进行讲解。这看似是一个很“简单”实现的功能。但由于上述所说的Turms默认索引设计原则，Turms默认只给Group群组的ID做数据分片，以实现群组成员快速查找群组信息。

    因此我们无法根据群组拥有者ID通过targeted query来快速查询其所拥有的群组数量。要想实现相对可行的方案大致只有以下三种方案（特别注意，以下三种方案您可以通过举一反三运用到其他拓展功能设计上）：

    • 为群组拥有者ID专门创建一个单列索引。虽然无法实现targeted query，但仍可在scatter gather query后通过索引相对快速查询。（注意：这类实现方案是Turms为拓展功能提供的默认实现，但这些实现在默认配置中均关闭）

    • 维度建模，创建辅助索引集合，用于专门记录群组拥有者ID与对应群组的ID。可以实现targeted query，但一些关键操作为保证数据的一致性需要使用分布式事务，并且仍有数据冗余。

    • 使用静态统计表专门记录每位用户已拥有的群组数量。该方案效率最高、冗余最小。但仍需要分布式事务，并且可拓展性最差。

    很明显，为了实现一个很“简单”的功能，我们的三个实现方案不仅对系统资源有着截然不同的要求，甚至连查询的时间复杂度也并非在一个级别上。

    因此要时刻警惕打着“业务功能丰富”口号的即时通讯解决方案。

    集合结构 ​

    Turms的集合结构中可能有您产品压根用不上的字段，但这些不被使用的字段并不会存储在数据库中，您无需担心它们会增加数据库开销。

    Turms的集合结构是如何设计出来的 ​

    Turms的集合结构并不是某一个commit或某几天就设计完成的，而是经过长时间的迭代分析与实践，最终整理出来的。步骤大体如下：

    1. 分析业务需求，把握业务之间错综复杂的逻辑并分清需求的主次关系，并且要求不仅能把现有的所有需求，也要尽可能预测未来需要的业务需求与比较确认不需要的业务需求
    2. 分析业务实现的具体代码逻辑，确定需要的字段
    3. 确定字段ID。特别一提的是，复合ID内部又可以独立建立索引。如GroupMember集合的复合ID是group ID + user ID，这两个字段自己又有独立的索引用来实现其他业务功能
    4. 建立索引。首先分别考虑各个字段是否确实需要索引、是否可以做成可选索引，然后再考虑某几个字段可不可以合并成复合索引（包括分析：记录的基数、复合索引的使用频率、查询条件是否能够始终遵循最左匹配原则、是否能够顺便避免回表查询）
    5. 判断集合是否需要做分片设计（Sharding），包括分析集合是否需要做数据冷热分离。如果需要做分片设计，那是否能够基于上述的索引“顺便”对数据进行分片

    集合详解 ​

    概要 ​

    下述内容只是基本的理论，如同我们在Turms的集合结构是如何设计出来的提到的，实际业务更为复杂多变，因此面对具体的集合索引设计，还需要结合其实际应用场景做分析与设计。

    数据分片 ​

    除了诸如管理员（Admin）、群组类型（GroupType）等小集合不需要做数据分片外，其他大部分集合都做了数据分片的支持，比如用户（User）、群组（Group）与消息（Message）等集合，以实现给mongos发送CRUD请求时，mongos能自行做负载均衡、平衡数据负载，同时也是为了支持冷热数据分离。

    记录创建时间索引 ​

    不少集合的复合索引都带上了记录创建时间字段，这是为了配合Turms的拉模式，以支持快速查询某时间区间的记录，并避免客户端重复查询。这也是为什么Turms客户端大部分查询语句都可以带上一个查询时间区间的参数，而如果客户端请求没带上这参数，那么Turms服务端就会默认赋予一个查询时间区间，以保证查询性能。

    ID只使用B-tree索引 ​

    我们禁止给记录的ID用Hashed索引，这是因为MongoDB不支持通过Hashed索引保证唯一性约束，只能通过B-tree索引保证记录的唯一性，因此就算我们给记录的ID加上了一个Hashed索引，MongoDB也会自动再额外创建一个B-tree索引，得不偿失。

    可选字段与索引 ​

    Turms集合中有几十个可选但默认不开启的索引，这是因为：

    • 虽然很多IM业务需求都很典型，但却是彼此冲突的，比如需要支持消息或请求发送人能查询他自己发送的消息或请求与消息或请求发送人不能查询他自己发送的消息或请求（默认实现）。
    • 又或者一些IM业务需求虽然典型，但并不是那么常见，比如入群请求的处理者是否能查询他处理过的请求。用于支持该类拓展IM功能的可选索引占大头。
    • 如果默认开启这些可选索引，那就是往小型IM应用做设计了，对于大点的IM应用而言，那就是犯了我们上面说的“功能丰富的致命代价”的错误。

    而我们选择默认实现方案的原则是：选择不需要额外加字段或索引、存储成本最低且能跟其他IM业务需求保持逻辑一致的方案。而如果您的应用确实需要支持另一个方案，我们一般也提供多套备选方案，需要用户自行配置以替换默认实现。

    您只要把握住这个基本原则，就能反推Turms集合各索引为什么那么设计了。另外，在代码中各模型、各字段其实也都有索引相关的注释，用来指导用户：什么字段，在什么场景下适合有索引，为什么一些字段不使用索引。用户可以参考该注释做设计。

    注意：极个别可选索引是默认开启的，因为这些索引对应的场景非常通用，只有极少应用不需要使用这些场景。另外，Turms目前尚未对未开启这些可选索引的场景做优化，因此目前建议您不要手动关闭它们。

    补充：

    • 这些可选索引可以通过配置turms.service.mongo.[服务名].optional-index.[集合名].[字段名]=true开启，如turms.service.mongo.message.optional-index.message.sender-id=true。

      提醒：IntelliJ IDEA支持配置自动补全

    • 用户也能自行直接向MongoDB服务建立自己想用的索引，并且MongoDB增删索引或字段非常简单，因此就算用户配漏了，或者前期需求不清晰，后期有新需求来了，也无需担心没法加新索引或字段。

      额外补充：MongoDB每个版本都会发布一些非常实用的新特性，可能早期一些我们需要完全自研的复杂功能，但在MongoDB的新版本中只需要执行一条命令就能实现了，极大地降低开发与运维难度，并提升功能的可靠性，因此非常推荐您尽可能部署新版本MongoDB。

    默认不给请求模型的请求发送者字段加索引 ​

    诸如好友请求、入群请求这两个集合默认是不给请求发送者加索引的。换言之，一旦用户发送完请求，他就无法再查询他已经发送过的请求了，需要客户端本地自行记录。如果您产品确实需要服务端记录并查询用户发送过的请求，则需要自行配置上述的可选索引，让turms-service在初次建表时，添加该索引，或者您也能自行直接在MongoDB服务端中向集合建立索引。

    消息（Message） ​

    消息是目前唯一支持冷热数据分离存储的模型。而冷热数据分离能极大地节省数据库服务器成本，比如将热数据放到16核128G服务器中，把冷数据放到4核8G服务器中。另外，其他模型目前均没有冷热数据分离存储的意义，因此其他模型不支持。

    索引 ​

    • 业务场景：是否需要支持消息发送人能够查询他自己发送的消息

      • 方案一（默认方案）：不支持该特性，使用消息发送时间 + 收信人ID复合索引

        由于消息需要支持冷热数据分离，因此消息的复合索引是：消息发送时间 + 收信人ID，并且分片键是消息发送时间，以保证之后我们能把不同时间区间的Zones分配给不同的Shards，并实现消息的冷热分离存储。

        （如果消息不需要支持冷热数据分离，那Turms的消息模型的复合索引应该是：收信人ID + 消息发送时间，并且分片键是收信人ID，以保证MongoDB既能对读写请求都做负载均衡，又能保证发给同一个收信人的消息都尽量分在相同的Chunks中，以提升查询速度）

        补充：至于为什么没给添加好友请求与群组邀请请求等集合做冷热数据分离，这是因为虽然这些请求在业务表现上确实与创建时间紧密相关，比如添加好友请求过了一段时间后，在业务上看就是请求已过期，不可处理状态了。但是，对于请求的接收人而言，就算是过期的请求，用户也经常需要通过查询语句快速查询其接收过的所有请求，其访问次数并不会随着时间而递减。举例来说，比如一个用户今年接收到了20个好友请求，去年接收到20个好友请求，客户端每次查询至多50个请求，那数据库就更应该以收信人ID为维度，把相同请求接收者的数据都分在一个Chunk里。而不是根据请求创建时间，把相同请求接收者的数据分到不同的Chunks，并负载到不同的数据库中。因此，我们不对这些集合做冷热数据分离支持。而对于这类集合，我们一般采用请求接收者ID + 请求创建时间这样的复合索引，并以请求接收者ID为分片键，尽可能将一个请求接受者收到的所有请求都放在相同的Chunk中。

      • 方案二：支持该特性，使用消息发送时间 + 会话ID复合索引

        如果您的产品需要这套方案，那您只需在turms-service服务端初次启动时，配置turms.service.message.use-conversation-id=true。只是特别注意：如果您已经采用了方案一的方式在数据库中建好了表并创建了消息记录，则Turms服务端目前并不会创建消息发送时间 + 会话ID复合索引，也不会刷一遍消息数据，给消息填充会话ID。

        补充知识：私聊会话ID是16字节长的字节数组，其值由消息发送者ID、消息接收者组成。群聊会话ID是一个8字节长的字节数组，其值由群ID组成。

      • 方案三：支持该特性，但通常不推荐，Turms也不提供支持。该方案是：在消息发送时间 + 收信者ID复合索引的方案下，给发送者ID开启可选索引。

        之所以不推荐这方案是因为：用户查询一个会话内的消息是极为常见的场景，而这个方案在查询一个会话的消息时，需要查询两次：一次是查询对方发送的消息，一次是查询自己发送的消息，如此低效，因此Turms不提供支持。

    • 消息删除时间B-tree索引。如果您的产品需要支持逻辑删除，则在“删除”消息时，turms-service会填充该字段的值，否则该字段是不会被用到的。

    TODO

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/design/status-aware.html b/docs/zh-CN/design/status-aware.html index a058cc9a..bfb5733d 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/design/status-aware.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/design/status-aware.html @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ // not } });

    另外：

    关于消息的可达性、有序性与重复性 ​

    架构设计永远是平衡的艺术，盲目承诺消息100%必达只是一种销售的说辞。好比大部分互联网应用在分布式事务的技术实现上，只会采用性能更好的弱分布式事务，而非虽然更可靠但性能低下的强分布式事务。是否需要实现100%的消息必达还是需要根据业务场景而定。如在直播聊天室场景，不仅不要求消息必达，甚至还会要求服务端要能根据负载情况与消息优先级，主动丢弃用户消息，或者只将消息发送给一部分用户。

    直播场景也可能不强制要求消息有序性，而是要求“怎样消息吞吐量大，怎样设计。尽量保证消息的有序性，但不提供额外辅助资源进行支持”。一些设计IM应用也可以“为了取得高吞吐量与高可达性间的平衡，对免费群采用非消息必达机制，对VIP群采用消息必达机制”。实际应用的需求永远是五花八门的。

    因此再次强调：做功能设计时，要分清主次需求，尽可能在质量属性之间取得平衡。切忌脱离业务场景，闭门造车。

    总结 ​

    由于下文各种消息特性的具体实现对比相对复杂，该总结部分为您快速归纳最终方案。

    在大原则上Turms在设计时遵循能客户端自己实现的，Turms服务端就不实现，以实现最大的吞吐量也灵活业务实现。如果特性必须由服务端实现，且对吞吐量影响不大，则默认开启，否则默认关闭，具体而言：

    另外，下文会把一个业界常见但却通常非常失败的设计方案，即采用需要服务端参与的消息确认机制方案作为反面案例进行讲解。它用最高的成本实现了最差的“可达性”与“重复性”的效果，并且性能与拓展性也都极差。（TODO：尚未更新该部分文档）

    消息确认机制（Acknowledge） ​

    值得注意的是：

    1. Turms的消息确认机制并不需要Turms服务端的参与
    2. 消息确认机制与业务层面“消息已读”功能是完全独立的，二者没有关联关系。
    需要服务端参与的Ack机制不需要服务端参与的Ack机制
    介绍部分即时通讯架构设计中，会要求客户端在接受到消息后，间隔一定时间（如5秒、10秒等），向服务端发送消息确认请求（而不是一接受到消息就确认。一是为了提高确认处理效率，二是减少因网络延迟问题丢消息的概率）。
    服务端记录每个会话最新的确认时间，以实现用户在对所有会话进行消息拉取时（如用户上线时），可以通过一个简单的请求去拉取确认时间至今的所有消息。    		客户端本地存储每个会话的最后确认时间，客户端如果想获得任意其所属的会话消息，则向服务端发送对应的会话ID与确认时间，服务端会返回确认时间至今的所有消息。
    优点1. 客户端实现简单，无需在本地存储会话信息1. 客户端可以自定义消息拉取范围。业务适用面更广，可以很轻松支持多端消息同步功能
    2. 服务端不需要先查一次所有会话的确认时间，再根据Ack时间拉取消息，性能更优
    3. 不需要客户端定时发送确认请求给服务端，能够完全省去大量确认操作带来的性能开销
    缺点1. 服务端需要先查一次所有会话的确认时间，再根据确认时间拉取消息，性能相对差
    2. 对于受到的每一条消息，客户端都需要向服务端发送确认请求，然后服务端更新对应的消息状态，性能低下    		1. 客户端发请求时，需要携带所有欲请求消息的会话ID与其对应的确认时间，请求体相对较大（但也对应了上述②的优点）
    2. 需要开发者自行实现客户端本地数据库（如：Realm数据库。Turms未来可能会以拓展形式，帮助开发者实现本地存储功能）

    关于消息的可达性 ​

    架构设计永远是平衡的艺术，盲目承诺消息100%必达只是一种销售的说辞。好比大部分互联网应用在分布式事务的技术实现上，只会采用性能更好的弱分布式事务，而非虽然更可靠但性能低下的强分布式事务。是否需要实现100%的消息必达还是根据业务场景而定（如在直播聊天室场景，不仅不要求消息必达，甚至还会要求服务端能主动根据负载情况，抛弃用户消息）。

    实现消息100%必达的方案也比较简单，可以通过Redis实现一个会话级别的自增ID生成服务器，保证消息ID在一个会话内递增。客户端能通过ID的递增性自行判断是否有消息丢失，如果发现消息丢失，则发请求向服务端拿取指定消息即可。

    Turms会同时支持上述的会话级消息自增ID实现来保证消息100%必达（TODO），同时也提供基于Snowflake算法的全局自增ID实现来提供最佳的吞吐量（代价就是消息不能保证100%必达）。

    关于未读消息数的实现 ​

    业务需求 ​

    方案 ​

    不支持离线消息推送时携带未读消息数（默认实现）支持离线消息推送时携带未读消息数（TODO）
    实现客户端在接收消息与拉消息时，自行发送请求让服务端实时计算“未读消息数”。
    在这个方案中，Turms服务端其实并没有未读消息数这个概念，服务端只是根据客户端请求去计算某个消息发送时间区间内的消息数    		使用Redis，支持离线消息推送时携带未读消息数：携带会话未读消息数与总消息未读数；只携带总未读消息数
    大致实现是：服务端接收到消息时，将对应的收信人在Redis的未读消息数记录加1，总数也加1
    用户读取消息时，或用户或群组被删除时，则在Redis记录中做相反的减操作
    （注意：总未读消息数必须由服务端计算）
    优点1. 实现简单且可以灵活地支持各种业务需求，无需专门引入Redis服务端
    2. 发送消息时，无需向Redis发送请求去计算消息未读数，写吞吐量更高    		1. 支持离线消息推送时携带未读消息数
    2. 读取未读消息时，不需要实时计算，读吞吐量更高
    缺点1. 不支持离线消息推送时携带未读消息数
    2. 客户端读取未读消息数时，需要实时计算，读吞吐量更低（补充：有索引支持）    		1. 需要引入Redis服务端，增加运维成本与难度
    2. 服务端每次接收到新消息，都需要Redis发送请求去计算消息未读数，写吞吐量更低
    与未读消息的关系未读消息与未读消息数都是以端为维度，由客户端自行通过上述的客户端向服务发送本地消息最后确认时间，来获取这个时间点之后的“未读”消息与“未读”消息数。
    因此不同端得到的未读消息与未读消息数可能是不一致的    		未读消息仍是以端为维度，但未读消息数则以用户为维度。如果消息A在桌面端被“读”了，那手机端仍可以认为其“未读”，但推送给该用户所有客户端的未读消息数都统一减了1
    因此不同端得到的未读消息可能是不一致的，但未读消息数是一致的
    补充如上文所述，该方案其实也能“强行”支持离线消息推送时携带未读消息数。
    但因为这方案并不是为频繁读取未读消息数而设计的，因此如果每次推送消息时，都让服务端自行实时计算未读消息数，其性能明显是不可取的，因此实践上是不支持的    		上述方案各有优劣，具体用哪个方案，取决于具体应用的业务需求。不需要支持离线消息推送时携带未读消息数，则采用左侧的方案，需要支持则采用右侧的方案。
    如果客户在这两个方案基础上，还有额外需求，则需要自行做二次开发
    TODO：该实现将在近期支持

    具体实现 ​

    TODO

    关于离线推送的实现 ​

    对于在线用户，开发者可以通过notification属性来配置是否让服务端主动推送消息给在线用户（默认为true）。对于离线用户，离线推送的实现通常需要借助手机运营商提供的推送SDK，通过其通道进行离线推送。

    但由于Turms本身不接入任何运营商，也没计划接入，因此您需要通过NotificationHandler插件来实现自定义的离线推送逻辑。该Handler提供一个handle函数，并接受消息信息、在线用户ID、离线用户ID与可选的未读消息数这四个参数，您可以自行通过该函数调用厂商提供的推送SDK，来实现离线推送逻辑。

    消息批量拉取 ​

    TODO：暂不支持。由于消息拉取是由客户端自行控制的，因此该功能可以很容易地高效且灵活实现，我们会在正式发布之前提供支持。

    特大群 ​

    特大群的实现其实并不难，只是它的业务需求与场景跟一般社交应用的很不一样，所以要有一套专门的策略来支持特大群。

    策略（TODO）

    1. 消息按照优先级发送
    2. 智能限制消息峰值，主动根据服务端状况与消息优先级丢消息
    3. 分桶（分小群）发消息
    4. 通常不需要消息漫游功能
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    Turms Documentation

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    English

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    群组相关功能 ​

    群成员类型包括：群主、管理员、普通成员、游客、匿名游客

    相关路径与模型 ​

    • 管理员API路径：/groups。具体API细节请参考OpenAPI文档
    • 客户端接口：请查阅GroupServiceController类。
    • 底层请求模型：请查阅https://github.com/turms-im/proto/tree/master/request/group目录下的接口描述文件
    • 配置类：im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.service.business.group.GroupProperties

    功能列表 ​

    功能
    		描述相关配置属性名
    新建群组新建群组turms.service.group.activate-group-when-created
    群主解散群群主可以解散群turms.service.group.delete-group-logically-by-default
    主动退群除群主外，其他用户均可以主动退群。群主需先将群转让给其他群成员才可以进行退群操作
    群主转让群群主可以将群的拥有者权限转给群内的其他成员，转移后， 被转让者变为新的群主，原群主变为普通成员。群主还可以选择在转让的同时，直接退出该群
    修改群组资料支持群组名，群组头像，群组介绍，群组通知，群组类型等字段
    群组禁言群组普通成员在禁言时段无法发送消息，仅有群主与管理员能发送消息
    获取群组信息根据过滤条件（如群组ID），查找群组
    增加群组成员增加群组成员
    发送入群邀请拥有邀请权限角色的群组成员可向指定用户发送入群邀请turms.service.group.invitation.content-limit
    turms.service.group.invitation.expire-after-seconds
    turms.service.group.invitation.expired-invitations-cleanup-cron
    turms.service.group.invitation.delete-expired-invitations-when-cron-triggered
    撤销入群邀请群主、管理员与入群邀请发起者可撤销入群邀请turms.service.group.invitation.allow-recall-pending-invitation-by-owner-and-manager
    发送入群请求turms.service.group.join-request.content-limit
    turms.service.group.join-request.expire-after-seconds
    turms.service.group.join-request.expired-join-requests-cleanup-cron
    turms.service.group.join-request.delete-expired-join-requests-when-cron-triggered
    撤销入群请求turms.service.group.join-request.allow-recall-join-request-sent-by-oneself
    设置入群问题对于入群策略为“入群请求者回答问题正确后加入”的群组，群主与管理员可以设置入群问题。入群问题可以有多个，一个问题可以多个答案turms.service.group.question.answer-content-limit
    turms.service.group.question.max-answer-count
    turms.service.group.question.question-content-limit
    删除入群问题删除入群问题
    移除群组成员群主和管理员可以移除群组成员，且管理员不能移除群主和其他管理员
    更新群组成员信息根据对应的“群组类型”，指定角色的群组成员可以修改其他群组成员的成员信息（如：群主为群组成员赋予管理员角色）
    群组成员禁言禁言用户可以在群组内，但无法发送消息
    群组成员坐标实时共享群组成员可以将自己的坐标实时地分享给其他群组成员
    群组黑名单用户被拉黑后，将无法再进入群组。如果被拉黑用户在被拉黑之前是当前群组成员，则在拉黑后该用户会自动在群组成员列表中移除

    群组类型配置 ​

    在群组配置方面，Turms使用了“群组类型”这一概念。默认情况下，Turms提供了一种通用的群组类型，同时您也可以通过对“群组类型”做增删改查操作，以满足您定制化的群组类型需求。

    对应的管理员API路径：/groups/types。具体API细节请查阅OpenAPI文档 对应的配置模型：im.turms.service.domain.group.po.GroupType

    配置列表 ​

    属性描述配置属性名
    群成员上限人数有效值为1~∞groupSizeLimit
    邀请入群策略支持配置：
    ①仅群主可邀请：OWNER、OWNER_REQUIRING_APPROVAL；
    ②群主+管理员可邀请：OWNER_MANAGER、OWNER_MANAGER_REQUIRING_APPROVAL；
    ③群主+管理员与群成员可邀请：OWNER_MANAGER_MEMBER、OWNER_MANAGER_MEMBER_REQUIRING_APPROVAL；
    ④所有人可邀请：ALL、ALL_REQUIRING_APPROVAL    		invitationStrategy
    被邀请人同意模式支持配置：
    ①需要被邀请人同意：邀请者给被邀请者发送邀请。如果被邀请者同意邀请，则自动加入群：带_REQUIRING_APPROVAL的策略；
    ②不需要被邀请人同意：邀请者禁止给被邀请者发送邀请。邀请者可以直接把被邀请者加入群中：不带_REQUIRING_APPROVAL的策略    		invitationStrategy
    入群策略支持配置：
    ①在群主或管理员批准入群请求后，入群请求者方可加入：JOIN_REQUEST；
    ②入群请求者回答问题正确后，自动加入：QUESTION；
    ③允许未被拉黑的用户主动加入：MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST；
    ④不允许任何用户主动加入，需要群主或管理员发送邀请或直接拉入群中：INVITATION    		joinStrategy
    群信息更新策略支持配置：
    ①仅群主可修改；
    ②群主+管理员可修改；
    ③群主+管理员+群成员可修改；
    ④所有人可修改    		groupInfoUpdateStrategy
    群成员信息更新策略群主可以修改所有人的在群组内的成员信息，管理员只能修改群组中普通成员的成员信息memberInfoUpdateStrategy
    游客发言可禁止、可允许guestSpeakable
    群成员修改自身信息可禁止、可允许selfInfoUpdatable
    群消息已读回执可开启、可关闭enableReadReceipt
    修改已发送消息可开启、可关闭messageEditable

    提醒：

    • 上述的“邀请入群策略”、“被邀请人同意模式”与“入群策略”之间没有互斥关系，都是彼此兼容的，因此开发者可以根据自身的应用场景，对其进行搭配。

    • 如果管理员修改了一个群组类型的邀请策略或入群策略，进而导致群组所对应的策略发生变化，那么原本对应旧策略的数据会被封存，而不会被系统删除，但原本就有权限的用户仍然可以删除、修改与查询这些数据。

      举例而言，一个群原本是基于“审批入群请求”策略让新用户入群的，并且该群已经接收到了一些入群请求，如果此时系统管理员（注意：用户是没权限修改群组类型的）将群组策略修改为“基于问答”策略让新用户入群，那么之前收到的入群请求并不会被系统删除。当群管理员试图批准这些入群请求，服务端也会告知群策略以发生变化，并拒绝批准。但是群管理员仍然可以删除、修改与查询这些入群请求。

      额外一提，可能部分用户会觉得Turms的群组策略比较复杂，但这种“复杂”跟用户没什么关系，用户只需要按照自己的应用场景做配置即可，使用起来非常简单，只是Turms的开发者实现这些动态的组合策略比较复杂。

    • 咱无计划支持“用户拉黑群组，以拒绝接收入群邀请与被拉入群中”特性。

    场景介绍 ​

    用户加入一个群 ​

    1. 客户端通过turmsClient.groupService.queryGroups(...)查询指定群的群信息。

    2. 基于本地硬编码的群类型ID与群类型信息的关系，获得群类型信息。

      补充：

      • 这里不支持客户端动态查询群组类型信息是因为大部分应用的群组类型很固定，没有动态拉取信息的必要。
      • 如果您的应用本来就只使用一种群类型，那直接在客户端硬编码群类型信息就可以了，直接跳过①②两个步骤，直接进入下一个步骤。

    3. 根据群类型信息中的入群策略，判断需要调用哪个客户端API加群：

      • 如果是JOIN_REQUEST策略，则需要调用turmsClient.groupService.createJoinRequest(...)来发送入群请求，并等待群管理员审批。
      • 如果是QUESTION策略，则需要调用turmsClient.groupService.queryGroupJoinQuestions(...)查询群问题，再通过turmsClient.groupService.answerGroupQuestions(...)来回答群问题，当分值达到群管理员设置的入群分值门槛后，即可自动加入群中。
      • 如果是MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST策略，则调用turmsClient.groupService.joinGroup(...)即可直接加入群中，不需要任何审批。
      • 如果是INVITATION策略，则需要等待群管理员给当前用户发送入群邀请。
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    Turms Documentation

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    业务功能介绍 ​

    1. 在业务功能列表处，有部分功能标注了“✍”图标，该图标用于表明：是否执行该业务功能点的判定逻辑，需要您结合自身业务应用场景，自行判断并调用相关API。因为Turms自身无法判定当前上下文是否满足触发该功能点的条件。
    2. 此功能列表参考了：网易云信、环信、融云、LeanCloud、腾讯云通讯等商用即时通信服务。Turms提供了几乎所有这些商业服务所提供的业务功能，并在很多方面更上一层楼。
    3. Turms的功能配置参数极其自由，您甚至可以配置一个群组上限成员数量为10,000，单个消息上限100MB，关闭大部分业务功能等等的配置，拓展将消息转发给所有的用户等等的功能，Turms服务端不会干涉您满足任何的业务场景。 Turms只是为您提供了最通用且合理的默认配置，如默认一个群的上限人数为500，单个消息最大可为1MB等等。
    4. 如果您未在此列表中找到您所需要的功能，请先检查是否您的需求仅需配置Turms参数即可实现。确认无法通过Turms配置参数实现后，请再在Issue区域提出。Turms会根据“性价比”进行评估，并尽可能满足您的需求。
    5. Turms的版本号设计并不完全遵循 Semantic Versioning，Turms的大版本号主要由关键功能的引入而推动。在涉及Breaking Changes的部分会单独提出。

    注意

    • 对于一些功能点，Turms服务端或是客户端本身并不直接提供一些业务功能点。以“阅后即焚”功能为例，Turms实际做的事情仅仅是在消息的基础上，多传递了一个burnAfter的参数，阅后怎么“焚”，什么时间点“焚”，要不要用户的本地数据库里的消息也给“焚”了等等业务实现细节都是上层应用实现者要考虑的事情，Turms不予干预。
    • 做功能设计时，要牢记国家的相关法律法规，避免设计出与国家管理要求相悖的设计。如《互联网交互式服务安全管理要求 第4部分：即时通信服务》
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    Turms Documentation

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    English

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    消息相关功能 ​

    相关路径与模型 ​

    • 管理员API路径：/messages。具体API细节请参考OpenAPI文档
    • 客户端接口：请查阅MessageServiceController类
    • 底层请求模型：请查阅https://github.com/turms-im/proto/tree/master/request/message目录下的接口描述文件
    • 配置类：im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.service.business.message.MessageProperties

    功能列表 ​

    消息功能
    		功能描述相关配置
    离线消息实现思路：您可以在Turms客户端每次登陆时，都<主动>向Turms服务端请求关于<该用户在离线状态时，收到的所有私聊与群聊各自具体的离线消息数量，以及各自具体的最后N条消息（默认为1条）>的数据，以此同时兼顾消息的实时性与服务的性能。 默认情况下，Turms服务端<不会>定时删除寄存在Turms服务端的任何离线消息turms.service.message.default-available-messages-number-with-total
    漫游消息✍在新设备登录时，由开发者自行调用Turms客户端的消息查询接口，指定数量与时段等条件，向Turms服务端请求漫游消息。
    漫游消息的实现本质与“历史消息”的实现一样
    （✍原因：Turms无法自行判断什么是“新设备登陆”）
    多端同步当一名用户有多客户端同时在线时，Turms服务端会将消息下发给该用户所有在线的客户端
    历史消息支持查询用户的历史消息。默认Turms永久存储消息（包括用户消息或系统消息）
    历史消息的实现本质与“漫游消息”的实现一样    		turms.service.message.message-retention-period-hours
    turms.service.message.expired-messages-cleanup-cron
    发送消息turms.service.message.time-type
    turms.service.message.persist-message
    turms.service.message.persist-record
    turms.service.message.persist-pre-message-id
    turms.service.message.persist-sender-ip
    turms.service.message.check-if-target-active-and-not-deleted
    turms.service.message.max-text-limit
    turms.service.message.max-records-size-bytes
    turms.service.message.allow-send-messages-to-oneself
    turms.service.message.allow-send-messages-to-stranger
    turms.service.message.delete-message-logically-by-default
    turms.service.message.send-message-to-other-sender-online-devices
    turms.service.message.use-conversation-id
    turms.service.message.sequence-id.use-sequence-id-for-group-conversation
    turms.service.message.sequence-id.use-sequence-id-for-private-conversation
    消息撤回撤回投递成功的消息，默认允许发信人撤回距投递成功时间 5 分钟内的消息turms.service.message.allow-recall-message
    turms.service.message.available-recall-duration-seconds
    消息编辑编辑已发送成功的消息turms.service.message.allow-edit-message-by-sender
    阅后即焚收信人接收到发信人的消息后，收信人客户端会根据发信人预先设定（或默认）的时间按时自动销毁
    已读回执✍通知私聊对象或群组成员中，当前用户已读某条消息
    查看私聊、群组会话中对方的已读/未读状态
    （✍原因：Turms无法得知您的用户在什么情况下算是“已读某条消息”。开发者需要自行调用turmsClient.messageService.readMessage()来告知对方，当前用户已读某条消息）    		turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.enabled
    allow-move-read-date-forward
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.update-read-date-after-message-sent
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.update-read-date-when-user-querying-message
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.use-server-time
    消息转发将消息转发给其他用户或群组
    @某人用于特别提醒某用户。如果Turms客户端检测到已接收的消息中被@的用户为当前登陆中的用户，Turms客户端则会触发@回调函数。开发者可自行实现后续相关业务逻辑。常用于给被@的用户提醒通知。
    群内 @ 消息与普通消息没有本质区别，仅是在被 @ 的人在收到消息时，需要做特殊处理（触发回调函数）
    正在输入✍当通信中的一方正在键入文本时，告知收信人（一名或多名用户），该用户正在输入消息
    （✍原因：Turms无法得知您的用户是否正在键入文本）    		turms.service.conversation.typing-status.enabled

    查询会话消息时的注意事项 ​

    默认配置下，Turms不支持“在私聊会话中，消息发送者能够查询他自己发送的消息”（具体原因：消息索引设计。注意：在群聊会话中，消息发送者始终能够查询他自己发送的消息），开发者可以通过在turms-service服务端的配置文件中配置turms.service.message.use-conversation-id=true来启用会话ID。

    之后turmsClient.messageService.queryMessages({areGroupMessages: false, fromIds: [10,11,12]})的语义会由原来的“查询私聊会话中，由用户ID为11、12与13的用户发给当前用户的消息”变为“查询私聊会话中，由用户ID为11、12与13的用户发给当前用户的消息，与当前用户发送给用户ID为11、12与13的用户的消息”。

    业务消息类型 ​

    从开发者角度看，Turms客户端在发送消息时内部有且仅使用一种数据模型，即CreateMessageRequest。由于它带有string与List<byte[]>类型的字段，因此您实际上能在发送消息时传递任何形式的数据。只是Turms为方便开发者快速实现各种业务消息类型，Turms客户端对常见消息类型做了划分，以方便开发者快速上手。

    提醒：Turms的消息（所有业务类型的消息）均可以标记为系统消息。但系统消息只能通过turms管理员API发送，Turms客户端无法发送系统消息。

    业务消息类型
    		描述
    文本消息消息内容为文本
    提醒：文本也可以是JSON，编码成Base64的二进制数据
    图片消息消息内容为描述部分（可选）：图片 URL 地址、尺寸、图片大小
    图片数据（可选）
    语音消息消息内容为描述部分（可选）：语音文件的 URL 地址、时长、大小、格式
    语音数据（可选）
    视频消息消息内容为描述部分（可选）：视频文件的 URL 地址、时长、大小、格式
    视频数据（可选）
    文件消息消息内容为描述部分（可选）：文件的 URL 地址、大小、格式
    文件数据（可选）
    地理位置消息消息内容为地理位置标题、地址、经度、纬度信息
    组合消息消息内容为文本信息与任意个数的其他任意内容类消息类型的消息（如：一条消息既包含了文本，也包含了图片与音频）
    自定义消息Turms在传输时仅使用一种数据结构，它自身可以携带string与List<byte[]>数据结构。因此开发者可以自由实现任意的自定义消息类型，例如红包消息、石头剪子布等形式的消息

    二进制数据的传输实现 ​

    二进制数据（文件）的传输实现方案主要有以下两种：

    使用Turms客户端发送消息API的records字段（极不推荐）使用对象存储服务（AWS S3、阿里云OSS等）
    简介Turms默认支持传递与存储消息附带的二进制数据records，因此您可以将图片、视频、文件等二进制数据存储在records当中您应用的客户端（注意：这里的“客户端”不是Turms的客户端，是您IM应用的客户端）向您的服务服务端程序请求OSS操作许可Token，由客户端将带着这个Token找到OSS服务并上传文件至OSS，接着拿着从OSS那返回的文件URL传递给Turms服务端，由Turms保存这个URL文本，而不保留文件的二进制数据。
    由于Turms插件支持开发者自行实现文件管理服务，因此您也可以通过实现插件的方式实现该功能。比如Turms官方提供的MinIO对象存储服务端的集成实现turms-plugin-minio就是基于Turms插件实现的，供您参考
    优点实现简单无限容量；
    支持CDN加速，优化用户体验；
    支持UI可视化管理，并提供各种运维管理功能。云存储服务一般都支持诸如冗余存储、服务器端加密、冷热数据分层存储（极大地减低数据存储成本）等实用功能特性
    缺点一个Turms客户端有且仅与服务端建立一个TCP连接，因此如果用户使用Turms客户端自带的records字段传输较大的文件，则会阻塞其他业务请求的数据传输；
    MongoDB在查询消息数据时，会把整条消息记录加载到内存中，极大地拖慢消息查询速度

    参考资料：存储服务

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/feature/simultaneous-login.html b/docs/zh-CN/feature/simultaneous-login.html index 7e773367..2238e220 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/feature/simultaneous-login.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/feature/simultaneous-login.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    English

    Appearance

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    Turms Documentation

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    English

    Appearance

    用户相关功能 ​

    相关路径与模型 ​

    • 管理员API路径：/users。具体API细节请参考OpenAPI文档
    • 客户端接口：请查阅UserServiceController类
    • 底层请求模型：请查阅https://github.com/turms-im/proto/tree/master/request/user目录下的接口描述文件
    • 配置类：im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.service.business.user.UserProperties

    用户信息功能 ​

    功能功能描述相关配置
    新增用户turms.service.user.activate-user-when-added
    删除用户turms.service.user.delete-user-logically
    修改用户资料用户修改自己的昵称、介绍、头像URL
    获取用户资料用户查看自己或其他用户的资料
    设置用户资料访问权限用户可以针对个人的每项资料设置访问权限。访问权限有：所有人可见、好友可见、仅自己可见
    用户权限组管理员可以针对不同的用户给予不同的权限配置模型：im.turms.service.domain.user.po.UserPermissionGroup

    用户关系托管 ​

    概念：

    • 关系：关系分为单向关系与双向关系。单向关系指的是：关系的Owner（关系拥有者）对Related User（关系人）具有某种具体的关系，如“单向好友”（允许对方发消息、好友请求过来）或是“拉黑用户”（禁止对方发消息、好友请求过来等）。单向关系的建立不需要进行权限认证。双向关系指的是：用户A对用户B有一个单向关系，用户B对用户A也有一个单向关系。如用户A屏蔽了用户B，而用户B可以指明不屏蔽用户A。
    • 关系人（Related Users）：指的是具有单向或双向关系（指明对方为好友或拉黑用户）的用户。如果两名用户不具有任意一种关系，则其为Strangers。
    • 关系人分组：关系人分组由分组名与一组关系人组成，每个关系必然存在于至少一个关系人分组当中。如果客户端在创建关系时，未对该关系进行分组操作，则该关系会被放进该用户的默认关系组当中。因此要特别注意的就是：在“一个关系人分组”里可以同时有“好友”与“被拉黑”的用户。当然您可以通过业务限制，限制一个分组里只能有某一类的关系人。

    额外补充：实际上，在Turms领域模型中并没有“好友/拉黑用户”这样的概念，其实质是一个叫“isBlocked”的bool。

    功能
    		功能描述相关配置
    获取关系根据可选的过滤（如指定用户ID、“是否是联系人”、“是否是好友/拉黑用户”等）与分组条件，获取当前用户所拥有的关系
    添加关系人(+发起好友请求)①若是添加关系为“好友”的关系人，则根据您自定义的Turms服务端配置，用户既可直接添加"好友"关系，也可以先发起好友请求，待获得被请求人批准后，才自动执行添加“好友”关系操作。
    ②若是添加关系为“拉黑用户”的关系人，则无需批准，直接生效。用户将不再收到拉黑用户发来的任何消息或者请求。    		turms.service.user.friend-request.content-limit
    turms.service.user.friend-request.delete-expired-requests-when-cron-triggered
    turms.service.user.friend-request.allow-send-request-after-declined-or-ignored-or-expired
    turms.service.user.friend-request.friend-request-expire-after-seconds
    turms.service.user.friend-request.expired-user-friend-requests-cleanup-cron
    turms.service.user.friend-request.delete-expired-requests-when-cron-triggered
    通过/拒绝好友请求用户可以通过或者拒绝好友请求。若同意好友请求，则二者将建立双向的“好友”关系
    删除关系人根据可选删除条件（如“是/不是关系人”、“是好友/拉黑用户”），删除某类关系人或指定关系人。deleteTwoSidedRelationships
    修改与关系人的关系修改用户关系（好友/拉黑用户）信息。在修改关系为“好友”时，默认需要先发送好友请求（您可以取消此步骤）
    创建关系人分组创建分组时，可以同时指定分组名与被添加的关系人。同一关系人可以被添加到多个分组
    删除关系人分组删除关系人分组，同时可以可选是否转移被删除关系人分组中的关系人到其他分组（若不指定，则默认分配到“默认分组”）
    重命名关系人分组重命名关系人分组
    获取用户自己的关系人分组信息获取用户自己的关系人分组信息
    添加关系人到某分组将关系人添加到/移到关系人分组。若分组不存在，则操作失败
    从某分组中删除关系人将关系人从关系人分组中删除

    定位功能 ​

    配置类：im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.location.LocationProperties

    功能功能描述相关配置
    用户位置记录定期记录用户所在位置turms.location.enabled
    turms.location.treat-user-id-and-device-type-as-unique-user
    附近的人根据当前实时坐标搜寻附近的其他用户turms.location.users-nearby-request.default-max-available-nearby-users-number
    turms.location.users-nearby-request.default-max-distance-meters
    turms.location.users-nearby-request.max-available-users-nearby-number-limit
    turms.location.users-nearby-request.max-distance-meters

    统计功能 ​

    配置类：im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.service.env.StatisticsProperties

    尽管Turms提供一些基础的统计功能，但推荐用户通过云服务采集各种统计数据，如Amazon CloudWatch。

    功能功能描述相关配置
    在线用户数统计Turms集群中的Master节点会定期将集群中的在线用户数以日志形式进行记录turms.service.statistics.log-online-users-number
    turms.service.statistics.online-users-number-logging-cron
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    简介 ​

    Turms基于读扩散消息模型进行架构设计，对业务数据变化感知同时支持推模式、拉模式与推拉模式（详细文档：Turms业务数据变化感知），其他大部分的设计细节也源自商用即时通讯项目。并且相比很多技术栈落后的开源项目或闭源商用项目，Turms解决方案也是全球即时通讯开源领域内唯一一个基于现代化架构与现代化工程技术，并且适合中大规模部署的解决方案。

    另外，架构设计是权衡的艺术，部分IM产品以功能丰富为口号，但功能丰富的代价就是只适用于小体量的用户规模（如企业内部通讯）。而Turms以极限性能为第一要义，同时支持完整的（而非丰富的）IM业务功能，以支持中大规模即时通讯场景。具体原因可查阅Turms集合设计以及Turms可观测性体系相关文档。

    当您需要将Turms与其他开源IM项目做具体特性的比对时，您可以先照着Turms下述的特性与其他开源IM项目进行比对。通常情况下，您能通过这样的比对，发现专业IM项目与业余IM项目之间的区别。另外，在产品对比章节下，我们也提到了Turms项目的缺点供您参考。

    注意：当前Turms项目的主要缺点是不对直播/聊天室业务场景提供支持。直播/聊天室业务场景的技术实现并不难，但其产品需求、质量属性要求与约束性条件与一般的社交场景存在着较大差异，故Turms第一版设计不对其提供支持；另外，Turms也不太适用于小规模的企业通讯场景，用Turms往企业通讯场景上套就有点“杀鸡用牛刀”，因为企业通讯更强调功能丰富而非极限性能，与Turms的目标不符，所以二者的上层设计也不同。如果希望支持企业通讯场景，您还需要对Turms进行二次开发。

    业务功能相关特性 ​

    1. （业务功能完善性）Turms支持几乎所有商用即时通讯产品所支持的即时通讯相关功能（甚至还有更多的业务功能），且无业务功能限制，同时也支持一些诸如敏感词过滤（基于双数组Trie的AC自动机算法实现）、消息冷热分离存储等高级IM功能。
    2. （功能拓展性）Turms同时支持两种拓展模式：配置参数与开发插件。当然您也完全可以对源码进行修改。目前用于接入的MinIO对象存储服务的插件turms-plugin-minio就是基于turms-plugin实现的。
    3. （配置灵活性）Turms提供了上百个配置参数供用户定制，以满足各种需求。并且大部分配置都可以在集群运作时（不需要停机），进行集群级别的同步更新，并且无性能损失。

    通用架构特性 ​

    1. （敏捷性）支持在用户无感知的情况下，对Turms服务端进行停机更新，为快速迭代提供可能
    2. （可伸缩性）无状态架构，Turms集群支持弹性扩展与异地多活的部署实现，用户可通过DNS就近接入
    3. （可部署性）支持容器化部署，方便与云服务对接，以实现全自动化部署与运维。Turms默认提供了docker镜像、docker-compose脚本、Terraform模块三套容器化部署方案
    4. （可观测性）具备相对完善的可观测性体系设计，为业务统计与错误排查提供可能
    5. （可拓展性）能同时支持中大型即时通讯场景，即便用户体量由小变大也无需重构（当然，对于大型运用场景还有很多优化的工作需要做，但当前架构不影响后期的无痛升级）
    6. （安全性）提供限流防刷机制与全局用户/IP黑名单机制，以抵御大部分CC攻击
    7. （简单性）核心架构“轻量”，方便学习与二次开发（原因请查阅 Turms架构设计）
    8. Turms使用MongoDB分片架构，并支持请求路由（如读写分离）、冷热数据分离，同时也支持跨地域多活部署与数据主主同步，为大规模跨国部署提供实际操作的可能

    其他特性 ​

    1. 重视可观测性体系建设（详细文档：Turms可观测性体系）。具体而言包括以下三个维度：

      • 日志（针对事件）：共提供了三大类日志：监控日志、业务日志、统计日志
      • 度量（针对可聚合数据）。包括实时的系统运行状态信息，以及实时的业务数据
      • 链路追踪

      补充：Turms服务端自身会在实现高效的前提下尽可能提供更多监控数据，但不提供一些尽管常见但对性能影响较大，且更适合第三方服务实现的功能（如：日活）。对于这类拓展功能，您可以通过对Turms的日志与度量数据进行离线或实时分析来实现该类功能。

    2. 运作极为高效。

      Turms服务端在所有业务流程的代码实现上，都对性能有着极致追求，具体请查阅代码实现。

      • 网络
        • I/O：Turms服务端基于响应式编程，Turms服务端的所有网络请求在底层都是基于Netty的异步无阻塞模型实现的（包括数据库调用、Redis调用、服务发现注册、RPC等）。因此Turms服务端在各个功能模块上都能充分利用硬件资源（而传统服务端不能）
        • 编码：Turms服务端与Turms客户端间的通信数据采用Protobuf编码；Turms服务端之间的RPC请求与响应均采用定制化的二进制编码，以保证极致的高效。
      • 线程
        • Turms服务端具有优秀的线程模型，其线程峰值数恒定，与在线用户规模以及请求数无关。由于Turms接入层默认线程数与CPU数一致，因此Turms服务端能充分利用CPU缓存，并相比传统服务端，极大地减少了线程上下文切换开销与线程争用
        • 业务逻辑处理过程中，几乎无加锁操作，只有CAS操作
      • 内存
        • 在划分内存空间时，合理且充分地循环利用堆内存与直接内存
        • Turms通过重写MongoDB/Redis客户端依赖的部分实现，保证了Turms服务端中无冗余的内存分配，极大地提高了内存的有效使用率
      • 缓存：Turms服务端各功能模块充分利用本地内存缓存

    子项目 ​

    名称描述
    turms-gatewayTurms客户端网关（推送服务端）。负责用户鉴权与会话保持、消息推送，以及为turms-service服务端提供的负载均衡等功能
    turms-serviceTurms业务处理服务端。对用户提供各种IM业务逻辑的实现，对管理员提供基础数据管理、权限控制、集群配置等功能
    turms-admin为Turms服务端集群提供：内容管理、集群配置等功能
    turms-client-js对外暴露IM业务相关的API接口，内部实现与Turms服务端的各种交互逻辑（如心跳检查），并且支持浏览器标签页共享WebSocket连接的高级特性。您在使用该库时，通常无需关心背后的逻辑
    turms-client-kotlin对外暴露IM业务相关的API接口，内部实现与Turms服务端的各种交互逻辑（如心跳检查）。您在使用该库时，通常无需关心背后的逻辑
    turms-client-swift同上
    turms-client-dart同上
    turms-plugin当指定事件（如用户上下线、消息接收与转发等）被触发时，turms-gateway和turms-service会调用对应的自定义插件以方便开发者实现各种各样定制化功能
    turms-plugin-antispam基于双数组Trie的AC自动机算法实现的反垃圾机制（检测的时间复杂度为O(n)，n为目标字符串code points的长度）
    turms-plugin-minio基于turms-plugin实现的存储服务插件。用于与MinIO服务端进行交互
    turms-plugin-rasa基于turms-plugin实现的聊天机器人插件。用于与Rasa服务端进行交互
    turms-data（TODO）尚未发布。基于Flink生态的独立数据分析系统，负责业务数据统计与分析，为turms的管理员统计API与turms-admin运营报表提供底层数据支持

    参考架构 ​

    Turms的架构设计脱胎于商用即时通讯架构。下图为Turms的参考架构图，由虚线框起来的服务为可选服务，由实线框起来的服务则为必选服务。具体架构细节请查阅该Turms架构设计。

    参考架构图

    产品对比 ​

    全球开源的IM项目虽多，但为中大型IM应用场景设计的开源IM项目，目前有且仅有Turms这一个项目。

    Rocket.Chat大量具有高关注度的低质IM项目闭源的即时通讯云Turms
    应用场景企业内部通讯企业内部通讯通用的即时通讯场景通用的中大规模即时通讯场景（为二次开发提供实际操作的可能）
    （注：第一版设计不对直播/聊天室业务场景提供支持）
    优点1. 提供云服务，点点鼠标即可启动集群，并对外提供服务
    2. 客户端支持众多平台且开箱即用
    3. 带有完整且风格统一的UI套件
    4. 具有大量的拓展即时通讯功能，包括音视频会议、文件传输、桌面共享等高级功能
    5. 商业版有技术团队支持    		1. 部分开发者具有开源奉献精神1. 提供云服务，点点鼠标即可启动集群，并对外提供服务
    2. 客户端支持众多平台且开箱即用
    3. 带有完整且风格统一的UI套件
    4. 具有大量的拓展即时通讯功能，包括音视频会议、文件传输、桌面共享等高级功能
    5. 商业版有技术团队支持    		优点即上文所述特性。
    补充：外网自建，无需公安备案
    缺点1. 只适合小规模部署（千人以下）
    2. 适用场景窄，功能可定制性差    		1. 项目技术人员技术视野窄，代码质量过低，无软件工程思维，总体水平业余。如：系统不具备可观察性、无防刷与黑名单机制，被CC攻击时，只能停机
    2. 项目大多具有玩票性质。通常维护者在长期维护过程中，会发现当前服务架构混乱不堪，但又没能力重构，或者发现同领域内还有其他开源的且对方项目具有碾压性优势的时候，热情大减，放弃继续维护项目
    3. 项目大多哗众取宠，通常还伴随互刷关注度。由于吸引初级程序员更容易快速获取关注度，该类项目多会提供一些业余水平的UI界面与外强中干的产品功能，最终积重难返，彻底沦为玩具项目
    4. 部分项目仅公开部分源码（如只公开客户端代码，不公开服务端代码），以假借开源名义来推广低质的收费服务。但其收费服务远不如免费的Rocket.Chat，跟融云、网易云信等成熟的商业服务相比就更无优势可言了
    5. KPI项目或面试用项目。目的完成后便抛弃项目    		1. 闭源，无法自定义实现。任何项目在业务增长之后必将出现新的业务需求，需要进行定制。但通讯云要么不提供定制服务，要么需要高昂的定制费用，且第三方平台可能会对您业务理解出现偏差，造成定制功能不能很好地满足您业务需求，二者需要长期的磨合。
    而基于Turms自研就可以快速开发并快速上线，成本也低。另：即时通讯的复杂性可以参考集合结构设计
    2. 数据泄露。您所有的用户信息与聊天记录都存储在第三方平台，其可以偷窥和使用您的数据。
    特别是一些IM小公司，数据的安全性完全没有保障，您甚至需要承受数据丢失无法恢复的风险
    3. 越用越依赖，越用越贵。多数通讯云提供一定的免费额度或试用期，但在您产品的用户规模增长之后，您需要支付高昂的使用费或放弃使用开始自研
    4. 技术支持不及时。通讯云需要同时对多个客户提供技术支持，对您产品的支持可能滞后
    5. 需要公安备案    		1. 只满足通用的即时通讯需求，不提供拓展功能的实现（如：不具备常用的音视频会议功能。TODO：Turms后期会基于SFU媒体服务器为Turms主服务端定制一套信令服务端，目前您可自行选择其他音视频会议解决方案与Turms进行集成）
    2. Turms第一版设计不对直播/聊天室业务场景提供支持
    3. 服务端只提供度量/日志等原始数据，不提供分析与报警等功能
    4. 配套的Web后台管理系统turms-admin不提供专业的运维功能（注意：Turms配套的后台系统和商用的运维系统是相辅相成的）。
    5. 不提供客户端具体的上层业务逻辑实现与UI支持
    6. 服务端基于响应式编程，对二次开发者的技术水平要求相对高
    总评几乎是开源届中企业内部通讯实现的最优开源项目，非常推荐受众主要是不了解即时通讯领域的初级程序员，Rocket.Chat跟这类产品相比具有碾压性的优势如果您产品所涉及的IM业务场景非常常规，没有定制化需求，且IM业务也不是您产品的主营业务，则推荐使用成熟的即时通讯云。另外，如果没有特殊原因，尽量不要使用小公司的通讯云服务，否则您的数据安全性将毫无保障Rocket.Chat和Turms虽然同为即时通讯领域的开源项目，但二者在应用场景上几乎没有交集。
    因为Tumrs是面向通用的中大型即时通讯应用场景，且相对底层的即时通讯引擎。您无法直接将Turms引擎交给您的客户使用（就像大部分产品不会让客户直接写SQL语句来查询数据库里的业务模型一样）。
    但基于Turms，您可以更高效、更全方位、更扩展地实现目前GitHub上所有开源的即时通讯项目

    关于带具体业务实现的Demo ​

    考虑到Turms项目的定位，Turms并不打算在近期提供带UI与具体业务逻辑的客户端Demo。因为：

    1. 在业务层面，Turms已经足够简单易用了，若您仅是想自行测试Turms的业务功能，您甚至无需敲一行代码，即可运行Turms服务端。仅需十来行代码就可以实现客户端的登陆、发送消息、发送好友请求等等多种业务操作，修改下业务相关配置，即可定制各种业务。

    2. Demo的设计与实现与具体业务场景、具体的编程语言、具体的技术架构、具体的运行平台都密切相关。而Turms引擎一直是致力于高效地满足各种复杂多变的即时通讯业务场景，不希望因为Demo限制了开发者的想象力。并且开发与维护Demo也非常地费时费力，会拖慢Turms项目的开发进度。

    3. 目前，您只需跟GPT-3.5与GPT-4“聊天”，即可实现定制技术方案与UI设计了。以文字稿为例（另外，GPT-4支持图片输入，您也可以绘制UI线框，以提示它要如何设计UI）：

      请基于Vue3、Vite、Eslint等技术来实现一个运行在Web端的客服聊天窗口。具体要求：

      1. UI设计风格需要参考：Ant Design
      2. 该聊天窗口大体分为三个部分：在顶部，需要显示客服的名称信息；在中部，需要显示用户与客服的聊天消息；在底部提供一个文字输入框与发送按钮，以让用户能够输入文本与发送消息。
      3. 该聊天窗口需要始终在网页的右小角置顶显示
      4. 你需要假定该聊天窗口基于WebSocket协议与后台服务端进行通信，以完成登陆、发送消息、接受消息等操作
      5. 你需要基于UI组件化设计方案，给出项目结构、项目中的所有具体代码实现

      GPT能马上提供对应的代码实现，并且您还能在各种方案（您可以让GPT提供与比对多套方案）的基础上不断地跟它“聊天”，以细化它的UI设计与代码实现，让最终实现贴近您的想法。

    开源协议 ​

    Turms项目采用Apache License 2.0协议，因此我们并不关心使用者是否计划靠Turms项目盈利，我们只要求使用者遵守Apache License 2.0协议，在您的作品处，如文档、视频、代码等处，注明Turms源项目的信息，如：

    源项目：turms-im/turms
 源项目地址：https://github.com/turms-im/turms
 源项目文档地址：https://turms-im.github.io/docs

    Q & A ​

    1. Turms项目如何盈利？

      我们目前不需要盈利。当然，我们也不排斥盈利，但我们不会为了赚取咨询、培训等费用，而故意不写好文档或不做好项目。另外一提的是，确实有很多（半）开源项目是通过故意不写好文档与不做好开源项目，来赚取服务支持费用。

    2. 如果有盈利组织，如培训机构或公司，引用了Turms的文档，甚至把Turms项目做成SaaS服务出售，这些盈利组织需要注意什么吗？

      我们对您的团队是否计划从Turms项目中盈利毫不关心，您的团队只需遵守Apache License 2.0协议，注明上述的Turms源项目信息。

    3. Turms项目适合做成SaaS服务，那Turms项目为什么不采用AGPL或SSPL协议？

      我们目前不需要盈利，且也没计划盈利，我们只要求使用者遵守Apache License 2.0协议。

    4. Turms项目如果不盈利，那它的项目质量如何？

      我们的文档与源码已经替我们回答了这个问题，并且在全球开源界，暂时还没有一个开源IM项目能跟Turms项目在中大型IM应用场景中竞争。另外一提的是，商业项目不代表质量高，甚至很多商业项目的文档与代码质量是令人触目惊心的水平。

    5. Turms有使用双授权协议或带有隐藏收费条目吗？

      没有。一些开源项目对个人使用免费，对商业使用收费，采用双授权协议，或带有很多隐藏收费条目。而整个Turms项目有且仅使用Apache License 2.0协议，也不存在任何收费环节。部分项目自称开源软件，但其实并不是，具体可参考开源软件真正的定义：中文版、英文版。

    特别感谢 ​

    Turms项目主要在IntelliJ IDEA与CLion这两个IDE上进行开发。

    感谢JetBrains Community Support Team为非商业开源项目提供的License。

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    Turms Documentation

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    English

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    管理员API接口 ​

    Turms服务端的接口文档采用OpenAPI 3.0标准，并通过HTTP服务对外提供当前服务端的OpenAPI接口文档。

    如果您需要查阅API接口文档，您可以在启动Turms服务端后，访问 http://localhost:端口号/openapi/ui 查阅API接口。如果您需要API接口的JSON格式数据，则可访问 http://localhost:端口号/openapi/docs 获取。其中，turms-gateway管理员HTTP服务端的默认端口号是9510，而turms-service则使用8510端口。

    注意：在将Turms服务端部署到生产环境时，通常不需要将Turms服务端的Admin API端口开放给公网，以避免不必要的攻击。

    接口设计准则 ​

    为了让接口能够顾名思义，保证开发者能一目了然，Turms的Admin API接口设计参考RESTful设计风格，并做了进一步优化与统一，具体遵循以下准则：

    • URL的路径部分代表目标资源，如/users/relationships；或是资源的表现形式，如/users/relationships/page表示以分页的形式返回资源。一个URI有且仅可能返回一种格式的Response。

    • POST方法用于Create资源，DELETE方法用于Delete资源，PUT方法用于Update资源，GET方法用于Query资源，以及比较特殊的HEAD方法用于Check资源（类似于GET，但无Response body，仅通过HTTP状态码交互）

    • 请求的Query string用于定位资源，如?ids=1,2,3；或是附加指令，如?reset=true

      注意：与RESTful风格不同，Turms服务端不使用请求URL路径（Path）做资源定位。如GET /flight-recordings/jfr下载JFR文件接口，在RESTful风格中应该是GET /flight-recordings/jfr/{id}，但在Turms服务端中是GET /flight-recordings/jfr?id={id}

    • 请求的Body用于描述要创建或更新的数据

    使用管理接口的对象 ​

    • 您的前端管理系统或后端服务端发出HTTP(S)请求进行调用

    • 管理员后台管理Web项目的turms-admin使用

    注意：管理接口不是给终端用户使用的，而是您团队内部进行调用的。因此通常情况下，您不需要给turms-service服务端开放外网IP与端口。

    类别 ​

    非业务相关类 ​

    监控类 ​

    类别Controller路径支持该接口的服务
    日志管理LogController/logs均支持
    度量信息管理MetricsController/metrics均支持
    飞行记录管理FlightRecordingController/flight-recordings均支持

    插件类 ​

    类别Controller路径支持该接口的服务
    插件管理PluginController/plugins均支持

    管理员类 ​

    类别Controller路径支持该接口的服务补充
    管理员管理AdminController/adminsturms-service每个Turms集群默认存在一个角色为ROOT，账号名与密码均为turms的账号
    管理员角色管理AdminRoleController/admins/rolesturms-service每个Turms集群默认存在一个角色为ROOT的超级管理员角色，其具有所有权限

    集群类 ​

    类别Controller路径支持该接口的服务
    集群节点管理MemberController/cluster/membersturms-service
    集群配置管理SettingController/cluster/settingsturms-service

    黑名单类 ​

    类别Controller路径支持该接口的服务
    IP黑名单管理IpBlocklistController/blocked-clients/ipsturms-service
    用户黑名单管理UserBlocklistController/blocked-clients/usersturms-service

    用户会话类 ​

    类别Controller路径支持该接口的服务
    用户会话管理SessionController/sessionsturms-gateway

    业务相关类 ​

    下表所有API端口仅存在于turms-service服务端，turms-gateway服务端没有这些API端口。

    用户类 ​

    类别Controller路径
    用户信息管理UserController/users
    用户在线状态管理UserOnlineInfoController/users/online-infos
    用户权限组管理UserPermissionGroupController/users/permission-groups
    用户关系管理UserRelationshipController/users/relationships
    用户关系组管理UserRelationshipGroupController/users/relationships/groups
    用户好友请求管理UserFriendRequestController/users/relationships/friend-requests

    群组类 ​

    类别Controller路径
    群组管理GroupController/groups
    群组类型管理GroupTypeController/groups/types
    群组入群问题管理GroupQuestionController/groups/questions
    群组成员管理GroupMemberController/groups/members
    群组黑名单管理GroupBlocklistController/groups/blocked-users
    群组邀请管理GroupInvitationController/groups/invitations
    群组入群请求管理GroupJoinRequestController/groups/join-requests

    聊天会话类 ​

    类别Controller路径
    聊天会话管理ConversationController/conversations

    消息类 ​

    类别Controller路径
    消息管理MessageController/messages

    统计 ​

    当前对外暴露的统计相关接口多为Legacy API，不推荐使用。我们会在之后对其进行调整与重构。具体原因请查阅数据分析章节。

    管理员API接口安全 ​

    用户向Turms服务端发送的每个HTTP请求都会经过Turms服务端的认证与授权流程，具体内容可见管理员安全。

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    Turms Documentation

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    English

    简体中文

    English

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    状态码 ​

    共有两种状态码需要开发者了解，一种是ResponseStatusCode，另一种是SessionCloseStatus。下表内容不需要刻意记忆，只需要在遇见不认识的状态码时，懂得查询即可。

    ResponseStatusCode ​

    ResponseStatusCode表明请求响应中的处理状态，类似HTTP的状态码。

    每一个请求响应都会包含一个ResponseStatusCode。具体的状态码声明可查阅turms-client-kotlin项目下的im.turms.client.model.ResponseStatusCode类。

    客户端独有状态码 ​

    客户端独有状态码不会出现在Turms服务端中，表明客户端请求在客户端本地就被拒绝执行。

    类别名称状态码含义
    连接相关CONNECT_TIMEOUT1
    请求相关INVALID_REQUEST100
    CLIENT_REQUESTS_TOO_FREQUENT101
    REQUEST_TIMEOUT102
    ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT103
    通知相关INVALID_NOTIFICATION200
    INVALID_RESPONSE201
    会话相关CLIENT_SESSION_ALREADY_ESTABLISHED300
    CLIENT_SESSION_HAS_BEEN_CLOSED301
    消息相关MESSAGE_IS_REJECTED400
    存储相关QUERY_PROFILE_URL_TO_UPDATE_BEFORE_LOGIN500

    通用状态码 ​

    类别名称状态码含义
    成功响应OK1000
    NO_CONTENT1001
    ALREADY_UP_TO_DATE1002
    客户端请求错误INVALID_REQUEST1100
    CLIENT_REQUESTS_TOO_FREQUENT1101
    ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT1102
    RECORD_CONTAINS_DUPLICATE_KEY1103
    REQUESTED_RECORDS_TOO_MANY1104
    SEND_REQUEST_FROM_NONEXISTENT_SESSION1105
    UNAUTHORIZED_REQUEST1106
    服务端错误SERVER_INTERNAL_ERROR1200
    SERVER_UNAVAILABLE1201
    管理员接口 - 通用错误UNAUTHORIZED1300
    NO_FILTER_FOR_DELETE_OPERATION1301
    RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND1302
    DUPLICATE_RESOURCE1303
    ADMIN_REQUESTS_TOO_FREQUENT1304
    管理员接口 - JFR相关错误DUMP_JFR_IN_ILLEGAL_STATUS1310
    管理员接口 - 插件相关错误JAVASCRIPT_PLUGIN_IS_DISABLED1320
    SAVING_JAVA_PLUGIN_IS_DISABLED1321
    SAVING_JAVASCRIPT_PLUGIN_IS_DISABLED1322
    管理员接口 - 封禁相关错误IP_BLOCKLIST_IS_DISABLED1400
    USER_ID_BLOCKLIST_IS_DISABLED1401
    管理员接口 - 集群 - 主节点相关错误NONEXISTENT_MEMBER_TO_BE_LEADER1800
    NO_QUALIFIED_MEMBER_TO_BE_LEADER1801
    NOT_QUALIFIED_MEMBER_TO_BE_LEADER1802
    用户 - 登陆相关错误UNSUPPORTED_CLIENT_VERSION2000
    LOGIN_TIMEOUT2010
    LOGIN_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED2011
    LOGGING_IN_USER_NOT_ACTIVE2012
    LOGIN_FROM_FORBIDDEN_DEVICE_TYPE2013
    用户 - 会话相关错误SESSION_SIMULTANEOUS_CONFLICTS_DECLINE2100
    SESSION_SIMULTANEOUS_CONFLICTS_NOTIFY2101
    SESSION_SIMULTANEOUS_CONFLICTS_OFFLINE2102
    CREATE_EXISTING_SESSION2103
    UPDATE_HEARTBEAT_OF_NONEXISTENT_SESSION2104
    用户 - 位置相关错误USER_LOCATION_RELATED_FEATURES_ARE_DISABLED2200
    QUERYING_NEAREST_USERS_BY_SESSION_ID_IS_DISABLED2201
    用户 - 信息相关错误UPDATE_INFO_OF_NONEXISTENT_USER2300
    NOT_FRIEND_TO_QUERY_USER_PROFILE2301
    BLOCKED_USER_TO_QUERY_USER_PROFILE2302
    用户 - 权限组相关错误QUERY_PERMISSION_OF_NONEXISTENT_USER2400
    用户 - 关系相关错误ADD_NON_RELATED_USER_TO_GROUP2500
    CREATE_EXISTING_RELATIONSHIP2501
    CANNOT_BLOCK_ONESELF2502
    用户 - 好友请求相关错误CREATE_EXISTING_FRIEND_REQUEST2600
    BLOCKED_USER_TO_SEND_FRIEND_REQUEST2601
    RECALL_NON_PENDING_FRIEND_REQUEST2602
    RECALLING_FRIEND_REQUEST_IS_DISABLED2603
    NOT_SENDER_TO_RECALL_FRIEND_REQUEST2604
    UPDATE_NON_PENDING_FRIEND_REQUEST2605
    NOT_RECIPIENT_TO_UPDATE_FRIEND_REQUEST2606
    群组 - 信息相关错误UPDATE_INFO_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP3000
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_INFO3001
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_INFO3002
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_INFO3003
    群组 - 类型相关错误NO_PERMISSION_TO_CREATE_GROUP_WITH_GROUP_TYPE3100
    CREATE_GROUP_WITH_NONEXISTENT_GROUP_TYPE3101
    UPDATING_GROUP_TYPE_IS_DISABLED3102
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_TYPE3103
    NO_PERMISSION_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_TO_GROUP_TYPE3104
    UPDATE_GROUP_TO_NONEXISTENT_GROUP_TYPE3105
    群组 - 所有权相关错误NOT_ACTIVE_USER_TO_CREATE_GROUP3200
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_TRANSFER_GROUP3201
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_DELETE_GROUP3202
    GROUP_SUCCESSOR_NOT_GROUP_MEMBER3203
    GROUP_OWNER_QUIT_WITHOUT_SPECIFYING_SUCCESSOR3204
    MAX_OWNED_GROUPS_REACHED3205
    TRANSFER_NONEXISTENT_GROUP3206
    群组 - 入群问题相关错误NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_CREATE_GROUP_QUESTION3300
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_DELETE_GROUP_QUESTION3301
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_QUESTION3302
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_QUERY_GROUP_QUESTION_ANSWER3303
    CREATE_GROUP_QUESTION_FOR_INACTIVE_GROUP3304
    CREATE_GROUP_QUESTION_FOR_GROUP_USING_JOIN_REQUEST3305
    CREATE_GROUP_QUESTION_FOR_GROUP_USING_INVITATION3306
    CREATE_GROUP_QUESTION_FOR_GROUP_USING_MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST3307
    GROUP_QUESTION_ANSWERER_HAS_BEEN_BLOCKED3308
    GROUP_MEMBER_ANSWER_GROUP_QUESTION3309
    ANSWER_INACTIVE_GROUP_QUESTION3310
    ANSWER_GROUP_QUESTION_OF_INACTIVE_GROUP3311
    群组 - 成员相关错误ADD_USER_TO_GROUP_REQUIRING_USERS_APPROVAL3400
    ADD_USER_TO_INACTIVE_GROUP3401
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_ADD_GROUP_MANAGER3402
    ADD_USER_TO_GROUP_WITH_SIZE_LIMIT_REACHED3403
    ADD_BLOCKED_USER_TO_GROUP3404
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_ADD_GROUP_MEMBER3405
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_ADD_GROUP_MEMBER3406
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_ADD_GROUP_MEMBER3407
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_REMOVE_GROUP_MEMBER3408
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_REMOVE_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER3409
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_MEMBER_ROLE3410
    UPDATE_GROUP_MEMBER_ROLE_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP3411
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO3412
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO3413
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO3414
    UPDATE_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP3415
    UPDATE_INFO_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP_MEMBER3416
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_MUTE_GROUP_MEMBER3417
    MUTE_GROUP_MEMBER_WITH_ROLE_EQUAL_TO_OR_HIGHER_THAN_REQUESTER3418
    MUTE_GROUP_MEMBER_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP3419
    MUTE_NONEXISTENT_GROUP_MEMBER3420
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_QUERY_GROUP_MEMBER_INFO3421
    USER_JOIN_GROUP_WITHOUT_ACCEPTING_GROUP_INVITATION3422
    USER_JOIN_GROUP_WITHOUT_ANSWERING_GROUP_QUESTION3423
    USER_JOIN_GROUP_WITHOUT_SENDING_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3424
    群组 - 黑名单相关错误NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_ADD_BLOCKED_USER3500
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_REMOVE_BLOCKED_USER3501
    群组 - 入群请求相关错误BLOCKED_USER_SEND_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3600
    GROUP_MEMBER_SEND_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3601
    NOT_SENDER_TO_RECALL_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3602
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_QUERY_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3603
    RECALL_NON_PENDING_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3604
    SEND_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST_TO_INACTIVE_GROUP3605
    SEND_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST_TO_GROUP_USING_MEMBERSHIP_REQUEST3606
    SEND_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST_TO_GROUP_USING_INVITATION3607
    SEND_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST_TO_GROUP_USING_QUESTION3608
    RECALLING_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST_IS_DISABLED3609
    UPDATE_NON_PENDING_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3610
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_JOIN_REQUEST3611
    群组 - 邀请相关错误SEND_GROUP_INVITATION_TO_GROUP_MEMBER3700
    SEND_GROUP_INVITATION_TO_BLOCKED_USER3701
    SEND_GROUP_INVITATION_TO_GROUP_NOT_REQUIRING_USERS_APPROVAL3702
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_TO_SEND_GROUP_INVITATION3703
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_SEND_GROUP_INVITATION3704
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_SEND_GROUP_INVITATION3705
    RECALLING_GROUP_INVITATION_IS_DISABLED3706
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_RECALL_GROUP_INVITATION3707
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_OR_SENDER_TO_RECALL_GROUP_INVITATION3708
    RECALL_NON_PENDING_GROUP_INVITATION3709
    UPDATE_NON_PENDING_GROUP_INVITATION3710
    NOT_INVITEE_TO_UPDATE_GROUP_INVITATION3711
    NOT_GROUP_OWNER_OR_MANAGER_TO_QUERY_GROUP_INVITATION3712
    聊天会话 - 查阅时间相关错误UPDATING_READ_DATE_IS_DISABLED4000
    UPDATING_READ_DATE_IS_DISABLED_BY_GROUP4001
    UPDATING_READ_DATE_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP_CONVERSATION4002
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_UPDATE_READ_DATE_OF_GROUP_CONVERSATION4003
    MOVING_READ_DATE_FORWARD_IS_DISABLED4004
    聊天会话 - 输入状态相关错误UPDATING_TYPING_STATUS_IS_DISABLED4100
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_SEND_TYPING_STATUS4101
    NOT_FRIEND_TO_SEND_TYPING_STATUS4102
    消息 - 发送相关错误MESSAGE_RECIPIENT_NOT_ACTIVE5000
    NOT_FRIEND_TO_SEND_PRIVATE_MESSAGE5001
    BLOCKED_USER_SEND_PRIVATE_MESSAGE5002
    BLOCKED_USER_SEND_GROUP_MESSAGE5003
    SEND_MESSAGE_TO_INACTIVE_GROUP5004
    SEND_MESSAGE_TO_MUTED_GROUP5005
    SEND_MESSAGE_TO_NONEXISTENT_GROUP5006
    SENDING_MESSAGES_TO_ONESELF_IS_DISABLED5007
    MUTED_GROUP_MEMBER_SEND_MESSAGE5008
    NOT_SPEAKABLE_GROUP_GUEST_TO_SEND_MESSAGE5009
    MESSAGE_IS_ILLEGAL5010
    NOT_MESSAGE_RECIPIENT_OR_SENDER_TO_FORWARD_MESSAGE5011
    消息 - 更新相关错误UPDATING_MESSAGE_BY_SENDER_IS_DISABLED5100
    NOT_SENDER_TO_UPDATE_MESSAGE5101
    UPDATE_MESSAGE_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP5102
    UPDATING_GROUP_MESSAGE_BY_SENDER_IS_DISABLED5103
    消息 - 撤回相关错误RECALL_NONEXISTENT_MESSAGE5200
    RECALLING_MESSAGE_IS_DISABLED5201
    NOT_SENDER_TO_RECALL_MESSAGE5202
    RECALL_MESSAGE_OF_NONEXISTENT_GROUP5203
    MESSAGE_RECALL_TIMEOUT5204
    消息 - 查询相关错误NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_QUERY_GROUP_MESSAGES5300
    存储 - 通用错误STORAGE_NOT_IMPLEMENTED6000
    存储 - 消息附件相关错误NOT_FRIEND_TO_UPLOAD_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_IN_PRIVATE_CONVERSATION6100
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_UPLOAD_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_IN_GROUP_CONVERSATION6101
    NOT_UPLOADER_TO_SHARE_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT6102
    NOT_UPLOADER_OR_GROUP_MANAGER_TO_UNSHARE_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_IN_GROUP_CONVERSATION6103
    NOT_UPLOADER_TO_UNSHARE_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_IN_PRIVATE_CONVERSATION6104
    NOT_UPLOADER_OR_GROUP_MANAGER_TO_DELETE_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_IN_GROUP_CONVERSATION6105
    NOT_UPLOADER_TO_DELETE_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_IN_PRIVATE_CONVERSATION6106
    NOT_UPLOADER_OR_SHARED_WITH_USER_TO_DOWNLOAD_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT6107
    存储 - 消息附件信息相关错误NOT_FRIEND_TO_QUERY_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_INFO_IN_PRIVATE_CONVERSATION6130
    NOT_GROUP_MEMBER_TO_QUERY_MESSAGE_ATTACHMENT_INFO_IN_GROUP_CONVERSATION6131

    SessionCloseStatus ​

    SessionCloseStatus表明会话关闭的原因。

    具体的状态码声明可查阅im.turms.server.common.access.common.SessionCloseStatus类。

    原因类别名称状态码含义
    客户端非法行为ILLEGAL_REQUEST100非法请求
    HEARTBEAT_TIMEOUT110心跳超时
    LOGIN_TIMEOUT111登录超时
    SWITCH112会话超时，TCP或WebSocket切换为UDP进入休眠保活状态
    服务端行为SERVER_ERROR200服务端异常错误
    SERVER_CLOSED201服务端进入停机状态
    SERVER_UNAVAILABLE202服务不可用
    网络层错误CONNECTION_CLOSED300未收到关闭帧，网络层连接被强制关闭
    未知错误UNKNOWN_ERROR400未知的服务端或客户端行为错误
    用户主动关闭DISCONNECTED_BY_CLIENT500当前用户主动请求关闭会话
    DISCONNECTED_BY_OTHER_DEVICE501由于当前用户的其他设备上线，导致当前会话关闭
    管理员主动关闭DISCONNECTED_BY_ADMIN600管理员通过API主动关闭会话
    用户状态变更USER_IS_DELETED_OR_INACTIVATED700用户账号被删除或进入未激活状态
    USER_IS_BLOCKED701用户IP或用户ID被封禁
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/deployment/config.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/deployment/config.html index 993cae2b..9b020d2c 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/deployment/config.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/deployment/config.html @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ - + @@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ --health-retries=3 \ --health-start-period=60s \ -v <your-jvm-options-file-path>:/opt/turms/turms-gateway/config/jvm.options:ro \ - ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-gateway

  • 如果通过Docker Compose，则可以使用类似：

    shell
    TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path> docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    powershell
    $env:TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path>;docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate

    注意：上述的TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF路径指向的是镜像内部的路径，而非宿主机的路径。如果想使用宿主机里的配置文件，则需要修改docker-compose.standalone.yml配置文件，以使用Docker的挂载机制，如：

    yaml
    turms-gateway:
+  ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-gateway

  • 如果通过Docker Compose，则可以使用类似：

    shell
    TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path> docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate
    powershell
    $env:TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF=<your-jvm-options-file-path>;docker compose -f docker-compose.standalone.yml up --force-recreate

    注意：上述的TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF路径指向的是镜像内部的路径，而非宿主机的路径。如果想使用宿主机里的配置文件，则需要修改docker-compose.standalone.yml配置文件，以使用Docker的挂载机制，如：

    yaml
    turms-gateway:
   volumes:
     - <your-jvm-options-file-path>:/opt/turms/turms-gateway/config/jvm.options:ro

  • 修改环境变量TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_OPTS（对于turms-gateway）或TURMS_SERVICE_JVM_OPTS（对于turms-service），以在JVM配置文件的基础上，附加自定义的JVM配置，并覆盖已声明的JVM配置。具体修改方法同上，故不赘述。

    注意：该变量的格式为：-D<name>=<value> -D<name>=<value>，如：-Dspring.profiles.active=DEV -Dturms.cluster.discovery.address.advertise-host=myturms。

    • Turms服务端配置 ​

    Turms配置分为四大类：

    配置方法 ​

    1. 前文提到的TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_CONF或TURMS_SERVICE_JVM_CONF，与TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_OPTS或TURMS_SERVICE_JVM_OPTS也都可以被用来配置Turms服务端的参数。
    2. 修改application.yaml下的配置文件。具体方法：
      1. 直接修改仓库内服务端下的application.yaml文件。因为如果修改了配置源文件，那用户就不能使用Turms官方提供的Docker镜像了，并且还需要自行打包成JAR包并制作镜像，因此这种方式一般只用于本地开发测试用，不用于线上环境。
      2. 使用前文提到的Docker挂载的方式，将自定义的服务端配置文件挂载到/opt/turms/turms-gateway/config/application.yaml路径上。
    3. 调用Admin HTTP API进行修改，其路径为：PUT /cluster/settings。

    提醒：对于插件自身的配置，其配置方法跟Turms服务端的配置方法一样，除了暂时不支持使用Admin HTTP API动态修改外，同样可以基于上述的①②两个方法进行配置。举例来说，如果一个插件是给turms-gateway服务端使用的插件，那么用户可以将插件自身的配置放到turms-gateway服务端的TURMS_GATEWAY_JVM_OPTS环境变量当中。

    配置集（Profiles） ​

    如果开发者需要对同一个Turms服务端配置与切换使用不同的配置，则可以使用配置集。

    默认情况下，Turms服务端源码中硬编码的配置与application.yaml文件中指定的配置就是默认生产环境的配置。如果开发者想要切换使用其他配置集，则可以通过修改application.yaml文件中的spring.profiles.active配置来使用其他配置集。

    比如常见的用例：在本地开发调试时，想将生产环境配置，切换成默认的开发环境配置，则开发者可以将application.yaml文件中的spring.profiles.active值修改为dev，这样Turms服务端就会采用application.yaml与application-dev.yaml（默认开发环境配置）两个文件中指定的配置，且application-dev.yaml文件中的配置优先级更高，将覆盖默认配置。

    配置参数介绍 ​

    由于Turms服务端的配置项高达上百个，本小节仅对配置类别做简要的介绍。如果读者想查阅具体的配置项，可以查阅im.turms.server.common.infra.property包下的各配置类代码，或者继续浏览下文配置项小节所提供的配置项说明。

    提醒：您在本地编译turms/turms-gateway服务端项目后，编译器会生成target/classes/META-INF/spring-configuration-metadata.json文件。IntelliJ IDEA 能够自动检测到该文件，并在您输入Turms相关配置的时提供配置提示与补全功能，如下图所示：

    Tumrs Service配置 ​
    类别类字段名描述补充
    管理员APIAdminApiPropertiesadminApi管理员API接口相关配置
    客户端APIClientApiPropertiesclientApi客户端API接口相关配置
    Fake数据FakePropertiesfakeFake数据相关配置
    数据源MongoPropertiesmongoMongoDB数据库相关配置Turms完全复用MongoDB的URI配置。参考文档：
    https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/connection-string/
    TurmsRedisPropertiesredisRedis数据库相关配置
    统计StatisticsPropertiesstatistics统计相关配置
    通知NotificationPropertiesnotification通知相关配置
    文件存储StoragePropertiesstorage存储相关配置
    业务行为UserPropertiesuser用户相关配置
    GroupPropertiesgroup群组相关配置
    ConversationPropertiesconversation消息会话服务相关配置
    MessagePropertiesmessage消息服务相关配置
    Turms Gateway配置 ​
    类别类字段名描述
    管理员APIAdminApiPropertiesadminApi管理员API接口相关配置
    客户端APIClientApiPropertiesclientApi面向客户端的HTTP接入层相关配置（即ReasonController的相关配置）
    NotificationLoggingPropertiesnotificationLogging通知日志相关配置
    服务接口UdpPropertiesudpUDP服务端相关配置
    TcpPropertiestcpTCP服务端相关配置
    WebSocketPropertieswebsocketWebSocket服务端相关配置
    DiscoveryPropertiesserviceDiscovery服务发现相关配置
    Fake数据FakePropertiesfakeFake数据相关配置
    数据源MongoPropertiesmongoMongoDB数据库相关配置
    TurmsRedisPropertiesredisRedis数据库相关配置
    业务行为SimultaneousLoginPropertiessimultaneousLogin多端登录相关配置
    SessionPropertiessession会话相关配置
    Common通用配置 ​
    类字段名描述
    ClusterPropertiescluster集群相关配置。包括配置当前运行节点信息、服务发现注册信息、配置中心信息、RPC参数
    HealthCheckPropertieshealthCheck监控节点健康状态
    IpPropertiesip公网IP探测相关配置
    LocationPropertieslocation用户坐标相关配置
    LoggingPropertieslogging基础日志配置
    PluginPropertiesplugin插件相关配置
    SecurityPropertiessecurity用户与管理员密码加密相关配置
    UserStatusPropertiesuserStatus用户会话（连接）状态相关配置
    插件自身的配置 ​

    如果用户想查阅Turms服务端官方插件的配置项，可以阅读对应的插件文档，这些文档都会罗列该插件所提供的配置项。

    服务端端口号配置 ​

    服务端配置项端口作用
    turms-admin6510（HTTP）提供后台管理员系统的Web页面
    turms-service/turms-gatewayturms.cluster.connection.server.port7510（TCP）供turms-service与turms-gateway服务端的RPC使用
    turms-serviceturms.service.admin-api.http.port8510（HTTP）提供admin API与metrics API
    turms-gatewayturms.gateway.admin-api.http.port9510（HTTP）提供metrics API
    turms-gatewayturms.gateway.websocket.port10510（WebSocket）与turms-client-js客户端交互
    turms-gatewayturms.gateway.tcp.port11510（TCP）与客户端交互
    turms-gatewayturms.gateway.udp.port12510（UDP）与客户端交互（客户端均暂不支持）。
    注意：UDP服务端为实验性功能，并不在第一版发布计划中

    配置项 ​

    注意：下表不包括Turms服务端插件的配置。

    配置项全局属性可变属性数据类型默认值说明
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.address.advertise-host✅stringThe advertise address of the local node exposed to admins. (e.g. 100.131.251.96)
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.address.advertise-strategy✅enumPRIVATE_ADDRESSThe advertise strategy is used to decide which type of address should be used so that admins can access admin APIs and metrics APIs
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.address.attach-port-to-host✅booleantrueWhether to attach the local port to the host. e.g. The local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 9510 so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:9510
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.enabledbooleantrueWhether to enable the APIs for administrators
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.http.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.http.max-request-body-size-bytesint10485760
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.http.portint5510
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.log.enabled✅✅booleantrueWhether to log API calls
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.log.log-request-params✅✅booleantrueWhether to log the parameters of requests
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.rate-limiting.capacity✅✅int50The maximum number of tokens that the bucket can hold
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.rate-limiting.initial-tokens✅✅int50The initial number of tokens for new session
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.rate-limiting.refill-interval-millis✅✅int1000The time interval to refill. 0 means never refill
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.rate-limiting.tokens-per-period✅✅int50Refills the bucket with the specified number of tokens per period if the bucket is not full
    turms.ai-serving.admin-api.use-authenticationbooleantrueWhether to use authentication. If false, all HTTP requesters will personate the root user and all HTTP requests will be passed. You may set it to false when you want to manage authentication via security groups, NACL, etc
    turms.ai-serving.ocr.orientation-possibility-thresholdfloat0.8
    turms.ai-serving.ocr.preferred-fontsList-FontProperties[
    {
    "familyName": "Noto Sans CJK SC",
    "style": "BOLD"
    },
    {
    "familyName": "Noto Sans",
    "style": "BOLD"
    }
    ]
    turms.cluster.connection.client.keepalive-interval-secondsint5
    turms.cluster.connection.client.keepalive-timeout-secondsint15
    turms.cluster.connection.client.reconnect-interval-secondsint15
    turms.cluster.connection.server.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.cluster.connection.server.portint7510
    turms.cluster.connection.server.port-auto-incrementbooleanfalse
    turms.cluster.connection.server.port-countint100
    turms.cluster.discovery.address.advertise-host✅stringThe advertise address of the local node exposed to admins. (e.g. 100.131.251.96)
    turms.cluster.discovery.address.advertise-strategy✅enumPRIVATE_ADDRESSThe advertise strategy is used to decide which type of address should be used so that admins can access admin APIs and metrics APIs
    turms.cluster.discovery.address.attach-port-to-host✅booleantrueWhether to attach the local port to the host. e.g. The local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 9510 so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:9510
    turms.cluster.discovery.delay-to-notify-members-change-secondsint3Delay notifying listeners on members change. Waits for seconds to avoid thundering herd
    turms.cluster.discovery.heartbeat-interval-secondsint10
    turms.cluster.discovery.heartbeat-timeout-secondsint30
    turms.cluster.idstringturms
    turms.cluster.node.active-by-defaultbooleantrue
    turms.cluster.node.idstringThe node ID must start with a letter or underscore, and matches zero or more of characters [a-zA-Z0-9_] after the beginning. e.g. "turms001", "turms_002". A node must have a unique ID. If not specified, Turms server will generate a random unique ID
    turms.cluster.node.leader-eligiblebooleantrueOnly works when it is a turms-service node
    turms.cluster.node.namestringThe node name must start with a letter or underscore, and matches zero or more of characters [a-zA-Z0-9_] after the beginning. e.g. "turms001", "turms_002". The node name can be duplicate in the cluster. If not specified, Turms server will use the node ID as the node name
    turms.cluster.node.priorityint0The priority to be a leader
    turms.cluster.node.zonestringe.g. "us-east-1" and "ap-east-1"
    turms.cluster.rpc.request-timeout-millisint30000The timeout for RPC requests in milliseconds
    turms.flight-recorder.closed-recording-retention-periodint0A closed recording will be retained for the given period and will be removed from the file system after the retention period. 0 means no retention. -1 means unlimited retention.
    turms.gateway.admin-api.address.advertise-host✅stringThe advertise address of the local node exposed to admins. (e.g. 100.131.251.96)
    turms.gateway.admin-api.address.advertise-strategy✅enumPRIVATE_ADDRESSThe advertise strategy is used to decide which type of address should be used so that admins can access admin APIs and metrics APIs
    turms.gateway.admin-api.address.attach-port-to-host✅booleantrueWhether to attach the local port to the host. e.g. The local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 9510 so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:9510
    turms.gateway.admin-api.enabledbooleantrueWhether to enable the APIs for administrators
    turms.gateway.admin-api.http.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.gateway.admin-api.http.max-request-body-size-bytesint10485760
    turms.gateway.admin-api.http.portint9510
    turms.gateway.admin-api.log.enabled✅✅booleantrueWhether to log API calls
    turms.gateway.admin-api.log.log-request-params✅✅booleantrueWhether to log the parameters of requests
    turms.gateway.admin-api.rate-limiting.capacity✅✅int50The maximum number of tokens that the bucket can hold
    turms.gateway.admin-api.rate-limiting.initial-tokens✅✅int50The initial number of tokens for new session
    turms.gateway.admin-api.rate-limiting.refill-interval-millis✅✅int1000The time interval to refill. 0 means never refill
    turms.gateway.admin-api.rate-limiting.tokens-per-period✅✅int50Refills the bucket with the specified number of tokens per period if the bucket is not full
    turms.gateway.admin-api.use-authenticationbooleantrueWhether to use authentication. If false, all HTTP requesters will personate the root user and all HTTP requests will be passed. You may set it to false when you want to manage authentication via security groups, NACL, etc
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.excluded-notification-categoriesSet-enum[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.excluded-notification-typesSet-enum[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.excluded-request-categoriesSet-enum[]Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.excluded-request-typesSet-enum[]Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.heartbeat-sample-ratefloat0
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.included-notification-categoriesLinkedHashSet-LoggingCategoryProperties[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.included-notificationsLinkedHashSet-LoggingRequestProperties[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.included-request-categoriesLinkedHashSet-LoggingCategoryProperties[
    {
    "category": "ALL",
    "sampleRate": 1
    }
    ]    		Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.logging.included-requestsLinkedHashSet-LoggingRequestProperties[]Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.gateway.client-api.max-request-size-bytesint16384The client session will be closed and may be blocked if it tries to send a request larger than the size. Note: The average size of turms requests is 16~64 bytes
    turms.gateway.client-api.rate-limiting.capacity✅✅int50The maximum number of tokens that the bucket can hold
    turms.gateway.client-api.rate-limiting.initial-tokens✅✅int50The initial number of tokens for new session
    turms.gateway.client-api.rate-limiting.refill-interval-millis✅✅int1000The time interval to refill. 0 means never refill
    turms.gateway.client-api.rate-limiting.tokens-per-period✅✅int1Refills the bucket with the specified number of tokens per period if the bucket is not full
    turms.gateway.client-api.return-reason-for-server-errorbooleanfalseWhether to return the reason for the server error to the client. Note: 1. It may reveal sensitive data like the IP of internal servers if true; 2. turms-gateway never return the information of stack traces no matter it is true or false.
    turms.gateway.fake.enabledbooleanfalseWhether to fake clients. Note that faking only works in non-production environments
    turms.gateway.fake.first-user-idlong100
    turms.gateway.fake.request-count-per-intervalint10The number of requests to send per interval. If requestIntervalMillis is 1000, requestCountPerInterval is TPS in fact
    turms.gateway.fake.request-interval-millisint1000The interval to send request
    turms.gateway.fake.user-countint10Run the number of real clients as faked users with an ID from [firstUserId, firstUserId + userCount) to connect to turms-gateway. So please ensure you have set "turms.service.fake.userCount" to a number larger than or equal to (firstUserId + userCount)
    turms.gateway.notification-logging.enabledbooleanfalseWhether to parse the buffer of TurmsNotification to log. Note that the property has an impact on performance
    turms.gateway.service-discovery.advertise-host✅stringThe advertise address of the local node exposed to the public. The property can be used to advertise the DDoS Protected IP address to hide the origin IP address (e.g. 100.131.251.96)
    turms.gateway.service-discovery.advertise-strategy✅enumPRIVATE_ADDRESSThe advertise strategy is used to help clients or load balancing servers to access the local node. Note: For security, do NOT use "PUBLIC_ADDRESS" in production to prevent from exposing the origin IP address for DDoS attack.
    turms.gateway.service-discovery.attach-port-to-host✅booleantrueWhether to attach the local port to the host. For example, if the local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 10510, so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:10510
    turms.gateway.service-discovery.identity✅stringThe identity of the local node will be sent to clients as a notification if identity is not blank and "turms.gateway.session.notifyClientsOfSessionInfoAfterConnected" is true (e.g. "turms-east-0001")
    turms.gateway.session.client-heartbeat-interval-seconds✅✅int60The client heartbeat interval. Note that the value will NOT change the actual heartbeat behavior of clients, and the value is only used to facilitate related operations of turms-gateway
    turms.gateway.session.close-idle-session-after-seconds✅✅int180A session will be closed if turms server does not receive any request (including heartbeat request) from the client during closeIdleSessionAfterSeconds. References: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzAwNDY1ODY2OQ==&mid=207243549&idx=1&sn=4ebe4beb8123f1b5ab58810ac8bc5994&scene=0#rd
    turms.gateway.session.device-details.expire-after-secondsint2592000Device details information will expire after the specified time has elapsed. 0 means never expire
    turms.gateway.session.device-details.items✅✅List-DeviceDetailsItemProperties[]
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.enabled✅✅booleantrueWhether to authenticate and authorize users when logging in. Note that user ID is always required even if enabled is false. If false at startup, turms-gateway will not connect to the MongoDB server for user records
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.body-fieldsMap{
    "authenticated": true
    }
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.headersMap{}
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.status-codesSet-string[
    "2??"
    ]
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.headersMap{}
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.http-methodenumGET
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.timeout-millisint30000
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.urlstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa256.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa256.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa256.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa256.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa384.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa384.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa384.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa384.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa512.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa512.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa512.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ecdsa512.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac256.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac256.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac256.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac256.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac384.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac384.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac384.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac384.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac512.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac512.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac512.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.hmac512.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps256.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps256.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps256.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps256.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps384.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps384.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps384.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps384.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps512.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps512.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps512.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.ps512.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa256.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa256.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa256.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa256.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa384.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa384.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa384.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa384.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa512.p12.file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa512.p12.key-aliasstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa512.p12.passwordstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.algorithm.rsa512.pem-file-pathstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.authentication.expectation.custom-payload-claimsMap{
    "authenticated": true
    }
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.verification.audiencestring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.verification.custom-payload-claimsMap{}
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.jwt.verification.issuerstring
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.hoststringlocalhostThe host of LDAP server for admin
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.passwordstringThe administrator's password for binding
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.portint389The port of LDAP server for admin
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.usernamestringThe administrator's username for binding
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.base-dnstringThe base DN from which all operations originate
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.hoststringlocalhostThe host of LDAP server for user
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.portint389The port of LDAP server for user
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.search-filterstringuid=$The search filter to find the user entry. "${userId}" is a placeholder and will be replaced with the user ID passed in the login request
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.typeenumPASSWORDNote that if the type is not PASSWORD, turms-gateway will not connect to the MongoDB server for user records
    turms.gateway.session.min-heartbeat-interval-seconds✅✅int18The minimum interval to refresh the heartbeat status by client requests to avoid refreshing the heartbeat status frequently
    turms.gateway.session.notify-clients-of-session-info-after-connected✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify clients of the session information after connected with the server
    turms.gateway.session.switch-protocol-after-seconds✅✅int540If the turms server only receives heartbeat requests from the client during switchProtocolAfterSeconds, the TCP/WebSocket connection will be closed with the close status "SWITCH" to indicate the client should keep sending heartbeat requests over UDP if they want to keep online. Note: 1. The property only works if UDP is enabled; 2. For browser clients, UDP is not supported
    turms.gateway.simultaneous-login.allow-device-type-others-login✅✅booleantrueWhether to allow the devices of DeviceType.OTHERS to login
    turms.gateway.simultaneous-login.allow-device-type-unknown-login✅✅booleantrueWhether to allow the devices of DeviceType.UNKNOWN to login
    turms.gateway.simultaneous-login.login-conflict-strategy✅✅enumDISCONNECT_LOGGED_IN_DEVICESThe login conflict strategy is used for servers to know how to behave if a device is logging in when there are conflicted and logged-in devices
    turms.gateway.simultaneous-login.strategy✅✅enumALLOW_ONE_DEVICE_OF_EACH_DEVICE_TYPE_ONLINEThe simultaneous login strategy is used to control which devices can be online at the same time
    turms.gateway.tcp.backlogint4096The maximum number of connection requests waiting in the backlog queue. Large enough to handle bursts and GC pauses but do not set too large to prevent SYN-Flood attacks
    turms.gateway.tcp.connect-timeout-millisint30000Used to mitigate the Slowloris DoS attack by lowering the timeout for the TCP connection handshake
    turms.gateway.tcp.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.gateway.tcp.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.gateway.tcp.portint-1
    turms.gateway.tcp.remote-address-source.proxy-protocol-modeenumOPTIONAL
    turms.gateway.tcp.session.close-timeout-millisint120000turms-gateway will send a TCP RST packet to the connection if the client has not closed the TCP connection within the specified time after turms-gateway has sent and flushed the session close notification. 0 means sending a TCP RST packet immediately after flushing the session close notification, and you should use 0 if you prefer fast connection close, but the client may never receive the last data sent by turms-gateway. -1 means no timeout and waiting for the client to close the connection forever. Positive value should be used when you prefer that turms-gateway waits for the client to receive within the specified time data and only close the connection when it exceeds the timeout
    turms.gateway.tcp.session.establish-timeout-millisint300000turms-gateway will close the TCP connection if the client has not established a user session within the specified time. 0 means no timeout
    turms.gateway.tcp.wiretapbooleanfalse
    turms.gateway.udp.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.gateway.udp.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.gateway.udp.portint-1
    turms.gateway.websocket.backlogint4096The maximum number of connection requests waiting in the backlog queue. Large enough to handle bursts and GC pauses but do not set too large to prevent SYN-Flood attacks
    turms.gateway.websocket.connect-timeout-millisint30000Used to mitigate the Slowloris DoS attack by lowering the timeout for the TCP connection handshake
    turms.gateway.websocket.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.gateway.websocket.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.gateway.websocket.portint-1
    turms.gateway.websocket.remote-address-source.http-header-modeenumOPTIONAL
    turms.gateway.websocket.remote-address-source.proxy-protocol-modeenumOPTIONAL
    turms.gateway.websocket.session.close-timeout-millisint120000turms-gateway will send and flush a WebSocket close frame, and then send a TCP RST packet to the connection if the client has not closed the WebSocket connection within the specified time after turms-gateway has sent and flushed the session close notification. 0 means sending and flushing a WebSocket close frame, and then sending a TCP RST packet immediately after flushing the session close notification, and you should use 0 if you prefer fast connection close, but the client may never receive the last data sent by turms-gateway. -1 means no timeout and waiting for the client to close the connection forever. Positive value should be used when you prefer that turms-gateway waits for the client to receive within the specified time data and only close the connection when it exceeds the timeout
    turms.gateway.websocket.session.establish-timeout-millisint300000turms-gateway will close the WebSocket connection if the client has not established a user session within the specified time. 0 means no timeout
    turms.health-check.check-interval-secondsint3
    turms.health-check.cpu.retriesint5
    turms.health-check.cpu.unhealthy-load-threshold-percentageint95
    turms.health-check.memory.direct-memory-warning-threshold-percentageint50Log warning messages if the used direct memory exceeds the max direct memory of the percentage
    turms.health-check.memory.heap-memory-gc-threshold-percentageint60If the used memory has used the reserved memory specified by maxAvailableMemoryPercentage and minFreeSystemMemoryBytes, try to start GC when the used heap memory exceeds the max heap memory of the percentage
    turms.health-check.memory.heap-memory-warning-threshold-percentageint95Log warning messages if the used heap memory exceeds the max heap memory of the percentage
    turms.health-check.memory.max-available-direct-memory-percentageint95The server will refuse to serve when the used direct memory exceeds the max direct memory of the percentage to try to avoid OutOfMemoryError
    turms.health-check.memory.max-available-memory-percentageint95The server will refuse to serve when the used memory (heap memory + JVM internal non-heap memory + direct buffer pool) exceeds the physical memory of the percentage. The server will try to reserve max(maxAvailableMemoryPercentage of the physical memory, minFreeSystemMemoryBytes) for kernel and other processes. Note that the max available memory percentage does not conflict with the usage of limiting memory in docker because docker limits the memory of the container, while this memory percentage only limits the available memory for JVM
    turms.health-check.memory.min-free-system-memory-bytesint134217728The server will refuse to serve when the free system memory is less than minFreeSystemMemoryBytes
    turms.health-check.memory.min-heap-memory-gc-interval-secondsint10
    turms.health-check.memory.min-memory-warning-interval-secondsint10
    turms.ip.cached-private-ip-expire-after-millis✅int60000The cached private IP will expire after the specified time has elapsed. 0 means no cache
    turms.ip.cached-public-ip-expire-after-millis✅int60000The cached public IP will expire after the specified time has elapsed. 0 means no cache
    turms.ip.public-ip-detector-addresses✅List-string[
    "https://checkip.amazonaws.com",
    "https://whatismyip.akamai.com",
    "https://ifconfig.me/ip",
    "https://myip.dnsomatic.com"
    ]    		The public IP detectors will only be used to query the public IP of the local node if needed (e.g. If the node discovery property "advertiseStrategy" is "PUBLIC_ADDRESS". Note that the HTTP response body must be a string of IP instead of a JSON
    turms.location.enabledbooleantrueWhether to handle users' locations
    turms.location.nearby-user-request.default-max-distance-meters✅✅int10000The default maximum allowed distance in meters
    turms.location.nearby-user-request.default-max-nearby-user-count✅✅short20The default maximum allowed number of nearby users
    turms.location.nearby-user-request.max-distance-meters✅✅int10000The maximum allowed distance in meters
    turms.location.nearby-user-request.max-nearby-user-count✅✅short100The maximum allowed number of nearby users
    turms.location.treat-user-id-and-device-type-as-unique-userbooleanfalseWhether to treat the pair of user ID and device type as a unique user when querying users nearby. If false, only the user ID is used to identify a unique user
    turms.logging.console.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.logging.console.levelenumINFO
    turms.logging.file.compression.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.logging.file.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.logging.file.file-pathstring@HOME/log/.log
    turms.logging.file.levelenumINFO
    turms.logging.file.max-file-size-mbint32
    turms.logging.file.max-filesint320
    turms.plugin.dirstringpluginsThe relative path of plugins
    turms.plugin.enabledbooleantrueWhether to enable plugins
    turms.plugin.java.allow-savebooleanfalseWhether to allow to save plugins using HTTP API
    turms.plugin.js.allow-savebooleanfalseWhether to allow to save plugins using HTTP API
    turms.plugin.js.debug.enabledbooleanfalseWhether to enable debugging
    turms.plugin.js.debug.inspect-hoststringlocalhostThe inspect host
    turms.plugin.js.debug.inspect-portint24242The inspect port
    turms.plugin.network.pluginsList-NetworkPluginProperties[]
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.connect-timeout-millisint60000The HTTP proxy connect timeout in millis
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.enabledbooleanfalseWhether to enable HTTP proxy
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.hoststringThe HTTP proxy host
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.passwordstringThe HTTP proxy password
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.portint8080The HTTP proxy port
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.usernamestringThe HTTP proxy username
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.corrupted-frame.block-levelsList-BlockLevel[
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 1800,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 3600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 0,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    }
    ]
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.corrupted-frame.block-trigger-timesint5Block the client when the block condition is triggered the times
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.corrupted-frame.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.corrupted-request.block-levelsList-BlockLevel[
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 1800,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 3600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 0,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    }
    ]
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.corrupted-request.block-trigger-timesint5Block the client when the block condition is triggered the times
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.corrupted-request.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.frequent-request.block-levelsList-BlockLevel[
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 1800,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 3600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 0,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    }
    ]
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.frequent-request.block-trigger-timesint5Block the client when the block condition is triggered the times
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.auto-block.frequent-request.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.security.blocklist.ip.sync-blocklist-interval-millisint10000
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.corrupted-frame.block-levelsList-BlockLevel[
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 1800,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 3600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 0,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    }
    ]
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.corrupted-frame.block-trigger-timesint5Block the client when the block condition is triggered the times
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.corrupted-frame.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.corrupted-request.block-levelsList-BlockLevel[
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 1800,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 3600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 0,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    }
    ]
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.corrupted-request.block-trigger-timesint5Block the client when the block condition is triggered the times
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.corrupted-request.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.frequent-request.block-levelsList-BlockLevel[
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 1800,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 1,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    },
    {
    "blockDurationSeconds": 3600,
    "goNextLevelTriggerTimes": 0,
    "reduceOneTriggerTimeIntervalMillis": 60000
    }
    ]
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.frequent-request.block-trigger-timesint5Block the client when the block condition is triggered the times
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.auto-block.frequent-request.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.security.blocklist.user-id.sync-blocklist-interval-millisint10000
    turms.security.password.admin-password-encoding-algorithmenumBCRYPTThe password encoding algorithm for admins
    turms.security.password.initial-root-passwordstringThe initial password of the root user
    turms.security.password.user-password-encoding-algorithmenumSALTED_SHA256The password encoding algorithm for users
    turms.service.admin-api.address.advertise-host✅stringThe advertise address of the local node exposed to admins. (e.g. 100.131.251.96)
    turms.service.admin-api.address.advertise-strategy✅enumPRIVATE_ADDRESSThe advertise strategy is used to decide which type of address should be used so that admins can access admin APIs and metrics APIs
    turms.service.admin-api.address.attach-port-to-host✅booleantrueWhether to attach the local port to the host. e.g. The local host is 100.131.251.96, and the port is 9510 so the service address will be 100.131.251.96:9510
    turms.service.admin-api.allow-delete-without-filter✅✅booleanfalseWhether to allow administrators to delete data without any filter. Better false to prevent administrators from deleting all data by accident
    turms.service.admin-api.default-available-records-per-request✅✅int10The default available records per query request
    turms.service.admin-api.enabledbooleantrueWhether to enable the APIs for administrators
    turms.service.admin-api.http.hoststring0.0.0.0
    turms.service.admin-api.http.max-request-body-size-bytesint10485760
    turms.service.admin-api.http.portint8510
    turms.service.admin-api.log.enabled✅✅booleantrueWhether to log API calls
    turms.service.admin-api.log.log-request-params✅✅booleantrueWhether to log the parameters of requests
    turms.service.admin-api.max-available-online-users-status-per-request✅✅int20The maximum available online users' status per query request
    turms.service.admin-api.max-available-records-per-request✅✅int1000The maximum available records per query request
    turms.service.admin-api.max-day-difference-per-count-request✅✅int31The maximum day difference per count request
    turms.service.admin-api.max-day-difference-per-request✅✅int90The maximum day difference per query request
    turms.service.admin-api.max-hour-difference-per-count-request✅✅int24The maximum hour difference per count request
    turms.service.admin-api.max-month-difference-per-count-request✅✅int12The maximum month difference per count request
    turms.service.admin-api.rate-limiting.capacity✅✅int50The maximum number of tokens that the bucket can hold
    turms.service.admin-api.rate-limiting.initial-tokens✅✅int50The initial number of tokens for new session
    turms.service.admin-api.rate-limiting.refill-interval-millis✅✅int1000The time interval to refill. 0 means never refill
    turms.service.admin-api.rate-limiting.tokens-per-period✅✅int50Refills the bucket with the specified number of tokens per period if the bucket is not full
    turms.service.admin-api.use-authenticationbooleantrueWhether to use authentication. If false, all HTTP requesters will personate the root user and all HTTP requests will be passed. You may set it to false when you want to manage authentication via security groups, NACL, etc
    turms.service.client-api.disabled-endpointsSet-enum[]The disabled endpoints for client requests. Return ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT if a client tries to access them
    turms.service.client-api.logging.excluded-notification-categoriesSet-enum[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.excluded-notification-typesSet-enum[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.excluded-request-categoriesSet-enum[]Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.excluded-request-typesSet-enum[]Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.included-notification-categoriesLinkedHashSet-LoggingCategoryProperties[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.included-notificationsLinkedHashSet-LoggingRequestProperties[]Turms will get the notifications to log from the union of "includedNotificationCategories" and "includedNotifications" except the notifications included in "excludedNotificationCategories" and "excludedNotificationTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.included-request-categoriesLinkedHashSet-LoggingCategoryProperties[
    {
    "category": "ALL",
    "sampleRate": 1
    }
    ]    		Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.service.client-api.logging.included-requestsLinkedHashSet-LoggingRequestProperties[]Turms will get the requests to log from the union of "includedRequestCategories" and "includedRequests" except the requests included in "excludedRequestCategories" and "excludedRequestTypes"
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.allow-move-read-date-forward✅✅booleanfalseWhether to allow to move the last read date forward
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.enabled✅✅booleantrueWhether to allow to update the last read date
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.update-read-date-after-message-sent✅✅booleantrueWhether to update the read date after a user sent a message
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.update-read-date-when-user-querying-message✅✅booleanfalseWhether to update the read date when a user queries messages
    turms.service.conversation.read-receipt.use-server-time✅✅booleantrueWhether to use the server time to set the last read date when updating
    turms.service.conversation.typing-status.enabled✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify users of typing statuses sent by other users
    turms.service.fake.clear-all-collections-before-fakingbooleanfalseWhether to clear all collections before faking at startup
    turms.service.fake.enabledbooleanfalseWhether to fake data. Note that faking only works in non-production environments
    turms.service.fake.fake-if-collection-existsbooleanfalseWhether to fake data even if the collection has already existed
    turms.service.fake.user-countint1000the total number of users to fake
    turms.service.group.activate-group-when-created✅✅booleantrueWhether to activate a group when created by default
    turms.service.group.delete-group-logically-by-default✅✅booleantrueWhether to delete groups logically by default
    turms.service.group.invitation.allow-recall-pending-invitation-by-owner-and-manager✅✅booleanfalseWhether to allow the owner and managers of a group to recall pending group invitations
    turms.service.group.invitation.delete-expired-invitations-when-cron-triggered✅✅booleanfalseWhether to delete expired group invitations when the cron expression is triggered
    turms.service.group.invitation.expire-after-seconds✅✅int2592000A group invitation will become expired after the specified time has passed
    turms.service.group.invitation.expired-invitations-cleanup-cronstring0 15 2 * * *Clean the expired group invitations when the cron expression is triggered if "deleteExpiredInvitationsWhenCronTriggered" is true
    turms.service.group.invitation.max-content-length✅✅int200The maximum allowed length for the text of a group invitation
    turms.service.group.join-request.allow-recall-join-request-sent-by-oneself✅✅booleanfalseWhether to allow users to recall the join requests sent by themselves
    turms.service.group.join-request.delete-expired-join-requests-when-cron-triggered✅✅booleanfalseWhether to delete expired group join requests when the cron expression is triggered
    turms.service.group.join-request.expire-after-seconds✅✅int2592000A group join request will become expired after the specified time has elapsed
    turms.service.group.join-request.expired-join-requests-cleanup-cronstring0 30 2 * * *Clean the expired group join requests when the cron expression is triggered if "deleteExpiredJoinRequestsWhenCronTriggered" is true
    turms.service.group.join-request.max-content-length✅✅int200The maximum allowed length for the text of a group join request
    turms.service.group.member-cache-expire-after-seconds✅int15The group member cache will expire after the specified seconds. If 0, no group member cache
    turms.service.group.question.answer-content-limit✅✅int50The maximum allowed length for the text of a group question's answer
    turms.service.group.question.max-answer-count✅✅int10The maximum number of answers for a group question
    turms.service.group.question.question-content-limit✅✅int200The maximum allowed length for the text of a group question
    turms.service.message.allow-edit-message-by-sender✅✅booleantrueWhether to allow the sender of a message to edit the message
    turms.service.message.allow-recall-message✅✅booleantrueWhether to allow users to recall messages. Note: To recall messages, more system resources are needed
    turms.service.message.allow-send-messages-to-oneself✅✅booleanfalseWhether to allow users to send messages to themselves
    turms.service.message.allow-send-messages-to-stranger✅✅booleantrueWhether to allow users to send messages to a stranger
    turms.service.message.available-recall-duration-seconds✅✅int300The available recall duration for the sender of a message
    turms.service.message.cache.sent-message-cache-max-sizeint10240The maximum size of the cache of sent messages.
    turms.service.message.cache.sent-message-expire-afterint30The retention period of sent messages in the cache. For a better performance, it is a good practice to keep the value greater than the allowed recall duration
    turms.service.message.check-if-target-active-and-not-deleted✅✅booleantrueWhether to check if the target (recipient or group) of a message is active and not deleted
    turms.service.message.default-available-messages-number-with-total✅✅int1The default available messages number with the "total" field that users request
    turms.service.message.delete-message-logically-by-default✅✅booleantrueWhether to delete messages logically by default
    turms.service.message.expired-messages-cleanup-cronstring0 45 2 * * *Clean the expired messages when the cron expression is triggered
    turms.service.message.is-recalled-message-visible✅✅booleanfalseWhether to respond with recalled messages to clients' message query requests
    turms.service.message.max-records-size-bytes✅✅int15728640The maximum allowed size for the records of a message
    turms.service.message.max-text-limit✅✅int500The maximum allowed length for the text of a message
    turms.service.message.message-retention-period-hours✅✅int0A message will be retained for the given period and will be removed from the database after the retention period
    turms.service.message.persist-message✅✅booleantrueWhether to persist messages in databases. Note: If false, senders will not get the message ID after the message has sent and cannot edit it
    turms.service.message.persist-pre-message-id✅✅booleanfalseWhether to persist the previous message ID of messages in databases
    turms.service.message.persist-record✅✅booleanfalseWhether to persist the records of messages in databases
    turms.service.message.persist-sender-ip✅✅booleanfalseWhether to persist the sender IP of messages in databases
    turms.service.message.sequence-id.use-sequence-id-for-group-conversation✅booleanfalseWhether to use the sequence ID for group conversations so that the client can be aware of the loss of messages. Note that the property has a significant impact on performance
    turms.service.message.sequence-id.use-sequence-id-for-private-conversation✅booleanfalseWhether to use the sequence ID for private conversations so that the client can be aware of the loss of messages. Note that the property has a significant impact on performance
    turms.service.message.time-type✅✅enumLOCAL_SERVER_TIMEThe time type for the delivery time of message
    turms.service.message.use-conversation-id✅booleanfalseWhether to use conversation ID so that a user can query the messages sent by themselves in a conversation quickly
    turms.service.mongo.admin.optional-index.admin.registration-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.admin.optional-index.admin.role-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-blocked-user.block-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-blocked-user.requester-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-invitation.group-idbooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-invitation.inviter-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-invitation.response-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-join-request.creation-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-join-request.group-idbooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-join-request.responder-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-join-request.response-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-member.join-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group-member.mute-end-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group.creation-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group.creator-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group.deletion-datebooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group.mute-end-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group.owner-idbooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.group.optional-index.group.type-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.message.optional-index.message.deletion-datebooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.message.optional-index.message.reference-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.message.optional-index.message.sender-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.message.optional-index.message.sender-ipbooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.message.tiered-storage.auto-range-updater.cronstring0 0 3 * * *
    turms.service.mongo.message.tiered-storage.auto-range-updater.enabled✅✅booleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.message.tiered-storage.enabledbooleantrue
    turms.service.mongo.message.tiered-storage.tiersLinkedHashMap{
    "cold": {
    "days": 270,
    "enabled": true,
    "shards": [
    ""
    ]
    },
    "frozen": {
    "days": 0,
    "enabled": true,
    "shards": [
    ""
    ]
    },
    "hot": {
    "days": 30,
    "enabled": true,
    "shards": [
    ""
    ]
    },
    "warm": {
    "days": 60,
    "enabled": true,
    "shards": [
    ""
    ]
    }
    }    		The storage properties for tiers from hot to cold. Note that the order of the tiers is important
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-friend-request.recipient-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-friend-request.requester-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-friend-request.response-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-relationship-group-member.group-indexbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-relationship-group-member.join-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-relationship-group-member.related-user-idbooleanfalse
    turms.service.mongo.user.optional-index.user-relationship.establishment-datebooleanfalse
    turms.service.notification.friend-request-created.notify-friend-request-recipient✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the recipient when the requester has created a friend request
    turms.service.notification.friend-request-created.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have created a friend request
    turms.service.notification.friend-request-replied.notify-friend-request-requester✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester when a recipient has replied to the friend request sent by the requester
    turms.service.notification.friend-request-replied.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have replied to a friend request
    turms.service.notification.group-blocked-user-added.notify-blocked-user✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify the user when they have been blocked by a group
    turms.service.notification.group-blocked-user-added.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify group members when a user has been blocked by a group
    turms.service.notification.group-blocked-user-added.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have added a blocked user to a group
    turms.service.notification.group-blocked-user-removed.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify group members when a user is unblocked by a group
    turms.service.notification.group-blocked-user-removed.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have removed a blocked user from a group
    turms.service.notification.group-blocked-user-removed.notify-unblocked-user✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify the user when they are unblocked by a group
    turms.service.notification.group-conversation-read-date-updated.notify-other-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify other group members when a group member has updated their read date in a group conversation
    turms.service.notification.group-conversation-read-date-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated the read date in a group conversation
    turms.service.notification.group-created.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have created a group
    turms.service.notification.group-deleted.notify-group-members✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify group members when a group owner has updated their group
    turms.service.notification.group-deleted.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have deleted a group
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-added.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify group members when a user has been invited
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-added.notify-group-owner-and-managers✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the group owner and managers when a user has been invited
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-added.notify-invitee✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the user when they have been invited by a group member
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-added.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have invited a user to a group
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-recalled.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify group members when an invitation has been recalled
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-recalled.notify-group-owner-and-managers✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the group owner and managers when an invitation has been recalled
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-recalled.notify-invitee✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the invitee when a group member has recalled their received group invitation
    turms.service.notification.group-invitation-recalled.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have recalled a group invitation
    turms.service.notification.group-join-request-created.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify group members when a user has created a group join request for their group
    turms.service.notification.group-join-request-created.notify-group-owner-and-managers✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the group owner and managers when a user has created a group join request for their group
    turms.service.notification.group-join-request-created.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have created a group join request
    turms.service.notification.group-join-request-recalled.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify group members when a user has recalled a group join request for their group
    turms.service.notification.group-join-request-recalled.notify-group-owner-and-managers✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the group owner and managers when a user has recalled a group join request for their group
    turms.service.notification.group-join-request-recalled.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have recalled a group join request
    turms.service.notification.group-member-added.notify-added-group-member✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the group member when added by others
    turms.service.notification.group-member-added.notify-other-group-members✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify other group members when a group member has been added
    turms.service.notification.group-member-added.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have added a group member
    turms.service.notification.group-member-info-updated.notify-other-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify other group members when a group member's information has been updated
    turms.service.notification.group-member-info-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated their group member information
    turms.service.notification.group-member-info-updated.notify-updated-group-member✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify the group member when others have updated their group member information
    turms.service.notification.group-member-online-status-updated.notify-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify other group members when a member's online status has been updated
    turms.service.notification.group-member-removed.notify-other-group-members✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify other group members when a group member has been removed
    turms.service.notification.group-member-removed.notify-removed-group-member✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the group member when removed by others
    turms.service.notification.group-member-removed.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they removed a group member
    turms.service.notification.group-updated.notify-group-members✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify group members when the group owner or managers have updated their group
    turms.service.notification.group-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated a group
    turms.service.notification.message-created.notify-message-recipients✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the message recipients when a sender has created a message to them
    turms.service.notification.message-created.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have created a message
    turms.service.notification.message-updated.notify-message-recipients✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the message recipients when a sender has updated a message sent to them
    turms.service.notification.message-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated a message
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-deleted.notify-relationship-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify members when a one-side relationship group owner has deleted the group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-deleted.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have deleted a relationship group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-member-added.notify-new-relationship-group-member✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify the new member when a user has added them to their one-sided relationship group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-member-added.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have added a new member to their one-sided relationship group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-member-removed.notify-removed-relationship-group-member✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify the removed member when a user has removed them from their one-sided relationship group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-member-removed.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have removed a new member from their one-sided relationship group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-updated.notify-relationship-group-members✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify members when a one-side relationship group owner has updated the group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-group-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated a relationship group
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-updated.notify-related-user✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify the related user when a user has updated a one-sided relationship with them
    turms.service.notification.one-sided-relationship-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated a one-sided relationship
    turms.service.notification.private-conversation-read-date-updated.notify-contact✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify another contact when a contact has updated their read date in a private conversation
    turms.service.notification.private-conversation-read-date-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated the read date in a private conversation
    turms.service.notification.user-info-updated.notify-non-blocked-related-users✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify non-blocked related users when a user has updated their information
    turms.service.notification.user-info-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated their information
    turms.service.notification.user-online-status-updated.notify-non-blocked-related-users✅✅booleanfalseWhether to notify non-blocked related users when a user has updated their online status
    turms.service.notification.user-online-status-updated.notify-requester-other-online-sessions✅✅booleantrueWhether to notify the requester's other online sessions when they have updated their online status
    turms.service.push-notification.apns.bundle-idstring
    turms.service.push-notification.apns.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.service.push-notification.apns.key-idstring
    turms.service.push-notification.apns.sandbox-enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.service.push-notification.apns.signing-keystring
    turms.service.push-notification.apns.team-idstring
    turms.service.push-notification.fcm.credentialsstring
    turms.service.push-notification.fcm.enabledbooleanfalse
    turms.service.statistics.log-online-users-number✅✅booleantrueWhether to log online users number
    turms.service.statistics.online-users-number-logging-cronstring0/15 * * * * *The cron expression to specify the time to log online users' number
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.allowed-content-typestringimage/*The allowed "Content-Type" of the resource that the client can upload
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.allowed-referrersList-string[]Restrict access to the resource to only allow the specific referrers (e.g. "https://github.com/turms-im/turms/*")
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.download-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.expire-after-daysint0Delete the resource the specific days after creation. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.max-size-bytesint1048576The maximum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.min-size-bytesint0The minimum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture.upload-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.allowed-content-typestring/The allowed "Content-Type" of the resource that the client can upload
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.allowed-referrersList-string[]Restrict access to the resource to only allow the specific referrers (e.g. "https://github.com/turms-im/turms/*")
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.download-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.expire-after-daysint0Delete the resource the specific days after creation. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.max-size-bytesint1048576The maximum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.min-size-bytesint0The minimum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment.upload-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.allowed-content-typestringimage/*The allowed "Content-Type" of the resource that the client can upload
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.allowed-referrersList-string[]Restrict access to the resource to only allow the specific referrers (e.g. "https://github.com/turms-im/turms/*")
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.download-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.expire-after-daysint0Delete the resource the specific days after creation. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.max-size-bytesint1048576The maximum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.min-size-bytesint0The minimum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.upload-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.user.activate-user-when-added✅✅booleantrueWhether to activate a user when added by default
    turms.service.user.delete-two-sided-relationships✅✅booleanfalseWhether to delete the two-sided relationships when a user requests to delete a relationship
    turms.service.user.delete-user-logically✅✅booleantrueWhether to delete a user logically
    turms.service.user.friend-request.allow-send-request-after-declined-or-ignored-or-expired✅✅booleanfalseWhether to allow resending a friend request after the previous request has been declined, ignored, or expired
    turms.service.user.friend-request.delete-expired-requests-when-cron-triggered✅✅booleanfalseWhether to delete expired when the cron expression is triggered
    turms.service.user.friend-request.expired-user-friend-requests-cleanup-cronstring0 0 2 * * *Clean expired friend requests when the cron expression is triggered if deleteExpiredRequestsWhenCronTriggered is true
    turms.service.user.friend-request.friend-request-expire-after-seconds✅✅int2592000A friend request will become expired after the specified time has elapsed
    turms.service.user.friend-request.max-content-length✅✅int200The maximum allowed length for the text of a friend request
    turms.service.user.max-intro-length✅✅int100The maximum allowed length for a user's intro
    turms.service.user.max-name-length✅✅int20The maximum allowed length for a user's name
    turms.service.user.max-password-length✅✅int16The maximum allowed length for a user's password
    turms.service.user.max-profile-picture-length✅✅int100The maximum allowed length for a user's profile picture
    turms.service.user.min-password-length✅✅int-1The minimum allowed length for a user's password. If 0, it means the password can be an empty string "". If -1, it means the password can be null
    turms.service.user.respond-offline-if-invisible✅✅booleanfalseWhether to respond to client with the OFFLINE status if a user is in INVISIBLE status
    turms.shutdown.job-timeout-millislong120000Wait for a job 2 minutes at most for extreme cases by default. Though it is a long time, graceful shutdown is usually better than force shutdown.
    turms.user-status.cache-user-sessions-statusbooleantrueWhether to cache the user sessions status
    turms.user-status.user-sessions-status-cache-max-sizeint-1The maximum size of the cache of users' sessions status
    turms.user-status.user-sessions-status-expire-afterint60The life duration of each remote user's sessions status in the cache. Note that the cache will make the presentation of users' sessions status inconsistent during the time
    typestringimage/*The allowed "Content-Type" of the resource that the client can upload
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.allowed-referrersList-string[]Restrict access to the resource to only allow the specific referrers (e.g. "https://github.com/turms-im/turms/*")
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.download-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.expire-after-daysint0Delete the resource the specific days after creation. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.max-size-bytesint1048576The maximum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.min-size-bytesint0The minimum size of the resource that the client can upload. 0 means no limit
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.upload-url-expire-after-secondsint300The presigned URLs are valid only for the specified duration. 0 means no expiration
    turms.service.user.activate-user-when-added✅✅booleantrueWhether to activate a user when added by default
    turms.service.user.delete-two-sided-relationships✅✅booleanfalseWhether to delete the two-sided relationships when a user requests to delete a relationship
    turms.service.user.delete-user-logically✅✅booleantrueWhether to delete a user logically
    turms.service.user.friend-request.allow-send-request-after-declined-or-ignored-or-expired✅✅booleanfalseWhether to allow resending a friend request after the previous request has been declined, ignored, or expired
    turms.service.user.friend-request.delete-expired-requests-when-cron-triggered✅✅booleanfalseWhether to delete expired when the cron expression is triggered
    turms.service.user.friend-request.expired-user-friend-requests-cleanup-cronstring0 0 2 * * *Clean expired friend requests when the cron expression is triggered if deleteExpiredRequestsWhenCronTriggered is true
    turms.service.user.friend-request.friend-request-expire-after-seconds✅✅int2592000A friend request will become expired after the specified time has elapsed
    turms.service.user.friend-request.max-content-length✅✅int200The maximum allowed length for the text of a friend request
    turms.service.user.max-intro-length✅✅int100The maximum allowed length for a user's intro
    turms.service.user.max-name-length✅✅int20The maximum allowed length for a user's name
    turms.service.user.max-password-length✅✅int16The maximum allowed length for a user's password
    turms.service.user.max-profile-picture-length✅✅int100The maximum allowed length for a user's profile picture
    turms.service.user.min-password-length✅✅int-1The minimum allowed length for a user's password. If 0, it means the password can be an empty string "". If -1, it means the password can be null
    turms.service.user.respond-offline-if-invisible✅✅booleanfalseWhether to respond to client with the OFFLINE status if a user is in INVISIBLE status
    turms.shutdown.job-timeout-millislong120000Wait for a job 2 minutes at most for extreme cases by default. Though it is a long time, graceful shutdown is usually better than force shutdown.
    turms.user-status.cache-user-sessions-statusbooleantrueWhether to cache the user sessions status
    turms.user-status.user-sessions-status-cache-max-sizeint-1The maximum size of the cache of users' sessions status
    turms.user-status.user-sessions-status-expire-afterint60The life duration of each remote user's sessions status in the cache. Note that the cache will make the presentation of users' sessions status inconsistent during the time
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/deployment/distribution.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/deployment/distribution.html index 8ee431b0..b0c49546 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/deployment/distribution.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/deployment/distribution.html @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ net.ipv4.tcp_moderate_rcvbuf = 1 # 默认值：1。TCP使用16位来记录窗口大小，最大值可以是65535B。如果超过该值，就需要开启tcp_window_scaling机制 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1

    配置完后，执行sudo sysctl -p以加载sysctl的最新配置。

    特别一提的是：我们在系统资源管理提到了Turms服务端会预留部分内存给系统内核，该部分内存主要就是指上述的TCP连接的缓冲区。

    初始拥塞窗口（initcwnd）配置 ​

    保持默认值：10MSS。

    参考文档：

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/deployment/getting-started.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/deployment/getting-started.html index b8ceb5a0..8266633e 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/deployment/getting-started.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/deployment/getting-started.html @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ docker run -p 6510:6510 ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-admin docker run -p 7510:7510 -p 8510:8510 ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-service docker run --ulimit nofile=102400:102400 -p 7510:7510 -p 9510:9510 -p 10510:10510 -p 11510:11510 -p 12510:12510 ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-gateway

    另外，您可以通过volume挂载的方式来使用自定义的application.yaml与jvm.options。如配置-v /your-custom-config-dir:/opt/turms/turms/config。

    方案二：下载并解压Turms服务端压缩包（由于v.0.10.0尚未发布在release页面中，因此该方案暂不可用），根据下述步骤运行：

    方案三：克隆Turms仓库源码，直接通过IDE运行turms-gateway与turms-service服务端。（参考命令：git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/turms-im/turms.git）

    提醒

    Turms服务端启动与关闭的大致流程 ​

    启动流程 ​

    1. 连接并校验mongos与Redis服务端。
    2. 检测MongoDB是否已建表，如果已经建好表了，则跳过这步。如果没有就进行：建表、添加索引、添加分片键、添加Zones用于冷热数据分离存储。如果开启了MongoDB的Fake数据，则turms-service会自动向MongoDB生成Fake数据，用于开发测试。
    3. 对于turms-service服务端，它会检测MongoDB中是否已存在一个角色为ROOT，且账号为turms的超级管理员账号。如果不存在，则会向MongoDB创建一个角色为ROOT、名称为turms与密码为turms.security.password.initial-root-password（默认为：turms）的管理员账号。
    4. 注册本地Node节点到服务注册中心，如果注册成功，则拉取并应用集群全局配置，并搭建RPC服务端，用于接收RPC客户端连接。如果失败，则抛异常并退出进程。
    5. 开启Admin HTTP服务端，用于接收管理员API请求。另外，对于turms-gateway，还要开启网关服务端（如TCP/WebSocket），用于接收客户端连接与请求。
    6. 对于turms-gateway，如果开启了Fake客户端，则生成真实的客户端连接并随机发送真实客户端请求（请求类型随机、请求参数随机），用于开发测试。

    至此，服务端启动完毕。

    关闭流程 ​

    （对于turms-gateway）

    1. 拒绝新客户端网络连接与客户端请求。
    2. 关闭Fake客户端，关闭已建立的客户端会话连接。
    3. 关闭对接TCP/UDP/WebSocket客户端连接的服务端，与HTTP管理员API服务端。

    （对于turms-gateway与turms-service） 4. 关闭黑名单同步机制。 5. 关闭集群服务（如RPC节点间的连接、服务注册与发现服务）。 6. 关闭插件机制。 7. 发送完Redis/MongoDB客户端请求后，关闭Turms服务端连接到Redis和MongoDB的网络连接。 8. 打印完日志，关闭日志服务。

    至此，服务端关闭完成。

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/development/code.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/development/code.html index dff4a57a..f9067fcf 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/development/code.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/development/code.html @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ } return sink.asMono(); }

    至此，RPC发送端的处理流程就结束了。

    特别一提的是：之所以请求ID没有在上游就被编码，这是因为部分RPC请求有可能被发送给多个RPC接收端，如群消息就经常被转发给多个turms-gateway服务端，而通过分别编码，就可以让上游传来的字节数据被共享，无需内存拷贝，极大地提升内存使用率，这也是为什么Turms要自研RPC服务的原因之一。

    HandleServiceRequest的RPC接收端 ​

    TODO

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/development/plugin.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/development/plugin.html index 499f3c94..c12784e7 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/development/plugin.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/development/plugin.html @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ } export default MyTurmsPlugin;

    其中：

    注意事项：

    主要全局对象 ​

    TODO

    插件Debug步骤 ​

    在Debug模式下（配置turms.plugin.js.debug.enabled为true，可以启动Debug模式）：

    1. 当插件宿主Turms Java服务端调用由Java Proxy类代理后的JavaScript插件函数实现时（其代理实现源码在：im.turms.server.common.infra.plugin.JsExtensionPointInvocationHandler），监听JavaScript插件的WebSocket Debugger服务端会等待开发者启动Chrome浏览器的Debugger，以保证在开发者绑定完Debugger后，才开始执行JavaScript插件代码。此时调用JavaScript插件函数的Java调用线程会进入WAITING状态，并等待JavaScript插件函数执行完成。

    2. 为了监听JavaScript插件代码实现，开发者需要自行打开Chrome浏览器，并输入监听JavaScript插件的WebSocket Debugger服务端监听地址，开发者可以在该页面上给JavaScript插件代码打上断点供调试。其中，服务端监听地址会被Turms服务端打印在控制台上，类似于：

      Debugger listening on ws://127.0.0.1:24242/bd62b7be-bdec-48a6-9ad0-9314af33d531 For help, see: https://www.graalvm.org/tools/chrome-debugger E.g. in Chrome open: devtools://devtools/bundled/js_app.html?ws=127.0.0.1:24242/bd62b7be-bdec-48a6-9ad0-9314af33d531

      其中的devtools://devtools/bundled/js_app.html?ws=127.0.0.1:24242/bd62b7be-bdec-48a6-9ad0-9314af33d531即是监听地址。

    3. 在绑定完Chrome Debugger后，JavaScript插件函数就会开始执行

    4. 等JavaScript插件函数执行完毕后，Java调用线程会进入RUNNABLE状态，而Java的代理函数也会接着返回JavaScript插件函数返回的数据。

    配置项 ​

    配置名默认值说明
    turms.plugin.enabledtrue是否开启插件机制
    turms.plugin.dirplugins本地插件所在目录。Turms服务端将从该目录中加载插件
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.enabledfalse下载网络插件时，是否开启HTTP代理
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.usernameHTTP代理用户名
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.passwordHTTP代理密码
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.hostHTTP代理主机名
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.port8080HTTP代理端口号
    turms.plugin.network.proxy.connect-timeout-millis60_000HTTP代理连接超时时长（毫秒）
    turms.plugin.network.plugins[?].url插件URL
    turms.plugin.network.plugins[?].typeAUTO插件类型。
    当值为AUTO时，Turms服务端会根据URL的路径检测插件的类型：如果URL以.jar结尾，则判断为Java插件，如果URL以.js结尾，则判断为JavaScript插件，否则Turms服务端会抛出无法识别插件类型的异常。
    当值为JAVA时，则为Java插件类型
    当值为JAVA_SCRIPT时，则为JavaScript插件类型
    turms.plugin.network.plugins[?].use-local-cachefalse是否使用本地插件缓存。如果false，Turms服务端会在每次启动时都重新下载插件
    turms.plugin.network.plugins[?].download.http-methodGET请求插件URL时，HTTP请求的方法类型
    turms.plugin.network.plugins[?].download.timeout-millis60_000下载插件的超时时间（毫秒）

    插件相关API接口 ​

    OpenAPI地址：http://playground.turms.im:8510/openapi/ui#/plugin-controller

    Controller路径作用通用
    PluginControllerGET /plugins查询插件✅
    PUT /plugins更新插件✅
    DELETE /plugins删除插件✅
    POST /plugins/java添加Java插件✅
    POST /plugins/js添加JavaScript插件✅
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/development/redevelopment.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/development/redevelopment.html index f83bc980..57a40dc7 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/development/redevelopment.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/development/redevelopment.html @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ yum install redis systemctl start redis systemctl enable redis

    对于Windows平台，可在 tporadowski/redis 下载Windows版本供本地开发测试用。

  • 下载、安装并启动MongoDB分片集群

  • 确认Redis服务端与MongoDB分片集群都正常运行后，即可启动Turms服务端

    • 补充：

    关于任务难度 ​

    对于准备基于Turms做二次开发（改Turms项目自身的源码）的团队，可以参考下述的任务难度表，给成员分配任务。

    任务的难度值为0~10，其中：

    服务端 ​

    “代码实现难度”主要从两个角度考虑，一个是逻辑复杂度，另一个则是工作量（繁琐程度，主要依靠“体力”实现）。比如等量自研一套spring-webflux的实现，其逻辑复杂度算1~3，但工作量算是5~6，二者综合下来就算5~6。而算法实现则一般是高逻辑复杂度、低工作量。

    需求分析相关流程设计代码实现难度（前提：代码实现必须高效）
    IM基础业务功能3~7。需要考虑所有IM业务特性是否逻辑一致、以及是否能够高效实现（由实现反推或限制IM业务需求）等4~6：初期阶段。如消息用读扩散、写扩散、读写混合技术选型。各种通知推、拉、推拉混合技术选型
    1~2：目前阶段    		1~3。绝大部分就是常规的CRUD操作。个别为3的任务难在其要平衡代码优雅与高效实现之间的矛盾，偏代码设计问题。
    拓展功能2~53~4：初期阶段
    1~2：目前阶段    		2：限流防刷机制
    4~5：全局黑名单
    7~8：敏感词实现
    中间件实现与基础库1~31~31~4。
    1：如度量、分布式雪花ID分发器
    2~3：如日志、分布式配置中心
    3~4：如插件机制、RPC、服务注册与发现
    改BUG0~30~31：绝大部分常规Bug
    Turms很少孤立地改Bug，一般改Bug前要推演导致这Bug的业务流程设计合不合理，有没有优化空间，其次才是改这Bug。
    并且难改的Bug一般跟代码实现没什么关系，一般难改的Bug是因为流程设计出了漏洞。
    比如要是架构设计出了问题，本应该用读扩散的架构，但却用了写扩散。底层设计出错，上层再怎么改也只是隔靴搔痒。
    定制算法与数据结构11~21：常规定制数据结构。如im.turms.server.common.infra.collection.FastEnumMap
    2：无锁线程安全的定制数据结构，如：im.turms.server.common.infra.collection.ConcurrentEnumMap、im.turms.server.common.infra.throttle.TokenBucket
    4~5：无锁线程安全的定制Growable数据结构，如im.turms.server.common.infra.collection.SpscGrowableLongRingBuffer
    8：敏感词中的im.turms.plugin.antispam.ac.AhoCorasickDoubleArrayTrie

    总评：

    特别一提：不做一个功能也是要需求分析的。比如Turms有一些功能的流程都设计完了，其代码实现也写完了。但最终考虑到该需求可能与其他的需求逻辑发生冲突，或者较大性能损耗而该需求又是可有可无的，因此这些功能会一直处于实现了但不发布的悬垂状态。

    turms-admin ​

    turms-admin本身没有技术难点，代码层次与实现都比较规范，不存在中大型前端项目中因为历史遗留原因而存在的大量异构子项目嵌套问题（比如根项目用Backbone，而嵌套在这个根项目的子项目混合使用Vue、Angular、React等，以及各种依赖版本冲突），因此初级前端工程师就应该有能力上手并做二开。

    而做一个新UI特性的时间占比一般是：需求分析(40%) > UI设计(30%) >= 代码实现(30%)

    turms-client ​

    turms-client本身没有技术难点，代码层次与实现都比较规范，初级工程师就应该有能力上手并做二开。

    turms-client的难点相对来说，是API接口设计“尽量让接口顾名思义，同时又保证开发者有拓展底层的能力”。

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/development/rules.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/development/rules.html index 462f5c71..2f77ab25 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/development/rules.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/development/rules.html @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ }); }) ...

    如上文所述，该段代码通过notifyRelatedUsersOfAction函数进行通知下发操作，其内部实现我们并不关心，我们只要在最上游通过subscribe(...)保证能捕获其可能抛出的异常并打印即可。

    有且仅自定义继承自RuntimeException的异常类 ​

    在Turms服务端项目中，有且仅自定义继承自RuntimeException的异常类，禁止自定义继承自Exception（Checked Exception）的异常类。

    关于使用Checked Exception，还是Unchecked Exception的讨论至今都是众说纷纭，但如今不少文章直接批评Checked Exception是Java的设计败笔，像是Kotlin/Scala/C#这些后来的语言甚至压根没有Checked Exception这一概念，而如今大部分大中知名开源项目一般也只自定义RuntimeException的子类，而不自定义Checked Exception的子类。

    常见的认为Checked Exception是糟糕设计的原因比如有：

    而对于Turms服务端项目来说，考虑到Checked Exception唯一能真正发挥作用的场景是：在个别场景中，在设计下游功能模块时，已知上游调用方代码需要根据下游抛出的各种异常做异常区分，为了保证上游没有遗漏处理一些下游抛出的异常，因此可以考虑使用Checked Exception。但由于这种场景非常地少，而且根据上游调用方代码逻辑来设计下游代码也是非常糟糕的实践。

    因此为了规避Checked Exception带来了各种问题、统一异常设计风格，与避免把时间浪费在“为什么同样都是某类的模块，A模块用了某类异常，B模块用了某类异常”这类无关紧要的争论上，在Turms服务端项目中，有且仅自定义继承自RuntimeException的异常类，禁止自定义继承自Exception（Checked Exception）的异常类。

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/development/testing.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/development/testing.html index 14943618..e43234f6 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/development/testing.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/development/testing.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    English

    Appearance

    测试 ​

    关于压力测试 ​

    为什么Turms服务端不提供压测报告 ​

    对于两个做了相同功能的Java简单函数，我们可以通过JMH轻松地测试它们各自的性能表现。但对于Turms这种稍大的项目而言，不存在这样的银弹。其复杂性主要体现在这么三个方面：

    1. Turms支持多种不同的架构，很多功能也都支持开闭。

      举例来说，我们在配置参数篇章有提到了一些用例甚至不需要做数据存储，那在其他条件相同的情况下，不做存储的应用自然吞吐量比要做存储的快。

      又比如我们在关于消息的可达性、有序性与重复性提到，Turms服务端默认关闭对100%消息必达的支持的，原因是支持100%消息必达是有代价的，它需要至少一个Redis服务端做会话级别的序列号分发工作，每发一条消息都需要请求一个序列号，其吞吐量自然是不如不支持100%消息必达的场景。

      又比如用户登陆时，服务端是否需要进行用户状态推送。对于不需要推送的场景，服务端的压力自然远小于要做推送的场景。

      又比如我们在可观察测性体系-日志篇章有讲到Turms服务端默认并推荐对用户请求进行100%的日志采样，而100%采样需要大量的I/O操作，其吞吐量自然比不过完全不进行采样的操作。

    2. 对于绝大部分的业务请求实现，Turms服务端发给MongoDB的请求绝大多数是用于用户权限校验与数据校验，只有少部分是最终执行用户指示的业务功能。比如如A用户在123群封禁B用户这一操作，就要分别对A用户、B用户与123群三者的状态做校验，全部校验通过了才会封禁B用户。不做这些校验的话，吞吐量自然就会高得多，但除了玩具项目，没有真实项目会不做校验的。

    3. Turms服务端通常会在删除某业务数据时，通过分布式事务删除相关的数据。不用分布式事务自然会比用分布式事务吞吐量高，但这就容易产生脏数据。

    4. Turms提供很多缓存功能，且未来将支持更多缓存功能。缓存是空间换时间的经典例子。以群组成员缓存为例，群组成员发送消息时，Turms服务端需要查询该群组的成员列表。那对于使用了缓存的场景，Turms服务端可以基于本地Map做查询，其吞吐量自然远高于不使用缓存而向数据库发送查询请求的场景，但不使用缓存的场景优势就在于群组列表的实时性高。

    5. 单机与分布式的压测结果也完全不一样。甚至Turms服务端还将支持：在单机部署场景，Turms服务端支持Unix Domain Socket，而无需走TCP连接。

    综上，如果Turms只想写个好看的压测报告，Turms服务端可以不做任何数据存储、不保证消息必达、不做用户状态推送、不对用户请求做权限校验、数据校验与日志采样、所有业务操作都不用事务、对所有数据都进行长时间的缓存等等，其最终的吞吐量自然很高，但这样的压测报告就如同空中楼阁，没有多少真实场景会使用这么一套配置。这既是我们做中大型应用的开发人员不太愿意提供简单压测报告的原因，也是我们太不会相信其他中大型应用所提供的压测报告的原因。

    对于任何应用的性能表现，我们在看它或快或慢的时候，主要是为了探究“它什么这么快/慢？”。举例来说，我们在研究JVM为什么会占这么多内存时，如果我们只看到了Java极为冗余与普遍的对象头时，我们会感叹“原来是冗余设计问题，是作者的糟糕设计，难怪占这么多内存”，但如果我们又看了JVM对Code Cache的设计与使用，我们又会感叹“原来是空间换时间，是作者的良苦用心，难怪占这么多内存”，评价方向截然不同。

    归根到底就是外行看热闹，内行看门道。别说是中大型的应用，就算是小小的Java库，我们在看它的性能报告时，也不能全信。如Log4j2在其性能报告中展示了其优秀的性能表现，但如果我们读过它的源码，会发现Log4j2的实现其实并不高效，而真正把性能做到极致的其实是Turms基于Netty自研的日志实现（具体可查阅自研实现设计文档，与具体代码im.turms.server.common.logging.core.logger.AsyncLogger#doLog），只要对比了二者的源码的实现，就会发现二者在性能优化上不是一个级别的。而Turms为了方便用户看其中的门道，因此文档都写得比较详尽并且关键代码的位置也会标记出来，以方便用户自行评测Turms适不适用于自己的应用场景。

    turms-performance-testing项目（预览文档） ​

    尽管Turms没计划提供现成的压测报告，但我们近期会为Turms服务端定制一套分布式压测平台。该平台的UI展示与报告分析会由turms-admin负责，而节点管控与任务执行分别由turms-performance-testing中的Controller节点与Agent节点负责。

    特别一提的是：Turms之所以能快速定制与开发众多平台，也得益于我们在基于Turms做二次开发的原因提到的“可控性。Turms项目100%开源，并对很多基础中间件进行了自研，保证了底层技术的可控，避免了项目后期发展动力不足”，因此我们做新项目不会受制于第三方依赖，动力十足。

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/anti-spam.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/anti-spam.html index 8ae601d8..7b9bd618 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/anti-spam.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/anti-spam.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ 안녕하세요,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, こんにちは

    配置讲解 ​

    配置类：im.turms.plugin.antispam.property.AntiSpamProperties

    配置前缀：turms.plugin.antispam

    配置项 ​

    配置名默认值作用
    enabledtrue是否启动反垃圾功能
    dictParsing.binFilePathnull词库的二进制文件路径。该文件保存了词库文本解析后的数据，用于避免每次服务端启动时都从头解析词库文本。如果用户配置了“textFilePath”与“binFilePath”，则会优先使用“binFilePath”
    dictParsing.textFilePathnull词库的文本文件路径
    dictParsing.textFileCharset"UTF-8"词库编码格式。推荐统一使用“UTF-8”编码
    dictParsing.skipInvalidCharactertrue解析词库文本时，是否自动跳过非法字符。
    如果false且在解析过程中遇到非法字符，则会抛出异常
    dictParsing.extendedWords.enabledtrue是否需要支持拓展词库功能。如果为true，则解析并使用词库中的所有数据。如果为false，则仅仅解析与使用word字段数据，以大幅度减少内存开销
    textParsingStrategyNORMALIZATION_TRANSLITERATION词典文本与用户输入文本的解析策略：
    NORMALIZATION：对输入文本进行标准化。如：⑩HELLO(你{}好./ -> 10hello你好
    NORMALIZATION_TRANSLITERATION：对输入文本进行标准化并音译。如：⑩HELLO(你{}好./ -> 10hellonihao
    unwantedWordHandleStrategyREJECT_REQUEST非法文本处理策略：
    REJECT_REQUEST：向客户端返回“MESSAGE_IS_ILLEGAL”错误状态码
    MASK_TEXT：替换非法字符，并继续正常处理请求
    mask'*'当“unwantedWordHandleStrategy”为“MASK_TEXT”时，所采用的掩码
    maxNumberOfUnwantedWordsToReturn0当处理策略为REJECT_REQUEST且该值大于0时，被检测为非法文本的字符串，将以ASCII0x1E（Record Separator）字符作为分隔符，通过异常的描述字符串来表示。该异常文本最终会被客户端接收
    textTypes所有其他用户可见的文本配置哪些请求的哪些文本字段需要进行检测
    silentIllegalTextTypes空配置当检测到这些请求的这些文本字段包含非法字符时，服务端会“OK”状态码响应客户端，但服务端实际并没有继续处理该请求。
    在实际业务场景中，该值除了通常为空外，还通常为CREATE_MESSAGE_REQUEST_TEXT，用于静默拒绝发送用户消息

    Admin API ​

    TODO

    不使用其他开源实现的原因 ​

    在全球开源圈子内，目前可找到的开源实现的质量都非常之低，主要体现在：代码质量低（高空间复杂度与时间复杂度）、很多匹配功能都不支持、作者不具备工程设计能力，甚至还有收费的半开源IM项目通过遍历词库来进行匹配的。暂未有像turms-plugin-antispam这样的算法与代码质量都优秀的实现，且传统反垃圾方案（不涉及机器学习）的总体实现难度不大，因此Turms选择自研，也为后期众多拓展做足准备。具体而言：

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/chatbot.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/chatbot.html index b76cf0f1..c7c6a8c6 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/chatbot.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/chatbot.html @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ }, ... ] - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/cluster.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/cluster.html index 00f73142..8cbd3721 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/cluster.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/cluster.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    English

    Appearance

    集群的设计与实现 ​

    Turms的集群代码实现比较清晰，也很容易理解。代码实现包为：src/main/java/im/turms/server/common/infra/cluster；配置包为：src/main/java/im/turms/server/common/infra/property/env/common/cluster

    纯自研的原因 ​

    自研第三方服务
    定制化功能Turms有很多定制化的细节需求，各功能环环相扣，自研的话可以保证新需求立马实现，完成一个新需求的所需时间大致为5~60分钟，也无需写Hacky代码别人不一定给做定制化功能。就算给做通常也是几周、几个月、甚至几年后，才把新功能发布到新版本。如此低的效率是绝对不能接受的
    学习难度服务划分清晰，代码精简，方面快速学习与掌握。花10~30分钟对有点基础的新人进行培训，新人即可掌握Turms集群服务像ZooKeeper或Eureka这样仅仅关于微服务某个功能的项目，其源码就已经远远多于Turms下述的六大服务源码之和。且第三方服务项目还涉及一些相对复杂但对Turms又完全无用的累赘功能，如Zookeeper的Zab协议，徒增学习难度。要想把握其实现细节需要大量的实践与源码阅读
    实现难度集群服务代码实现难度低。举例而言，Turms的集群服务实现的难度总和远远低于“敏感词过滤”功能里提到的“基于双数组Trie的AC自动机算法”。
    另外，其实集群服务的实现难度也远低于IM业务逻辑的实现    		需要针对第三方服务特点，编写Adaptor代码。难度虽低，但由于第三方服务的源码复杂度导致要想保证Adaptor代码永远如预期那样执行并不是件容易的事情（利用学习各种第三方服务的源码+编写Adaptor代码的时间，已经能从零自研几套集群服务实现了）
    部署与运维难度在Turms的集群服务中，仅有“配置中心服务”与“服务注册中心”需要MongoDB服务进行部署，二者共用MongoDB服务。因此：
    1. 由于业务数据存储也采用MongoDB服务，因此运维人员可以选择共用一个MongoDB服务，无需额外部署
    2. 国内外云厂商均提供MongoDB服务部署服务。仅需点点鼠标即可部署单例或集群MongoDB服务，并且直接实现同城容灾    		国内外云厂商支持的“配置中心服务”与“服务注册中心”服务大多与具体厂商相绑定，部署灵活性极差。另一方面，如果Turms采用诸如Eureka这样的开源方案，由于各厂商又不提供Eureka这类开源方案的云服务，因此运维人员还得自己采购云服务器进行部署与运维，相比自研方案，极大地参加了运维难度
    性能Turms能结合业务代码特点，让集群服务的实现互相照应配合，保证整个流程下来无冗余数据的生成。同时所有网络操作都基于Netty实现，性能极高由于第三方服务都是基于通用需求，我们为此一方面要写大量的Adaptor代码，徒增资源开销，也增加了学习难度。另一方面，其自身的实现无法保证极致的高效，甚至还有些服务竟然还使用阻塞API

    综上，使用第三方服务几乎无任何优势可言，因此Turms采用纯自研方案。另外，其实稍有实力且稍有点定制化需求的公司都会选择自研，原因同上。

    节点 ​

    实现类：im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.node.Node

    配置类：im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.NodeProperties

    每个服务端有且仅有一个节点类实例。节点类对内管理节点信息与节点生命周期事件，并调度各节点服务。对外承接用户自定义配置，并暴露节点服务与提供一些常用的Util函数供业务实现代码使用。

    服务 ​

    分布式配置中心服务（Config） ​

    服务类：im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.config.SharedConfigService

    配置类：im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.SharedConfigProperties

    如今微服务领域的基础服务实现方案百花齐放。以配置中心的实现方案为例，其实现方案就有：K8S的ConfigMaps、云服务厂商的配置服务（如AWS的AppConfig）、开源实现（如Zookeeper）。作为Turms作为一个技术中立的开源项目，其技术栈绝不能被厂商所绑定。但与此同时，又要保证这些实现能够很方便地获得云服务厂商的支持，以让运维人员“点点鼠标就能实现与部署了”。同时又要满足容灾、高可用、可监控、易操作等多种关键特性，因此Turms通过MongoDB自研实现配置中心实现，以满足上述的所有要求。

    具体配置的增删改查操作实现即为常规的MongoDB数据库的增删改查操作，非常常规，故不赘述。唯一值得特别注意的是：Turms通过MongoDB的Change Stream机制来监听配置的变化，而官方客户端实现mongo-java-driver采用轮询机制来监听配置变化，而不是MongoDB服务端主动通知MongoDB的客户端。

    补充：

    • 因为服务注册中心的“服务信息”本质上来说也是一种配置，因此下述的服务注册与发现也是基于该配置中心实现的。
    • MongoDB集群自身的配置中心也是基于MongoDB服务端，即Config服务端实现的。

    相关Admin API ​

    TODO

    服务注册与发现服务（Discovery） ​

    服务类：im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.discovery.DiscoveryService

    配置类：im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.DiscoveryProperties

    职责 ​

    该服务主要负责：

    • 尽最大努力，保证当前节点注册在服务注册中心中。每个节点在服务端启动时，都会向服务注册中心注册当前节点的信息。如果启动时注册失败（如该节点信息已被注册），则会主动关闭服务端进程并报告失败的异常信息。如果在节点运行过程中，其注册信息被服务注册中心异常删除（如管理员错误地删除了数据），则该节点会自动重新注册其信息
    • 服务端被优雅关闭时，在服务注册中心删除当前节点的注册信息。注意：如果服务端被强制关闭（如系统直接断电时），则该节点的注册信息并不会由当前节点删除，而是在服务注册中心检测到60秒的心跳超时后，自动移除其注册信息。另外，这期间其他节点仍会不断地尝试与该节点建立TCP连接，直到其注册信息被服务注册中心移除
    • 监听服务注册中心的节点增删改事件，以通知“网络连接服务”去连接或断开对应的TCP连接
    • 选举Leader

    注册节点的记录格式 ​

    注册节点的记录格式一共有两种类型：Member与Leader

    Member ​

    类：im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.config.domain.discovery.Member

    字段类别字段名描述
    KeyclusterId集群ID
    nodeId节点ID
    一般信息zone节点所在区域。用于充当雪花ID算法中的数据中心ID
    nodeVersion节点版本号。用来保证节点之间的操作能够版本兼容
    nodeType节点类型。用来保证RPC请求能够被发送给正确的节点
    isSeed如果一个节点的lastHeartbeatDate超时60秒，且isSeed为false，则该节点会被自动移除服务注册中心。如果isSeed为true，则就算心跳超时，该节点也不会被移除
    registrationDate节点注册时间
    isLeaderEligible用于判断节点是否可以参与选举
    priority优先级。主要用于在Leader选举时，高位值的节点能被优先选举为Leader
    RPC地址信息memberHostRPC主机号。用于保证其他节点能够通过该主机号，与其进行通信
    memberPortRPC端口号。用于保证其他节点能够通过该端口号，与其进行通信
    补充地址信息adminApiAddress无实际作用。仅用于管理员能够通过Admin API得知Admin API的地址信息
    wsAddress无实际作用。仅用于管理员能够通过Admin API得知客户端WebSocket服务的地址信息
    tcpAddress无实际作用。仅用于管理员能够通过Admin API得知客户端TCP服务的地址信息
    udpAddress无实际作用。仅用于管理员能够通过Admin API得知客户端UDP服务的地址信息
    状态信息hasJoinedCluster为True时表示该节点成功完成心跳刷新操作。该字段并无实际作用，仅仅作为指示器表明节点心跳健康状态。即便一个节点处于不健康状态，它仍然可以处理客户端请求。
    另外，各集群节点的该字段值由Leader节点根据各节点的lastHeartbeatDate进行更新
    isHealthy为False时拒绝服务。具体而言包括：如果是turms-gateway服务端，则拒绝新会话的建立与用户请求的处理；如果是turms-service服务端，则拒绝处理turms-gateway服务端发来的RPC请求；在RPC发送端挑选RPC响应服务端时，只从健康的节点中进行选择
    isActive为False时表明禁止该节点处理客户端请求。该字段的值有且仅能通过Admin API进行更新。可用于在灰度发布时，先将节点逐步断流，再进行停机更新操作
    lastHeartbeatDate记录上一次心跳刷新时间，用于Leader节点根据该值更新hasJoinedCluster信息
    Leader ​
    字段类别字段名描述
    KeyclusterId集群ID
    nodeIdLeader节点ID
    一般信息renewDate租约刷新时间。如果超过60s未进行刷新，则服务注册中心会自动删除该Leader记录信息
    generation代。主要用于拒绝前代Leader因为没有检测到新Leader的诞生，而尝试进行租约操作的行为

    Leader选举 ​

    节点参与选举的条件：

    • 节点类型必须为turms-service，而不是turms-gateway。这是因为一些Leader行为只能由turms-service执行，turms-gateway没有能力执行这些操作。
    • im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.NodeProperties#leaderEligible为true（默认为true）
    • 节点状态必须为active
    自动选举 ​

    每个具有选举资格的节点：1. 在服务端启动时；2. 在通过Change Stream监听到服务注册中心的Leader信息被删除时；3. 发现自己的isLeaderEligible信息由False变为True时：

    当前节点首先会拉取此时此刻服务注册中心内的所有节点信息，并找出一批priority最高的且具有选举资格的节点。如果当前节点在这批节点内，且本地的节点信息快照中不存在Leader，则向服务注册中心发送Leader注册请求，尝试将自己选为Leader。如果服务注册中心确实不存在Leader，则注册成功。否则，注册失败。

    注意：如果一个priority更高的节点加入集群中，该节点并不会抢夺Leader角色。

    手动选举（Admin API） ​

    API接口POST /cluster/members/leader允许强制集群重新选举Leader。该API带有一个id参数，如果id参数为空，则强制选举当前集群中具有最高priority且具有选举资格的节点为Leader。如果id参数不为空，则将节点ID为id的节点选为Leader，不论其priority。如果该节点不存在或不具备选举资格，则抛出异常。

    Leader的职责 ​

    总体而言，需要保证只有一个节点触发或执行的动作，通常就由Leader节点执行。另外，该类行为在一些服务端实现中，会通过节点抢占分布式锁来实现，但该实现的可靠性、可控性与性能都远不如使用统一Leader的方案，故Turms不采用抢占分布式锁方案。

    具体动作而言：

    • Leader最重要的动作之一就是根据其他节点在服务注册中心（MongoDB）的心跳刷新时间，来更新各节点的最新状态（具体代码在：im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.discovery.LocalNodeStatusManager#updateMembersStatus）
    • “定期cron向Redis发送清除过期黑名单记录的指令”这一动作只需一个节点，即Leader来定期执行。
    • “定期cron删除过期数据库数据操作，如用户消息”，也有且仅会被Leader执行（补充：这类操作的代码其实是“历史遗留代码”，“顺便”保留的。毕竟极少应用会真得删除用户数据，因此默认disabled状态，可以忽略）

    相关Admin API ​

    TODO

    网络连接服务（Connection） ​

    服务类：im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.connection.ConnectionService

    配置类：im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.connection.ConnectionProperties

    在Turms服务端集群实现中，Connection是介于Transport与RPC之间的一个概念，因为Connection一方面需要维护节点之间的TCP连接，另一方面又需要通过RpcService来完成节点之间的心跳操作（用于检测节点之间的TCP连接是否健康）。之所以没把ConnectionService与RpcService合并成一个Service是因为二者都有大量自己的逻辑，为尽可能遵循单一职责的原则，以避免大量TCP连接维护与RPC能力实现的逻辑混在一起，因此两个服务没进行合并。

    职责 ​

    • 根据服务注册与发现服务的请求，基于TCP连接其他集群节点。注意：两个节点之间有且仅会存在一个TCP连接
    • 如果意外地与其他集群节点断连，则尽最大努力进行重连操作
    • 发送心跳请求，以确认节点之间的TCP连接确实有效

    网络连接的生命周期 ​

    • 建立TCP连接
    • 进行应用层的握手操作，交换节点的基础必要信息，如节点ID，以得知TCP对端是哪个节点。注意：这里的握手不是TCP协议里的握手。
    • 在握手成功后，节点之间即可进行网络数据的收发操作
    • 在关闭TCP网络连接之前，先发送应用层的挥手操作，通知对端该节点要主动与其断连，以区别TCP意外断连。注意：这里的挥手不是TCP协议里的挥手。
    • 关闭TCP连接

    编解码服务（Codec） ​

    服务类：im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.codec.CodecService

    该服务主要为RPC服务提供数据的编解码实现。特别地，Turms并没有采用反射机制来统一实现序列化与反序列化逻辑，而是为每个数据定制实现，这主要是因为：1. 定制化实现，保证绝对地高效。如Set<DeviceType>可以用一个Byte，按Bit表示值的存在与否，而不是用一组Byte表示；2. 避免反射，保证高效；3. 代码所见即所得，避免隐晦操作的存在

    RPC服务 ​

    服务类：im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.rpc.RpcService

    配置类：im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.RpcProperties

    该服务基于“网络连接服务”提供的底层TCP网络连接与“编解码服务”提供的数据序列化与反序列化能力，来实现RPC操作的相关逻辑。

    编码格式 ​

    RPC请求的组成部分：

    1. Varint编码的正文长度，用于在TCP字节流中区分每个RPC请求数据所在的字节区间。对大部分RPC请求而言，该部分通常占1~2 bytes。
    2. 请求头：数据类型ID（2 bytes） + 请求ID（4 bytes）
    3. 请求体：不同请求的编码方式不同，但都采用定制编码，以保证极致的高效。另外，请求体中最大的数据为“用户自定义文本”，如“聊天消息”

    RPC响应的组成部分：

    1. Varint编码的正文长度，用于在TCP字节流中区分每个RPC响应数据所在的字节区间。对大部分RPC响应而言，该部分通常占1 byte。
    2. 响应头：数据类型ID（2 bytes） + 被响应的请求ID（4 bytes）
    3. 响应体：响应体可以分为两大类：正常响应与异常响应。正确响应即各种数据类型，如八大基本类型与其他组合的数据类型。异常响应本质上也仅仅是一种“组合的数据类型”，它的表现形式为RpcException数据类型，通过RpcErrorCode、ResponseStatusCode、description (String)字段，来描述异常信息。

    补充

    • 部分请求（如“通知”中的用户聊天消息）会被发送给多个不同的RPC节点，它们的请求体都是共享堆外直接内存的，不需要进行内存拷贝

    • Turms目前没计划对RPC请求与响应数据采用压缩技术，这主要是因为：各种压缩算法的压缩率都不太理想，而压缩与解压需要消耗大量的内存与CPU资源。总体下来，压缩的性价比太低，得不偿失，故不采用压缩技术。

      额外一提的是，对于服务端与客户端之间的数据传递，未来会考虑支持压缩，其根本动机是：以更多的内存与CPU占用为代价（压缩/解压时要开辟新的内存空间）通过压缩数据，来提升数据的可达性（尤其是在弱网环境下）

    背压 ​

    turms-gateway服务端对turms-service服务端的背压实现比较取巧，具体而言：每个节点都会根据当前节点的CPU与内存负载状态，判断当前节点的健康状态，并通过“服务注册中心”向其他节点同步该健康信息。turms-gateway会根据已知的turms-service节点列表中，找出“isHealthy”为True的节点，向其发送RPC请求。如果turms-gateway发现当前所有turms-service的“isHealthy”均为False，则不再进行RPC下发，而是直接抛出异常。

    失败转移（Failover） ​

    对于无特定目标的RPC请求，如果一个Turms服务端向另一个Turms服务端发送了RPC请求，并且对端响应异常时，发送方会自动再向另一个Turms服务端发送该RPC请求。举例而言，如果客户端发送了一个请求给turms-gateway，turms-gateway会先随机挑选了一个turms-service来处理该用户请求，如果该turms-service响应异常，则turms-gateway会自动再搜寻另一个turms-service来处理该用户请求。

    分布式ID生成服务（IdGen） ​

    服务类：im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.idgen.IdService

    分布式ID生成器用于为各业务场景快速提供集群唯一的ID。生成一个集群唯一的ID只需要节点进行本地运算操作（具体代码：im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.idgen.SnowflakeIdGenerator#nextLargeGapId），效率极高。

    原理 ​

    Turms的分布式ID生成器基于主流的雪花ID算法实现，生成的ID为long数据类型，具体而言：

    • 最高位（1 bit）始终为0，表示正数
    • 41 bits表示以毫秒为单位的时间戳，可表示约69年时间。具体UTC时间区间为：[2020-10-13, 2090-06-19]。2020-10-13为硬编码的Epoch时间，如果您想修改该时间，修改im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.idgen.SnowflakeIdGenerator#EPOCH的值即可
    • 4 bits表示数据中心ID，ID区间为[0, 15]。在实际运用中，该ID通常以云服务中的区域划分，即每个区域都有一个ID。Turms会根据节点的NodeProperties#zone“区域名”，自动将区域名映射为[0, 15]区间中的值。注意：如果有16个以上的区域名，虽然这些区域名仍会被映射为[0, 15]区间中的值，但这也意味着会出现重复的数据中心ID，有集群节点生成相同ID的风险。并且，被降级处理的节点会打印警告日志，提醒有生成相同ID的风险。
    • 8 bits表示工作节点ID，ID区间为[0, 255]。Turms会根据节点的im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.cluster.NodeProperties#zone“区域名”，自动将区域名映射为[0, 255]区间中的值。注意：如果在一个数据中心中有256个以上的节点，虽然这些节点ID仍会被映射为[0, 255]区间中的值，但这也意味着会出现重复的工作节点ID，有集群节点生成相同ID的风险。并且，被降级处理的节点会打印警告日志，提醒有生成相同ID的风险。
    • 10 bits表示序列号。在单位时间戳字段内（1毫秒）可表示至多1024个序列号，即1毫秒中最多可生成1024个唯一ID。换言之，1秒内至多可以表示1024000个唯一ID，因此在实际使用中，是不可能出现重复ID的情况。

    补充：根据节点信息，更新数据中心ID与工作节点ID信息的代码在：im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.idgen.IdService#IdService的addOnMembersChangeListener中

    变种实现 ​

    具体实现：im.turms.server.common.infra.cluster.service.idgen.SnowflakeIdGenerator#nextLargeGapId

    常规雪花算法生成的ID是单调递增的。但在大部分情况下，Turms的业务实现采用的是大间距ID，以避免ID单调递增。这么做是因为：使用大间距ID，以保证当这些数据存储到MongoDB数据库时，MongoDB能够根据这些ID，生成足够多的Chunks，并将这些Chunks负载均衡分配给各MongoDB服务端，让其进行存储。而单调递增ID会导致所有新数据始终分配到唯一的热点MongoDB服务端，导致数据库的负载均衡失效。

    大间距ID的实现也很简单，仅仅是把各字段进行重排，具体顺序为：序列号、时间戳、数据中心ID、工作节点ID（常规雪花算法的ID顺序为时间戳、数据中心ID、工作节点ID、序列号）。由于序列号占据ID的最高位，且生成的序列号在区间[0, 1023]内单调递增，因此能保证生成的ID快速占据大范围的数值，并被MongoDB分为多个Chunks负载均衡存储在不同的MongoDB服务端内。

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    Turms Documentation

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    数据分析 ​

    在给小型的即时通讯场景做表结构设计时，由于不需要考虑数据模型的分片设计，并且可以直接将业务模型与统计模型融为一体，因此对于小型业务场景，可以通过代码快速实现开箱即用且执行高效的基础数据分析功能，并延伸提供基于索引字段实现的常用统计API。

    但Turms项目是针对中大型即时通讯场景设计的，数据分析与业务实现必然需要进行架构层面上的分离，其中也包括将业务模型与数据模型分离。如果您需要进行数据分析，则您可以采集turms-gateway与turms-service服务端生成的度量或埋点日志，并使用云服务或自研实现对其进行分析。

    另外，考虑到确实有很多常用且通用的IM相关统计数据，因此我们之后会新开一个项目turms-data来负责数据分析，并配合Turms服务端与turms-admin来实现：日志与数据库数据的采集、数据仓库搭建、分析统计业务指标、结果可视化等功能。

    注意：由于早期Turms主要是为小型即时通讯场景而设计，当时所有API查询字段都是基于索引实现的，可以保证查询的高效性。但后来转为向中大场景做设计，很多索引也因此移除了，但相应API（尤其是统计API）的查询字段并没有被移除，因此现在还有一些API（尤其是统计API）的查询参数的实现会使用到全表扫描，是Legacy代码。我们之后会根据实现性能，对这些API进行分类，以保证一些低效的API不会被误用。

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/identity-access-management.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/identity-access-management.html index 101a7b87..022dbb3e 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/identity-access-management.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/identity-access-management.html @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ "resources": "*" // a string of ["*", "USER", "GROUP_BLOCKED_USER", ...], or an array that contains these strings }] }

    authenticated与statements两个字段的含义与上文JWT正文中对应声明的含义相同，故不赘述。

    相关配置项 ​
    配置名默认值说明
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.typepassword设置为http以开启基于外部HTTP响应的身份与访问管理机制
    turms.service.message.check-if-target-active-and-not-deletedtrue使用HTTP机制时，需要将该配置项设置成false，否则因为Turms的数据库中并不存在该用户，因此用户将无法发送消息
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.url""请求URL
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.headerstrue附加的请求头
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.http-methodGET请求方法
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.request.timeout-millis30000请求超时时长
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.status-codes"2??"在响应状态码中匹配该值，如果匹配成功，则继续进行其他匹配，否则认证失败
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.headers在响应头中匹配该值，如果匹配成功，则继续进行其他匹配，否则认证失败
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.http.authentication.response-expectation.body-fields在响应正文中匹配该值，如果匹配成功，则继续进行其他匹配，否则认证失败

    5. 基于LDAP认证 ​

    工作流程 ​

    1. 客户端通过Turms客户端登陆接口turmsClient.userService.login向turms-gateway服务端发送登陆请求。

    2. turms-gateway获取到客户端发来的登陆请求参数后，会使用登陆请求中的userId参数，与turms-gateway系统中配置的参数（如下文将会提到的baseDn与searchFilter），去构造LDAP中的search请求，以查询userId对应的用户DN。

    3. 当turms-gateway获取到LDAP响应的search结果时，turms-gateway会校验search结果的entries数量：

      1. 如果数量为0，则说明账号不存在，因此响应客户端未授权；
      2. 如果数量为1，则说明用户登陆请求中的userId匹配到了对应的DN。turms-gateway会使用该用户DN与用户登陆请求中的password参数，向LDAP服务端发送bind登陆操作：
        1. 如果结果码（result code）为49（无效凭证），则响应客户端未授权。
        2. 如果状态码为0（登陆成功0，则响应客户端已授权。
        3. 如果为其他状态码，则响应客户端系统内部异常。
      3. 如果数量大于1，则说明系统配置的searchFilter参数异常，需要重新配置，因此响应系统内部异常。

      注意：一个LDAP用户的Turms用户ID值是由LDAP系统管理员配置的，并不是由Turms服务端配置的，且要求该值必须大于0，无其他条件限制。

    相关配置项 ​
    配置名默认值说明
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.typepassword设置为ldap以开启基于LDAP的身份与访问管理机制
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.base-dn""基准目录。如dc=turms,dc=im
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.hostlocalhost用于管理员相关操作的LDAP服务端地址
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.port389用于管理员相关操作的LDAP服务端端口号
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.ssl....用于管理员相关操作的LDAP的SSL相关配置
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.username""管理员用户名
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.admin.password""管理员密码
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.hostlocalhost用于用户相关操作的LDAP服务端地址
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.port389用于用户相关操作的LDAP服务端端口号
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.ssl....用于用户相关操作的LDAP的SSL相关配置
    turms.gateway.session.identity-access-management.ldap.user.search-filter"uid=${userId}"搜索过滤条件。turms-gateway根据该搜索语句去LDAP系统中匹配对应的用户DN。
    ${userId}是用户ID占位符，在条件被使用时，会被替换成用户登陆请求中的userId。

    提醒：配置中提到的管理员其实并不一定要是LDAP系统的管理员，只要被指定的LDAP用户拥有search查询系统中条目的权限即可。

    基于插件的自定义身份与访问管理实现 ​

    认证插件接口：im.turms.gateway.infra.plugin.extension.UserAuthenticator

    授权插件接口：TODO

    读者可以参考插件实现，实现上述插件接口。

    业务逻辑的认证与授权 ​

    对于客户端发来的权限信息，Turms服务端的态度是“客户端传来的权限信息均不可信”，因此Turms服务端会根据您在Turms服务端处所设定的业务配置，自行做各种必要的权限判断。

    以“修改已发送消息”功能为例，该行为会触发一系列判定逻辑。Turms会先判断目标消息是否确实是由该用户发出的，再根据您在Turms服务端配置的allowEditMessageBySender（默认为true），来判断是否允许用户修改已发送消息，若您设置其为false，则在客户端处会捕获到一个ResponseException（Kotlin）或ResponseError（JavaScript/Swift）对象，而它由业务状态码模型ResponseStatusCode表示（由code与reason描述信息组成）。

    再比如对于一个“简单”的“发送消息”请求，Turms服务端就会判断该消息发送用户是否处于激活状态、是否设置了“允许发送消息给陌生人（非关系人）”、消息发送者是否在黑名单中。如果接收方是群组，那么消息发送者是否是群成员，并且是否处于禁言状态等等逻辑判断。而您仅仅只需调用一个sendMessage(...)接口即可。

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/observability.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/observability.html index 13326503..23175b1a 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/observability.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/observability.html @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ 2021-08-17 13:25:11.809 INFO S lkumxlpd 7231219143674352809 ver-worker-14-1 : 101|DESKTOP|::1|358075665001342897|QUERY_SIGNED_GET_URL_REQUEST|40|2021-08-17 13:25:11.809|6000||0

    补充：

    特殊请求日志处理（拓展知识） ​

    在日志方面，最为特殊API请求是删除会话请求。具体体现在：

    删除会话请求是唯一一个可以不由用户发出，但却被记录在客户端API访问日志的请求。具体会发送在：如果客户端在没发送“删除会话请求”之前，就断开了底层TCP连接，那么对应的turms-gateway就会在TCP连接关闭之时，主动生成一条效果与“删除会话请求”一样的日志，通过这种方式保证客户端API访问日志的逻辑一致性。

    另外，在客户端的实现中，除非开发者指定通过DeleteSessionRequest进行会话关闭，默认情况下客户端会直接关闭TCP连接来关闭上层会话。当前的DeleteSessionRequest其实是起“占位符”的作用，一是通过“请求”这一模型保持业务逻辑处理的一致，二是为了预留给未来做更灵活的关闭会话逻辑。

    通知日志 ​

    部分客户端请求与管理员API请求会触发对其他用户的通知，如“正在输入”与“添加好友”通知。该日志用于该类通知事件。

    补充：

    turms-gateway服务端 ​

    文件名：turms-gateway-notification.log

    格式：通知触发用户ID|发送状态|通知目标用户数|会话关闭状态码|通知大小|通知转发的请求类型。其中：

    示例：

    spreadsheet
    2021-09-03 00:08:22.537  INFO G hkivjeav 3166178398923546492 -client-io-15-3 : 149|1|1||75|UPDATE_FRIEND_REQUEST_REQUEST
 2021-09-03 00:08:37.636  INFO G hkivjeav 8332948877634499289 -client-io-15-3 : 190|1|0||19|UPDATE_TYPING_STATUS_REQUEST
    turms-service服务端 ​

    文件名：turms-service-notification.log

    格式：通知触发用户ID|发送状态|通知目标用户数|会话关闭状态码|通知大小|通知转发的请求ID|通知转发的请求类型。其中：

    示例：

    spreadsheet
    2021-09-03 00:08:22.537  INFO S hkivjeav 3166178398923546492 -client-io-15-3 : 149|1|1||75|4971734074638762694|UPDATE_FRIEND_REQUEST_REQUEST
 2021-09-03 00:08:37.636  INFO S hkivjeav 8332948877634499289 -client-io-15-3 : 190|1|0||19|6469201046445182337|UPDATE_TYPING_STATUS_REQUEST

    慢日志 ​

    TODO

    采集与分析 ​

    Turms只提供原始数据，不提供也没计划提供日志采集与分析功能。

    原因 ​

    链路追踪 ​

    作用 ​

    面向请求，用于快速追踪请求在节点之间与具体节点内的执行情况。

    实现 ​

    在链路追踪实现规范OpenTracing中，其规定了要使用Trace与Span作为链路追踪的单位。但与动辄数十个、上百个甚至上千个微服务应用相比，Turms的调用链路极为简单，完全不需要通过Span信息来追踪请求。并且，如果Turms采用标准OpenTracing实现，那么很多请求的链路追踪附加信息甚至会比大部分的RPC请求正文还大。

    因此，Turms仅仅是在所有日志中添加了一个用于表示trace ID的字段，开发者在进行链路追踪时，仅需要通过查询trace ID字段，即可明白该请求经过的所有节点，与在节点内的执行情况。

    监控与报警 ​

    在可观测体系中，系统需要根据度量与日志来实时监控服务端运行状态，并在发现系统异常时进行报警通知。

    Turms不提供且也没计划提供报警功能。一方面，诸如AWS CloudWatch这样的云服务或其他相关产品都提供了极为丰富、成熟且开箱即用的度量与日志的采集、分析与报警等功能。如果用户熟悉云服务产品，从头开始购买云服务并实现Turms的监控与报警，通常也只需要3~10分钟。另一方面，从微服务职责划分的角度来看，Turms服务端的功能也不应该过于耦合，没必要把这些监控报警功能都集成进来。

    即便用户没有计划使用云服务端，那也可以使用诸如Prometheus Alertmanager这样专业且成熟的开源技术方案。如果用户熟悉相关操作，从零搭建这样的一个系统通常也只需要10~60分钟。

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/security.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/security.html index 262c5caf..99e83659 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/security.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/security.html @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ 1 40 40 org.jctools.maps.NonBlockingHashMapLong 1 64 64 org.jctools.maps.NonBlockingHashMapLong$CHM 11 12583464 (total)

  • 存在误差

    • 客户端接口防刷限流 ​

    turms-gateway的限流实现采用的是主流算法令牌桶算法（如AWS的API Gateway提供流量整型实现就用的是令牌桶算法）。

    基础知识 ​

    无论什么算法，其根本都需要计算“被允许的请求数”，下文为统一说明，均用“令牌”（Token）一词指代“被允许的请求数”。另外，下表为该类算法的一般实现，其变种并不会影响其算法的本质，故不进行讨论。

    固定时间窗口算法滑动时间窗口算法令牌桶算法漏桶算法
    令牌上限固定或动态令牌上限（通常固定上限）固定或动态令牌上限（通常固定上限）固定或动态令牌上限（通常固定上限）固定或动态令牌上限（通常固定上限）
    当前可用令牌数通过单个时间区间来计算通过多个时间区间来计算通过当前存量令牌数来计算通过当前存量令牌数计算
    令牌发放间隔强调粗颗粒度间隔发放（如间隔1分钟）强调细颗粒度间隔发放（如间隔15秒）强调细颗粒度间隔发放（如间隔1秒）强调细颗粒度间隔放行（如间隔1秒）
    令牌发放时清空计数是是。但一般只对最早的几个窗口进行清空否否
    资源开销无需定时器，开销极小无需定时器，开销极小无需定时器，开销极小每个会话都需要维护一个MPSC同步队列，与一个定时器来定时Poll队列，开销很大
    实现难度非常简单非常简单非常简单相对麻烦
    总评由于需要清空计数，且颗粒太大，客户端可以在每次令牌发放前突发大量请求，造成“双倍突发流量”的问题避免了“双倍突发流量”的问题，但因为有“清空计数”的操作，所以其控制精度不如令牌桶算法与漏桶算法既可以通过存量令牌来处理突发请求，
    又可以通过细颗粒度间隔的令牌发放来平滑地对请求进行限流。
    其实云服务的CPU积分机制就与此类似    		篇幅略长，见下文

    漏桶算法与令牌桶算法都具有处理突发请求与平滑地对请求进行限流的能力。但漏桶算法的一个特别作用就是能对下游服务（最主要的就是数据库）进行限流。但对下游进行限流也是有代价的，它要求运维人员能够精准地估算下游服务吞吐量，否则可能造成下游服务一边处于空闲状态，上游服务却在限流的情况。

    另外利用MPSC队列缓存请求，既降低了吞吐量，增加了内存开销与GC次数，导致常规用户体验更差，并加剧了DDoS攻击效果，这与我们引入防刷限流的目的背道而驰。（补充：通过阅读Turms服务端源码，您会发现Turms在处理客户端请求的流程中，代码都尽可能极致地“轻”，因此对每个用户会话都使用MPSC队列算是很重的操作了）

    综上，Turms服务端最终使用令牌桶算法。

    特别一提的是：相比于传统HTTP服务端，其接收并处理一次常规HTTP请求与响应的CPU与内存所需系统资源可能百倍于Turms服务端与其客户端交互所需系统资源（如：除开网络层协议头，Turms客户端一个请求的平均大小约32B）。因此并不需要把少部分用户的突发Turms客户端请求太当回事，可能处理上百个Turms客户端请求所用系统资源就跟处理一个HTTP请求差不多（当然，还有其他形态的CC攻击会造成大量资源消耗）。

    其他：

    用户信息安全 ​

    对于大部分国内稍微有些网龄的群体，除非其具有很强的安全意识，他们的明文密码极有可能已经泄漏了（具体内容可以通过社工库进行了解）。结合大部分用户使用的密码都比较固定，因此不管服务端再怎么加密，其实“密码”的安全性还是偏低。

    TODO

    管理员安全 ​

    管理员认证与授权 ​

    认证（Authentication） ​

    认证：服务端基于常见的HTTP Basic authentication实现，确认HTTP请求的发送者是哪位管理员。

    配置项：turms.security.password.admin-password-encoding-algorithm，其可选值为：bcrypt（默认）、salted_sha256与noop。

    支持的密钥加密算法 ​

    特别一提：admin集合里的password字段，其存储形式并不是string（如常见的Base64编码的字符串），而是原始的byte[]字节数据。

    授权（Authorization） ​

    授权：服务端确认HTTP请求的发送者有什么权限做什么事

    由于Turms自身权限管理的需求很简单，因此其设计与实现也比较简单，比如没有用户组、组角色、角色继承等概念，没有用户与角色的多对多关系。具体而言，Turms采用RBAC（基于角色的访问控制）设计方案。

    Turms的RBAC模型 ​

    Turms的RBAC模型由管理员（Admin）、角色（Role）以及权限（Permission）这三个主体构成。一个用户只可以有一个角色，一个角色可以有多个权限。其中：

    特殊角色——Root ​

    Root是Turms内置的管理员角色，拥有所有管理员权限，并且不能被修改与删除。

    特殊根账号——turms ​

    根账号turms用户拥有Root根角色权限，其账号名暂不支持修改（但可以通过修改硬编码的im.turms.server.common.domain.admin.constant.AdminConst#ROOT_ADMIN_ACCOUNT值来修改根账号名），其初始密码默认为turms，但用户可以通过配置项turms.security.password.initial-root-password在admin集合尚未创建、turms-service启动时，应用自定义的初始密码。

    日志脱敏 ​

    TODO

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/storage.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/storage.html index 68fb8da0..51a4ef1d 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/storage.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/storage.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

    简体中文

    English

    简体中文

    English

    Appearance

    存储服务 ​

    Turms自身并不直接提供存储服务，而是在服务端侧开放了存储服务中常见的接口，以供开发者自行实现，而Turms客户端也提供了相对应的存储服务turmsClient.storageService的API，以供开发者自行调用。

    注意：

    • 开发者完全可以不用Turms客户端与服务端提供的任何接口，而是自己实现一套应用客户端与您自己服务端的交互存储逻辑。Turms只是自己维护了一套常见存储服务的实现，这样大部分开发者就不用自己从零开发了。即便开发者不打算用Turms的存储实现，由于各存储服务实现都是大同小异的，开发者也可以参考Turms的存储实现流程来实现自己的存储逻辑，以节省自研的时间。
    • Turms客户端存储服务提供的功能是Turms服务端官方存储服务插件功能的超集，即：Turms客户端存储服务被设计成既可以与Turms服务端官方存储服务插件进行交互，也可以被拓展与其他第三方插件进行交互。

    插件接口与配置 ​

    存储资源目前一共分为三个类型，分别是：User Profile Picture（用户资料图片）、Group Profile Picture（群组资料图片）与Message Attachment（消息附件）。而每个资源都有其对应的增（改）删查三个函数接口，以供开发者实现。

    接口 ​

    插件接口：im.turms.service.infra.plugin.extension.StorageServiceProvider

    接口函数介绍：

    资源类型函数名预期作用返回值说明
    用户资料图片deleteUserProfilePicture删除用户资料图片
    queryUserProfilePictureUploadInfo查询用户资料图片上传信息返回值格式为Map<String, String>，插件实现者可以自定义任意返回值
    queryUserProfilePictureDownloadInfo查询用户资料图片下载信息返回值格式为Map<String, String>，插件实现者可以自定义任意返回值
    群组资料图片deleteGroupProfilePicture删除群组资料图片
    queryGroupProfilePictureUploadInfo查询群组资料图片上传信息返回值格式为Map<String, String>，插件实现者可以自定义任意返回值
    queryGroupProfilePictureDownloadInfo查询群组资料图片下载信息返回值格式为Map<String, String>，插件实现者可以自定义任意返回值
    消息附件deleteMessageAttachment删除消息附件
    shareMessageAttachmentWithUser将消息附件分享给指定用户
    shareMessageAttachmentWithGroup将消息附件分享给指定群组
    unshareMessageAttachmentWithUser不再将消息附件分享给指定用户
    unshareMessageAttachmentWithGroup不再将消息附件分享给指定群组
    queryMessageAttachmentUploadInfo查询消息附件上传信息返回值格式为Map<String, String>，插件实现者可以自定义任意返回值
    queryMessageAttachmentUploadInfoInPrivateConversation查询私聊会话中的消息附件上传信息
    queryMessageAttachmentUploadInfoInGroupConversation查询群聊会话中的消息附件上传信息
    queryMessageAttachmentDownloadInfo查询消息附件下载信息返回值格式为Map<String, String>，插件实现者可以自定义任意返回值
    queryMessageAttachmentInfosUploadedByRequester查询请求者上传的消息附件
    queryMessageAttachmentInfosInPrivateConversations查询私聊会话中的消息附件
    queryMessageAttachmentInfosInGroupConversations查询群聊会话中的消息附件

    通用配置 ​

    配置项默认值说明
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.expire-after-days0自创建时间开始，资源的有效时长（天）。0值代表不会过期
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.allowed-referrers空只允许指定的Referrers访问资源
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.allowed-content-type*/*允许上传的资源Content-Type。*/*值代表无限制
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.min-size-bytes0允许上传的资源最小值。0值代表无限制
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.max-size-bytes1MB允许上传的资源最大值。0值代表无限制
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.download-url-expire-after-seconds300资源下载URL的有效时长（秒）
    turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture.upload-url-expire-after-seconds300资源上传URL的有效时长（秒）
    turms.service.storage.group-profile-picture....同turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture
    turms.service.storage.message-attachment....同turms.service.storage.user-profile-picture

    官方插件实现 ​

    Bucket的基础设计准则 ​

    由于对象存储服务提供的功能都大同小异，Turms当前与未来提供的基于对象存储服务的官方插件都会遵循下述的Bucket设计准则。

    如上所述，Turms目前包括三类存储资源，分别是User Profile Picture（用户资料图片）、Group Profile Picture（群组资料图片）与Message Attachment（消息附件），它们各自所对应的Bucket名分别为user-profile-picture、group-profile-picture与message-attachment。其中：

    • user-profile-picture与group-profile-picture为公开Buckets。对于这些资源的URL，Turms既支持生成规律的URL，以支持客户端自行预测资源URL，避免向Turms服务端发送查询资源URL的请求，也支持生成不规律的URL，以用于反爬虫。具体您的应用需要使用哪种URL，则要根据您产品自身的需求决定。
    • message-attachment为私有Bucket，通过Presigned URL为授权的用户提供临时访问消息附件用的URL。
    • 所有资源的上传流程都是基于通过Presigned URL为授权的用户提供临时的Multipart Upload接口实现的。

    当然，以上只是默认配置，当前主流对象存储服务都支持许多实用特性，如数据冷热分离存储（如Amazon S3 Intelligent-Tiering Storage Class）、加密、复杂的权限控制等等，用户可以在Turms创建的Buckets基础上，再自行通过对象存储服务做进行进一步的配置。

    turms-plugin-minio ​

    简介 ​

    turms-plugin-minio是一个基于开源对象存储服务MinIO而开发的turms-service存储服务实现插件。

    安装 ​

    当插件在服务端Start之后，客户端即可调用turmsClient.storageService下对应的API，对存储资源进行增删改查操作。

    客户端调用存储相关接口时的注意事项 ​

    由于Turms客户端的存储接口采用的是通用接口设计，并不是为turms-plugin-minio定制的，因此在调用客户端API时，需要注意以下事项：

    • 当调用queryMessageAttachment接口时，参数fetchDownloadInfo必须为true；当调用queryMessageAttachmentDownloadInfo接口时，参数fetch必须为true。

    业务功能 ​

    消息附件功能 ​
    上传消息附件 ​
    功能支持
    不指定任何会话，上传消息附件TODO
    上传消息附件给指定单个私聊会话✔
    上传消息附件给指定多个私聊会话
    上传消息附件给指定单个群聊会话✔
    上传消息附件给指定多个群聊会话
    删除消息附件 ​
    功能支持
    删除任意会话中的消息附件TODO
    分享与取消分享 ​
    功能支持
    分享已上传的消息附件给单个私聊会话✔
    分享已上传的消息附件给多个私聊会话
    分享已上传的消息附件给单个群聊会话✔
    分享已上传的消息附件给多个群聊会话
    取消与单个私聊会话的分享已上传的消息附件给单个私聊会话TODO
    取消分享已上传的消息附件给多个私聊会话
    分享已上传的消息附件给单个群聊会话TODO
    分享已上传的消息附件给多个群聊会话

    对于更高级的分享功能，诸如细致的权限控制、自定义分享时长、加密分享等功能，近期暂无计划支持。

    查询 ​
    功能支持
    指定单个私聊会话中，对方分享给我的附件✔
    指定单个私聊会话中，我发送给对方的附件✔
    指定单个私聊会话中，对方分享给我的附件与我发送给对方的附件✔
    指定多个私聊会话中，对方分享给我的附件
    指定多个私聊会话中，我发送给对方的附件
    指定多个私聊会话中，对方分享给我的附件与我发送给对方的附件
    所有私聊会话中，对方分享给我的附件
    所有私聊会话中，我发送给对方的附件不支持“只查询私聊会话中，我发送给对方的附件”，
    但支持“在所有会话中，我分享的附件”
    所有私聊会话中，对方分享给我的附件与我发送给对方的附件
    指定单个群聊会话中，指定单个用户（可以是我自己）分享的附件✔
    指定单个群聊会话中，指定多个用户（可以包括我自己）分享的附件✔
    指定单个群聊会话中，所有用户分享（包括我自己）的附件✔
    指定多个群聊会话中，指定单个用户（可以是我自己）分享的附件
    指定多个群聊会话中，指定多个用户（可以包括我自己）分享的附件
    指定多个群聊会话中，所有用户分享（包括我自己）的附件
    所有群聊会话中，指定单个用户分享的附件不支持“所有群聊会话中，指定我分享的附件”，
    但支持“在所有会话中，我分享的附件”
    所有群聊会话中，指定多个用户（可以包括我自己）分享的附件
    所有群聊会话中，所有用户分享（包括我自己）的附件
    在所有会话中，我分享的附件✔
    在所有会话中，其他各种查询对象

    权限控制 ​

    • 查看消息附件

      • 发送消息附件的用户无论有没有退出私聊或群聊会话，他们始终都有权限查询自己上传的消息附件。

        并且即使上传消息附件的用户退出该会话，该会话中的其他所有用户仍有权限查看该用户上传的消息附件。

      • 用户有且仅能查看在已加入的私聊或群聊会话中其他用户分享的消息附件。换言之，如果一位用户先加入了一个会话，而后又退出，则退出后的用户无法查看该会话中的附件。只有当该用户又再次加入该会话，才又有权限查看该会话中的附件。

    安全 ​

    上传限制：TODO

    存储文件数据校验 ​

    如果基于云服务来实现存储文件的数据校验，那逻辑的实现会相对简单。如在AWS上，可以通过S3的事件通知来触发自定义的Lambda函数对用户上传的数据做检验，又或者通过在CloudFront侧添加监听origin-response 事件的Lambda@Edge函数做校验，除了自定义的校验逻辑需要写一些代码外，其他功能基本靠点鼠标就能实现了。

    但由于MinIO作为独立的存储服务不支持诸如Lambda函数这样的Serverless架构特性，因此相对于Serverless的方案，基于MinIO的事件机制来实现低成本又高可用的数据校验逻辑就麻烦得多了。因此Turms暂不支持对存储文件做数据校验。之后会提供支持。

    配置 ​

    配置项默认值说明
    turms-plugin.minio.enabledtrue是否启动插件
    turms-plugin.minio.endpoint"http://localhost:9000"MinIO服务端的地址
    turms-plugin.minio.region""MinIO服务端的区域
    turms-plugin.minio.access-keyminioadminMinIO服务端的Access Key
    turms-plugin.minio.secret-keyminioadminMinIO服务端的Secret Key
    turms-plugin.minio.retry.enabledtrue初始化Buckets失败时，是否重试
    turms-plugin.minio.retry.initial-interval-millis30_000初始化Buckets失败时，首次重试间隔
    turms-plugin.minio.retry.interval-millis30_000初始化Buckets失败时，重试间隔
    turms-plugin.minio.retry.max-attempts3初始化Buckets失败时，最多重试次数
    turms-plugin.minio.resource-id.mac.enabledfalse是否对资源的Object Key进行MAC算法加密，以生成不可预测的URL来反爬虫。
    如果不开启该项，则用户可以通过用户ID或群组ID来获得对应的图片URL
    最终资源URL为：<bucket>/<base62(object key)><base62(mac(object key))>。如user-profile-picture/123456789 => user-profile-picture/8M0kX1aEllpuvXRV09grkIEtD4R
    注意：如果开启MAC算法，则客户端在调用queryXXXDownloadInfo系列接口时，要将参数fetch设置为true；在调用queryXXX系列接口时，要将参数fetchDownloadInfo设置为true
    turms-plugin.minio.resource-id.mac.base64-key"AHR1cm1zLWltL3R1cm1zgA=="Base64编码的MAC算法密钥
    turms-plugin.minio.resource-id.base62.enabledfalse是否对资源的Object Key进行Base62算法编码，以缩短URL的长度。
    最终资源URL为：<bucket>/<base62(object key)>，或<bucket>/<base62(object key)><base62(mac(object key))>。如user-profile-picture/123456789 => message-attachment/8M0kX或user-profile-picture/8M0kX1aEllpuvXRV09grkIEtD4R
    注意：1. 当turms-plugin.minio.resource-key.mac.enabled为true时，Base62算法会始终被应用。
    2. 如果开启Base62算法，则客户端在调用queryXXXDownloadInfo系列接口时，要将参数fetch设置为true；在调用queryXXX系列接口时，要将参数fetchDownloadInfo设置为true
    turms-plugin.minio.resource-id.base62.charset...Base62算法的字符集
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/system-resource-management.html b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/system-resource-management.html index f2794566..cf07b4bd 100644 --- a/docs/zh-CN/server/module/system-resource-management.html +++ b/docs/zh-CN/server/module/system-resource-management.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
    Turms Documentation

    简体中文

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    系统资源管理 ​

    内存与CPU资源对服务端的重要性不言而喻，Turms各模块都比较极致地使用内存与CPU，具体可参考各模块实现的文档与代码。而在另一方面，为保证服务端的正常运行，其内部也提供了一套健康检测机制，该机制配合上层的“拒绝服务”机制，以尽最大努力保证服务端能够正常运行。

    Turms提供系统资源监控配置类：im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.healthcheck.HealthCheckProperties，来允许用户配置可用内存占用率与CPU占用率。Turms服务端的HealthCheckManager会持续检测可用物理内存与CPU占用率，如果检测到可用物理内存过低或CPU占用率过高，则会：

    • 将自身在服务注册中心的isHealthy信息标记为false。由于RPC发送端只会从isHealthy为true的服务端中，挑选RPC的响应服务端，因此能实现类似背压的效果
    • 拒绝对外提供服务。具体而言：如果是turms-gateway服务端，则拒绝新会话的建立与用户请求的处理；如果是turms-service服务端，则拒绝处理turms-gateway服务端发来的RPC请求（注意：就算处于“不健康”状态，turms-service仍然会为管理员API提供服务）

    内存管理 ​

    JVM基础内存知识 ​

    JVM HotSpot虚拟机的内存区域可以划分为：

    • 堆内存（Heap Memory）：Eden区、Survivor区、老年代（Old Generation）

    • 非碓内存（Non-heap Memory）

      • 直接内存（Direct Memory）：Direct Buffer Pool
      • JVM内部内存（JVM Specific Memory）：本地方法栈、元空间、Code Cache等

      特别注意：通过函数java.lang.management.MemoryMXBean#getNonHeapMemoryUsage获得的NonHeapMemory并不包括Direct Buffer Pool（直接内存缓存池）。具体而言，该函数在JDK 21中所指的内存空间为：

      • CodeHeap 'non-nmethods'
      • CodeHeap 'non-profiled nmethods'
      • CodeHeap 'profiled nmethods'
      • Compressed Class Space
      • Metaspace

    参考文档：How to Monitor VM Internal Memory

    可控内存（Managed Memory）的使用 ​

    Turms服务端的可控内存指的是堆内存（Heap Memory）与直接内存（Direct Memory）这两块区域。

    堆内存 ​

    实践意义 ​

    堆内存的实践意义比较容易理解，就是尽可能配置大的堆内存，以减少GC次数与stop-the-world事件的发生。

    配置 ​

    JVM默认的堆配置如下：

    -XX:MaxRAMPercentage=75
 -XX:InitialRAMPercentage=75

    其中：

    • InitialRAMPercentage与MaxRAMPercentage指定了需要reserve内存的大小，但Turms服务端访问该内存区域时仍会发生缺页异常。虽然JVM可以通过配置AlwaysPreTouch，将reserved内存直接转换成committed内存，来避免服务端在运行时发生缺页异常。但因为开启该选项后，服务端很难监控真正被使用了的堆内存，因此目前不推荐添加该配置。
    • InitialRAMPercentage与MaxRAMPercentage设成一样的值主要是为了尽可能保证内存的连续性，避免服务端因为内存扩容与缩容，反复进行GC与stop-the-world操作。
    • 堆内存没有配置为接近100%的值，这是为了把剩余的物理内存让给JVM自身的堆外内存（如占最大头的直接内存、CodeCache、Metaspace等）、系统内核（如维护TCP连接时的缓冲区）与边车服务（如：日志采集服务）使用。

    另外，推荐生产环境不要给Turms服务端分配超过32GB内存。因为：

    • 开启JVM的指针压缩技术，以减少不必要的内存占用
    • 避免单个服务端承载太多负荷，在停机时减缓惊群效应，提升用户体验

    直接内存 ​

    下文所述的所有直接内存在实际代码中，都是由PooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT分配，即它们都是被Netty缓存与管理的直接内存。

    实践意义 ​

    直接内存的容量上限影响Turms服务端在同一时刻能够处理的客户端请求与管理员API请求的峰值

    主要使用方 ​
    • 网络I/O操作。如基于Netty的：第三方依赖mongo-driver-java与Lettuce等驱动；Turms服务端自身面向客户端的TCP/HTTP服务端实现。
    • 日志打印。Turms自研的日志打印实现直接将Java基础数据写入直接内存块中，再将其写入文件描述符。

    换言之，基本上所有需要系统内核访问的内存区域，我们都是直接使用直接内存，以避免无意义的堆内存拷贝。

    注意：在Linux系统中，Turms使用的直接内存仍处于用户空间内，因此将直接内存写入设备（如网卡与硬盘）时，仍需要进行用户空间到内核空间、内核空间到设备的两次拷贝，而这两次拷贝操作是上层服务端无法避免的。

    生命周期 ​

    因为在Turms服务端中，直接内存的生命周期与客户端请求与管理员API请求的生命周期高度一致，一块直接内存通常只会在一个请求的部分或全部生命周期中存在。具体而言，其生命周期大体如下：

    • 一个请求的生命周期开始于Netty对TCP字节流进行切割的阶段，Netty根据varint编码的header（其值表示的Payload长度），来对TCP字节流进行切割，而当这块内存被切割出来时（注意：这里没有发生内存拷贝），这块代表请求的直接内存的生命周期也就此开始了。

    • 在Turms服务端将这块内存解析成具体的请求模型之后，Turms会判断该类型的请求是否需要使用代表它自己的直接内存。如果该请求的处理逻辑不需要使用这块内存，则这块内存会被马上回收回Netty的内存缓存池中。否则，诸如“转发用户消息”这样的请求需要使用这块内存，则该块内存不会被马上回收。接着Turms会对该请求进行业务逻辑处理。

    • 在业务处理的过程中，可能会涉及到其他网络I/O操作（如向MongoDB/Redis发请求）或日志打印操作，这两类操作都需要从Netty管理的内存缓冲池中取出新的直接内存块，以进行MongoDB/Redis客户端请求的编码与响应解码操作、或日志打印操作。

    • 等Turms服务端最终将请求响应的直接内存Flush到网卡后，除了代表日志记录的直接内存外，该过程所涉及的其他直接内存也都会被回收。

      唯一一种例外情况是：如果一个请求的直接内存需要转发给多个客户端，那么Turms会通过引用计数器将该请求的生命周期与其直接内存的生命周期分离，以保证能够将同一块直接内存转发给多个客户端，以避免内存拷贝。

      注意：

      1. 上文所述的直接内存回收并不是将内存回收给系统，而是回收回由Netty管理的内存池中，该内存并不会在这时被真正释放。
      2. 直接内存主要是通过：当Pooled ByteBuf被release时，Netty会检测其所属Chunk是否已闲置（使用率为0%）。如果是，则通过函数io.netty.buffer.PoolArena#destroyChunk真正释放该内存。

    由于该生命周期的存在，堆内存与直接内存的真实使用率其实具有关联性。堆内存的增长主要是因为Turms服务端接收到了客户端请求或管理员API请求后处理的一系列逻辑。而在一过程中，直接内存的使用率增高是因为请求的解码与响应的编码、逻辑中的网络I/O操作的编解码与日志打印。当请求的生命周期结束时，堆内存与直接内存也就都可以被回收了。

    内存健康检测 ​

    配置 ​

    配置类：im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.healthcheck.MemoryHealthCheckProperties

    如上文所述，要想让运维人员准确评估服务端应该使用多少内存其实是非常困难，甚至不现实的事，尤其是一些关键系统内核（如TCP连接）所占内存是动态变化的，因此MemoryHealthCheckProperties除了提供诸如maxAvailableMemoryPercentage与maxAvailableDirectMemoryPercentage这样限定Turms服务端可使用内存上限的配置，同时也提供了minFreeSystemMemoryBytes这一配置，让Turms服务端能够实时检测系统的可用物理内存，并尽最大努力预留这些内存出来。

    内存监控实现——MemoryHealthChecker ​

    作用：

    • 检测到系统物理内存不足时，通知上层服务拒绝处理用户会话与请求，以尽最大努力保证不会耗尽物理内存，并避免使用Swap内存
    • 如果检测到系统物理内存不足时，且已用堆内存超过heapMemoryGcThresholdPercentage，则调用System.gc()来建议JVM进行Full GC

    特别注意

    • 如上文所述，直接内存的生命周期与请求的生命周期高度一致，因此就算MemoryHealthChecker检测到了已用总内存已经超过XX，它也不会主动尝试去释放直接内存，而是等待Netty内部的内存管理机制对其进行释放
    • 综上，尽管Turms服务端会尽最大努力不去耗尽物理内存，但对于极端突发的大量请求，Turms服务端还是有可能会耗尽物理内存，此时会采用Swap内存。如果Swap内存被系统关闭或Swap内存不足，则Turms服务端将直接抛出OutOfMemoryError异常。因此我们可以把使用Swap内存当作最后一道防线，故非常不推荐在生产环境中关闭Swap内存。

    关于Valhalla项目——Codes like a class, works like an int ​

    Java的内存占用一直为人所诟病，诸如一个Integer对象所存放的对象头所需的内存（在64位系统且开启了压缩指针的情况下，为12字节）大于实际int数据数倍，也因为这样的设计缺陷，导致编程时还需要一些变通手段，如在使用Integer对象时，JVM会优先使用java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache类里的对象缓存。相比很多追求性能优化（甚至是寄存器级别的优化）的C++服务端项目（如Nginx、Redis），由于Java自身的设计缺陷与保守，Java对内存的浪费就让人感觉有些“自暴自弃”了，并且更糟糕的是：这样的精神也传导给了整个Java生态圈。通过阅读源码，能发现很多知名Java项目也是“功能能用，代码写着舒服，性能差不多就行，反正JVM会帮忙GC”的态度，诸如可以很容易做Cache的地方不Cache、基础数据结构乱用、反复内存拷贝（如最常见的String与StringBuilder在实践中，通常来来回回拷贝很多次，源码让人触目惊心），只有诸如Netty这样极个别项目会有性能优化与精益求精的意识，关于这点我们已经在其他章节重点讲解了，故不赘述。

    而Valhalla项目对现有的Java Object体系进行了重构。原有的Object在新的Java体系中叫做IdentityObject，而新体系下的Object则成了IdentityObject与ValueObject的父类（注意：Valhalla团队尚未定稿，因此概念可能还会变），二者有些类似于C#的Reference types与Value types。其中ValueObject下分两大类，即primitive class与value class。primitive class可以让开发者自定义性能如Java传统八大基础类型一样高效的数据结构，无需对象头、访问时无需通过指针查找、栈上分配，自然也无需进行GC，同时这些类也能声明字段并定义函数。而Java传统的八大基本类型也将基于新的对象体系重新进行设计，如int这样的primitive type将成为primitive class（primitive class是value class的一种类型，其值不可为null），而其包装类（Wrapper Class） Integer与可能会支持的int.ref将成为value class（值可为null），因此未来也不会有包装类这一概念了。

    举例来说，类primitive class Point { private double x; private double y; }的primitive实例对象只需占用2个double的字节，即16字节，无需对象头。

    等Valhalla项目发布Preview版本后，我们将引入ValueObject，并改造诸如DTO对象与各种包装类（如Date与ByteArrayWrapper）等代码实现，以极大地减少内存开销与对象数量并加快GC速度。并且由于我们已等待该项目数年，非常熟悉其设计，故可在一周内完成适配与测试工作。这也是我们会为Preview特性开绿灯的唯一特性。

    补充：

    • 其实Java的发展历程也印证了我们谈到过的“IM功能丰富要付出致命的代价”的观点，即一个项目引以为傲的特性，其背后可能藏着万丈深渊。

      Java曾引以为傲的Everything is an object，并强调Java has no structures or unions as complex data types. You don't need structures and unions when you have classes（引用自Sun公司在1995年发布的Java白皮书：Simple, Object Oriented, and Familiar）来宣传Java远比C与C++简单易用。

      （额外补充：纵观Java的发展史，开发者也会感叹因Java能够不断顺应时代发展，调整自身发展方向，过五关斩六将而展现出来的强大生命力）

      但在当今的编程实践中，提倡“万物皆对象”而不提供structure更像是诅咒，诸如当我们将一个int放进一个List<Integer>时，还需要new一个新对象，徒增对象头。换言之，只要我们使用了Java提供的List与Map等常用数据结构，就得白白浪费非常多的内存，而这些集合类在实际项目中又是无法避免的，它就像诅咒一样挥之不去（补充：其实诸如HashSet与LinkedList的内部数据结构比很多开发者能想象到的内存浪费还要浪费，对象头占的内存比实际数据占的还多，也因此我们看其源码时会使用“触目惊心”来评价）。

      如今，Valhalla项目希望通过引入primitive/value class语言特性来改变这现状，但因为其既要向前兼容庞大的Java生态，又要让Java摆脱传统万物皆对象的诅咒，导致Valhalla项目的发展如履薄冰，光是设计稿就推翻了非常多次，至今花了近8年时间也没发布Preview特性，且未来还得花很长时间让开发者重新认识新的Java语言模型。可见，一个项目初期引以为傲的特性，可能会在项目发展的中后期就成“诅咒”了，既让项目的维护者头疼，也让使用者头疼。

      IM功能设计也是同样的道理，具备强生命力的设计应该遵循Less is more的设计理念。“IM功能丰富”看似是值得引以为傲的特性，开发者初期以为开源IM项目都为自己把功能都做好了，自己基本什么也不用做了。但这背后都是有代价的，项目拓展性可能极差，中后期做拓展还不如自己重写。

    • 如果Java没有Valhalla这个项目，可能Turms服务端最初会以C#语言立项。

    参考文档：Valhalla项目下的Java语言模型

    线程 ​

    由于Turms服务端不存在阻塞I/O，诸如RPC、MongoDB与Redis的网络请求都是基于Netty异步实现的，如果更往下看，在Linux系统上，即都为epoll相关操作，因此服务端所需的线程数远远少于传统Java Web应用。

    以16核CPU为例，turms-gateway与turms-service的线程数峰值的范围约在80~140（含JVM内部线程）之间，具体峰值数要根据服务器的CPU内核数与所运行的服务端个数（如一个turms-gateway可以同时启动TCP/WebSocket/UDP服务端）而定。

    特别值得一提的是：Turms的线程峰值数与同时在线用户规模与请求QPS无关。

    补充：正因为Turms服务端自身使用的线程数相比CPU核数而言并不算多，因此在个别代码中我们直接使用ThreadLocal缓存一些相对大且线程不安全的对象，并且相比传统服务端，Turms也极大地减少了线程上下文切换带来的开销。

    CPU健康监控 ​

    配置类：im.turms.server.common.infra.property.env.common.healthcheck.CpuHealthCheckProperties

    作用：监控CPU使用率，如果N次检测到CPU使用率超过阈值，则将节点的isHealthy设为false，并与其他节点共享该状态，同时拒绝提供服务，直到CPU使用率健康。具体配置见上述的配置类。

    Turms线程列表 ​

    使用范围类别线程名数量作用
    通用Admin HTTP服务端线程turms-admin-http-accptor1Admin HTTP服务端Acceptor线程
    turms-admin-http-workerCPU核数Admin HTTP服务端Worker线程
    用户黑名单turms-client-blocklist-sync1用于同步集群间的黑名单数据
    健康检测turms-health-checker1
    日志turms-log-processor1用于日志格式化与输出
    Shutdownturms-shutdown1服务端关闭时，调度各组件的Shutdown任务
    定时任务turms-task-manager1用于调度定时任务
    集群实现turms-node-connection-client-ioCPU核数节点通信I/O线程
    turms-node-connection-keepalive1用于定时发送节点间的心跳，剔除心跳过期的对端节点
    turms-node-connection-retry1节点连接重连线程
    turms-node-connection-server-acceptor1节点连接服务端Acceptor线程
    turms-node-connection-server-workerCPU核数节点连接服务端Worker线程
    turms-node-discovery-change-notifier1节点增删改事件通知线程
    turms-node-discovery-heartbeat-refresher1用于Leader节点在服务注册中心刷新心跳时间，
    Redis客户端lettuce-event-loopRedis客户端I/O线程
    MongoDBturms-mongo-change-watcher1用于执行MongoDB Change Stream回调函数
    mongo-event-loopMongoDB客户端I/O线程
    turms-gatewayFake客户端turms-fake-clientCPU核数Fake Turms客户端I/O线程
    turms-fake-client-manager1调度Fake Turms客户端发送请求
    turms-client-heartbeat-refresher1用于定时批量刷新客户端心跳
    Gateway服务端turms-gateway-udp-acceptor1UDP服务端Acceptor线程
    turms-gateway-udp-workerCPU核数UDP服务端Worker线程
    turms-gateway-tcp-acceptor1TCP服务端Acceptor线程
    turms-gateway-tcp-workerCPU核数TCP服务端Worker线程
    turms-gateway-ws-acceptor1WebSocket服务端Acceptor线程
    turms-gateway-ws-workerCPU核数WebSocket服务端Worker线程
    turms-gateway-idle-connection-timeout-timer1用于监听并关闭长期没与服务端建立应用层用户会话的网络连接
    客户端限流防刷turms-ip-request-token-bucket-cleaner1用于清除过期了的Token Bucket数据

    线程模型 ​

    （相关文档：Linux系统参考配置、源码-网络配置）

    业务处理TCP/WebSocket服务端与HTTP后台管理API服务端 ​

    业务处理TCP/WebSocket服务端与HTTP后台管理API服务端的实现均采用主从Reactor多线程模型。具体而言，均使用一个Acceptor线程（主Reactor组、Boss EventLoopGroup）与CPU核数个数的Worker线程组（从Reactor组、Worker EventLoopGroup）。其中：

    • Acceptor线程通过io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#run函数，从ServerSocketChannel监听TCP客户端的连接事件，并为已连接的TCP客户端创建对应的SocketChannel，将其分配给一个Worker线程进行后续处理。

      Acceptor线程名为：turms-gateway-tcp-acceptor、turms-gateway-ws-acceptor或turms-admin-http-acceptor。

      主要相关Linux系统配置：net.core.somaxconn（TCP accept队列最大长度）。

    • 一个Worker线程可以绑定并处理多个SocketChannel，并通过io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#run来不断监听SocketChannel的read事件与需要处理write任务，并在读写字节流时执行ChannelPipeline中一系列ChannelHandler的编解码函数，完成字节编解码任务。

      在Worker线程完成客户端请求的解码工作后，Worker线程就会执行Turms服务端的源码-客户端请求处理逻辑了（注意：这里并不需要切换线程）。而在这个业务请求处理过程中，最耗时的是客户端请求的Protobuf解码与MongoDB与Redis请求的编码操作，而IM逻辑只是完成IM业务逻辑的调度，因此并不耗时。特别一提的是，在业务请求的处理过程中，如果需要对一个字符串进行敏感词过滤检测，并采用MASK_TEXT策略，则其性能表现可以简单约等于Java的String#getBytes("UTF-8")，因此也不耗时。

      Worker线程名为：turms-gateway-tcp-worker、turms-gateway-ws-worker或turms-admin-http-worker。

      主要Linux系统配置：net.ipv4.tcp_mem、net.ipv4.tcp_rmem、net.ipv4.tcp_wmem

    Node服务端与客户端 ​

    TODO

    Lettuce与MongoDB客户端 ​

    TODO

    判断任意一行代码在哪个线程组上执行的方法 ​

    在了解了上述Turms服务端的线程模型后，读者可以很容易地判断Turms服务端任意一行代码会执行在哪个线程组上。

    以处理客户端业务请求为例，从Netty的Worker线程读完一个Turms客户端发来的TurmsRequest字节流开始，这一整条业务处理流程都会在该Worker线程上执行，该线程在处理完业务逻辑后就可以返回去处理其他业务请求了。

    而在业务流程处理过程中，Worker线程可能会触发各种网络I/O操作，诸如发送MongoDB与Redis的客户端请求。当这些网络I/O操作完成后，会有一系列的业务相关的回调函数需要执行，而这些回调函数都会执行在MongoDB或Redis客户端NIO线程上。

    简而言之，开发者在Service层看到的所有非回调形式的业务处理代码都是在Worker线程上执行的，而各种回调形式的业务处理代码通常都是在MongoDB或Redis客户端的NIO线程上执行。管理员API同理。

    关于Loom项目——Codes like sync, works like async ​

    背景 ​

    很多相对长寿的技术方案一方面即得益于其丰富的生态而长寿，另一方面又因为其丰富的生态而尾大不掉，由于不能顺应时代发展，而最终退出历史舞台。而在Java生态中，各种技术方案的阻塞实现其实就是危及Java在新时代发展的一大拦路虎。其中，JDBC阻塞实现就是Java异步生态实现的最大障碍，Turms没有采用传统SQL数据库的原因之一就是：当时的Java生态圈没有成熟的异步JDBC实现，甚至一些项目因此不以Java立项，而改用Go或C#等语言，只留下一句“Java的线程模型不够“云原生”，生态圈太落后”。

    而Loom项目的革命性就在于它正式地将协程（Virtual Thread）引入了Java的世界，让看似同步的代码也能以异步方式执行。

    从Turms服务端角度，谈我们对Loom项目的态度 ​

    尽管上面说了Loom项目的革命之处，但Turms项目未来也不会采用Loom项目提供的协程，因为对于Turms服务端项目来说，协程只能增加新问题（如栈拷贝），并且不能解决已有的问题。具体原因如下：

    • 协程的革命性在于其试图解决Java生态重度使用阻塞API（如JDBC）的现状，让看似同步的代码以异步方式执行。但Turms服务端在处理客户端业务请求时没有阻塞I/O，协程的革命性在Turms服务端这发挥不了作用。且如果有第三方库使用了阻塞I/O，那我们通常会对其作者的技术水平产生怀疑，并不会使用其实现。

    • Loom项目引入了基于StackCopy的协程，该协程在park的时候需要保存调用栈到堆上，在unpark并执行thaw操作的时候又要从堆上取回调用栈，但这对Turms服务端来说就多此一举了，因为Turms服务端在处理客户端业务请求时没有阻塞I/O，不需要park。一些推广Loom项目的文章会讲到协程具有“就算开数万个协程，也只需占用这么一点内存”的优点，但Turms服务端只需开0个协程，多使用0字节的内存也能实现同样的效果。

      另外，尽管保存调用栈能解决reactor-core的一大致命缺点“异常的栈信息基本没用，很难Debug”，但reactor-core在Turms服务端的优化下已经克服了这个缺点（具体见下文补充：reactor-core的缺点）。

    • 协程的学习难度是“1+1>2”，其学习曲线其实高于reactor-core。说协程的学习难度是“1+1>2”是因为：开发者同时要掌握线程与协程的使用、原理和优化，同时还要能保证以线程为模型的传统代码要能正确地运行在协程当中，而掌握reactor-core只需要最基本的线程知识。

      一些开发者可能会认为reactor-core的使用会比协程复杂，但这样的说法通常只是从初学者角度来看的。对于初级工程师而言，其实不管是协程，还是reactor-core，在不学习其原理的情况下，二者表面的使用其实都很简单。只是在开发者学习的初期，协程可以在Java层面保证了初级工程师很容易写出高性能的代码，而reactor-core最好要有高级工程师带着初级程序员写，否则代码可能维护性极差、甚至出现逻辑错误。但只要过了这短暂的初学阶段，学习协程就会面临刚刚提到的“学习难度1+1>2”的问题，而reactor-core只要求工程师掌握最基本的线程知识。

      如判断任意一行代码在哪个线程组上执行的方法所述，对于Turms服务端（含第三方库）的任意一行代码，我们只需要凭借最基本的线程知识，就能准确推断出这行代码会在哪个线程组上执行，并且这个线程组是谁、从哪、为什么被创建出来的，其生命周期又是如何。

      另外，我们在编写Turms服务端代码的时候，几乎不会考虑“该如何用reactor-core编写异步的代码”，如同很多开发者不会考虑“同步的代码该怎么写”。

    • 协程对Java大生态的兼容性还是个问号。Loom项目自身其实还有很长的路要走，需要有大量项目来踩坑与验证。诸如像Netty这样与线程紧密相关的基础网络库如果在协程交互时，出现任何负优化、显式错误、或隐藏非预期行为，其对上层应用的影响都是地动山摇的。

    • 协程引入了新的抽象层（协程），而这层抽象层对于Turms服务端来说是多余的，只会徒增资源开销与学习难度。尤其是在我们编写性能相关的关键代码时，我们通常是以系统调用的视角来写Java层的代码，Java只是帮忙给系统调用套了层皮，而这层皮应该越“薄”越好，这样我们才能快速明白JVM到底是调用了什么syscall，以评估我们Java层的代码是否足够高效，还有没有优化的空间。

    • Java异步实现至今约有十个方案，但其实Java这层异步模型的皮再怎么折腾，生态再怎么变化，再怎么具有“革命性”，系统层的调用函数还是没变。诸如该用epoll还用epoll，该用堆外内存还用堆外内存。Turms服务端没有必要因为协程更“时尚”，而使用协程，多引入一个抽象层。

    • reactor-core不仅实现了异步调用，还具备比协程更强的表达能力。举例来说，如果我们想要知道一个链路的成功率、执行时间等度量数据，只需要调用metrics(...)这么一个函数；想要在数据流出现错误时，按条件进行一定次数的自动重试，只需要调用retry(...)；想要将切换数据流的执行线程，只需要执行publishOn(...)这么一个函数，线程的调度逻辑尽在掌握之中。

    综上，有栈协程既在Turms服务端这发挥不了作用，性能表现也不会比Turms服务端下的reactor-core优秀，生态还有无数的坑要有项目去踩与验证，对Turms服务端无意义的协程抽象也是冗余，徒增学习难度的，reactor-core的表达能力也比协程优秀，Turms服务端很难有理由会去使用协程。

    当然，上文所述内容主要是针对Turms服务端项目而言的，Loom对于绝大多数Java项目来说还是利大于弊，尤其是第三方库作者不用再需要维护同步与异步两套实现。

    补充：reactor-core的缺点 ​

    如同我们在关于依赖库的使用章节已经提到过的，reactor-core这样的异步实现库最致命的缺点在于，当它结合一些提倡“多做封装、多做抽象、用户无需关闭实现逻辑”的依赖库时，开发者只能寄希望于服务端能够始终正常运行，否则一旦遇到了一个Bug，开发者很快就会情不自禁地产生一连串的疑问：“reactor-core这样的异步框架能用在生产环境吗？我连异常是哪里抛的都找不到，这样的代码真得能维护吗？”，部分项目组的技术人员因此后悔使用了reactor-core，甚至采用其他语言，如Go，来重写当前Java项目。

    举例而言，控制台现在报了一个错“Netty提示：ByteBuf的引用计数已经为0，无法再次进行释放操作”。特别注意，这里并没有省去任何有用的日志信息，这就是开发者真正能从日志看到的所有有用信息。甚至这条日志去除了误导信息，即其堆栈信息。如果开发者根据堆栈信息去Debug，那永远都无法找到真实的Root Cause。而开发者能仅凭这行日志，知道为什么会发生这个异常，并定位出哪个模块导致的这个异常吗？这是Turms真实发生过的一个Bug，也是唯一一个花费6小时以上时间，去阅读Turms所有依赖的所有网络I/O相关源码，并排查Root Cause的最难解决的Bug：Memory leaks when Turms uses the previous buffer reference to release a recycled pooled buffer。

    总之，想要用好reactor-core必须满足三个条件：

    1. 所有关键代码必须可控，否则出错的时候只能寄希望于：

      • 第三方库的开发人员技术水平高，代码设计功底扎实。如果第三方依赖也是基于异步编程，那这个要求就更高，作者要能够预判上层开发者可能会遇到的异常，并通过异步手段，把异常抛给上层应用。

      • 第三方库不复杂，能快速阅读完相关源码。

        一个优秀的例子就是：reactor-netty。其开发人员的技术水平高，设计功底扎实。代码也比较精简，容易阅读。

    2. 必须规范地传递异常与打印日志。就算是异步编程，只要规范地传递异常与打印日志，我们通过单条日志也能马上看出绝大部分Bug的缘由，只有个别Bug可能需要关联多条日志进行排查。如果做不到这点，出错时只能听天由命。

    3. 团队里必须要有工程师熟练掌握异步编程。

    只要缺少上面的一个条件，开发者迟早会遇到类似上述的“Netty提示：ByteBuf的引用计数已经为0，无法再次进行释放操作”这样难度的Bug，也因此对于一般的技术团队，我们更推荐Loom项目，而不是reactor-core。当然，更推荐的可能是切换编程语言。但Turms项目如今已经能满足上述条件，不再存在“异常难以Debug”的情况。

    额外补充：

    • 部分文章会说reactor-core这样的异步框架很容易写出回调地狱。但如上文所述，reactor-core自身有很强的表达能力，实际上是开发者“想设计几层，就能写出几层的调用层级”。换言之，如果一个函数的最高调用层级是5层，那用reactor-core可以写出5/4/3/2/1层级的代码。而在实践中，Turms服务端的嵌套回调函数都是为了减少中间对象或实现栈分配（而非堆分配）而做的嵌套，具体可以看Turms服务端源码。
    • 在开发turms-admin管理系统的时候，我们通常也是尽量避免使用await/async，其原因是turms-admin最终会transpile成ES5语法，而被await/async修饰的函数在source map关闭之后，非常难Debug，故尽量避免await/async。
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    Turms Documentation

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    XMPP ​

    背景 ​

    XMPP是一种以XML为基础的开放式即时通信协议。

    Turms自身不采用XMPP协议是因为：

    • 设计非常低效：
      • 数据格式采用了冗余低效的XML协议，其元数据很多时候比实际传输的数据还大。
      • XMPP的流程设计中，存在大量低效设计，比如将用户头像图片转换成Base64文本进行传输，又比如用户修改了某些个人信息，服务端需要将该信息主动推送给其联系列表中订阅其在线状态的用户。
    • 拓展性差。一些文章会说XMPP拓展性强，但这种“拓展性强”也只是相对于那些没啥拓展性的协议而言的。真正拓展性强的协议肯定是自研协议。

    但考虑到以下两点，我们计划在近期适配Turms服务端，以对XMPP协议提供支持：

    • XMPP的生态恰好弥补了Turms的一个缺点，即：一些开发者在Turms项目下反馈：基于Turms从零开始实现一套定制的IM应用还是比较复杂的，尤其还需要自己的团队来实现UI界面并适配接口，因此目前Turms更适合想深耕IM的团队来研究与使用，并不适合快速发布产品。

      而XMPP正好有着比较丰富的客户端生态，Turms服务端只要稍微适配下，就能为XMPP客户端提供服务。这样用户既可以快速使用各种带UI的XMPP客户端对外提供服务，又能享受到Turms的优点，等用户想打造专属于自己的IM应用后，可以再逐步淘汰XMPP客户端，并转移到Turms客户端上。

      补充：由于Turms的定位，我们在长期计划中都不考虑安排“提供带UI的客户端实现”相关的任务。换一种说法，我们只会在发布了为Turms定制的压测平台、数据分析平台等平台，并实现了各种拓展功能特性与各种Bug修复，才会开始考虑提供带UI的客户端，因此该任务的优先级是极低的。

    • 大部分知名的XMPP开源服务端项目的不仅技术架构老套、技术栈陈旧、性能糟糕，而且代码水平与工程能力都偏低。以Tigase项目为例，作为发展了数十年的开源项目，竟然还会犯大量用==比较字符串的低级错误，又或者大量地将数据模型与业务逻辑杂糅在一起，没有代码设计的能力，开发水平之低，令人咋舌。

      尽管部分开源XMPP服务端会宣传自己的架构可拓展性“Scalable”强，但其可拓展性跟Turms比起来，就相形见绌了。Turms是在真正意义上，在架构、自身代码实现、数据库设计等方面，尽量把各方面（包括可拓展性）做到极致的项目，因此在中大型IM领域，Turms可以对其进行降维打击。

    注意：其实我们并没有计划让Turms服务端取代其他XMPP服务端，因为XMPP服务端与Turms服务端的定位非常不同，XMPP服务端的一大作用是实现即时通讯的开放互通（就像邮件一样开放互通），但Turms服务端支持XMPP协议主要是为了让用户可以快速使用XMPP客户端与Turms服务端互通，从而快速对外提供服务，而且我们也没计划支持Turms服务端与其他XMPP服务端互通。

    实现原理 ​

    • turms-gateway服务端内部先实现了一个定制的XMPP服务端。

      补充：需要定制是因为Turms服务端用不到XMPP协议规定的一些功能，因此也就没必要实现了，但定制的XMPP服务端依旧能兼容标准的XMPP客户端。

    • 该XMPP服务端在接收到XMPP客户端的请求后，会将这些请求转换成对应的Turms服务调用，因此从后续调用的角度看，XMPP客户端请求与Turms客户端请求走得都是类似的逻辑，最终实现XMPP客户端与Turms客户端互通。

      补充：

      • 二者使用“类似的逻辑”是因为它们的业务流程略有差异，并不是100%的一对一关系。
      • XMPP客户端与Turms客户端共用账号体系，因此一个账号既可以使用XMPP客户端登陆，也可以用Turms客户端登陆。
      • XMPP客户端并不知道Turms客户端这一概念，反之亦然。二者之所以能互通是因为turms-gateway会将数据转换为它们能理解的协议格式，再进行发送。
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    Turms Documentation

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    turms-admin ​

    turms-admin是一个为Turms项目定制的后台管理单页应用（SPA），具体包括：集群管理（集群监控、集群配置）、内容管理、客户端黑名单、权限控制、客户端终端，这五大版块。

    注意：turms-admin的定位仅仅是Turms服务端Admin API的可视化Web应用，因此turms-admin自身不提供任何数据采集、数据分析与报警等功能。

    部署概要 ​

    Turms采用了前后端分离设计，对于Turms的服务端而言，它们甚至不“知道”有turms-admin这个前端项目的存在。turms-admin的前端项目只是提供诸如JavaScript、CSS与图像等静态资源文件，因此用户甚至可以通过本地的静态HTML文件，直接在浏览器中打开turms-admin，并与Turms服务端进行交互。但为了方便开发者进行运维与部署，turms-admin项目也提供了以下两个部署方案。

    Docker镜像（推荐） ​

    shell
    docker run -d -p 6510:6510 ghcr.io/turms-im/turms-admin

    该镜像通过内置的Nginx服务端对外提供turms-admin的静态资源。您在运行完该指令后，就能访问http://localhost:6510页面了

    简易Web服务端 ​

    turms-admin项目自身也提供了基于Node.js的简易Web服务端，这个Web服务端会通过HTTP接口，对外提供turms-admin的静态资源，并默认搭载PM2进行turms-admin的进程管理。

    安装与执行步骤 ​

    1. 安装Node.js
    2. 在turms-admin目录下，执行npm run quickstart指令，该指令由npm install && npm run build && npm run start组成，包括了依赖包安装、前端构建与服务端执行。等待PM2提示turms-admin的status为online，表明turms-admin服务端进程已启动
    3. 打开浏览器，并访问http://localhost:6510页面

    常用运维指令 ​

    start：执行turms-admin服务端进程

    stop：终止turms-admin服务端进程

    delete：终止turms-admin服务端进程，并删除其在PM2的进程记录

    restart：重启turms-admin服务端

    reload：重新加载turms-admin服务端配置

    更多指令与服务端配置，可参考PM2文档

    版块介绍 ​

    集群管理：

    • 集群监控：查看集群的实时运行状态；查看某一个服务端的具体信息与度量数据
    • 集群配置：该部分对应着Turms服务端的全局配置功能，可以零停机实时地修改Turms服务端配置
    • 集群飞行记录器：管理集群各节点的飞行记录器
    • 集群插件：管理集群各节点的插件

    内容管理：增删改查各种业务数据

    客户端黑名单：该部分对应着Turms服务端的全局黑名单机制，用于增删改查黑名单记录

    权限控制：用于增删改管理员的信息与权限

    客户端终端：搭载turms-client-js客户端实现，用于管理员快速测试真实客户端请求与服务端响应

    TODO：贴GIF演示图

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