diff --git a/tests/commands/put_bucket_acl.sh b/tests/commands/put_bucket_acl.sh
index d26ecbf8..fa3ff2aa 100644
--- a/tests/commands/put_bucket_acl.sh
+++ b/tests/commands/put_bucket_acl.sh
@@ -58,22 +58,15 @@ reset_bucket_acl() {
     return 1
   fi
   # shellcheck disable=SC2154
-  cat <<EOF > "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/$acl_file"
-{
-  "Grants": [
-    {
-      "Grantee": {
-        "ID": "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID",
-        "Type": "CanonicalUser"
-      },
-      "Permission": "FULL_CONTROL"
-    }
-  ],
-  "Owner": {
-    "ID": "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"
-  }
-}
-EOF
+  if [ "$DIRECT" != "true" ]; then
+    if ! setup_acl_json "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/$acl_file" "ID" "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID" "FULL_CONTROL" "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"; then
+      log 2 "error resetting versitygw ACL"
+      return 1
+    fi
+  elif ! setup_acl_json "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/$acl_file" "ID" "$AWS_CANONICAL_ID" "FULL_CONTROL" "$AWS_CANONICAL_ID"; then
+    log 2 "error resetting direct ACL"
+    return 1
+  fi
   if ! put_bucket_acl_s3api "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME" "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/$acl_file"; then
     log 2 "error putting bucket acl (s3api)"
     return 1
diff --git a/tests/env.sh b/tests/env.sh
index df378b44..03f9fa2f 100644
--- a/tests/env.sh
+++ b/tests/env.sh
@@ -123,6 +123,14 @@ check_universal_vars() {
     log 1 "RECREATE_BUCKETS must be 'true' or 'false'"
     exit 1
   fi
+  if [ "$RECREATE_BUCKETS" != "true" ] && [ "$RECREATE_BUCKETS" != "false" ]; then
+    log 1 "RECREATE_BUCKETS must be 'true' or 'false'"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if [ "$RECREATE_BUCKETS" == "false" ] && [ "$DELETE_BUCKETS_AFTER_TEST" == "true" ]; then
+    log 1 "cannot set DELETE_BUCKETS_AFTER_TEST to 'true' if RECREATE_BUCKETS is 'false'"
+    return 1
+  fi
   if [ -z "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER" ]; then
     log 1 "TEST_FILE_FOLDER missing"
     exit 1
@@ -135,6 +143,10 @@ check_universal_vars() {
   fi
   # exporting these since they're needed for subshells
   export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY AWS_REGION AWS_PROFILE AWS_ENDPOINT_URL
+  if [ -n "$AWS_CANONICAL_ID" ]; then
+    log 5 "canonical ID: $AWS_CANONICAL_ID"
+    export AWS_CANONICAL_ID
+  fi
 }
 
 delete_command_log() {
diff --git a/tests/rest_scripts/get_object.sh b/tests/rest_scripts/get_object.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..8ce678ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rest_scripts/get_object.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Copyright 2024 Versity Software
+# This file is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http:#www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+source ./tests/rest_scripts/rest.sh
+
+# Fields
+
+# shellcheck disable=SC2153
+bucket_name="$BUCKET_NAME"
+# shellcheck disable=SC2154
+key="$OBJECT_KEY"
+
+current_date_time=$(date -u +"%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ")
+
+#x-amz-object-attributes:ETag
+canonical_request="GET
+/$bucket_name/$key
+
+host:$host
+x-amz-content-sha256:UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD
+x-amz-date:$current_date_time
+
+host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date
+UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD"
+
+create_canonical_hash_sts_and_signature
+
+curl_command+=(curl -ks -w "\"%{http_code}\"" "$AWS_ENDPOINT_URL/$bucket_name/$key"
+-H "\"Authorization: AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=$aws_access_key_id/$year_month_day/$aws_region/s3/aws4_request,SignedHeaders=host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date,Signature=$signature\""
+-H "\"x-amz-content-sha256: UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD\""
+-H "\"x-amz-date: $current_date_time\""
+-o "$OUTPUT_FILE")
+# shellcheck disable=SC2154
+eval "${curl_command[*]}" 2>&1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/rest_scripts/list_objects.sh b/tests/rest_scripts/list_objects.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d39743e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rest_scripts/list_objects.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Copyright 2024 Versity Software
+# This file is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http:#www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+source ./tests/rest_scripts/rest.sh
+
+# Fields
+
+# shellcheck disable=SC2153
+bucket_name="$BUCKET_NAME"
+
+current_date_time=$(date -u +"%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ")
+
+#x-amz-object-attributes:ETag
+canonical_request="GET
+/$bucket_name
+
+host:$host
+x-amz-content-sha256:UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD
+x-amz-date:$current_date_time
+
+host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date
+UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD"
+
+create_canonical_hash_sts_and_signature
+
+curl_command+=(curl -ks -w "\"%{http_code}\"" "$AWS_ENDPOINT_URL/$bucket_name"
+-H "\"Authorization: AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=$aws_access_key_id/$year_month_day/$aws_region/s3/aws4_request,SignedHeaders=host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date,Signature=$signature\""
+-H "\"x-amz-content-sha256: UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD\""
+-H "\"x-amz-date: $current_date_time\""
+-o "$OUTPUT_FILE")
+# shellcheck disable=SC2154
+eval "${curl_command[*]}" 2>&1
diff --git a/tests/rest_scripts/put_bucket_acl.sh b/tests/rest_scripts/put_bucket_acl.sh
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..112ba9bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rest_scripts/put_bucket_acl.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Copyright 2024 Versity Software
+# This file is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http:#www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+source ./tests/rest_scripts/rest.sh
+
+# Fields
+
+# shellcheck disable=SC2153
+bucket_name="$BUCKET_NAME"
+# shellcheck disable=SC2153
+acl_file="$ACL_FILE"
+
+payload="$(cat "$acl_file")"
+
+payload_hash="$(echo -n "$payload" | sha256sum | awk '{print $1}')"
+current_date_time=$(date -u +"%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ")
+
+canonical_request="PUT
+/$bucket_name
+acl=
+host:$host
+x-amz-content-sha256:$payload_hash
+x-amz-date:$current_date_time
+
+host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date
+$payload_hash"
+
+create_canonical_hash_sts_and_signature
+
+curl_command+=(curl -ks -w "\"%{http_code}\"" -X PUT "$AWS_ENDPOINT_URL/$bucket_name?acl="
+-H "\"Authorization: AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=$aws_access_key_id/$year_month_day/$aws_region/s3/aws4_request,SignedHeaders=host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date,Signature=$signature\""
+-H "\"x-amz-content-sha256: $payload_hash\""
+-H "\"x-amz-date: $current_date_time\""
+-d "\"${payload//\"/\\\"}\""
+-o "$OUTPUT_FILE")
+
+# shellcheck disable=SC2154
+eval "${curl_command[*]}" 2>&1
diff --git a/tests/test_common_acl.sh b/tests/test_common_acl.sh
index cb5ea145..8af4697b 100644
--- a/tests/test_common_acl.sh
+++ b/tests/test_common_acl.sh
@@ -52,8 +52,7 @@ test_common_put_bucket_acl() {
   run put_bucket_ownership_controls "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME" "BucketOwnerPreferred"
   assert_success
 
-  username=$USERNAME_ONE
-  run setup_user "$username" "HIJKLMN" "user"
+  run setup_user "$USERNAME_ONE" "$PASSWORD_ONE" "user"
   assert_success
 
   run get_check_acl_id "$1" "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME"
@@ -64,24 +63,14 @@ test_common_put_bucket_acl() {
   assert_success
 
   if [[ $DIRECT == "true" ]]; then
-    grantee="{\"Type\": \"Group\", \"URI\": \"http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/global/AllUsers\"}"
+    grantee_type="Group"
+    grantee_id="http://acs.amazonaws.com/groups/global/AllUsers"
   else
-    grantee="{\"ID\": \"$username\", \"Type\": \"CanonicalUser\"}"
+    grantee_type="ID"
+    grantee_id="$USERNAME_ONE"
   fi
-
-cat <<EOF > "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER"/"$acl_file"
-  {
-    "Grants": [
-      {
-        "Grantee": $grantee,
-        "Permission": "READ"
-      }
-    ],
-    "Owner": {
-      "ID": "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"
-    }
-  }
-EOF
+  run setup_acl_json "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/$acl_file" "$grantee_type" "$grantee_id" "READ" "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"
+  assert_success
 
   run put_bucket_acl_s3api "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME" "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER"/"$acl_file"
   assert_success
@@ -89,22 +78,8 @@ EOF
   run get_check_acl_after_first_put "$1" "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME"
   assert_success
 
-cat <<EOF > "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER"/"$acl_file"
-  {
-    "Grants": [
-      {
-        "Grantee": {
-          "ID": "$username",
-          "Type": "CanonicalUser"
-        },
-        "Permission": "FULL_CONTROL"
-      }
-    ],
-    "Owner": {
-      "ID": "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"
-    }
-  }
-EOF
+  run setup_acl_json "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/$acl_file" "ID" "$USERNAME_ONE" "FULL_CONTROL" "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"
+  assert_success
 
   run put_bucket_acl_s3api "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME" "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER"/"$acl_file"
   assert_success
diff --git a/tests/test_rest.sh b/tests/test_rest.sh
index 0c312e38..76403393 100755
--- a/tests/test_rest.sh
+++ b/tests/test_rest.sh
@@ -452,4 +452,42 @@ export RUN_USERS=true
 
   run get_and_check_acl_rest "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME"
   assert_success
+}
+
+@test "REST - put ACL" {
+  run setup_bucket "s3api" "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME"
+  assert_success
+
+  test_file="test_file"
+  run create_test_files "$test_file"
+  assert_success
+
+  run put_bucket_ownership_controls "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME" "BucketOwnerPreferred"
+  assert_success
+
+  run put_object "s3api" "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/$test_file" "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME" "$test_file"
+  assert_success
+
+  run create_versitygw_acl_user_or_get_direct_user "$USERNAME_ONE" "$PASSWORD_ONE"
+  assert_success
+  canonical_id=${lines[0]}
+  user_canonical_id=${lines[1]}
+  username=${lines[2]}
+  password=${lines[3]}
+
+  run setup_acl "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/acl-file.txt" "$user_canonical_id" "READ" "$canonical_id"
+  assert_success
+
+  run list_objects_with_user_rest_verify_access_denied "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME" "$username" "$password"
+  assert_success
+
+  run put_acl_rest "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME" "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/acl-file.txt"
+  assert_success
+
+  if [ "$DIRECT" == "true" ]; then
+    sleep 5
+  fi
+
+  run list_objects_with_user_rest_verify_success "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME" "$username" "$password" "$test_file"
+  assert_success
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/test_s3api_policy_object.sh b/tests/test_s3api_policy_object.sh
index eebd7cec..84120297 100644
--- a/tests/test_s3api_policy_object.sh
+++ b/tests/test_s3api_policy_object.sh
@@ -323,15 +323,10 @@ test_s3api_policy_put_wildcard() {
   username=${lines[0]}
   password=${lines[1]}
 
-  effect="Allow"
-  principal="$username"
-  action="s3:PutObject"
-  resource="arn:aws:s3:::$BUCKET_ONE_NAME/$test_folder/*"
-
   run setup_bucket "s3api" "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME"
   assert_success
 
-  run setup_policy_with_single_statement "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/$policy_file" "dummy" "$effect" "$principal" "$action" "$resource"
+  run setup_policy_with_single_statement "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/$policy_file" "dummy" "Allow" "$username" "s3:PutObject" "arn:aws:s3:::$BUCKET_ONE_NAME/$test_folder/*"
   assert_success
 
   run put_bucket_policy "s3api" "$BUCKET_ONE_NAME" "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/$policy_file"
diff --git a/tests/util/util_acl.sh b/tests/util/util_acl.sh
index 40090572..bcc72c47 100644
--- a/tests/util/util_acl.sh
+++ b/tests/util/util_acl.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,21 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
+# Copyright 2024 Versity Software
+# This file is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http:#www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+source ./tests/util/util_users.sh
+
 get_check_default_acl_s3cmd() {
   if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
     log 2 "'get_check_acl_s3cmd' requires bucket name"
@@ -243,3 +259,92 @@ get_and_check_acl_rest() {
   fi
   return 0
 }
+
+setup_acl() {
+  if [ $# -ne 4 ]; then
+    log 2 "'setup_acl' requires acl file, grantee, permission, owner ID"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  cat <<EOF > "$1"
+<AccessControlPolicy xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">
+  <Owner>
+      <ID>$4</ID>
+  </Owner>
+  <AccessControlList>
+      <Grant>
+          <Grantee xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="CanonicalUser">
+              <ID>$2</ID>
+          </Grantee>
+          <Permission>$3</Permission>
+      </Grant>
+  </AccessControlList>
+</AccessControlPolicy>
+EOF
+}
+
+setup_acl_json() {
+  if [ $# -ne 5 ]; then
+    log 2 "'setup_acl_json' requires acl file, grantee type, grantee ID, permission, owner ID"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  cat <<EOF > "$1"
+{
+  "Grants": [
+    {
+      "Grantee": {
+        "Type": "$2",
+        "ID": "$3"
+      },
+      "Permission": "$4"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Owner": {
+    "ID": "$5"
+  }
+}
+EOF
+}
+
+create_versitygw_acl_user_or_get_direct_user() {
+  if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
+    log 2 "'create_versitygw_acl_user_or_get_direct_user' requires username, password"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [ "$DIRECT" == "true" ]; then
+    if [ -z "$AWS_CANONICAL_ID" ] || [ -z "$ACL_AWS_CANONICAL_ID" ] || [ -z "$ACL_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID" ] || [ -z "$ACL_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY" ]; then
+      log 2 "direct ACL calls require the following env vars: ACL_CANONICAL_ID, ACL_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, ACL_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
+      return 1
+    fi
+    echo "$AWS_CANONICAL_ID"
+    echo "$ACL_AWS_CANONICAL_ID"
+    echo "$ACL_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"
+    echo "$ACL_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
+  else
+    echo "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"
+    if ! create_user_versitygw "$1" "$2" "user"; then
+      log 2 "error creating versitygw user"
+      return 1
+    fi
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2154
+    echo "$1"
+    echo "$1"
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2154
+    echo "$2"
+  fi
+}
+
+put_acl_rest() {
+  if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
+    log 2 "'put_acl_rest' requires bucket name, ACL file"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if ! result=$(COMMAND_LOG="$COMMAND_LOG" BUCKET_NAME="$1" ACL_FILE="$2" OUTPUT_FILE="$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/response.txt" ./tests/rest_scripts/put_bucket_acl.sh); then
+    log 2 "error attempting to put bucket acl: $result"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [ "$result" != "200" ]; then
+    log 5 "response returned code: $result (error: $(cat "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/response.txt")"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
diff --git a/tests/util/util_bucket.sh b/tests/util/util_bucket.sh
index c183dbf9..efbc8ed7 100644
--- a/tests/util/util_bucket.sh
+++ b/tests/util/util_bucket.sh
@@ -74,23 +74,21 @@ clear_bucket_s3api() {
     return 1
   fi
 
-  #run check_ownership_rule_and_reset_acl "$1"
-  #assert_success "error checking ownership rule and resetting acl"
+  if ! check_ownership_rule_and_reset_acl "$1"; then
+    log 2 "error checking ownership rule and resetting acl"
+    return 1
+  fi
 
   # shellcheck disable=SC2154
   if [[ $lock_config_exists == true ]] && ! put_object_lock_configuration_disabled "$1"; then
     log 2 "error disabling object lock config"
     return 1
   fi
-  #if ! put_bucket_versioning "s3api" "$1" "Suspended"; then
-  #  log 2 "error suspending bucket versioning"
-  #  return 1
-  #fi
 
-  #if ! change_bucket_owner "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID" "$AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY" "$1" "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"; then
-  #  log 2 "error changing bucket owner back to root"
-  #  return 1
-  #fi
+  if [ "$RUN_USERS" == "true" ] && ! change_bucket_owner "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID" "$AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY" "$1" "$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"; then
+    log 2 "error changing bucket owner back to root"
+    return 1
+  fi
 }
 
 # params:  bucket name
@@ -219,6 +217,10 @@ bucket_cleanup_if_bucket_exists() {
   fi
 
   if bucket_exists "$1" "$2"; then
+    if [ "$DELETE_BUCKETS_AFTER_TEST" == "false" ]; then
+      log 2 "skipping bucket cleanup/deletion"
+      return 0
+    fi
     if ! bucket_cleanup "$1" "$2"; then
       log 2 "error deleting bucket and/or contents"
       return 1
diff --git a/tests/util/util_list_objects.sh b/tests/util/util_list_objects.sh
index eeed367f..08cb7b05 100644
--- a/tests/util/util_list_objects.sh
+++ b/tests/util/util_list_objects.sh
@@ -198,3 +198,48 @@ check_object_listing_with_prefixes() {
   fi
   return 0
 }
+
+list_objects_with_user_rest_verify_access_denied() {
+  if [ $# -ne 3 ]; then
+    log 2 "list_objects_with_user_rest_verify_access_denied' requires bucket, username, password"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if ! result=$(AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="$2" AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="$3" COMMAND_LOG="$COMMAND_LOG" BUCKET_NAME="$1" OUTPUT_FILE="$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/objects.txt" ./tests/rest_scripts/list_objects.sh); then
+    log 2 "error attempting to list objects: $result"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [ "$result" != "403" ]; then
+    log 2 "expected response code of '403', was '$result'"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  error_message="$(cat "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/objects.txt")"
+  if [[ "$error_message" != *"Access Denied"* ]]; then
+    log 2 "unexpected error message: $error_message"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
+
+list_objects_with_user_rest_verify_success() {
+  if [ $# -ne 4 ]; then
+    log 2 "list_objects_with_user_rest_verify_access_denied' requires bucket, username, password, expected object"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if ! result=$(AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="$2" AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="$3" COMMAND_LOG="$COMMAND_LOG" BUCKET_NAME="$1" OUTPUT_FILE="$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/objects.txt" ./tests/rest_scripts/list_objects.sh); then
+    log 2 "error attempting to list objects: $result"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [ "$result" != "200" ]; then
+    log 2 "expected response code of '200', was '$result' (error: $(cat "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/objects.txt"))"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if ! key=$(xmllint --xpath '//*[local-name()="Key"]/text()' "$TEST_FILE_FOLDER/objects.txt" 2>&1); then
+    log 2 "error getting object key: $key"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [ "$key" != "$4" ]; then
+    log 2 "expected '$4', was '$key'"
+    return 1
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
\ No newline at end of file