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swehel.c
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swehel.c
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/* SWISSEPH
Heliacal risings and related calculations
Author: Victor Reijs
This program code is a translation of part of:
Victor Reijs' software ARCHAEOCOSMO (archaeoastronomy and
geodesy functions),
http://www.iol.ie/~geniet/eng/archaeocosmoprocedures.htm
Translation from VB into C by Dieter Koch
Problem reports can be sent to [email protected] or [email protected]
Copyright (c) Victor Reijs, 2008
Copyright (C) 1997 - 2021 Astrodienst AG, Switzerland. All rights reserved.
License conditions
------------------
This file is part of Swiss Ephemeris.
Swiss Ephemeris is distributed with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. No author
or distributor accepts any responsibility for the consequences of using it,
or for whether it serves any particular purpose or works at all, unless he
or she says so in writing.
Swiss Ephemeris is made available by its authors under a dual licensing
system. The software developer, who uses any part of Swiss Ephemeris
in his or her software, must choose between one of the two license models,
which are
a) GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL)
b) Swiss Ephemeris Professional License
The choice must be made before the software developer distributes software
containing parts of Swiss Ephemeris to others, and before any public
service using the developed software is activated.
If the developer choses the AGPL software license, he or she must fulfill
the conditions of that license, which includes the obligation to place his
or her whole software project under the AGPL or a compatible license.
See https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html
If the developer choses the Swiss Ephemeris Professional license,
he must follow the instructions as found in http://www.astro.com/swisseph/
and purchase the Swiss Ephemeris Professional Edition from Astrodienst
and sign the corresponding license contract.
The License grants you the right to use, copy, modify and redistribute
Swiss Ephemeris, but only under certain conditions described in the License.
Among other things, the License requires that the copyright notices and
this notice be preserved on all copies.
Authors of the Swiss Ephemeris: Dieter Koch and Alois Treindl
The authors of Swiss Ephemeris have no control or influence over any of
the derived works, i.e. over software or services created by other
programmers which use Swiss Ephemeris functions.
The names of the authors or of the copyright holder (Astrodienst) must not
be used for promoting any software, product or service which uses or contains
the Swiss Ephemeris. This copyright notice is the ONLY place where the
names of the authors can legally appear, except in cases where they have
given special permission in writing.
The trademarks 'Swiss Ephemeris' and 'Swiss Ephemeris inside' may be used
for promoting such software, products or services.
*/
#include "swephexp.h"
#include "sweph.h"
#include "swephlib.h"
#include <sys/stat.h>
#define PLSV 0 /*if Planet, Lunar and Stellar Visibility formula is needed PLSV=1*/
#define criticalangle 0.0 /*[deg]*/
#define BNIGHT 1479.0 /*[nL]*/
#define BNIGHT_FACTOR 1.0
#define PI M_PI
#define Min2Deg (1.0 / 60.0)
#define SWEHEL_DEBUG 0
#define DONE 1
#define MaxTryHours 4
#define TimeStepDefault 1
#define LocalMinStep 8
/* time constants */
#define Y2D 365.25 /*[Day]*/
#define D2Y (1 / Y2D) /*[Year]*/
#define D2H 24.0 /*[Hour]*/
#define H2S 3600.0 /*[sec]*/
#define D2S (D2H * H2S) /*[sec]*/
#define S2H (1.0 / H2S) /*[Hour]*/
#define JC2D 36525.0 /*[Day]*/
#define M2S 60.0 /*[sec]*/
/* Determines which algorimths are used*/
#define REFR_SINCLAIR 0
#define REFR_BENNETTH 1
#define FormAstroRefrac REFR_SINCLAIR /*for Astronomical refraction can be "bennetth" or "sinclair"*/
#define GravitySource 2 /*0=RGO, 1=Wikipedia,2=Exp. Suppl. 1992,3=van der Werf*/
#define REarthSource 1 /*0=RGO (constant), 1=WGS84 method*/
#define StartYear 1820 /*[year]*/
#define Average 1.80546834626888 /*[msec/cy]*/
#define Periodicy 1443.67123144531 /*[year]*/
#define Amplitude 3.75606495492684 /*[msec]*/
#define phase 0 /*[deg]*/
#define MAX_COUNT_SYNPER 5 /* search within 10 synodic periods */
#define MAX_COUNT_SYNPER_MAX 1000000 /* high, so there is not max count */
#define AvgRadiusMoon (15.541 / 60) /* '[Deg] at 2007 CE or BCE*/
/* WGS84 ellipsoid constants
* http://w3sli.wcape.gov.za/Surveys/Mapping/wgs84.htm*/
#define Ra 6378136.6 /*'[m]*/
#define Rb 6356752.314 /*'[m]*/
/* choices in Schaefer's model */
#define nL2erg (1.02E-15)
#define erg2nL (1 / nL2erg) /*erg2nL to nLambert*/
#define MoonDistance 384410.4978 /*[km]*/
#define scaleHwater 3000.0 /*[m] Ricchiazzi [1997] 8200 Schaefer [2000]*/
#define scaleHrayleigh 8515.0 /*[m] Su [2003] 8200 Schaefer [2000]*/
#define scaleHaerosol 3745.0 /*m Su [2003] 1500 Schaefer [2000]*/
#define scaleHozone 20000.0 /*[m] Schaefer [2000]*/
#define astr2tau 0.921034037197618 /*LN(10 ^ 0.4)*/
#define tau2astr 1 / astr2tau
/* meteorological constants*/
#define C2K 273.15 /*[K]*/
#define DELTA 18.36
#define TempNulDiff 0.000001
#define PressRef 1000 /*[mbar]*/
#define MD 28.964 /*[kg] Mol weight of dry air van der Werf*/
#define MW 18.016 /*[kg] Mol weight of water vapor*/
#define GCR 8314.472 /*[L/kmol/K] van der Werf*/
#define LapseSA 0.0065 /*[K/m] standard atmosphere*/
#define LapseDA 0.0098 /*[K/m] dry adiabatic*/
/* lowest apparent altitude to provide*/
#define LowestAppAlt -3.5 /*[Deg]*/
/*optimization delta*/
#define epsilon 0.001
/* for Airmass usage*/
#define staticAirmass 0 /* use staticAirmass=1 instead depending on difference k's*/
/* optic stuff */
#define GOpticMag 1 /*telescope magnification*/
#define GOpticTrans 0.8 /*telescope transmission*/
#define GBinocular 1 /*1-binocular 0=monocular*/
#define GOpticDia 50 /*telescope diameter [mm]*/
static double mymin(double a, double b)
{
if (a <= b)
return a;
return b;
}
static double mymax(double a, double b)
{
if (a >= b)
return a;
return b;
}
/*###################################################################*/
static double Tanh(double x)
{
return (exp(x) - exp(-x)) / (exp(x) + exp(-x));
}
/*
' B [nL]
' SN [-]
' CVA [deg]
*/
static double CVA(double B, double SN, int32 helflag)
{
/*Schaefer, Astronomy and the limits of vision, Archaeoastronomy, 1993*/
AS_BOOL is_scotopic = FALSE;
//if (B < BNIGHT)
if (B < 1394) /* use this value for BNIGHT to make the function continous */
is_scotopic = TRUE;
if (helflag & SE_HELFLAG_VISLIM_PHOTOPIC)
is_scotopic = FALSE;
if (helflag & SE_HELFLAG_VISLIM_SCOTOPIC)
is_scotopic = TRUE;
if (is_scotopic)
return mymin(900, 380 / SN * pow(10, (0.3 * pow(B, (-0.29))))) / 60.0 / 60.0;
else
return (40.0 / SN) * pow(10, (8.28 * pow(B, (-0.29)))) / 60.0 / 60.0;
}
/*
' age [year]
' B [nL]
' PupilDia [mm]
*/
static double PupilDia(double Age, double B)
{
/* age dependancy from Garstang [2000]*/
return (0.534 - 0.00211 * Age - (0.236 - 0.00127 * Age) * Tanh(0.4 * log(B) / log(10) - 2.2)) * 10;
}
/*
'Input
' Bback [nL]
' kX [-]
' Binocular [-]
' OpticMag [-]
' OpticDia [mm]
' OpticTrans [-]
' JDNDaysUT [JDN]
' Age [Year]
' SN [-]
' ObjectName
' TypeFactor [0=itensity factor 1=background factor]
'Output
' OpticFactor [-]
*/
static double OpticFactor(double Bback, double kX, double *dobs, double JDNDaysUT, char *ObjectName, int TypeFactor, int helflag)
{
double Pst, CIb, CIi, ObjectSize, Fb, Fe, Fsc, Fci, Fcb, Ft, Fp, Fa, Fr, Fm;
double Age = dobs[0];
double SN = dobs[1], SNi;
double Binocular = dobs[2];
double OpticMag = dobs[3];
double OpticDia = dobs[4];
double OpticTrans = dobs[5];
AS_BOOL is_scotopic = FALSE;
JDNDaysUT += 0.0; /* currently not used, statement prevents compiler warning */
SNi = SN;
if (SNi <= 0.00000001) SNi = 0.00000001;
/* 23 jaar as standard from Garstang*/
Pst = PupilDia(23, Bback);
if (OpticMag == 1) { /*OpticMagn=1 means using eye*/
OpticTrans = 1;
OpticDia = Pst;
}
#if 0 /*is done in default_heliacal_parameters()*/
if (OpticMag == 0) { /*OpticMagn=0 (undefined) using eye*/
OpticTrans = 1;
OpticDia = Pst;
Binocular = 1;
OpticMag = 1;
}
#endif
/* Schaefer, Astronomy and the limits of vision, Archaeoastronomy, 1993*/
CIb = 0.7; /* color of background (from Ben Sugerman)*/
CIi = 0.5; /* Color index for white (from Ben Sugerman), should be function of ObjectName*/
ObjectSize = 0;
if (strcmp(ObjectName, "moon") == 0) {
/*ObjectSize and CI needs to be determined (depending on JDNDaysUT)*/
;
}
Fb = 1;
if (Binocular == 0) Fb = 1.41;
//if (Bback < BNIGHT)
if (Bback < 1645) /* use this value for BNIGHT to make the function continuous */
is_scotopic = TRUE;
if (helflag & SE_HELFLAG_VISLIM_PHOTOPIC)
is_scotopic = FALSE;
if (helflag & SE_HELFLAG_VISLIM_SCOTOPIC)
is_scotopic = TRUE;
if (is_scotopic) {
Fe = pow(10, (0.48 * kX));
Fsc = mymin(1, (1 - pow(Pst / 124.4, 4)) / (1 - pow((OpticDia / OpticMag / 124.4), 4)));
Fci = pow(10, (-0.4 * (1 - CIi / 2.0)));
Fcb = pow(10, (-0.4 * (1 - CIb / 2.0)));
} else {
Fe = pow(10, (0.4 * kX));
Fsc = mymin(1, pow((OpticDia / OpticMag / Pst), 2) * (1 - exp(-pow((Pst / 6.2), 2))) / (1 - exp(-pow((OpticDia / OpticMag / 6.2), 2))));
Fci = 1;
Fcb = 1;
}
Ft = 1 / OpticTrans;
Fp = mymax(1, pow((Pst / (OpticMag * PupilDia(Age, Bback))), 2));
Fa = pow((Pst / OpticDia), 2);
Fr = (1 + 0.03 * pow((OpticMag * ObjectSize / CVA(Bback, SNi, helflag)), 2)) / pow(SNi, 2);
Fm = pow(OpticMag, 2);
#if SWEHEL_DEBUG
fprintf(stderr, "Pst=%f\n", Pst);
fprintf(stderr, "Fb =%f\n", Fb);
fprintf(stderr, "Fe =%f\n", Fe);
fprintf(stderr, "Ft =%f\n", Ft);
fprintf(stderr, "Fp =%f\n", Fp);
fprintf(stderr, "Fa =%f\n", Fa);
fprintf(stderr, "Fm =%f\n", Fm);
fprintf(stderr, "Fsc=%f\n", Fsc);
fprintf(stderr, "Fci=%f\n", Fci);
fprintf(stderr, "Fcb=%f\n", Fcb);
fprintf(stderr, "Fr =%f\n", Fr );
#endif
if (TypeFactor == 0)
return Fb * Fe * Ft * Fp * Fa * Fr * Fsc * Fci;
else
return Fb * Ft * Fp * Fa * Fm * Fsc * Fcb;
}
/*###################################################################
*/
static int32 DeterObject(char *ObjectName)
{
char s[AS_MAXCH];
char *sp;
int32 ipl;
strcpy(s, ObjectName);
for (sp = s; *sp != '\0'; sp++)
*sp = tolower(*sp);
if (strncmp(s, "sun", 3) == 0)
return SE_SUN;
if (strncmp(s, "venus", 5) == 0)
return SE_VENUS;
if (strncmp(s, "mars", 4) == 0)
return SE_MARS;
if (strncmp(s, "mercur", 6) == 0)
return SE_MERCURY;
if (strncmp(s, "jupiter", 7) == 0)
return SE_JUPITER;
if (strncmp(s, "saturn", 6) == 0)
return SE_SATURN;
if (strncmp(s, "uranus", 6) == 0)
return SE_URANUS;
if (strncmp(s, "neptun", 6) == 0)
return SE_NEPTUNE;
if (strncmp(s, "moon", 4) == 0)
return SE_MOON;
if ((ipl = atoi(s)) > 0) {
ipl += SE_AST_OFFSET;
return ipl;
}
return -1;
}
#if 0
int32 call_swe_calc(double tjd, int32 ipl, int32 iflag, double *x, char *serr)
{
int32 retval = OK, ipli, i;
double dtjd;
static TLS double tjdsv[3];
static TLS double xsv[3][6];
static TLS int32 iflagsv[3];
ipli = ipl;
if (ipli > SE_MOON)
ipli = 2;
dtjd = tjd - tjdsv[ipli];
if (tjdsv[ipli] != 0 && iflag == iflagsv[ipli] && fabs(dtjd) < 5.0 / 1440.0) {
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
x[i] = xsv[ipli][i] + dtjd * xsv[ipli][i+3];
for (i = 3; i < 6; i++)
x[i] = xsv[ipli][i];
} else {
retval = swe_calc(tjd, ipl, iflag, x, serr);
tjdsv[ipli] = tjd;
iflagsv[ipli] = iflag;
for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
xsv[ipli][i] = x[i];
}
return retval;
}
#endif
/* avoids problems with star name string that may be overwritten by
swe_fixstar() */
static int32 call_swe_fixstar(char *star, double tjd, int32 iflag, double *xx, char *serr)
{
int32 retval;
char star2[AS_MAXCH];
strcpy(star2, star);
retval = swe_fixstar(star2, tjd, iflag, xx, serr);
return retval;
}
/* avoids problems with star name string that may be overwritten by
swe_fixstar_mag() */
static int32 call_swe_fixstar_mag(char *star, double *mag, char *serr)
{
int32 retval;
char star2[AS_MAXCH];
static TLS double dmag;
static TLS char star_save[AS_MAXCH];
if (strcmp(star, star_save) == 0) {
*mag = dmag;
return OK;
}
strcpy(star_save, star);
strcpy(star2, star);
retval = swe_fixstar_mag(star2, &dmag, serr);
*mag = dmag;
return retval;
}
/* avoids problems with star name string that may be overwritten by
swe_fixstar() */
static int32 call_swe_rise_trans(double tjd, int32 ipl, char *star, int32 helflag, int32 eventtype, double *dgeo, double atpress, double attemp, double *tret, char *serr)
{
int32 retval;
int32 iflag = helflag & (SEFLG_JPLEPH|SEFLG_SWIEPH|SEFLG_MOSEPH);
char star2[AS_MAXCH];
strcpy(star2, star);
retval = swe_rise_trans(tjd, ipl, star2, iflag, eventtype, dgeo, atpress, attemp, tret, serr);
return retval;
}
/*
* Written by Dieter Koch:
* Fast function for risings and settings of planets, can be used instead of
* swe_rise_trans(), which is much slower.
* For circumpolar and near-circumpolar planets use swe_rise_trans(), or
* generally use it for geographical latitudes higher than 58N/S.
* For fixed stars, swe_rise_trans() is fast enough.
*/
static int32 calc_rise_and_set(double tjd_start, int32 ipl, double *dgeo, double *datm, int32 eventflag, int32 helflag, double *trise, char *serr)
{
int retc = OK, i;
double sda, xs[6], xx[6], xaz[6], xaz2[6], dfac = 1/365.25;
double rdi, rh;
double tjd0 = tjd_start, tjdrise;
double tjdnoon = (int) tjd0 - dgeo[0] / 15.0 / 24.0;
int32 iflag = helflag & (SEFLG_JPLEPH|SEFLG_SWIEPH|SEFLG_MOSEPH);
int32 epheflag = iflag;
iflag |= SEFLG_EQUATORIAL;
if (!(helflag & SE_HELFLAG_HIGH_PRECISION))
iflag |= SEFLG_NONUT|SEFLG_TRUEPOS;
if (swe_calc_ut(tjd0, SE_SUN, iflag, xs, serr) == 0) {
if (serr != NULL)
strcpy(serr, "error in calc_rise_and_set(): calc(sun) failed ");
return ERR;
}
if (swe_calc_ut(tjd0, ipl, iflag, xx, serr) == 0) {
if (serr != NULL)
strcpy(serr, "error in calc_rise_and_set(): calc(sun) failed ");
return ERR;
}
tjdnoon -= swe_degnorm(xs[0] - xx[0])/360.0 + 0;
/* is planet above horizon or below? */
swe_azalt(tjd0, SE_EQU2HOR, dgeo, datm[0], datm[1], xx, xaz);
if (eventflag & SE_CALC_RISE) {
if (xaz[2] > 0) {
while (tjdnoon - tjd0 < 0.5) {/*printf("e");*/tjdnoon += 1;}
while (tjdnoon - tjd0 > 1.5) {/*printf("f");*/tjdnoon -= 1;}
} else {
while (tjdnoon - tjd0 < 0.0) {/*printf("g");*/tjdnoon += 1;}
while (tjdnoon - tjd0 > 1.0) {/*printf("h");*/tjdnoon -= 1;}
}
} else {
if (xaz[2] > 0) {
while (tjd0 - tjdnoon > 0.5) {/*printf("a");*/ tjdnoon += 1;}
while (tjd0 - tjdnoon < -0.5) {/*printf("b");*/ tjdnoon -= 1;}
} else {
while (tjd0 - tjdnoon > 0.0) {/*printf("c");*/ tjdnoon += 1;}
while (tjd0 - tjdnoon < -1.0) {/*printf("d");*/ tjdnoon -= 1;}
}
}
/* position of planet */
if (swe_calc_ut(tjdnoon, ipl, iflag, xx, serr) == ERR) {
if (serr != NULL)
strcpy(serr, "error in calc_rise_and_set(): calc(sun) failed ");
return ERR;
}
/* apparent radius of solar disk (ignoring refraction) */
rdi = 0;
if (ipl == SE_SUN)
rdi = asin(696000000.0 / 1.49597870691e+11 / xx[2]) / DEGTORAD;
else if (ipl == SE_MOON)
rdi = asin(1737000.0 / 1.49597870691e+11 / xx[2]) / DEGTORAD;
if (eventflag & SE_BIT_DISC_CENTER)
rdi = 0;
/* true altitude of sun, when it appears at the horizon */
/* refraction for a body visible at the horizon at 0m above sea,
* atmospheric temperature 10 deg C, atmospheric pressure 1013.25 is 34.5 arcmin*/
rh = -(34.5 / 60.0 + rdi);
/* semidiurnal arc of sun */
sda = acos(-tan(dgeo[1] * DEGTORAD) * tan(xx[1] * DEGTORAD)) * RADTODEG;
/* rough rising and setting times */
if (eventflag & SE_CALC_RISE)
tjdrise = tjdnoon - sda / 360.0;
else
tjdrise = tjdnoon + sda / 360.0;
/*ph->tset = tjd_start + sda / 360.0;*/
/* now calculate more accurate rising and setting times.
* use vertical speed in order to determine crossing of the horizon
* refraction of 34' and solar disk diameter of 16' = 50' = 0.84 deg */
iflag = epheflag|SEFLG_SPEED|SEFLG_EQUATORIAL;
if (ipl == SE_MOON)
iflag |= SEFLG_TOPOCTR;
if (!(helflag & SE_HELFLAG_HIGH_PRECISION))
iflag |= SEFLG_NONUT|SEFLG_TRUEPOS;
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
if (swe_calc_ut(tjdrise, ipl, iflag, xx, serr) == ERR) {
/*fprintf(stderr, "hev4 tjd=%f, ipl=%d, iflag=%d\n", tjdrise, ipl, iflag);*/
return ERR;
}
swe_azalt(tjdrise, SE_EQU2HOR, dgeo, datm[0], datm[1], xx, xaz);
xx[0] -= xx[3] * dfac;
xx[1] -= xx[4] * dfac;
swe_azalt(tjdrise - dfac, SE_EQU2HOR, dgeo, datm[0], datm[1], xx, xaz2);
tjdrise -= (xaz[1] - rh) / (xaz[1] - xaz2[1]) * dfac;
/*fprintf(stderr, "%f\n", ph->trise);*/
}
*trise = tjdrise;
return retc;
}
static int32 my_rise_trans(double tjd, int32 ipl, char* starname, int32 eventtype, int32 helflag, double *dgeo, double *datm, double *tret, char *serr)
{
int retc = OK;
if (starname != NULL && *starname != '\0')
ipl = DeterObject(starname);
/* for non-circumpolar planets we can use a faster algorithm */
/*if (!(helflag & SE_HELFLAG_HIGH_PRECISION) && ipl != -1 && fabs(dgeo[1]) < 58) {*/
if (ipl != -1 && fabs(dgeo[1]) < 63) {
retc = calc_rise_and_set(tjd, ipl, dgeo, datm, eventtype, helflag, tret, serr);
/* for stars and circumpolar planets we use a rigorous algorithm */
} else {
retc = call_swe_rise_trans(tjd, ipl, starname, helflag, eventtype, dgeo, datm[0], datm[1], tret, serr);
}
/* printf("%f, %f\n", tjd, *tret);*/
return retc;
}
/*###################################################################
' JDNDaysUT [Days]
' dgeo [array: longitude, latitude, eye height above sea m]
' TempE [C]
' PresE [mbar]
' ObjectName (string)
' RSEvent (1=rise, 2=set,3=up transit,4=down transit)
' Rim [0=center,1=top]
' RiseSet [Day]
*/
static int32 RiseSet(double JDNDaysUT, double *dgeo, double *datm, char *ObjectName, int32 RSEvent, int32 helflag, int32 Rim, double *tret, char *serr)
{
int32 eventtype = RSEvent, Planet, retval;
if (Rim == 0)
eventtype |= SE_BIT_DISC_CENTER;
Planet = DeterObject(ObjectName);
if (Planet != -1)
retval = my_rise_trans(JDNDaysUT, Planet, "", eventtype, helflag, dgeo, datm, tret, serr);
else
retval = my_rise_trans(JDNDaysUT, -1, ObjectName, eventtype, helflag, dgeo, datm, tret, serr);
return retval;
}
/*###################################################################
' JDNDaysUT [Days]
' actual [0= approximation, 1=actual]
' SunRA [deg]
*/
static double SunRA(double JDNDaysUT, int32 helflag, char *serr)
{
int imon, iday, iyar, calflag = SE_GREG_CAL;
double dut;
static TLS double tjdlast;
static TLS double ralast;
helflag += 0; /* statement prevents compiler warning */
*serr = '\0';
if (JDNDaysUT == tjdlast)
return ralast;
#ifndef SIMULATE_VICTORVB
if (1) { /*helflag & SE_HELFLAG_HIGH_PRECISION) {*/
double tjd_tt;
double x[6];
int32 epheflag = helflag & (SEFLG_JPLEPH|SEFLG_SWIEPH|SEFLG_MOSEPH);
int32 iflag = epheflag | SEFLG_EQUATORIAL;
iflag |= SEFLG_NONUT | SEFLG_TRUEPOS;
tjd_tt = JDNDaysUT + swe_deltat_ex(JDNDaysUT, epheflag, serr);
if (swe_calc(tjd_tt, SE_SUN, iflag, x, serr) != ERR) {
ralast = x[0];
tjdlast = JDNDaysUT;
return ralast;
}
}
#endif
swe_revjul(JDNDaysUT, calflag, &iyar, &imon, &iday, &dut); /* this seems to be much faster than calling swe_revjul() ! Note: only because SunRA is called 1000s of times */
tjdlast = JDNDaysUT;
ralast = swe_degnorm((imon + (iday - 1) / 30.4 - 3.69) * 30);
/*ralast = (DatefromJDut(JDNDaysUT, 2) + (DatefromJDut(JDNDaysUT, 3) - 1) / 30.4 - 3.69) * 30;*/
return ralast;
}
/*###################################################################
' Temp [C]
' Kelvin [K]
*/
static double Kelvin(double Temp)
{
/*' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin*/
return Temp + C2K;
}
/*###################################################################
' AppAlt [deg]
' TempE [C]
' PresE [mbar]
' TopoAltitudefromAppAlt [deg]
*/
static double TopoAltfromAppAlt(double AppAlt, double TempE, double PresE)
{
double R = 0;
double retalt = 0;
if (AppAlt >= LowestAppAlt) {
if (AppAlt > 17.904104638432)
R = 0.97 / tan(AppAlt * DEGTORAD);
else
R = (34.46 + 4.23 * AppAlt + 0.004 * AppAlt * AppAlt) / (1 + 0.505 * AppAlt + 0.0845 * AppAlt * AppAlt);
R = (PresE - 80) / 930 / (1 + 0.00008 * (R + 39) * (TempE - 10)) * R;
retalt = AppAlt - R * Min2Deg;
} else {
retalt = AppAlt;
}
return retalt;
}
/*###################################################################
' TopoAlt [deg]
' TempE [C]
' PresE [mbar]
' AppAltfromTopoAlt [deg]
' call this instead of swe_azalt(), because it is faster (lower precision
' is required)
*/
static double AppAltfromTopoAlt(double TopoAlt, double TempE, double PresE, int32 helflag)
{
/* using methodology of Newtown derivatives (analogue to what Swiss Emphemeris uses)*/
int i, nloop = 2;
double newAppAlt = TopoAlt;
double newTopoAlt = 0.0;
double oudAppAlt = newAppAlt;
double oudTopoAlt = newTopoAlt;
double verschil, retalt;
if (helflag & SE_HELFLAG_HIGH_PRECISION)
nloop = 5;
for (i = 0; i <= nloop; i++) {
newTopoAlt = newAppAlt - TopoAltfromAppAlt(newAppAlt, TempE, PresE);
/*newTopoAlt = newAppAlt - swe_refrac(newAppAlt, PresE, TempE, SE_CALC_APP_TO_TRUE);*/
verschil = newAppAlt - oudAppAlt;
oudAppAlt = newTopoAlt - oudTopoAlt - verschil;
if ((verschil != 0) && (oudAppAlt != 0))
verschil = newAppAlt - verschil * (TopoAlt + newTopoAlt - newAppAlt) / oudAppAlt;
else
verschil = TopoAlt + newTopoAlt;
oudAppAlt = newAppAlt;
oudTopoAlt = newTopoAlt;
newAppAlt = verschil;
}
retalt = TopoAlt + newTopoAlt;
if (retalt < LowestAppAlt)
retalt = TopoAlt;
return retalt;
}
/*###################################################################
' TopoAlt [deg]
' TopoDecl [deg]
' Lat [deg]
' HourAngle [hour]
*/
static double HourAngle(double TopoAlt, double TopoDecl, double Lat)
{
double Alti = TopoAlt * DEGTORAD;
double decli = TopoDecl * DEGTORAD;
double Lati = Lat * DEGTORAD;
double ha = (sin(Alti) - sin(Lati) * sin(decli)) / cos(Lati) / cos(decli);
if (ha < -1) ha = -1;
if (ha > 1) ha = 1;
/* from http://star-www.st-and.ac.uk/~fv/webnotes/chapt12.htm*/
return acos(ha) / DEGTORAD / 15.0;
}
/*###################################################################
' JDNDaysUT [Days]
' dgeo [array: longitude, latitude, eye height above sea m]
' TempE [C]
' PresE [mbar]
' ObjectName [-]
' Angle (0 = TopoAlt, 1 = Azi, 2=Topo Declination, 3=Topo Rectascension, 4=AppAlt,5=Geo Declination, 6=Geo Rectascension)
' ObjectLoc [deg]
*/
static int32 ObjectLoc(double JDNDaysUT, double *dgeo, double *datm, char *ObjectName, int32 Angle, int32 helflag, double *dret, char *serr)
{
double x[6], xin[3], xaz[3], tjd_tt;
int32 Planet;
int32 epheflag;
int32 iflag = SEFLG_EQUATORIAL;
epheflag = helflag & (SEFLG_JPLEPH|SEFLG_SWIEPH|SEFLG_MOSEPH);
iflag |= epheflag;
if (!(helflag & SE_HELFLAG_HIGH_PRECISION))
iflag |= SEFLG_NONUT | SEFLG_TRUEPOS;
if (Angle < 5) iflag = iflag | SEFLG_TOPOCTR;
if (Angle == 7) Angle = 0;
tjd_tt = JDNDaysUT + swe_deltat_ex(JDNDaysUT, epheflag, serr);
Planet = DeterObject(ObjectName);
if (Planet != -1) {
if (swe_calc(tjd_tt, Planet, iflag, x, serr) == ERR)
return ERR;
} else {
if (call_swe_fixstar(ObjectName, tjd_tt, iflag, x, serr) == ERR)
return ERR;
}
if (Angle == 2 || Angle == 5) {
*dret = x[1];
} else {
if (Angle == 3 || Angle == 6) {
*dret = x[0];
} else {
xin[0] = x[0];
xin[1] = x[1];
swe_azalt(JDNDaysUT, SE_EQU2HOR, dgeo, datm[0], datm[1], xin, xaz);
if (Angle == 0)
*dret = xaz[1];
if (Angle == 4)
*dret = AppAltfromTopoAlt(xaz[1], datm[0], datm[1], helflag);
if (Angle == 1) {
xaz[0] += 180;
if (xaz[0] >= 360)
xaz[0] -= 360;
*dret = xaz[0];
}
}
}
return OK;
}
/*###################################################################
' JDNDaysUT [Days]
' dgeo [array: longitude, latitude, eye height above sea m]
' TempE [C]
' PresE [mbar]
' ObjectName [-]
' Angle (0 = TopoAlt, 1 = Azi, 2=Topo Declination, 3=Topo Rectascension, 4=AppAlt,5=Geo Declination, 6=Geo Rectascension)
' ObjectLoc [deg]
*/
static int32 azalt_cart(double JDNDaysUT, double *dgeo, double *datm, char *ObjectName, int32 helflag, double *dret, char *serr)
{
double x[6], xin[3], xaz[3], tjd_tt;
int32 Planet;
int32 epheflag;
int32 iflag = SEFLG_EQUATORIAL;
epheflag = helflag & (SEFLG_JPLEPH|SEFLG_SWIEPH|SEFLG_MOSEPH);
iflag |= epheflag;
if (!(helflag & SE_HELFLAG_HIGH_PRECISION))
iflag |= SEFLG_NONUT | SEFLG_TRUEPOS;
iflag = iflag | SEFLG_TOPOCTR;
tjd_tt = JDNDaysUT + swe_deltat_ex(JDNDaysUT, epheflag, serr);
Planet = DeterObject(ObjectName);
if (Planet != -1) {
if (swe_calc(tjd_tt, Planet, iflag, x, serr) == ERR)
return ERR;
} else {
if (call_swe_fixstar(ObjectName, tjd_tt, iflag, x, serr) == ERR)
return ERR;
}
xin[0] = x[0];
xin[1] = x[1];
swe_azalt(JDNDaysUT, SE_EQU2HOR, dgeo, datm[0], datm[1], xin, xaz);
dret[0] = xaz[0];
dret[1] = xaz[1]; /* true altitude */
dret[2] = xaz[2]; /* apparent altitude */
/* also return cartesian coordinates, for apparent altitude */
xaz[1] = xaz[2];
xaz[2] = 1;
swi_polcart(xaz, xaz);
dret[3] = xaz[0];
dret[4] = xaz[1];
dret[5] = xaz[2];
return OK;
}
/*###################################################################
' LatA [rad]
' LongA [rad]
' LatB [rad]
' LongB [rad]
' DistanceAngle [rad]
*/
static double DistanceAngle(double LatA, double LongA, double LatB, double LongB)
{
double dlon = LongB - LongA;
double dlat = LatB - LatA;
/* Haversine formula
* http://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/GIS-FAQ-5.1.html
* R.W. Sinnott, Virtues of the Haversine, Sky and Telescope, vol. 68, no. 2, 1984, p. 159
*/
double sindlat2 = sin(dlat / 2);
double sindlon2 = sin(dlon / 2);
double corde = sindlat2 * sindlat2 + cos(LatA) * cos(LatB) * sindlon2 *sindlon2;
if (corde > 1) corde = 1;
return 2 * asin(sqrt(corde));
}
/*###################################################################
' heighteye [m]
' TempS [C]
' RH [%]
' kW [-]
*/
static double kW(double HeightEye, double TempS, double RH)
{
/* From Schaefer , Archaeoastronomy, XV, 2000, page 128*/
double WT = 0.031;
WT *= 0.94 * (RH / 100.0) * exp(TempS / 15) * exp(-1 * HeightEye / scaleHwater);
return WT;
}
/*###################################################################
' JDNDaysUT [-]
' AltS [deg]
' lat [deg]
' kOZ [-]
*/
static double kOZ(double AltS, double sunra, double Lat)
{
double CHANGEKO, OZ, LT, kOZret;
static TLS double koz_last, alts_last, sunra_last;
double altslim = 0;
if (AltS == alts_last && sunra == sunra_last)
return koz_last;
alts_last = AltS; sunra_last = sunra;
OZ = 0.031;
LT = Lat * DEGTORAD;
/* From Schaefer , Archaeoastronomy, XV, 2000, page 128*/
kOZret = OZ * (3.0 + 0.4 * (LT * cos(sunra * DEGTORAD) - cos(3 * LT))) / 3.0;
/* depending on day/night vision (altitude of sun < start astronomical twilight), KO changes from 100% to 30%
* see extinction section of Vistas in Astronomy page 343*/
altslim = -AltS - 12;
if (altslim < 0)
altslim = 0;
CHANGEKO = (100 - 11.6 * mymin(6, altslim)) / 100;
if ((0)) {
static int a = 0;
if (a == 0)
printf("bsk=%f %f\n", kOZret, AltS);
a = 1;
}
koz_last = kOZret * CHANGEKO;
return koz_last;
}
/*###################################################################
' AltS [deg]
' heighteye [m]
' kR [-]
*/
static double kR(double AltS, double HeightEye)
{
/* depending on day/night vision (altitude of sun < start astronomical twilight),
* lambda eye sensibility changes
* see extinction section of Vistas in Astronomy page 343*/
double CHANGEK, LAMBDA;
double val = -AltS - 12;
if (val < 0) val = 0;
if (val > 6) val = 6;
/*CHANGEK = (1 - 0.166667 * Min(6, Max(-AltS - 12, 0)));*/
CHANGEK = (1 - 0.166667 * val );
LAMBDA = 0.55 + (CHANGEK - 1) * 0.04;
/* From Schaefer , Archaeoastronomy, XV, 2000, page 128 */
return 0.1066 * exp(-1 * HeightEye / scaleHrayleigh) * pow(LAMBDA / 0.55 , -4);
}
static int Sgn(double x)
{
if (x < 0)
return -1;
return 1;
}
/*###################################################################
' JDNDaysUT [-]
' AltS [deg]
' lat [deg]
' heighteye [m]
' TempS [C]
' RH [%]
' VR [km]
' ka [-]
*/
static double ka(double AltS, double sunra, double Lat, double HeightEye, double TempS, double RH, double VR, char *serr)
{
double CHANGEKA, LAMBDA, BetaVr, Betaa, kaact;
double SL = Sgn(Lat);
/* depending on day/night vision (altitude of sun < start astronomical twilight),
* lambda eye sensibility changes
* see extinction section of Vistas in Astronomy page 343 */
static TLS double alts_last, sunra_last, ka_last;
if (AltS == alts_last && sunra == sunra_last)
return ka_last;
alts_last = AltS; sunra_last = sunra;
CHANGEKA = (1 - 0.166667 * mymin(6, mymax(-AltS - 12, 0)));
LAMBDA = 0.55 + (CHANGEKA - 1) * 0.04;
if (VR != 0) {
if (VR >= 1) {
/* Visbility range from http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/publications/pdfs/Narasimhan_CVPR03.pdf
* http://www.icao.int/anb/SG/AMOSSG/meetings/amossg3/wp/SN11Rev.pdf where MOR=2.995/ke
* factor 1.3 is the relation between "prevailing visibility" and
* meteorological range was derived by Koshmeider in the 1920's */
BetaVr = 3.912 / VR;
Betaa = BetaVr - (kW(HeightEye, TempS, RH) / scaleHwater + kR(AltS, HeightEye) / scaleHrayleigh) * 1000 * astr2tau;
kaact = Betaa * scaleHaerosol / 1000 * tau2astr;
if (kaact < 0) {
if (serr != NULL)
strcpy(serr, "The provided Meteorological range is too long, when taking into acount other atmospheric parameters"); /* is a warning */
/* return 0; * return "#HIGHVR"; */
}
} else {
kaact = VR - kW(HeightEye, TempS, RH) - kR(AltS, HeightEye) - kOZ(AltS, sunra, Lat);
if (kaact < 0) {
if (serr != NULL)
strcpy(serr, "The provided atmosphic coeefficent (ktot) is too low, when taking into acount other atmospheric parameters"); /* is a warning */
/* return 0; * "#LOWktot"; */
}
}
} else {
/* From Schaefer , Archaeoastronomy, XV, 2000, page 128 */
#ifdef SIMULATE_VICTORVB
if (RH <= 0.00000001) RH = 0.00000001;
if (RH >= 99.99999999) RH = 99.99999999;
#endif
kaact = 0.1 * exp(-1 * HeightEye / scaleHaerosol) * pow(1 - 0.32 / log(RH / 100.0), 1.33) * (1 + 0.33 * SL * sin(sunra * DEGTORAD));
kaact = kaact * pow(LAMBDA / 0.55, -1.3);
}
ka_last = kaact;
return kaact;
}
/*###################################################################
' JDNDaysUT [-]
' AltS [deg]
' lat [deg]
' heighteye [m]
' TempS [C]
' RH [%]
' VR [km]
' ExtType [0=ka,1=kW,2=kR,3=kOZ,4=ktot]
' kt [-]
*/
static double kt(double AltS, double sunra, double Lat, double HeightEye, double TempS, double RH, double VR, int32 ExtType, char *serr)
{
double kRact = 0;
double kWact = 0;
double kOZact = 0;
double kaact = 0;
if (ExtType == 2 || ExtType == 4)
kRact = kR(AltS, HeightEye);
if (ExtType == 1 || ExtType == 4)
kWact = kW(HeightEye, TempS, RH);
if (ExtType == 3 || ExtType == 4)
kOZact = kOZ(AltS, sunra, Lat);
if (ExtType == 0 || ExtType == 4)
kaact = ka(AltS, sunra, Lat, HeightEye, TempS, RH, VR, serr);
if (kaact < 0)
kaact = 0;
return kWact + kRact + kOZact + kaact;
}
/*###################################################################
' AppAlt0 [deg]
' PresS [mbar]
' Airmass [??]
*/
static double Airmass(double AppAltO, double Press)
{
double airm, zend;
zend = (90 - AppAltO) * DEGTORAD;
if (zend > PI / 2)
zend = PI / 2;
airm = 1 / (cos(zend) + 0.025 * exp(-11 * cos(zend)));
return Press / 1013 * airm;
}
/*###################################################################
' scaleH '[m]
' zend [rad]
' PresS [mbar]
' Xext [-]
*/
static double Xext(double scaleH, double zend, double Press)
{
return Press / 1013.0 / (cos(zend) + 0.01 * sqrt(scaleH / 1000.0) * exp(-30.0 / sqrt(scaleH / 1000.0) * cos(zend)));
}
/*###################################################################
' scaleH '[m]
' zend [rad]
' PresS [mbar]
' Xlay [-]
*/
static double Xlay(double scaleH, double zend, double Press)
{
/*return Press / 1013.0 / sqrt(1.0 - pow(sin(zend) / (1.0 + (scaleH / Ra)), 2));*/
double a = sin(zend) / (1.0 + (scaleH / Ra));
return Press / 1013.0 / sqrt(1.0 - a * a);
}
/*###################################################################
' Meteorological formula
'###################################################################