FoodPinDemo

My exercises while reading the appcoda book.

Some notes

see commit history for details.

基本操作1

change cell style from basic to custom.
change table view row height from default(44) to 80
change cell row height to 80 (只要勾上custom会自动变成80)
drag an image view to the cell (14,10) 60*60
Add 3 labels: Name(Headline), Location(Light, 14, Dark Gray), Type(Light, 13)
Stackview the 3 labels, spacing: 0 -> 1
Stackview the image and above stackview, spacing: 0 -> 10, Alignment: Top
设置最外层的stack view 和cell边距的上左下右分别为2, 6, 1.5, 0这时stackview会填充整个cell, 但是图片被横向拉伸了
在outline中ctrl水平拖动image view到自身, 设置width和height为60

基本操作2

在outline的tableviewCell上点右键可以看到这个cell中定义的所有outlet
UIKit中所有View都自带CALayer, 这个layer对象可以控制view的背景色,边框, 透明度, 圆角

基本操作3

将image view在outline中拖动到cell之上
aspect fill + clip to bounds
cell中加两个Label: Field(Medium) + Value
stackview这两个label
见251页,给stackview设置constraints(spacing以及垂直居中)
这时会产生一个layout warning: 不能给两个label设置相同的hugging priority, 原因是我们只给stack view设置了constraints,而让stack view自动管理它所包含label的constraints, 结果是Field被拉伸了, Value大小保持正常. 这是因为Field和Value有相同的hugging priority:251, 只要把Field的priority设置的更高比如261, 那么Field就会保持自己的本来大小(intrinsic size), 而Value则被拉伸.

设置圆角:

cell.thumbnailImageView.layer.cornerRadius = 30.0
cell.thumbnailImageView.clipsToBounds = true

或者选中image view在identity inspector中新增一个runtime属性layer.cornerRadius值为Number:30 并在attributes inspector中勾选clip to bounds

美化tableview/表格线

// set table view bg color
tableView.backgroundColor = UIColor(white: 240.0/255, alpha: 0.2)
// remove empty rows
tableView.tableFooterView = UIView(frame: CGRect.zero)
//set separator color
tableView.separatorColor = UIColor(white: 240.0/255, alpha: 0.8)

美化nav bar

在didFinishLaunchingWithOptions设置nav bar的背景色

// nav bar bg color
UINavigationBar.appearance().barTintColor = UIColor(red: 216.0/255, green: 74.0/255, blue: 32.0/255, alpha: 1.0)

// nav bar button style(可以点击的)
UINavigationBar.appearance().tintColor = UIColor.white

// nav title style
if let barFont = UIFont(name: "Avenir-Light", size: 24.0) {

UINavigationBar.appearance().titleTextAttributes = [NSForegroundColorAttributeName: UIColor.white, NSFontAttributeName: barFont]
}

Navbar的背景色为UINavigationBar.appearance().barTintColor, 但是它还有一个backgroundColor属性,呃.

在segue.source这边viewDidLoad中重新定义后退按钮(不带文字)

navigationItem.backBarButtonItem = UIBarButtonItem(title: "", style: .plain, target: nil, action: nil)

在detail view的viewDidLoad中设置nav bar title

title = restaurant.name

美化status bar

修改status bar黑色文字为白色, 两种方式:

ViewController逐个修改, 覆盖preferredStatusBarStyle即可(.lightContent),我设置了但是不起作用, 参考这里的solution, 在 viewDidLoad加上navigationController?.navigationBar.barStyle = .blackTranslucent
全局修改

Info.plist设置View controller-based status bar appearance=NO
AppDelegate中UIApplication.shared.statusBarStyle = .lightContent

自适应大小的cell

将Value label的Lines从1改成0, 这样Label可以显示多行文字
tableView.estimatedHeight改成它的预计行高值(36/44), 以优化性能, 默认值是0
tableView.rowHeight = UITableViewAutomaticDimension, 从iOS10开始, 这已经是默认值
这时console会有个layout warning, 解决办法是给这个cell中包含的那个stack view设置top和bottom约束(之前已经给它设定了leading/trailing和center vertically的约束,但是对于自适应大小的cell来说还不够)

圆形button

title=blank, image=check, (type=system, tint=white设置按钮的颜色)
点pin按钮,设置top=8,right=8,width=28,height=28

全屏背景

drag a new view controller
drag image view onto it, resize to full screen
add missing constraints, 但是Xcode8.1上这个选项是灰的, 最后用了reset to suggested constraints

半屏窗口

container view: drag a view object onto the image view(x=53, y=40, 269*420)

右上角关闭按钮

Drag a button(top=-13, right=-12, 28*28), title=blank, image=cross
在前一屏中加入@IBAction func close(segue: UIStoryboardSegue) {}这句代码告诉Xcode这个viewController可以被unwind
Ctrl drag this close button to the exit button on this review scene, and select closeWithSegue:

让全屏背景模糊

在viewDidLoad中加入

let blurEffect = UIBlurEffect(style: .dark)
let blurEffectView = UIVisualEffectView(effect: blurEffect)
blurEffectView.frame = view.bounds
backgroundImageView.addSubview(blurEffectView)

就是给ImageView加上一个大小相同的subview, 上面代码中第三行view变量是所有UIViewController都有的, 表示这个ViewController管理的顶层view对象.

Container view大小变换(scaleX)

怎么将view的大小变成0? 大小值用CGAffineTransform表示

大小为0:CGAffineTransform(scaleX: 0, y: 0)
原始大小及位置:CGAffineTransform.indentiy
在viewDidLoad中将view的transform属性设置为0
在viewDIdAppear中将view的transform属性设置为原始值.

简单动画

UIView.animate(withDuration: 0.3, animations: {
self.containerView.transform = CGAffineTransform.identity
})

Spring动画(UIView.animate多加些参数)

UIView.animate(withDuration: 0.3, delay: 0.0, usingSpringWithDamping: 0.3, initialSpringVelocity: 0.2, options: .curveEaseOut, animations: {
self.containerView.transform = CGAffineTransform.identity
}, completion: nil)

组合变换scale + translate(viewDidLoad)

let scaleTransform = CGAffineTransform(scaleX: 0, y: 0)
let translateTransform = CGAffineTransform(translationX: 0, y: -1000)
let combineTransform = scaleTransform.concatenating(translateTransform)
containerView.transform = combineTransform

CGAffineTransform(translationX:y:)中的x, y都是相对于目标原始位置的偏移量, 并不是相对屏幕左上角.

3 more unwind segue(with identifier)

在detailViewController中加入@IBAction func ratingButtonTapped(segue: UIStoryboardSegue) {} 分别拖动review界面上的三个评价按钮到exit button, 全部选择ratingButtonTappedWithSegue:, 这样在outline中会多出三个unwind segue, 设定它们的identifier为great/good/dislike

@IBAction func ratingButtonTapped(segue: UIStoryboardSegue) {
if let rating = segue.identifier {
restaurant.isVisited = true

switch rating {
case "great": restaurant.rating = "love it."
// ...
default: break
}
}

tableView.reloadData()
}

Static Map

Switch ON map capability
Drag a map view onto the table view footer(height=135)
We want a static map, so untick all Allows(zooming, scrolling...)
That's all

Fullscreen map

Drag a new view controller
Drag a new map view, resize it to be full-screen, add missing constraints
Ctrl drag from detail view controller to this newly created controller, segue.identifier=showMap(为什么不从static map拖到map view controller, 这是因为table header和footer都没法点击, 只能通过代码来打开新的view controller

给static map绑定tap事件

在detail view的viewDidLoad中

let tapGestureRecognizer = UITapGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: #selector(showMap))
mapView.addGestureRecognizer(tapGestureRecognizer)

performSegue以编程的方式触发transition.

func showMap(){
performSegue(withIdentifier: "showMap", sender: self)
}

注意是UITapGestureRecognizer而非UIGestureRecognizer.

地址转coordinate

地址转coordinate: 你输入一个文本地址, 地图服务器通常会返回一堆相似的地址, 这堆文本地址叫placemarks

let geoCoder = CLGeocoder()
geoCoder.geocodeAddressString(restaurant.location, completionHandler: {
placemarks, error in
let coordinate = placemarks?[0].location?.coordinate
})

在static map上标记位置.

// 搜索地址
let geoCoder = CLGeocoder()
geoCoder.geocodeAddressString("湖北省鄂州高中", completionHandler: {
placemarks, error in
if error != nil { print(error!); return }
// 地址转坐标
if let coordinate = placemarks?[0].location?.coordinate {
// 在那个位置显示一个pin
let annotation = MKPointAnnotation()
annotation.coordinate = coordinate
self.mapView.addAnnotation(annotation)

// 以那个pin为中心显示多大的区域, 半径250米
let region = MKCoordinateRegionMakeWithDistance(coordinate, 250, 250)
self.mapView.setRegion(region, animated: true)
}

})

显示多个pin, 并选择一个弹出气泡提示

if let coordinate = placemarks?[0].location?.coordinate {
let annotation = MKPointAnnotation()
annotation.coordinate = coordinate
annotation.title = "湖北省鄂州高中"
annotation.subtitle = "滨湖南路特一号"
//self.mapView.addAnnotation(annotation)
self.mapView.showAnnotations([annotation], animated: true)
self.mapView.selectAnnotation(annotation, animated: true)
}

和上面的代码区别很小(并且这种情况下map会选择最优region)

NEW Form

5 cells, rowHeight=250,72,72,72,72
image view (64*64) center
text field(placeholder, no border, width = 339)
select labels + text fields, add missing constraints
YES/NO buttons, color=white, bgColor=red/gray
Embed in navigation controller

+ -> NEW Form

NEW Form为什么要套在nav controller中?(是为了在左上角加上Cancel按钮)
Ctrl drag + 号到nav controller, 类型为Present Modally, identifier=addRestaurant
HomeController中写上@IBAction func unwindToHomeScreen(segue: UIStoryboardSegue) {}
New Form左上弄个Cancel按钮, 并拖到Exit button上新增unwind segue

打开ImagePicker

因为image view是放在第一个cell中. 只要实现didSelectRowAt, 并且在其中present系统内置的UIImagePickerController

if indexPath.row == 0 {
if UIImagePickerController.isSourceTypeAvailable(.photoLibrary) {
let imagePicker = UIImagePickerController()
imagePicker.allowsEditing = false
imagePicker.sourceType = .photoLibrary

present(imagePicker, animated: true, completion: nil)
}
}

从iOS10开始, 需要在Info.plist中显示指定打开图库的理由, 以便得到用户允许.Privacy - Photo Library Usage Description=就是要看!

直接把.photoLibrary改成.camera可以拍照取图

ImagePicker回调

ImagePicker的delegate必须同时满足两个接口:UIImagePickerControllerDelegate, UINavigationControllerDelegate 在didSelectRow中present前imagePicker.delegate = self, 然后实现下面这个回调函数即可 UIImagePickerControllerDelegate.didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo

func imagePickerController(_ picker: UIImagePickerController, didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo info: [String : Any]) {
if let selectedImage = info[UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage] as? UIImage {
photoImageView.image = selectedImage
photoImageView.contentMode = .scaleAspectFill
photoImageView.clipsToBounds = true
}

dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
}

在didSelectRowAt中present, 在这个回调中dismiss(这个dismiss是关闭从当前view controller中打开的modal对话框,并不是关闭自身)

NSLayoutConstraint

A layout constraint defines a relationship between two user interface objects用公式表示: photoImageView.leading = superview.leading * 1 + 0 用代码实现这个公式.

let leading = NSLayoutConstraint(item: photoImageView, attribute: .leading, relatedBy: .equal, toItem: photoImageView.superview, attribute: .leading, multiplier: 1, constant: 0)
leading.isActive = true

关闭view controller两种办法

@IBAction func saveRestaurant() {
if checkForm() {
//dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
performSegue(withIdentifier: "unwindToHomeScreen", sender: self)

} else {

因为我想沿用Cancel按钮使用的unwind segue,在用第2种方法的时候碰到了找不到unwind segue identifier的问题, 参见SO解决: 虽然unwind segue的Action segue是根据你所定义的func名字生成的, 但是identifier还是需要自己指定.

CoreData Data Model

新建一个Data Model: FoodPinDemo.xcdatamodeld, Entity改名为Restaurant, Class改名为RestaurantMO(这个Managed Object类编译项目会自动生成, project中看不到)

RestaurantMO所有属性都变成了optional, 并且image(binary)的类型为NSData.

主要变化

UIImage(named: restaurant.image) -> UIImage(data: restaurant.image as! Data)
resturant.location -> restaurant.location!
restaurant.rating -> restaurant.rating ?? ""

之前的Restaurant.swift废掉, 可以删除.

CoreData CRUD

findAll, 在viewWillAppear中加入:

let appDelegate = UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate
let ctx = appDelegate.persistentContainer.viewContext
let request: NSFetchRequest<RestaurantMO> = RestaurantMO.fetchRequest()
let restaurants = try! ctx.fetch(request)

简单封装的工具类CD(save传的参数没有用到, 只是为了好看!):

class CD {

class var appDelegate: AppDelegate {
return UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate
}
class var ctx: NSManagedObjectContext {
return appDelegate.persistentContainer.viewContext
}

class func delete<T: NSManagedObject>(_ o: T) {
ctx.delete(o)
save(o)
}

class func save(_ _: NSManagedObject) {
appDelegate.saveContext()
}

class func image2Data(image: UIImage?) -> NSData? {
if let image = image {
if let imageData = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image) {
return NSData(data: imageData)
}
}

return nil
}

这个类间歇性的报ambiguous use of x 的错误, 但是程序能正常运行, 怀疑是Xcode8.1的bug.

增删改查:

// create (AddRestaurantController)
let restaurant = RestaurantMO(context: CD.ctx)
restaurant.name = name
restaurant.type = type
restaurant.image = CD.image2Data(image: photoImageView.image)
CD.save(restaurant)

// delete (editActionsForRowAt)
let restaurant = restaurants.remove(at: indexPath.row)
tableView.deleteRows(at: [indexPath], with: .fade)
CD.delete(restaurant)

// update (ratingButtonTapped)
restaurant.isVisited = true
CD.save(restaurant)

// find all (viewWillAppear)
let request: NSFetchRequest<RestaurantMO> = RestaurantMO.fetchRequest()
restaurants = try! CD.ctx.fetch(request)
tableView.reloadData()

待研究: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/37810967/how-to-apply-the-type-to-a-nsfetchrequest-instance

Search bar

以为是拖的, 没想到是在viewDidLoad中加两行代码

searchController = UISearchController(searchResultsController: nil)
tableView.tableHeaderView = searchController.searchBar

处理Search

按套路是用delegate实现,然而并没有使用UISearchControllerDelegate,用的是UISearchResultsUpdating, 在viewDidLoad中加入

searchController.searchResultsUpdater = self
searchController.dimsBackgroundDuringPresentation = false

第二句是让search结果弹出时, 背景模糊(因为我们没有用单独的view来显示查询结果, 没有背景层, 在此设为false)

处理search的回调函数: UISearchResultsUpdating.updateSearchResults(for:)

func updateSearchResults(for searchController: UISearchController) {
if let text = searchController.searchBar.text {
searchResults = restaurants.filter { restaurant -> Bool in
if let name = restaurant.name {
let isMatch = name.localizedCaseInsensitiveContains(text)
return isMatch
}

return false
}
tableView.reloadData()
}
}

在先前用到restaurants的地方依情况选用searchResults, 包含numberOfRowsInSection, cellForRowAtIndexPath, prepare(for:), 使用searchController.isActive判断当前是否处在search模式下.
在Search时禁用Delete/Share功能

override func tableView(_:canEditRowAt:) -> Bool {
if searchController.isActive {
return false
}
return true
}

美化search bar

viewDidLoad设置前景色(Cancel按钮), 背景色.

let searchBar = searchController.searchBar
searchBar.placeholder = "Search restaurants..."
searchBar.tintColor = UIColor.white
searchBar.barTintColor = UIColor(red: 218.0/255, green: 100.0/255, blue: 70.0/255, alpha: 1.0)
tableView.tableHeaderView = searchBar

发现search bar上面会出现很丑的边框, 参考了作者的代码,发现作者和书中写的不一样, 最终选的灰色searchBar.barTintColor = UIColor(white: 236.0/255, alpha: 1.0), 去掉边框的解决办法参考这里(未试)

UIPageViewController(幻灯片)

UIPageViewController(我喜欢叫它Page Container)是多个View的容器(类似Navigation Controller), 用来管理它所包含的多个子view, 但是由于子view的相似性, 我们只用拖一个View Controller做为模版(我叫它Single Page).

创建Page Container

拖一个page view controller
Transition style从Page Curl(翻书效果)改成Scroll
Storyboard ID: PageContainer
在list view的viewDidAppear中显示page container

func viewDidAppear() {
if let pageContainer = storyboard?.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "PageContainer") as? PageContainer {
present(pageContainer, animated: true, completion: nil)
}
}

在page container的viewDidLoad中加载第一个page
使用UIPageViewController.setViewControllers指定显示哪个page, 实现DataSource接口中的两个方法viewControllerBefore, viewControllerAfter设定向前和向后翻页时显示哪个page.

class PageContainer: UIPageViewController, UIPageViewControllerDataSource {

var pageHeadings = ["Personalize", "Locate", "Discover"]
var pageImages = ["foodpin-intro-1", "foodpin-intro-2", "foodpin-intro-3"]
var pageContent = ["content1","2","3"]

override func viewDidLoad() {
dataSource = self
if let startingPage = page(at: 0) {
setViewControllers([startingPage], direction: .forward, animated: true, completion: nil)
}
}

func pageViewController(_ pageViewController: UIPageViewController, viewControllerBefore viewController: UIViewController) -> UIViewController? {
var index = (viewController as! SinglePage).index
index -= 1

return page(at: index)
}

func pageViewController(_ pageViewController: UIPageViewController, viewControllerAfter
viewController: UIViewController) -> UIViewController? {
var index = (viewController as! SinglePage).index
index += 1

return page(at: index)

}

func page(at index: Int) -> SinglePage? {
if index < 0 || index >= pageHeadings.count {
return nil
}

if let page = storyboard?.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "SinglePage")  as? SinglePage{
page.imageFile = pageImages[index]
page.heading = pageHeadings[index]
page.content = pageContent[index]
page.index = index

return page
}

return nil
}

}

定义Single Page模版

Single Page是一个简单的View Controller,在Page Container的page(at)方法中动态的创建设置各个属性值并做为viewControllerBefore的返回值.

Drag a view controller, view bgcolor=#c0392b
Label("Personalize")=top, hCenter
Image View(300*232)=Aspect Ratio
Label("Pin your ...",align=center, lines=0)=w282 h64
Storyboard ID = SinglePage
Set custom class, bind IBOutlets

class SinglePage: UIViewController {
@IBOutlet weak var headingLabel: UILabel!
@IBOutlet weak var contentLabel: UILabel!
@IBOutlet weak var contentImageView: UIImageView!

var index = 0
var heading = ""
var imageFile = ""
var content = ""

override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()

headingLabel.text = heading
contentLabel.text = content
contentImageView.image = UIImage(named: imageFile)
}

}

幻灯片底部page indicator

在Page Container中实现UIPageViewControllerDataSource中的两个接口即可.

func presentationCount(for pageViewController: UIPageViewController) -> Int {
print("presentationCount: \(pageHeadings.count)")
return pageHeadings.count
}

func presentationIndex(for pageViewController: UIPageViewController) -> Int {
print("presentationIndex")

if let page = storyboard?.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "SinglePage")  as? SinglePage {
print("page index is: \(page.index)")
return page.index
}

print("no page found, return 0")
return 0
}

还不太理解两个方法的调用时机, 实测presentationIndex永远都是返回0, 感觉很诡异, 这两个方法造中出来indicator样式太丑,无视.

自定义的Page indicator

拖一个page control到single page底部
设置pages=3(默认值), add missing constraints, 设置outlet.
在single Page的viewDidLoad中pageControl.currentPage = index
That's all

幻灯片上的NEXT/DONE按钮

拖个button到最右下角(bottom=7, right=0), 设置outlet
在single page的viewDidLoad中动态修改按钮的文本

switch index {
case 0...1:
forwardButton.setTitle("NEXT", for: .normal)
case 2:
forwardButton.setTitle("DONE", for: .normal)
default:
break
}

给NEXT按钮绑定点击事件

@IBAction func buttonTapped(_ sender: UIButton) {
switch index {
case 0...1:
let pageContainer = parent as! PageContainer
pageContainer.forward(index: index)
case 2:
dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
default:
break
}
}

PageContainer增加翻页的方法(forward)

func forward(index: Int) {
if let nextPage = page(at: index + 1) {
setViewControllers([nextPage], direction: .forward, animated: true, completion: nil)
}
}

仅展示一次幻灯片(UserDefaults)

在DONE按钮的点击事件中,存个值到UserDefaults中: UserDefaults.standard.set(true, forKey: "hasViewedWalkthrough")

在列表页viewDidAppear中判断是否存过,存过直接返回: if UserDefaults.standard.bool(forKey: "hasViewedWalkthrough") {return}

Tab bar

把initial navigation controller直接embed in tab bar controller, 然后先前的initial nav controller的底部就会多出一个tab bar item, 点击它, 并设置System item: Favorites, 就这么简单!
在navigation controller内部非第1页的界面我们可以隐藏tab bar, 比如在detail view上要隐藏tab bar, 两种方式: 1)在IB中找到detail view勾选Hide Bottom Bar on Push; 2) 在列表页的prepare(for:)中加上segue.destination.hidesBottomBarWhenPushed = true

吐槽一下Xcode8.1: 在embed in tab bar以后, 好几个view报missing constraints的错误, 但是constraint一点问题都没有并且运行也正常.

创建新tab

拖一个navigation controller到storyboard(会自动带出一个table view controller)修改它的navigation item title为Discover
从Tab bar controller拖Ctrl Drag到新的nav controller选择Relationship Segue: view controllers
修改tab bar item的类型为Recents
如法炮制创建一个About tab.

美化Tab Bar

类似nav bar, 在didFinishLaunchingWithOptions中:

//前景色
UITabBar.appearance().tintColor = UIColor(red: 235.0/255, green: 75.0/255, blue: 27.0/255, alpha: 1.0)
//背景色
UITabBar.appearance().barTintColor = UIColor(red: 236.0/255, green: 240.0/255, blue: 241.0/255, alpha: 1.0)
//tab选中状态时的背景(默认无)
//UITabBar.appearance().selectionIndicatorImage = #imageLiteral(resourceName: "tabitem-selected")

改变tab item的文字和图片: Bar item设置title和image即可(此时System Item会自动变回Custom)

拆分Storyboard

正式的名称叫Storyboard References(Xcode7的新特性), 比较简单, 直接圈住从tab bar controller出发的指向discover nav controller的segue 顺流而下一直到 discover table view controller, 然后选择Editor > Refactor to storyboard... 取名为discover.storyboard, 如法炮制提取about.storyboard.

About page

打开about.storyboard

拖image view到table view header(cell的上面), height=190, Content Mode=aspect fit, image=about-logo
Cell的style设置为Basic
创建对应的AboutTableViewController(2 sections), 覆盖numberOfSections, numberOfRows, titleForHeaderInSection, cellForRowAt
隐藏table footer:tableView.tableFooterView=UIView(frame: CGRect.zero)

class AboutTableViewController: UITableViewController {
var sectionTitles = ["",""]
var sectionContent = [["",""],["","",""]]
var links = ["","",""]

override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()

tableView.tableFooterView = UIView(frame: CGRect.zero)
}

Open in Safari(Rate us)

didSelectRowAt中处理第1个Row的点击事件(用safari打开某个link)

func tableView(didSelectRowAt) {
switch (indexPath.section, indexPath.row) {
case (0,0):
if let url = URL(string: "http://www.apple.com/itunes/charts/paid-apps") {
UIApplication.shared.open(url)
}
default:
break
}
tableView.deselectRow(at: indexPath, animated: false)
}

WKWebView(iOS8及以上比UIWebView性能更好)

基本用法

let webView = WKWebVew()
webView.load(URLRequest(url: URL(string:"http://blabla"))
webView.load(URLRequest(url: URL(fileURLWithPath:"about.html")))

拖一个新的view controller(空的, 之前以为要添加一个全屏的web view, 事实上什么也不用加)
从About screen view controller Ctrl drag到这个新的View Controller(segue: Show, id: showWebView)
设置对应的UIViewController类.

import WebKit

class WebViewController: UIViewController {
var webView: WKWebView!

override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()

if let url = URL(string: "http://www.appcoda.com/contact") {
let request = URLRequest(url: url)
webView.load(request)
}
}

override func loadView() {
webView = WKWebView()
view = webView
}

}

其中loadView会在viewDidLoad之前被调用, 在这个方法中使用WKWebView替换掉View Controller自带的顶层view对象.

最后在About的didSelectRowAt, 在第2行点击的时候打开这个ViewController: performSegue(withIdentifier: "showWebView", sender: self)

从iOS9开始, Apple要求在后台只能打开HTTPS网站, 引入了 App Transport Security(简称ATS), 在这里我们想打开http网站, 在Info.plist中禁用ATS: ATS > Allow Arbitrary Loads = YES

SFSafariViewController

内嵌Safari浏览器, 不用画任何界面, 直接present, 用法

import SafariServices

let svc = SFSafariViewController(url: url/*, entersReaderIfAvailable: true*/)
present(svc)

在About view controller的didSelectRowAt加上case(1,_)

func tableView(didSelectRowAt) {
switch (indexPath.section, indexPath.row) {
// open url
case (0,0):
if let url = URL(string: "http://www.apple.com/itunes/charts/paid-apps") {
UIApplication.shared.open(url)
}

// WKWebView
case (0,1):
performSegue(withIdentifier: "showWebView", sender: self)

// Embed safari browser
case (1,_):
if let url = URL(string: links[indexPath.row]) {
let svc = SFSafariViewController(url: url)
present(svc, animated: true, completion: nil)
}
default:
break
}
tableView.deselectRow(at: indexPath, animated: false)
}

CloudKit

CloudKit需要开发者账号才能玩, $99 啊啊, 大出血.

在CloudKit中一个App对应一个Container, container中包含public, private, shared三种类型的DB, (shared是iOS10新增的类型), 所有安装了FoodPinDemo的用户都能访问public db(如果是写需要登录一次iCould), private只有用户自己能访问, shared只有group内的用户能访问(相当于QQ群), Db下分为Default Zone和Custom Zone, Zone下面是Record(一条条记录)

基本使用:

Mobile端: 在Capabilities中将CloudKit打开, services从Key-value storage改成CloudKit, Containers选择默认的Use default container (然后Xcode会自动到iCould上创建相应的container, 若有失败,可能是Bundle ID重复, 尝试换个Bundle ID)

服务端: 用Safari浏览器登录到apple dev center打开CloudKit Dashboard 在对应的Container中新建叫Restaurant的Record Type, 定义字段String(name,type,location,phone), Asset(image), 最后在Public Data - Default Zone中插入若干测试数据, 就能玩了..(CK中所有图片, 文件的类型都叫Asset), 然后可以使用傻瓜版的叫convenience API或高级版的叫operational API来抓或存数据. Convenience API没什么卵用, 即不能指定select也不能指定where.

使用convenience API从iCould取数据

var restaurants:[CKRecord] = []并且在viewDidLoad中封装如下fetchRecordsFromCloud()

// Fetch data using Convenience API
let cloudContainer = CKContainer.default()
let publicDatabase = cloudContainer.publicCloudDatabase
let predicate = NSPredicate(value: true)
let query = CKQuery(recordType: "Restaurant", predicate: predicate)
publicDatabase.perform(query, inZoneWith: nil, completionHandler: {
(results, error) -> Void in
if error != nil {return}
if let results = results {
print("Completed the download of Restaurant data")
self.restaurants = results
self.tableView.reloadData()
} 
})

修改cellForRow

override func tableView(cellForRowAt) {
let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCell(withIdentifier: "Cell", for:
indexPath)
// Configure the cell...
let restaurant = restaurants[indexPath.row]
cell.textLabel?.text = restaurant.object(forKey: "name") as? String
if let image = restaurant.object(forKey: "image") {
let imageAsset = image as! CKAsset
if let imageData = try? Data.init(contentsOf: imageAsset.fileURL) {
cell.imageView?.image = UIImage(data: imageData)
} 
}
return cell

CKRecord是key-value pair,. image是CKAsset类型. fileURL是CloudKit下载资源时的临时存储位置.publicDatabase.perform在抓数据是会新开一个后台线程, 在下载完成后reloadData()应该放在UI Thread中来完成, 因为OS会给bg thread很低的处理优先级, 即使数据下完了, tableView.reloadData()也不会立即执行, 解决办法见swift3 concurrency:

OperationQueue.main.addOperation {
self.tableView.reloadData()
}

使用operational API

fetchRecordsFromCloud

let cloudContainer = CKContainer.default()
let publicDatabase = cloudContainer.publicCloudDatabase
// predicate指定空的where语句
let predicate = NSPredicate(value: true)
let query = CKQuery(recordType: "Restaurant", predicate: predicate)
// sortDescriptors按创建时间倒序排
query.sortDescriptors = [NSSortDescriptor(key: "creationDate", ascending:
false)]
// Create the query operation with the query
let queryOperation = CKQueryOperation(query: query)
queryOperation.desiredKeys = ["name", "image"]
queryOperation.queuePriority = .veryHigh
queryOperation.resultsLimit = 50
queryOperation.recordFetchedBlock = { (record) -> Void in
self.restaurants.append(record)
}
queryOperation.queryCompletionBlock = { (cursor, error) -> Void in
if let error = error {
print("Failed to get data from iCloud - \
(error.localizedDescription)")
return
}
print("Successfully retrieve the data from iCloud")
OperationQueue.main.addOperation {
self.tableView.reloadData()
}
}
// Execute the query
publicDatabase.add(queryOperation)

desiredKeys指定select, resultsLimit指定limit, recordFetchedBlock是单条记录下载完成后的回调, queryCompletionBlock是所有记录下载完成后的回调.CKQueryCursor标记当前已经下载记录的位置(下次抓取时的起始位置), 可在分批下载数据时使用.

性能优化

分为real performance和perceived performance.

1. 压缩图片大小

tinypng.com

2. 使用`转圈圈`动画UIActivityIndicatorView

drag an Activity Indicator View object to the scene dock of the table view controller, 然后指定@IBOutlet
这样和直接拖到view controller上没什么区别, 把它扔到边边上然后在viewDidLoad中指定它的实际位置就行.

@IBOutlet var spinner: UIActivityIndicatorView!
// viewDidLoad
spinner.hidesWhenStopped = true
spinner.center = view.center
tableView.addSubview(spinner)
spinner.startAnimating()

在下载结束的回调函数中隐藏

OperationQueue.main.addOperation {
self.spinner.stopAnimating()
self.tableView.reloadData()
}

3. 延迟下载图片

查的时候只查name, 将queryOperation.desiredKeys = ["name", "image"]改成queryOperation.desiredKeys = ["name"], 并给cell一个默认的图片, 这样可以实现秒加载
在显示数据(cellForRowAt)的时候再去逐个下载图片

// Configure the cell...
let restaurant = restaurants[indexPath.row]
cell.textLabel?.text = restaurant.object(forKey: "name") as? String
// Set the default image
cell.imageView?.image = UIImage(named: "photoalbum")
// Fetch Image from Cloud in background
let publicDatabase = CKContainer.default().publicCloudDatabase
let fetchRecordsImageOperation = CKFetchRecordsOperation(recordIDs:
[restaurant.recordID])
fetchRecordsImageOperation.desiredKeys = ["image"]
fetchRecordsImageOperation.queuePriority = .veryHigh
fetchRecordsImageOperation.perRecordCompletionBlock = { (record, recordID,
error) -> Void in
if let error = error {
print("Failed to get restaurant image: \
(error.localizedDescription)")
return
}

if let restaurantRecord = record {
OperationQueue.main.addOperation() {
if let image = restaurantRecord.object(forKey: "image") {
let imageAsset = image as! CKAsset
if let imageData = try? Data.init(contentsOf:
imageAsset.fileURL) {
cell.imageView?.image = UIImage(data: imageData)
...


publicDatabase.add(fetchRecordsImageOperation)
return cell 
}

CKRecord中会自动包含recordID,用它来指定去下载哪条记录的image字段

4. 缓存图片NSCache

在滑动表格的时候, cellForRowAt会不断被调用, 先前下载的图片每次都要重新下载, 使用NSCache来解决.

var imageCache = NSCache<CKRecordID, NSURL>()

因为图片下载后会被CloudKit缓存到fileURL指定的位置, 我们只要在NSCache中存这个文件的位置就行.

if let image = restaurantRecord.object(forKey: "image") {
let imageAsset = image as! CKAsset
if let imageData = try? Data.init(contentsOf:imageAsset.fileURL) {
cell.imageView?.image = UIImage(data: imageData)
// Add the image URL to cache
self.imageCache.setObject(imageAsset.fileURL as NSURL,forKey: restaurant.recordID)

下拉刷新Pull to refresh

超级简单, 所有的tableViewController自带refreshControl属性,只要给它指定一个值即可.(viewDidLoad)

// Pull To Refresh Control
refreshControl = UIRefreshControl()
refreshControl?.backgroundColor = UIColor.white
refreshControl?.tintColor = UIColor.gray
refreshControl?.addTarget(self, action: #selector(fetchRecordsFromCloud), for:
UIControlEvents.valueChanged)

当下拉到一定程度的时候, ptr组件会触发UIControlEvent.valueChanged事件, 我们在上面的代码中监听这个事件, 指定回调函数就行(#selector是Xcode7.3/Swift2.2新增特性)

需要在刷新结束后隐藏ptr组件.

OperationQueue.main.addOperation {
self.spinner.stopAnimating()
self.tableView.reloadData()
if let refreshControl = self.refreshControl {
if refreshControl.isRefreshing {
refreshControl.endRefreshing()
}
}
}

在开始刷新数据前先清空旧数据.

func fetchRecordsFromCloud() {
// fix ptr bug
restaurants.removeAll()
tableView.reloadData()

向iCloud写数据

在添加界面除了用CoreData向本地写数据外, 同时往iCloud上的public db上写一份(共享给他人) saveRecordToCloud(restaurant), 放在dismiss(animated:completion:)之前

import CloudKit 

func saveRecordToCloud(restaurant:RestaurantMO!) -> Void {
// Prepare the record to save
let record = CKRecord(recordType: "Restaurant")
record.setValue(restaurant.name, forKey: "name")
record.setValue(restaurant.type, forKey: "type")
record.setValue(restaurant.location, forKey: "location")
record.setValue(restaurant.phone, forKey: "phone")
let imageData = restaurant.image as! Data
// Resize the image
let originalImage = UIImage(data: imageData)!
let scalingFactor = (originalImage.size.width > 1024) ? 1024 /
originalImage.size.width : 1.0
let scaledImage = UIImage(data: imageData, scale: scalingFactor)!
// Write the image to local file for temporary use
let imageFilePath = NSTemporaryDirectory() + restaurant.name!
let imageFileURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: imageFilePath)
try? UIImageJPEGRepresentation(scaledImage, 0.8)?.write(to: imageFileURL)
// Create image asset for upload
let imageAsset = CKAsset(fileURL: imageFileURL)
record.setValue(imageAsset, forKey: "image")
// Get the Public iCloud Database
let publicDatabase = CKContainer.default().publicCloudDatabase
// Save the record to iCloud
publicDatabase.save(record, completionHandler: { (record, error) -> Void in
// Remove temp file
try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: imageFileURL)
})

对图片的处理稍显复杂: 先用UIImage对宽度超过1024的图片进行resize, 再用UIImageJPEGRepresentation将图片压缩并写入到临时文件夹NSTemporaryDirectory(), 然后再根据图片的地址构建CKAsset, 在save的回调函数中删除临时文件

Keywords

取选中行的行号: tableView.indexPathForSelectedRow
editActionsForRowAt
UITableViewRowAction
UIActivityViewController
prepare(for:sender:)
segue.destination/segue.identifier
UINavigationBar.appearance().barTintColor
UIApplication.shared.statusBarStyle
Dynamic Type - use a text style instead of a fixed font type.
CLGeocoder.geocodeAddressString
mapView.addAnnotation(MKPointAnnotation)
UIImagePickerController
NSLayoutConstraint(..).isActive
UIApplication.shared.delegate
NSData(data: UIImagePNGRepresentation(image))
UISearchResultsUpdating
String.localizedCaseInsensitiveContains
viewDidAppear: present(storyboard?.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "PageContainer") as? PageContainer)
PageContainer.setViewControllers([startingPage])
UIPageViewControllerDataSource.viewControllerBefore
storyboard?.instantiateViewController(withIdentifier: "SinglePage") as? SinglePage
PageControl.currentPage = index
SinglePage中let pageContainer = parent as! PageContainer
UserDefaults.standard
UITabBar.appearance().tintColor
Refactor to storyboard...
UIApplication.shared.open(URL(string:))
WKWebView().load(URLRequest(url: URL(fileURLWithPath:"about.html")))
present(SFSafariViewController(url:))

Omitted

Swipe to hide
MapKit: show image on callout bubble
NSFetchedResultsController
P393 Search bar延伸阅读

Xcode tricks

How to switch between storyboard and swift file

View > Show Tab Bar, create a new tab, for one tab, you can open storyboard, for the other, you can open the swift file, then you can use shift+cmd+] to switch between interface builder and source code file.

Interface builder: Zoom to fit
Can directly drag image from Finder to Simulator

Files

README.md

Latest commit

History