diff --git a/app.go b/app.go
index 7a0168fc0..c340e15b7 100644
--- a/app.go
+++ b/app.go
@@ -304,7 +304,6 @@ type App struct {
 
 	container *dig.Container
 	root      *module
-	modules   []*module
 
 	// Timeouts used
 	startTimeout time.Duration
@@ -446,7 +445,6 @@ func New(opts ...Option) *App {
 		log:   logger,
 		trace: []string{fxreflect.CallerStack(1, 2)[0].String()},
 	}
-	app.modules = append(app.modules, app.root)
 
 	for _, opt := range opts {
 		opt.apply(app.root)
@@ -475,10 +473,7 @@ func New(opts ...Option) *App {
 	}
 
 	app.container = dig.New(containerOptions...)
-
-	for _, m := range app.modules {
-		m.build(app, app.container)
-	}
+	app.root.build(app, app.container)
 
 	// Provide Fx types first to increase the chance a custom logger
 	// can be successfully built in the face of unrelated DI failure.
@@ -490,13 +485,10 @@ func New(opts ...Option) *App {
 	})
 	app.root.provide(provide{Target: app.shutdowner, Stack: frames})
 	app.root.provide(provide{Target: app.dotGraph, Stack: frames})
+	app.root.provideAll()
 
-	for _, m := range app.modules {
-		m.provideAll()
-	}
-
-	// Run decorators before executing any Invokes -- including the one
-	// inside constructCustomLogger.
+	// Run decorators before executing any Invokes
+	// (including the ones inside installAllEventLoggers).
 	app.err = multierr.Append(app.err, app.root.decorateAll())
 
 	// If you are thinking about returning here after provides: do not (just yet)!
@@ -504,9 +496,7 @@ func New(opts ...Option) *App {
 	// We'll want to flush them to the logger.
 
 	// custom app logger will be initialized by the root module.
-	for _, m := range app.modules {
-		m.constructAllCustomLoggers()
-	}
+	app.root.installAllEventLoggers()
 
 	// This error might have come from the provide loop above. We've
 	// already flushed to the custom logger, so we can return.
@@ -514,7 +504,7 @@ func New(opts ...Option) *App {
 		return app
 	}
 
-	if err := app.root.executeInvokes(); err != nil {
+	if err := app.root.invokeAll(); err != nil {
 		app.err = err
 
 		if dig.CanVisualizeError(err) {
diff --git a/module.go b/module.go
index d1986dafd..4615ad46a 100644
--- a/module.go
+++ b/module.go
@@ -253,11 +253,11 @@ func (m *module) supply(p provide) {
 }
 
 // Constructs custom loggers for all modules in the tree
-func (m *module) constructAllCustomLoggers() {
+func (m *module) installAllEventLoggers() {
 	if m.logConstructor != nil {
 		if buffer, ok := m.log.(*logBuffer); ok {
 			// default to parent's logger if custom logger constructor fails
-			if err := m.constructCustomLogger(buffer); err != nil {
+			if err := m.installEventLogger(buffer); err != nil {
 				m.app.err = multierr.Append(m.app.err, err)
 				m.log = m.fallbackLogger
 				buffer.Connect(m.log)
@@ -269,12 +269,11 @@ func (m *module) constructAllCustomLoggers() {
 	}
 
 	for _, mod := range m.modules {
-		mod.constructAllCustomLoggers()
+		mod.installAllEventLoggers()
 	}
 }
 
-// Mirroring the behavior of app.constructCustomLogger
-func (m *module) constructCustomLogger(buffer *logBuffer) (err error) {
+func (m *module) installEventLogger(buffer *logBuffer) (err error) {
 	p := m.logConstructor
 	fname := fxreflect.FuncName(p.Target)
 	defer func() {
@@ -297,15 +296,15 @@ func (m *module) constructCustomLogger(buffer *logBuffer) (err error) {
 	})
 }
 
-func (m *module) executeInvokes() error {
+func (m *module) invokeAll() error {
 	for _, m := range m.modules {
-		if err := m.executeInvokes(); err != nil {
+		if err := m.invokeAll(); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 
 	for _, invoke := range m.invokes {
-		if err := m.executeInvoke(invoke); err != nil {
+		if err := m.invoke(invoke); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -313,7 +312,7 @@ func (m *module) executeInvokes() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *module) executeInvoke(i invoke) (err error) {
+func (m *module) invoke(i invoke) (err error) {
 	fnName := fxreflect.FuncName(i.Target)
 	m.log.LogEvent(&fxevent.Invoking{
 		FunctionName: fnName,