crypto_clusters.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "id": "0efc60a2-27f9-42a7-885c-33f191c5a9b4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# import dependencies\n",
    "\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler\n",
    "from sklearn.decomposition import PCA\n",
    "from sklearn.manifold import TSNE\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "from sklearn.cluster import KMeans"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "e296d0f8-e344-4a6d-84d9-e51396860b4f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# read in CSV data using Pandas to make a dataframe\n",
    "file = \"crypto_data.csv\"\n",
    "df = pd.read_csv(file)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "2ae78fb2-03b2-4b97-8c4d-f91e624cc2cd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>CoinName</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm</th>\n",
       "      <th>IsTrading</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinsMined</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinSupply</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>42 Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.199995e+01</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>365</td>\n",
       "      <td>365Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>X11</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>2300000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>404</td>\n",
       "      <td>404Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.055185e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>532000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>611</td>\n",
       "      <td>SixEleven</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>611000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>808</td>\n",
       "      <td>808</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000e+00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1247</th>\n",
       "      <td>XBC</td>\n",
       "      <td>BitcoinPlus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.283270e+05</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1248</th>\n",
       "      <td>DVTC</td>\n",
       "      <td>DivotyCoin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.149121e+07</td>\n",
       "      <td>100000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1249</th>\n",
       "      <td>GIOT</td>\n",
       "      <td>Giotto Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>233100000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1250</th>\n",
       "      <td>OPSC</td>\n",
       "      <td>OpenSourceCoin</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>21000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1251</th>\n",
       "      <td>PUNK</td>\n",
       "      <td>SteamPunk</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>40000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>1252 rows × 7 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     Unnamed: 0        CoinName Algorithm  IsTrading ProofType  \\\n",
       "0            42         42 Coin    Scrypt       True   PoW/PoS   \n",
       "1           365         365Coin       X11       True   PoW/PoS   \n",
       "2           404         404Coin    Scrypt       True   PoW/PoS   \n",
       "3           611       SixEleven   SHA-256       True       PoW   \n",
       "4           808             808   SHA-256       True   PoW/PoS   \n",
       "...         ...             ...       ...        ...       ...   \n",
       "1247        XBC     BitcoinPlus    Scrypt       True       PoS   \n",
       "1248       DVTC      DivotyCoin    Scrypt      False   PoW/PoS   \n",
       "1249       GIOT     Giotto Coin    Scrypt      False   PoW/PoS   \n",
       "1250       OPSC  OpenSourceCoin   SHA-256      False   PoW/PoS   \n",
       "1251       PUNK       SteamPunk       PoS      False       PoS   \n",
       "\n",
       "      TotalCoinsMined TotalCoinSupply  \n",
       "0        4.199995e+01              42  \n",
       "1                 NaN      2300000000  \n",
       "2        1.055185e+09       532000000  \n",
       "3                 NaN          611000  \n",
       "4        0.000000e+00               0  \n",
       "...               ...             ...  \n",
       "1247     1.283270e+05         1000000  \n",
       "1248     2.149121e+07       100000000  \n",
       "1249              NaN       233100000  \n",
       "1250              NaN        21000000  \n",
       "1251              NaN        40000000  \n",
       "\n",
       "[1252 rows x 7 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#preview the data\n",
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "25feb91b-ca1f-4d94-a2ef-3c3701570b75",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>CoinName</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm</th>\n",
       "      <th>IsTrading</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinsMined</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinSupply</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>42 Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.199995e+01</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>365</td>\n",
       "      <td>365Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>X11</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>2300000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>404</td>\n",
       "      <td>404Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.055185e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>532000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>611</td>\n",
       "      <td>SixEleven</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>611000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>808</td>\n",
       "      <td>808</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000e+00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1243</th>\n",
       "      <td>SERO</td>\n",
       "      <td>Super Zero</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ethash</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1244</th>\n",
       "      <td>UOS</td>\n",
       "      <td>UOS</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>DPoI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1245</th>\n",
       "      <td>BDX</td>\n",
       "      <td>Beldex</td>\n",
       "      <td>CryptoNight</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.802226e+08</td>\n",
       "      <td>1400222610</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1246</th>\n",
       "      <td>ZEN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Horizen</td>\n",
       "      <td>Equihash</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.296538e+06</td>\n",
       "      <td>21000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1247</th>\n",
       "      <td>XBC</td>\n",
       "      <td>BitcoinPlus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.283270e+05</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>1144 rows × 7 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     Unnamed: 0     CoinName    Algorithm  IsTrading ProofType  \\\n",
       "0            42      42 Coin       Scrypt       True   PoW/PoS   \n",
       "1           365      365Coin          X11       True   PoW/PoS   \n",
       "2           404      404Coin       Scrypt       True   PoW/PoS   \n",
       "3           611    SixEleven      SHA-256       True       PoW   \n",
       "4           808          808      SHA-256       True   PoW/PoS   \n",
       "...         ...          ...          ...        ...       ...   \n",
       "1243       SERO   Super Zero       Ethash       True       PoW   \n",
       "1244        UOS          UOS      SHA-256       True      DPoI   \n",
       "1245        BDX       Beldex  CryptoNight       True       PoW   \n",
       "1246        ZEN      Horizen     Equihash       True       PoW   \n",
       "1247        XBC  BitcoinPlus       Scrypt       True       PoS   \n",
       "\n",
       "      TotalCoinsMined TotalCoinSupply  \n",
       "0        4.199995e+01              42  \n",
       "1                 NaN      2300000000  \n",
       "2        1.055185e+09       532000000  \n",
       "3                 NaN          611000  \n",
       "4        0.000000e+00               0  \n",
       "...               ...             ...  \n",
       "1243              NaN      1000000000  \n",
       "1244              NaN      1000000000  \n",
       "1245     9.802226e+08      1400222610  \n",
       "1246     7.296538e+06        21000000  \n",
       "1247     1.283270e+05         1000000  \n",
       "\n",
       "[1144 rows x 7 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# drop all cryptocurrencies not currently being traded\n",
    "trading = df.drop(df[df['IsTrading'] == False].index)\n",
    "trading"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "0086790b-e846-4aa4-80e3-f2741380fe67",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>CoinName</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinsMined</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinSupply</th>\n",
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       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>42 Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.199995e+01</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>365</td>\n",
       "      <td>365Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>X11</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>2300000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>404</td>\n",
       "      <td>404Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.055185e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>532000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>611</td>\n",
       "      <td>SixEleven</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>611000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>808</td>\n",
       "      <td>808</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000e+00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1243</th>\n",
       "      <td>SERO</td>\n",
       "      <td>Super Zero</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ethash</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1244</th>\n",
       "      <td>UOS</td>\n",
       "      <td>UOS</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>DPoI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1245</th>\n",
       "      <td>BDX</td>\n",
       "      <td>Beldex</td>\n",
       "      <td>CryptoNight</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.802226e+08</td>\n",
       "      <td>1400222610</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1246</th>\n",
       "      <td>ZEN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Horizen</td>\n",
       "      <td>Equihash</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.296538e+06</td>\n",
       "      <td>21000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1247</th>\n",
       "      <td>XBC</td>\n",
       "      <td>BitcoinPlus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.283270e+05</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>1144 rows × 6 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     Unnamed: 0     CoinName    Algorithm ProofType  TotalCoinsMined  \\\n",
       "0            42      42 Coin       Scrypt   PoW/PoS     4.199995e+01   \n",
       "1           365      365Coin          X11   PoW/PoS              NaN   \n",
       "2           404      404Coin       Scrypt   PoW/PoS     1.055185e+09   \n",
       "3           611    SixEleven      SHA-256       PoW              NaN   \n",
       "4           808          808      SHA-256   PoW/PoS     0.000000e+00   \n",
       "...         ...          ...          ...       ...              ...   \n",
       "1243       SERO   Super Zero       Ethash       PoW              NaN   \n",
       "1244        UOS          UOS      SHA-256      DPoI              NaN   \n",
       "1245        BDX       Beldex  CryptoNight       PoW     9.802226e+08   \n",
       "1246        ZEN      Horizen     Equihash       PoW     7.296538e+06   \n",
       "1247        XBC  BitcoinPlus       Scrypt       PoS     1.283270e+05   \n",
       "\n",
       "     TotalCoinSupply  \n",
       "0                 42  \n",
       "1         2300000000  \n",
       "2          532000000  \n",
       "3             611000  \n",
       "4                  0  \n",
       "...              ...  \n",
       "1243      1000000000  \n",
       "1244      1000000000  \n",
       "1245      1400222610  \n",
       "1246        21000000  \n",
       "1247         1000000  \n",
       "\n",
       "[1144 rows x 6 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# now that only currently trading currencies are left, drop the IsTrading column\n",
    "\n",
    "current = trading.drop(['IsTrading'], axis=1)\n",
    "current"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "0c320a7a-a3dc-479b-9392-000818251d1c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>CoinName</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinsMined</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinSupply</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>42 Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.199995e+01</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>404</td>\n",
       "      <td>404Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.055185e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>532000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>808</td>\n",
       "      <td>808</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000e+00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>1337</td>\n",
       "      <td>EliteCoin</td>\n",
       "      <td>X13</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.927942e+10</td>\n",
       "      <td>314159265359</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>BTC</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bitcoin</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.792718e+07</td>\n",
       "      <td>21000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1238</th>\n",
       "      <td>ZEPH</td>\n",
       "      <td>ZEPHYR</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>DPoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1242</th>\n",
       "      <td>GAP</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gapcoin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.493105e+07</td>\n",
       "      <td>250000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1245</th>\n",
       "      <td>BDX</td>\n",
       "      <td>Beldex</td>\n",
       "      <td>CryptoNight</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.802226e+08</td>\n",
       "      <td>1400222610</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1246</th>\n",
       "      <td>ZEN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Horizen</td>\n",
       "      <td>Equihash</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.296538e+06</td>\n",
       "      <td>21000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1247</th>\n",
       "      <td>XBC</td>\n",
       "      <td>BitcoinPlus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.283270e+05</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>685 rows × 6 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     Unnamed: 0     CoinName    Algorithm ProofType  TotalCoinsMined  \\\n",
       "0            42      42 Coin       Scrypt   PoW/PoS     4.199995e+01   \n",
       "2           404      404Coin       Scrypt   PoW/PoS     1.055185e+09   \n",
       "4           808          808      SHA-256   PoW/PoS     0.000000e+00   \n",
       "5          1337    EliteCoin          X13   PoW/PoS     2.927942e+10   \n",
       "7           BTC      Bitcoin      SHA-256       PoW     1.792718e+07   \n",
       "...         ...          ...          ...       ...              ...   \n",
       "1238       ZEPH       ZEPHYR      SHA-256      DPoS     2.000000e+09   \n",
       "1242        GAP      Gapcoin       Scrypt   PoW/PoS     1.493105e+07   \n",
       "1245        BDX       Beldex  CryptoNight       PoW     9.802226e+08   \n",
       "1246        ZEN      Horizen     Equihash       PoW     7.296538e+06   \n",
       "1247        XBC  BitcoinPlus       Scrypt       PoS     1.283270e+05   \n",
       "\n",
       "     TotalCoinSupply  \n",
       "0                 42  \n",
       "2          532000000  \n",
       "4                  0  \n",
       "5       314159265359  \n",
       "7           21000000  \n",
       "...              ...  \n",
       "1238      2000000000  \n",
       "1242       250000000  \n",
       "1245      1400222610  \n",
       "1246        21000000  \n",
       "1247         1000000  \n",
       "\n",
       "[685 rows x 6 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# drop all rows with null values\n",
    "\n",
    "no_nulls =  current.dropna()\n",
    "no_nulls"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "9e1a8c8f-3e77-48e7-b579-b1008b303c02",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Unnamed: 0          object\n",
       "CoinName            object\n",
       "Algorithm           object\n",
       "ProofType           object\n",
       "TotalCoinsMined    float64\n",
       "TotalCoinSupply     object\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "no_nulls.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "8af45687-b674-41a6-b6a3-1a13c5be82cc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
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       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>CoinName</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinsMined</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinSupply</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>42 Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.199995e+01</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>404</td>\n",
       "      <td>404Coin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.055185e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>532000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>1337</td>\n",
       "      <td>EliteCoin</td>\n",
       "      <td>X13</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.927942e+10</td>\n",
       "      <td>314159265359</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>BTC</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bitcoin</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.792718e+07</td>\n",
       "      <td>21000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>ETH</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ethereum</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ethash</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.076842e+08</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1238</th>\n",
       "      <td>ZEPH</td>\n",
       "      <td>ZEPHYR</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>DPoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1242</th>\n",
       "      <td>GAP</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gapcoin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.493105e+07</td>\n",
       "      <td>250000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1245</th>\n",
       "      <td>BDX</td>\n",
       "      <td>Beldex</td>\n",
       "      <td>CryptoNight</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.802226e+08</td>\n",
       "      <td>1400222610</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1246</th>\n",
       "      <td>ZEN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Horizen</td>\n",
       "      <td>Equihash</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.296538e+06</td>\n",
       "      <td>21000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1247</th>\n",
       "      <td>XBC</td>\n",
       "      <td>BitcoinPlus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.283270e+05</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>532 rows × 6 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     Unnamed: 0     CoinName    Algorithm ProofType  TotalCoinsMined  \\\n",
       "0            42      42 Coin       Scrypt   PoW/PoS     4.199995e+01   \n",
       "2           404      404Coin       Scrypt   PoW/PoS     1.055185e+09   \n",
       "5          1337    EliteCoin          X13   PoW/PoS     2.927942e+10   \n",
       "7           BTC      Bitcoin      SHA-256       PoW     1.792718e+07   \n",
       "8           ETH     Ethereum       Ethash       PoW     1.076842e+08   \n",
       "...         ...          ...          ...       ...              ...   \n",
       "1238       ZEPH       ZEPHYR      SHA-256      DPoS     2.000000e+09   \n",
       "1242        GAP      Gapcoin       Scrypt   PoW/PoS     1.493105e+07   \n",
       "1245        BDX       Beldex  CryptoNight       PoW     9.802226e+08   \n",
       "1246        ZEN      Horizen     Equihash       PoW     7.296538e+06   \n",
       "1247        XBC  BitcoinPlus       Scrypt       PoS     1.283270e+05   \n",
       "\n",
       "     TotalCoinSupply  \n",
       "0                 42  \n",
       "2          532000000  \n",
       "5       314159265359  \n",
       "7           21000000  \n",
       "8                  0  \n",
       "...              ...  \n",
       "1238      2000000000  \n",
       "1242       250000000  \n",
       "1245      1400222610  \n",
       "1246        21000000  \n",
       "1247         1000000  \n",
       "\n",
       "[532 rows x 6 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# drop all rows that have not been mined (TotalCoinsMined must be > 0)\n",
    "mined = no_nulls.drop(no_nulls[no_nulls.TotalCoinsMined <= 0].index)\n",
    "mined"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "82c0fe66-671a-42da-8c6b-389d5f2e0c77",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
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       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinsMined</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinSupply</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.199995e+01</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>404</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.055185e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>532000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>1337</td>\n",
       "      <td>X13</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.927942e+10</td>\n",
       "      <td>314159265359</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>BTC</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.792718e+07</td>\n",
       "      <td>21000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>ETH</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ethash</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.076842e+08</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1238</th>\n",
       "      <td>ZEPH</td>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>DPoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1242</th>\n",
       "      <td>GAP</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.493105e+07</td>\n",
       "      <td>250000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1245</th>\n",
       "      <td>BDX</td>\n",
       "      <td>CryptoNight</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.802226e+08</td>\n",
       "      <td>1400222610</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1246</th>\n",
       "      <td>ZEN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Equihash</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.296538e+06</td>\n",
       "      <td>21000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1247</th>\n",
       "      <td>XBC</td>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.283270e+05</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>532 rows × 5 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     Unnamed: 0    Algorithm ProofType  TotalCoinsMined TotalCoinSupply\n",
       "0            42       Scrypt   PoW/PoS     4.199995e+01              42\n",
       "2           404       Scrypt   PoW/PoS     1.055185e+09       532000000\n",
       "5          1337          X13   PoW/PoS     2.927942e+10    314159265359\n",
       "7           BTC      SHA-256       PoW     1.792718e+07        21000000\n",
       "8           ETH       Ethash       PoW     1.076842e+08               0\n",
       "...         ...          ...       ...              ...             ...\n",
       "1238       ZEPH      SHA-256      DPoS     2.000000e+09      2000000000\n",
       "1242        GAP       Scrypt   PoW/PoS     1.493105e+07       250000000\n",
       "1245        BDX  CryptoNight       PoW     9.802226e+08      1400222610\n",
       "1246        ZEN     Equihash       PoW     7.296538e+06        21000000\n",
       "1247        XBC       Scrypt       PoS     1.283270e+05         1000000\n",
       "\n",
       "[532 rows x 5 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# drop the CoinName column\n",
    "\n",
    "nameless = mined.drop(['CoinName'], axis=1)\n",
    "nameless"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "57c5c351-3d4b-4727-9e58-c7391cdfaf1e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinsMined</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinSupply</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.199995e+01</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.055185e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>532000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>X13</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.927942e+10</td>\n",
       "      <td>314159265359</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.792718e+07</td>\n",
       "      <td>21000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ethash</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.076842e+08</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1238</th>\n",
       "      <td>SHA-256</td>\n",
       "      <td>DPoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1242</th>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW/PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.493105e+07</td>\n",
       "      <td>250000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1245</th>\n",
       "      <td>CryptoNight</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.802226e+08</td>\n",
       "      <td>1400222610</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1246</th>\n",
       "      <td>Equihash</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoW</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.296538e+06</td>\n",
       "      <td>21000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1247</th>\n",
       "      <td>Scrypt</td>\n",
       "      <td>PoS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.283270e+05</td>\n",
       "      <td>1000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>532 rows × 4 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        Algorithm ProofType  TotalCoinsMined TotalCoinSupply\n",
       "0          Scrypt   PoW/PoS     4.199995e+01              42\n",
       "2          Scrypt   PoW/PoS     1.055185e+09       532000000\n",
       "5             X13   PoW/PoS     2.927942e+10    314159265359\n",
       "7         SHA-256       PoW     1.792718e+07        21000000\n",
       "8          Ethash       PoW     1.076842e+08               0\n",
       "...           ...       ...              ...             ...\n",
       "1238      SHA-256      DPoS     2.000000e+09      2000000000\n",
       "1242       Scrypt   PoW/PoS     1.493105e+07       250000000\n",
       "1245  CryptoNight       PoW     9.802226e+08      1400222610\n",
       "1246     Equihash       PoW     7.296538e+06        21000000\n",
       "1247       Scrypt       PoS     1.283270e+05         1000000\n",
       "\n",
       "[532 rows x 4 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# drop the Unnamed: 0 column which contains text values not useful for unsupervised learning models\n",
    "\n",
    "unnamed = nameless.drop(['Unnamed: 0'], axis=1)\n",
    "unnamed"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "id": "c4886f53-15d7-466a-a075-af3f4ec4493b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Algorithm           object\n",
       "ProofType           object\n",
       "TotalCoinsMined    float64\n",
       "TotalCoinSupply     object\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "unnamed.dtypes\n",
    "\n",
    "# TotalCoinSupply is an object (ie string) and needs to be converted to int or float"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "faecf7fd-2493-49aa-8b79-4a778c338b52",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "unnamed[\"TotalCoinSupply\"] = pd.to_numeric(unnamed[\"TotalCoinSupply\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "id": "3c357859-d35a-4da6-bad7-aeb4c69fe8d5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Algorithm           object\n",
       "ProofType           object\n",
       "TotalCoinsMined    float64\n",
       "TotalCoinSupply    float64\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "unnamed.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "id": "57b620c9-deab-4334-b0a5-332b2eabdaa9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinsMined</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCoinSupply</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm_1GB AES Pattern Search</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm_536</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm_Argon2d</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm_BLAKE256</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm_Blake</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm_Blake2S</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm_Blake2b</th>\n",
       "      <th>Algorithm_C11</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType_PoW/PoS</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType_PoW/PoS</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType_PoW/PoW</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType_PoW/nPoS</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType_Pos</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType_Proof of Authority</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType_Proof of Trust</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType_TPoS</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType_Zero-Knowledge Proof</th>\n",
       "      <th>ProofType_dPoW/PoW</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.199995e+01</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.200000e+01</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.055185e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.320000e+08</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>2.927942e+10</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.141593e+11</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.792718e+07</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.100000e+07</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.076842e+08</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000e+00</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1238</th>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1242</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.493105e+07</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.500000e+08</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1245</th>\n",
       "      <td>9.802226e+08</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.400223e+09</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1246</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.296538e+06</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.100000e+07</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1247</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.283270e+05</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000e+06</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>532 rows × 98 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      TotalCoinsMined  TotalCoinSupply  Algorithm_1GB AES Pattern Search  \\\n",
       "0        4.199995e+01     4.200000e+01                                 0   \n",
       "2        1.055185e+09     5.320000e+08                                 0   \n",
       "5        2.927942e+10     3.141593e+11                                 0   \n",
       "7        1.792718e+07     2.100000e+07                                 0   \n",
       "8        1.076842e+08     0.000000e+00                                 0   \n",
       "...               ...              ...                               ...   \n",
       "1238     2.000000e+09     2.000000e+09                                 0   \n",
       "1242     1.493105e+07     2.500000e+08                                 0   \n",
       "1245     9.802226e+08     1.400223e+09                                 0   \n",
       "1246     7.296538e+06     2.100000e+07                                 0   \n",
       "1247     1.283270e+05     1.000000e+06                                 0   \n",
       "\n",
       "      Algorithm_536  Algorithm_Argon2d  Algorithm_BLAKE256  Algorithm_Blake  \\\n",
       "0                 0                  0                   0                0   \n",
       "2                 0                  0                   0                0   \n",
       "5                 0                  0                   0                0   \n",
       "7                 0                  0                   0                0   \n",
       "8                 0                  0                   0                0   \n",
       "...             ...                ...                 ...              ...   \n",
       "1238              0                  0                   0                0   \n",
       "1242              0                  0                   0                0   \n",
       "1245              0                  0                   0                0   \n",
       "1246              0                  0                   0                0   \n",
       "1247              0                  0                   0                0   \n",
       "\n",
       "      Algorithm_Blake2S  Algorithm_Blake2b  Algorithm_C11  ...  \\\n",
       "0                     0                  0              0  ...   \n",
       "2                     0                  0              0  ...   \n",
       "5                     0                  0              0  ...   \n",
       "7                     0                  0              0  ...   \n",
       "8                     0                  0              0  ...   \n",
       "...                 ...                ...            ...  ...   \n",
       "1238                  0                  0              0  ...   \n",
       "1242                  0                  0              0  ...   \n",
       "1245                  0                  0              0  ...   \n",
       "1246                  0                  0              0  ...   \n",
       "1247                  0                  0              0  ...   \n",
       "\n",
       "      ProofType_PoW/PoS  ProofType_PoW/PoS   ProofType_PoW/PoW  \\\n",
       "0                     1                   0                  0   \n",
       "2                     1                   0                  0   \n",
       "5                     1                   0                  0   \n",
       "7                     0                   0                  0   \n",
       "8                     0                   0                  0   \n",
       "...                 ...                 ...                ...   \n",
       "1238                  0                   0                  0   \n",
       "1242                  1                   0                  0   \n",
       "1245                  0                   0                  0   \n",
       "1246                  0                   0                  0   \n",
       "1247                  0                   0                  0   \n",
       "\n",
       "      ProofType_PoW/nPoS  ProofType_Pos  ProofType_Proof of Authority  \\\n",
       "0                      0              0                             0   \n",
       "2                      0              0                             0   \n",
       "5                      0              0                             0   \n",
       "7                      0              0                             0   \n",
       "8                      0              0                             0   \n",
       "...                  ...            ...                           ...   \n",
       "1238                   0              0                             0   \n",
       "1242                   0              0                             0   \n",
       "1245                   0              0                             0   \n",
       "1246                   0              0                             0   \n",
       "1247                   0              0                             0   \n",
       "\n",
       "      ProofType_Proof of Trust  ProofType_TPoS  \\\n",
       "0                            0               0   \n",
       "2                            0               0   \n",
       "5                            0               0   \n",
       "7                            0               0   \n",
       "8                            0               0   \n",
       "...                        ...             ...   \n",
       "1238                         0               0   \n",
       "1242                         0               0   \n",
       "1245                         0               0   \n",
       "1246                         0               0   \n",
       "1247                         0               0   \n",
       "\n",
       "      ProofType_Zero-Knowledge Proof  ProofType_dPoW/PoW  \n",
       "0                                  0                   0  \n",
       "2                                  0                   0  \n",
       "5                                  0                   0  \n",
       "7                                  0                   0  \n",
       "8                                  0                   0  \n",
       "...                              ...                 ...  \n",
       "1238                               0                   0  \n",
       "1242                               0                   0  \n",
       "1245                               0                   0  \n",
       "1246                               0                   0  \n",
       "1247                               0                   0  \n",
       "\n",
       "[532 rows x 98 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# convert Algorithm and ProofType columns from string to numeric data using Get Dummies\n",
    "# Using Get Dummies causes the dataframe to jump from 4 columns to 98 columns\n",
    "\n",
    "dums = pd.get_dummies(unnamed, prefix=['Algorithm', 'ProofType'])\n",
    "\n",
    "dums"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "9eb0bb3d-3015-4efe-a207-1aa5b1832edb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[-0.11710817, -0.1528703 , -0.0433963 , ..., -0.0433963 ,\n",
       "        -0.0433963 , -0.0433963 ],\n",
       "       [-0.09396955, -0.145009  , -0.0433963 , ..., -0.0433963 ,\n",
       "        -0.0433963 , -0.0433963 ],\n",
       "       [ 0.52494561,  4.48942416, -0.0433963 , ..., -0.0433963 ,\n",
       "        -0.0433963 , -0.0433963 ],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [-0.09561336, -0.13217937, -0.0433963 , ..., -0.0433963 ,\n",
       "        -0.0433963 , -0.0433963 ],\n",
       "       [-0.11694817, -0.15255998, -0.0433963 , ..., -0.0433963 ,\n",
       "        -0.0433963 , -0.0433963 ],\n",
       "       [-0.11710536, -0.15285552, -0.0433963 , ..., -0.0433963 ,\n",
       "        -0.0433963 , -0.0433963 ]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# use Standard Scaler to standardize the data\n",
    "scaler = StandardScaler()\n",
    "scaled = scaler.fit_transform(dums)\n",
    "scaled"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "id": "834b7d99-d0ae-44e7-aa25-0238918e6922",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(532, 98)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "scaled.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "id": "c99c8352-c584-43a8-9115-c4a1e155a973",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[-3.35098808e-01,  1.03218907e+00, -5.90713438e-01, ...,\n",
       "        -3.14347031e-16, -9.12135823e-16,  2.51599752e-15],\n",
       "       [-3.18433948e-01,  1.03233143e+00, -5.91125551e-01, ...,\n",
       "         1.40899850e-16, -6.63562740e-16,  1.76363717e-15],\n",
       "       [ 2.30546811e+00,  1.65638302e+00, -6.83616670e-01, ...,\n",
       "        -4.28651623e-14,  1.52581172e-14,  2.33406076e-14],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [ 3.24348535e-01, -2.31230764e+00,  4.21515366e-01, ...,\n",
       "         6.43792050e-15,  5.39438665e-14,  4.08239752e-14],\n",
       "       [-1.49363652e-01, -2.04933553e+00,  4.12968257e-01, ...,\n",
       "         6.40788354e-16,  1.39171221e-15, -1.63325938e-15],\n",
       "       [-2.89957500e-01,  8.21194511e-01, -2.76326847e-01, ...,\n",
       "         3.55437290e-16, -2.85851680e-15,  1.49183539e-15]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# use PCA to reduce dimensionality\n",
    "pca = PCA(n_components=0.9)\n",
    "cc_pca = _pca = pca.fit_transform(scaled)\n",
    "cc_pca"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "id": "65e14018-23aa-41fd-af26-e68612d09a94",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(532, 74)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cc_pca.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "id": "070bb580-0fd4-4e0d-b6f5-fbc4d9b718a0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <td>0.001386</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.454226e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.583214e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.760785e-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.007739</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1.656383</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.683617</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.004731</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.129524e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.755646e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.428182e-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.054781</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.542879</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.943951</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-4.996160e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.979802e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.785993e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.190230e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.359053e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.676015e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>-6.589743e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>-4.286516e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.525812e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.334061e-14</td>\n",
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       "      <td>-0.145184</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.320593</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.192813</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.001229</td>\n",
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       "      <td>-2.448600e-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.002071</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.281463</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.251862</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-9.929433e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-6.755996e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.338135e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.429897e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-9.793847e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.556739e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.380441e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.127087e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.526409e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.404772e-15</td>\n",
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       "      <td>-0.001705</td>\n",
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       "      <td>-2.254731e-14</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0.027735</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0.188820</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1.063412e-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.051921e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-4.644808e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.237849e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.076614e-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.624185e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.636071e-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.382433e-14</td>\n",
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       "      <td>-0.071160</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.008206</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.147833e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.991397e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.640785e-11</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.851713</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.041159</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.560713</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.110042e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>-8.312012e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.219271e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.453844e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.241220e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>-4.516651e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.398744e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.488363e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.618106e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.842189e-15</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>528</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.333144</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.032071</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.590740</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.001399</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.508142e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.581995e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.787988e-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.007154</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.320125</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.052460</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.202710e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.605666e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>-9.121222e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.822242e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.143868e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.210101e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.857285e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-5.932298e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>-7.559300e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.533116e-15</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>529</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.324349</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.312308</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.421515</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.001319</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.023736e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.846672e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.627704e-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.017309</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.161077</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.047787</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>-9.401567e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.663527e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.116525e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.104965e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.007615e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.678881e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.753345e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.437920e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.394387e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.082398e-14</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>530</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.149364</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.049336</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.412968</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.001745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.121968e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.972072e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.476171e-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.028954</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.544389</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.233373</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.505543e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.926060e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.951131e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-8.610594e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.240256e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.203942e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.302833e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.407884e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.391712e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.633259e-15</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>531</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.289957</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.821195</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.276327</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000555</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.819577e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.176305e-14</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.104474e-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.025215</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.956880</td>\n",
       "      <td>-0.767355</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.611983e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.606898e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.335373e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.504311e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.352895e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.308992e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.622621e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.554373e-16</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.858517e-15</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.491835e-15</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>532 rows × 74 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "           0         1         2         3             4             5   \\\n",
       "0   -0.335099  1.032189 -0.590713  0.001397  9.543357e-15  2.584461e-14   \n",
       "1   -0.318434  1.032331 -0.591126  0.001386  9.454226e-15  2.583214e-14   \n",
       "2    2.305468  1.656383 -0.683617  0.004731  2.129524e-14  3.755646e-14   \n",
       "3   -0.145184 -1.320593  0.192813 -0.001229 -5.159734e-15 -9.459827e-15   \n",
       "4   -0.151768 -2.036192  0.396182 -0.001705 -1.570805e-14 -2.254731e-14   \n",
       "..        ...       ...       ...       ...           ...           ...   \n",
       "527  2.471251  0.822241 -0.071160 -0.008206  3.147833e-14  9.991397e-15   \n",
       "528 -0.333144  1.032071 -0.590740  0.001399  9.508142e-15  2.581995e-14   \n",
       "529  0.324349 -2.312308  0.421515 -0.001319 -1.023736e-14 -1.846672e-14   \n",
       "530 -0.149364 -2.049336  0.412968 -0.001745 -1.121968e-14 -1.972072e-14   \n",
       "531 -0.289957  0.821195 -0.276327  0.000555  5.819577e-15  1.176305e-14   \n",
       "\n",
       "               6         7         8         9   ...            64  \\\n",
       "0    2.783272e-12 -0.007129 -1.319756 -0.051813  ...  2.337319e-15   \n",
       "1    2.760785e-12 -0.007739 -1.322514 -0.056674  ...  2.318559e-15   \n",
       "2    9.428182e-12 -0.054781 -1.542879 -0.943951  ... -4.996160e-14   \n",
       "3   -2.448600e-12 -0.002071  0.281463  0.251862  ... -9.929433e-15   \n",
       "4   -3.400944e-12  0.027735  0.519099  0.188820  ... -1.350763e-14   \n",
       "..            ...       ...       ...       ...  ...           ...   \n",
       "527 -1.640785e-11 -0.851713  2.041159  3.560713  ... -1.110042e-14   \n",
       "528  2.787988e-12 -0.007154 -1.320125 -0.052460  ...  2.202710e-15   \n",
       "529 -2.627704e-12  0.017309  0.161077 -0.047787  ... -9.401567e-15   \n",
       "530 -3.476171e-12  0.028954  0.544389  0.233373  ...  4.505543e-16   \n",
       "531  1.104474e-12 -0.025215  0.956880 -0.767355  ...  1.611983e-15   \n",
       "\n",
       "               65            66            67            68            69  \\\n",
       "0    5.504297e-16 -9.521754e-15 -2.223528e-15  3.187960e-15  4.367153e-16   \n",
       "1    1.463161e-16 -8.740104e-15 -9.796321e-16  2.067953e-15  7.849041e-16   \n",
       "2   -3.979802e-14  5.785993e-14  6.190230e-14 -1.359053e-14  2.676015e-14   \n",
       "3   -6.755996e-15  8.338135e-15  9.429897e-15 -9.793847e-15 -2.556739e-15   \n",
       "4    3.594031e-14  1.063412e-13  2.051921e-15 -4.644808e-14 -2.237849e-14   \n",
       "..            ...           ...           ...           ...           ...   \n",
       "527 -8.312012e-15  1.219271e-14  9.453844e-15 -1.241220e-14 -4.516651e-15   \n",
       "528  4.605666e-16 -9.121222e-15 -1.822242e-15  3.143868e-15  8.210101e-16   \n",
       "529 -2.663527e-14  6.116525e-14  2.104965e-14 -1.007615e-14  4.678881e-15   \n",
       "530  4.926060e-15 -2.951131e-15 -8.610594e-16  2.240256e-16 -3.203942e-16   \n",
       "531  5.606898e-16  2.335373e-15 -3.504311e-16  2.352895e-15  7.308992e-16   \n",
       "\n",
       "               70            71            72            73  \n",
       "0    1.859567e-15 -3.143470e-16 -9.121358e-16  2.515998e-15  \n",
       "1    2.400291e-15  1.408998e-16 -6.635627e-16  1.763637e-15  \n",
       "2   -6.589743e-14 -4.286516e-14  1.525812e-14  2.334061e-14  \n",
       "3    2.380441e-16  2.127087e-15  1.526409e-14  5.404772e-15  \n",
       "4    1.076614e-13  4.624185e-14  1.636071e-13  7.382433e-14  \n",
       "..            ...           ...           ...           ...  \n",
       "527  1.398744e-15  2.488363e-15  1.618106e-14  7.842189e-15  \n",
       "528  1.857285e-15 -5.932298e-16 -7.559300e-16  2.533116e-15  \n",
       "529 -1.753345e-14  6.437920e-15  5.394387e-14  4.082398e-14  \n",
       "530  2.302833e-15  6.407884e-16  1.391712e-15 -1.633259e-15  \n",
       "531  1.622621e-15  3.554373e-16 -2.858517e-15  1.491835e-15  \n",
       "\n",
       "[532 rows x 74 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# return the data to a dataframe\n",
    "pca_df = pd.DataFrame(cc_pca)\n",
    "pca_df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "fd044062-f3d8-43e3-8633-caff100f6713",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Using PCA to reduce dimensionality while preserving 90% of the explained variance resulted in a reduction from 98 to 74."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "id": "32168c34-01cb-48c9-91af-657f30c76372",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# use TSNE to further reduce dimensionality\n",
    "tsne = TSNE(learning_rate=35)\n",
    "tsne_result = tsne.fit_transform(pca_df)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "id": "8e43a7e9-8528-4bb6-8bc8-acd39b06b763",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(532, 2)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tsne_result.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "id": "4f0e9763-bbe3-4bd3-9a52-385df4e339f7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>x</th>\n",
       "      <th>y</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>-12.187745</td>\n",
       "      <td>-7.941411</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>-19.113806</td>\n",
       "      <td>-10.018736</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>-26.004894</td>\n",
       "      <td>-13.544311</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>31.032440</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.642209</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>7.665981</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.584930</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>527</th>\n",
       "      <td>25.232874</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.723432</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>528</th>\n",
       "      <td>-16.508434</td>\n",
       "      <td>-12.284032</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>529</th>\n",
       "      <td>-9.749234</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.619606</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>530</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.079113</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.413403</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>531</th>\n",
       "      <td>11.481607</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.504477</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>532 rows × 2 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "             x          y\n",
       "0   -12.187745  -7.941411\n",
       "1   -19.113806 -10.018736\n",
       "2   -26.004894 -13.544311\n",
       "3    31.032440   2.642209\n",
       "4     7.665981  17.584930\n",
       "..         ...        ...\n",
       "527  25.232874   4.723432\n",
       "528 -16.508434 -12.284032\n",
       "529  -9.749234  19.619606\n",
       "530   1.079113  21.413403\n",
       "531  11.481607  -2.504477\n",
       "\n",
       "[532 rows x 2 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 64,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tdf = pd.DataFrame()\n",
    "tdf[\"x\"] = tsne_result[:,0]\n",
    "tdf[\"y\"] = tsne_result[:,1]\n",
    "tdf"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "id": "e75af22d-021a-41fe-9e98-291b863b30a7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<function matplotlib.pyplot.show(close=None, block=None)>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 70,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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hb7l6zA/uP1bU9iTr7R9kSszj8MNq7+qmq9QrrV2TpVo33YrpMRczs3S8SqR5KiWTiy/kdRdLAV2SREG+zpQ6s7RSaZ4NvQN8a//RwLKCZnDbsnhufgbl4gs1v2tnRcoNitQCpWvqTKkzSyuR5sm8kYStduueyonHUZ0oyoqLTmoUTvf2AXr7ByO3RaSWKcjXmY0di1mzfN65nnuDGWsKGBoYJc1TqOxPCrkUUn82nzhKFw6PjLJ59+HIxxGpZUrXZClkEahasLFj8YSgni/fXksLiMXxvlLMkrq5aA12SToF+SzP91yft8RaLSok337rsrmBPe24FhCrZNpjfo4lF4qV6xNBb/8g6x8Z4O3T7+X+Z0xroOeTtV0vViSbgvw4pQb0fD3pco5syZVvz5yjnAuIARVNe8SVYMoUFw/S2z8YuDb726dHz21XoJd6oCAfg3w96XKPbCk03x6U5olLraQ9WpqbQlM5zU2NzJg+taA1bj7/nadznqfz2wcU5KUuKMjHIF9PupCedhS1kG+fnSO4jnd+Y/nu9z/Rdc2E9Wwg1Wv/0o1XFByYT4fUVM0Yt4KvSM3S6JoY5OtJl3tkSy0U7OhsX0RTY/5qQwZ85aYrI50r7K0rs71jaQt337SYluYmjFTv/u6b4s+ja/il1AP15CsgX097Q+8AW/cdnZBrbm5qLKj3We58eyEybcws+Tt1ysTe7oxpDTQ2TOFzDx9g8+7DJU9GemnTDczv2jnmell6e3Z7yp1O6d4+cO5cIrWqrEVDitXW1uZ9fX3VbkbR8hXYGJ+Tz1izfB77X3w979rxhYyDr3VhKZRy9LDjkOtvmq2luYknuq4pc2tEcstVNETpmogKWbwsbAITFFYc5IF9R+s+NRC0DEEtT0bK/H3yqZUbziJhlK6JYEPvQM7Fy7JXlxw/siWszFyYzbsP12SPt1BhwbBWg2Tmb5VvFm8cM29FyklBvkjFBOeg1SV7+wfp/PaBokdnxBEMw4o7VyIdFDb65h81NZb1vFFkvzGHpZvCxtmL1IpI6Rozu9nMDpnZWTNrG7ev28yOmNlhM2uP1szaUEyADxq+mAkUpQy/i9pj7O0fZN22AxMCPMS3aFgune2LaJwy8Zq8ffpMXaSiKjViRyRuUXvyzwA3AX+bvdHMLidVz/UKYDaw18wuc/fS1oatEcWkV4KGL0ZZHjdqj3Hz7sOhq0NCaWP2i5nF27G0hS//z0P88p2RMdtHRr1uUlGVGLEjErdIPXl3f87dg+6crQIecvdT7v4ScAS4Ksq56smKBTMDg12pi2qtWT4vcnDJl+4pdsx+ZsRQ9lyAfJ8ITo4L8IW2TURKV67RNS1A9jTP4+ltE5jZWjPrM7O+oaGhMjWnMoxUQA6qLFRKOqTBUmPlt+47yopNj05Ia2zoHWBB9y5au3ayoHtXznPkS/cUOzu2lPXpw9qgm5ci5ZM3yJvZXjN7JuBrVa5fC9gW2FV09y3u3ububRdffHGh7a450xqMr96yJHAJ4NaunQWvtZ6xZvk8pk1t4OTwSGCRi2J70p3tiwhIiZ9T7OzYUmbxBs2K1c1LkfLKm5N392tLOO5xIDtqzAFOlHCcunF61McsahWUfy5GJtedLTOuvGNpS9Hr4WTSPXGNrillvZzxs2JVgk+k/Mo1hHIH8C0zu4fUjdeFwJNlOlfNOD3qgcvTliKsR5zJX5fSk47zxmGp69Pr5qVIZUUdQvlJMzsOfBTYaWa7Adz9ELANeBb4IXBHvY+sKZfpU6fQUkROOpO/DusxV2rlyVLLEIpIZUXqybv7I8AjIft6gJ4oxy9Fb/9g2dIB5zdOCRxnXqopBmfPesGjbrLz1+Wu9FSIcq5PLyLxSNSM1/GrOWZuVkI8KwV+5aYrWbftQM7x5sVwh5Eihi6eOjNK38tv0LG0pSZWnixValLYQYbHvWEWuuqmiBQuEatQ9vYP5rzRGedKgb39g3xpxyFODpd+U7VQU4Cgzw21nhbJ9WlqWc8eXn3rdM7fv/eWJQr0IkVI9CqUmaUCco1kKXUSUpCOpS0c+OLvcO8tS5gxLX+RjFK1NDeFVsfINRa92jJ/j8GTwxOGfq685/G8AR5gXUw3r0UkAemaKEsFRBE0SiRXLz9syOF42Wush61pHldFqXIIW1K4mEXZzpJKvdXypxWRelH3QT7OXnpU+YYHrtj0aGB7G8w46z4htVELtVuLFbZEQbH3q+Oqfysy2dV9kK+mlfc8Pqbox8JZMwKXF87obF9UVHWkWhhBU6xiCnrnUsufVkTqSd3n5AtxXkP8Pd/xAR5SVZ5W3vN46O8Uu1xtPY5Fj2uJglr+tCJSTxLfkz+vwXi+5/rYjxtWti9fOb+OpS187bEXzt2UvPPhA3ztsRdCPwHU21j0jqUtsQwzreVPKyL1pO578tkl9sZv/8WmG8oS4KMo5RNAvfn9ZYXVRw2zcNaMunpjE6lldR/k96y7ekKgz5cbr6ZSPwHUk40di1mxYGZJv3vJBdNq9m8nUo8Ska6pRlBYOGtGYGAO+2Qx2Wz99EfPTYoaPDl8bqSQWWqmb5AVC2YGrsUvIqVLRJCvhj3rri56dM1koxUnRapPQT6CUgK6PgGISCXVfU6+3tTbPQQRqW/qyVeBArqIVErUoiGbzex5MztoZo+YWXPWvm4zO2Jmh82sPXJLRUSkaFF78nuAbnc/Y2b/GegG7jKzy4HVwBWkyv/tNbPLVB2qfMYv4XvJBdPYv35lFVskIoUoZ6EjiNiTd/cfufuZ9MN9pAp2A6wCHnL3U+7+EnAEuCrKuSRc0Brtr751mtaunXx4/a4qtUpE8sm1NHdc4rzx+gfAD9I/twDZi54fT2+bwMzWmlmfmfUNDQ3F2JzJI9ca7e+OugK9SI0KW5p78+7DsZ0jb7rGzPYCHwjYtd7dv5d+znrgDLA182sBzw+cAuPuW4AtkKoMVUCbpUjvjuqyitSisKW5w7aXIm+Qd/drc+03s9uBTwAf9/dqCR4HsleYmgOcKLWRIiJJFLY09+zmptjOEXV0zXXAXcCN7v5O1q4dwGozm25m84GFwJNRziUikjSd7YtoahxbRrSpsSG2Jbshek7+r4ALgD1mdsDM/iuAux8CtgHPAj8E7tDImvK595YlOfeXYz19EYmu2BoTpTCvoQo8bW1t3tfXV+1m1KXsxcCylWs9fRGpHWb2lLu3Be3TjNeE0GJgIhJEa9eIiCSYgryISIIpyIuIJJiCvIhIginIi4gkmIK8iEiCKciLiCSYgryISIIpyIuIJJiCvIhIginIi4gkmIK8iEiCKciLiCSYgryISIJFrQz1Z2Z2MF0w5EdmNjtrX7eZHTGzw2bWHr2pIiJSrKg9+c3ufqW7LwG+D/xHADO7HFgNXAFcB/y1mTWEHkVERMoiUpB39zezHs4AMmWmVgEPufspd38JOAJcFeVcIiJSvMiVocysB/jXwK+Aj6U3twD7sp52PL0t6PfXAmsB5s2bF7U5IiKSJW9P3sz2mtkzAV+rANx9vbvPBbYCn8n8WsChAovJuvsWd29z97aLL7641NchIiIB8vbk3f3aAo/1LWAn8EVSPfe5WfvmACeKbp2IiEQSdXTNwqyHNwLPp3/eAaw2s+lmNh9YCDwZ5VwiIlK8qDn5TWa2CDgLvAz8IYC7HzKzbcCzwBngDncfjXguEREpUqQg7+6/l2NfD9AT5fgiIhKNZryKiCSYgryISIIpyIuIJJiCvIhIginIi4gkmIK8iEiCKciLiCSYgryISIIpyIuIJJiCvIhIginIi4gkmIK8iEiCKciLiCSYgryISIIpyIuIJFgsQd7M/tTM3MwuytrWbWZHzOywmbXHcR4RESlO1MpQmNlcYCVwNGvb5cBq4ApgNrDXzC5TdSgRkcqKoyf/VeDzgGdtWwU85O6n3P0l4AhwVQznEhGRIkQt5H0jMOjuT4/b1QIcy3p8PL0t6BhrzazPzPqGhoaiNEdERMbJm64xs73ABwJ2rQe+APxO0K8FbPOAbbj7FmALQFtbW+BzRESkNHmDvLtfG7TdzBYD84GnzQxgDvAzM7uKVM99btbT5wAnIrdWRESKUnK6xt0H3H2Wu7e6eyupwP6b7v53wA5gtZlNN7P5wELgyVhaLCIiBYs8uiaIux8ys23As8AZ4A6NrBERqbzYgny6N5/9uAfoiev4IiJSPM14FRFJMAV5EZEEU5AXEUkwBXkRkQRTkBcRSTAFeRGRBFOQFxFJMAV5EZEEU5AXEUkwBXkRkQRTkBcRSTAFeRGRBFOQFxFJMAV5EZEEU5AXEUmwqIW8v2Rmg2Z2IP11fda+bjM7YmaHzaw9elNFRKRYcRQN+aq7/5fsDWZ2ObAauAKYDew1s8tUHUpEpLLKla5ZBTzk7qfc/SXgCHBVmc4lIiIh4gjynzGzg2Z2n5ldmN7WAhzLes7x9DYREamgvEHezPaa2TMBX6uAvwEWAEuAV4C/yPxawKE85PhrzazPzPqGhoZKexUiIhIob07e3a8t5EBm9nXg++mHx4G5WbvnACdCjr8F2ALQ1tYW+EYgIiKliTq65tKsh58Enkn/vANYbWbTzWw+sBB4Msq5RESkeFFH1/y5mS0hlYr5BfAfANz9kJltA54FzgB3aGSNiEjlRQry7v6pHPt6gJ4oxxcRkWg041VEJMEU5EVEEkxBXkQkwRTkRUQSTEFeRCTBFORFRBJMQV5EJMEU5EVEEkxBXkQkwRTkRUQSTEFeRCTBFORFRBJMQV5EJMEU5EVEEizqevKJ1ds/yObdhzlxcpjZzU10ti+iY6nK1IpIfVGQD9DbP0j39gGGR1J1TgZPDtO9fQBAgV5E6krkdI2Z/bGZHTazQ2b251nbu83sSHpfe9TzVNLm3YfPBfiM4ZFRNu8+XKUWiYiUJlJP3sw+BqwCrnT3U2Y2K739cmA1cAUwG9hrZpfVSwnAEyeHi9ouIlKrovbk/wjY5O6nANz9tfT2VcBD7n7K3V8CjgBXRTxXxcxubipqu4hIrYoa5C8D/pmZ7Tez/2Vmv53e3gIcy3re8fS2CcxsrZn1mVnf0NBQxObEo7N9EU2NDWO2NTU20Nm+qEotEhEpTd50jZntBT4QsGt9+vcvBJYDvw1sM7MPARbwfA86vrtvAbYAtLW1BT6n0jI3VzW6RkTqXd4g7+7Xhu0zsz8Ctru7A0+a2VngIlI997lZT50DnIjY1orqWNqioC4idS9quqYXuAbAzC4DpgF/D+wAVpvZdDObDywEnox4LhERKVLUcfL3AfeZ2TPAaeD2dK/+kJltA54FzgB31MvIGhGRJIkU5N39NLAmZF8P0BPl+CIiEo3WrhERSTAFeRGRBLNUCr02mNkQ8HK125HDRaRuLEuKrsdEuiYT6ZpMFPc1+aC7Xxy0o6aCfK0zsz53b6t2O2qFrsdEuiYT6ZpMVMlronSNiEiCKciLiCSYgnxxtlS7ATVG12MiXZOJdE0mqtg1UU5eRCTB1JMXEUkwBXkRkQRTkM/DzDab2fNmdtDMHjGz5qx9dVviMCozuy79uo+YWVe121MNZjbXzB4zs+fS5S8/m94+08z2mNkL6e8XVrutlWRmDWbWb2bfTz+e7Nej2cy+k44jz5nZRyt5TRTk89sD/Ia7Xwn8P6AbJpQ4vA74azNrCD1KgqRf59eA3wUuB25NX4/J5gzwJ+7+j0nVVLgjfR26gB+7+0Lgx+nHk8lngeeyHk/26/GXwA/d/cPAR0hdm4pdEwX5PNz9R+5+Jv1wH6m18aHOSxxGdBVwxN1fTC9S9xCp6zGpuPsr7v6z9M9vkfrP20LqWtyfftr9QEdVGlgFZjYHuAH4RtbmyXw93g/8c+CbkFrU0d1PUsFroiBfnD8AfpD+ueAShwk0mV97IDNrBZYC+4FL3P0VSL0RALOq2LRKuxf4PHA2a9tkvh4fAoaA/5ZOYX3DzGZQwWuiIE+qxKGZPRPwtSrrOetJfTzfmtkUcKjJMh51Mr/2CczsfcB3gTvd/c1qt6dazOwTwGvu/lS121JDpgK/CfyNuy8F3qbC6aqoRUMSIVeJQwAzux34BPBxf29iQd2XOIxgMr/2McyskVSA3+ru29ObXzWzS939FTO7FHitei2sqBXAjWZ2PXAe8H4ze4DJez0g9X/luLvvTz/+DqkgX7Frop58HmZ2HXAXcKO7v5O1azKXOPwpsNDM5pvZNFI3oHdUuU0VZ2ZGKtf6nLvfk7VrB3B7+ufbge9Vum3V4O7d7j7H3VtJ/Zt41N3XMEmvB4C7/x1wzMwWpTd9nFTFvIpdE814zcPMjgDTgdfTm/a5+x+m960nlac/Q+qj+g+Cj5I86d7avUADcF+6EtikYmb/FPg/wADv5aC/QCovvw2YBxwFbnb3N6rSyCoxs6uBP3X3T5jZrzGJr4eZLSF1I3oa8CLwb0l1sCtyTRTkRUQSTOkaEZEEU5AXEUkwBXkRkQRTkBcRSTAFeRGRBFOQFxFJMAV5EZEE+//smrRZObT5yQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# create a scatter plot\n",
    "plt.scatter(tdf[\"x\"], tdf[\"y\"])\n",
    "plt.show"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d20c3ab8-c26e-482e-b353-df778db72ef2",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### There do seem to be a few potential clusters. Using k-Means will help to explore this potential clustering further."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "id": "84c5dcce-b941-4777-8e6e-739e0f53b3d0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#create an empty list for inertia values\n",
    "inertia = []\n",
    "\n",
    "#create a list of values for k\n",
    "k = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# use a for loop to test each value in the list of potential k values\n",
    "for i in k:\n",
    "    km = KMeans(n_clusters=i, random_state=0)\n",
    "    km.fit(tdf)\n",
    "    inertia.append(km.inertia_)\n",
    "\n",
    "# use the results of the above code to create a new dataframe which can then be used to plot an elbow curve\n",
    "elbow_data = {\"k\": k, \"inertia\": inertia}\n",
    "elbow_df = pd.DataFrame(elbow_data)\n",
    "\n",
    "#plot the elbow curve\n",
    "\n",
    "plt.plot(elbow_df['k'], elbow_df['inertia'])\n",
    "plt.xticks(range(1,11))\n",
    "plt.xlabel('Number of clusters')\n",
    "plt.ylabel('Inertia')\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a0a1883f-ed47-428a-bd4f-fbc21f637231",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Based on this elbow curve, one could make the case for both 3 and 4 as appropriate k values. For this project, 4 will do nicely."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "id": "f22ca34e-7e44-4d6a-8beb-a7766ebf8088",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# use a k value of 4 to cluster the data\n",
    "kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=4)\n",
    "kmeans.fit(tdf)\n",
    "y_kmeans = kmeans.predict(tdf)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "id": "f487c0d9-62b1-4d26-a6cf-bfeaa64a57c9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<function matplotlib.pyplot.show(close=None, block=None)>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 74,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# create a new scatter plot that uses color to show the k-Means clusters\n",
    "plt.scatter(tdf[\"x\"], tdf[\"y\"], c=y_kmeans)\n",
    "plt.show"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e65ea90c-b210-4cac-8109-ae84009dc1bf",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Looking at the above plot, it seems that the cryptocurrencies can be clustered into 4 clusters using k-Means. However, these clusters do not provide meaningful insight into the desirability of investing in specific cryptocurrencies. Other steps or different methods of evaluatin"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "75dbaad3-489c-4e57-aa85-804bb00e8301",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.7.10"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 5
}