diff --git a/packages/vite/src/client/client.ts b/packages/vite/src/client/client.ts
index 1fc8c2b522fdb3..99ad3d09f56740 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/client/client.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/client/client.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,13 @@ import {
   normalizeModuleRunnerTransport,
 } from '../shared/moduleRunnerTransport'
 import { createHMRHandler } from '../shared/hmrHandler'
-import { ErrorOverlay, cspNonce, overlayId } from './overlay'
+import type { RuntimeErrorsToast } from './overlay'
+import {
+  ErrorOverlay,
+  cspNonce,
+  overlayId,
+  runtimeErrorsToastId,
+} from './overlay'
 import '@vite/env'
 
 // injected by the hmr plugin when served
@@ -19,6 +25,7 @@ declare const __HMR_DIRECT_TARGET__: string
 declare const __HMR_BASE__: string
 declare const __HMR_TIMEOUT__: number
 declare const __HMR_ENABLE_OVERLAY__: boolean
+declare const __HMR_RUNTIME_ERRORS__: boolean | ((err: ErrorEvent) => unknown)
 declare const __WS_TOKEN__: string
 
 console.debug('[vite] connecting...')
@@ -37,7 +44,10 @@ const directSocketHost = __HMR_DIRECT_TARGET__
 const base = __BASE__ || '/'
 const hmrTimeout = __HMR_TIMEOUT__
 const wsToken = __WS_TOKEN__
+const runtimeErrors = __HMR_RUNTIME_ERRORS__
+const enableOverlay = __HMR_ENABLE_OVERLAY__
 
+const runtimeErrorList: Error[] = []
 const transport = normalizeModuleRunnerTransport(
   (() => {
     let wsTransport = createWebSocketModuleRunnerTransport({
@@ -109,6 +119,14 @@ if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
   window.addEventListener?.('beforeunload', () => {
     willUnload = true
   })
+
+  if (enableOverlay && runtimeErrors) {
+    if (typeof runtimeErrors === 'function') {
+      window.addEventListener?.('error', runtimeErrors)
+    } else {
+      window.addEventListener?.('error', handlerRuntimeError)
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 function cleanUrl(pathname: string): string {
@@ -303,15 +321,19 @@ async function handleMessage(payload: HotPayload) {
   }
 }
 
-const enableOverlay = __HMR_ENABLE_OVERLAY__
 const hasDocument = 'document' in globalThis
 
-function createErrorOverlay(err: ErrorPayload['err']) {
+function createErrorOverlay(
+  err: ErrorPayload['err'] | Error,
+  runtimeErrors: boolean = false,
+) {
   clearErrorOverlay()
   const { customElements } = globalThis
   if (customElements) {
     const ErrorOverlayConstructor = customElements.get(overlayId)!
-    document.body.appendChild(new ErrorOverlayConstructor(err))
+    document.body.appendChild(
+      new ErrorOverlayConstructor(err, true, runtimeErrors),
+    )
   }
 }
 
@@ -323,6 +345,56 @@ function hasErrorOverlay() {
   return document.querySelectorAll(overlayId).length
 }
 
+function createRuntimeToast(errs: Error[], toggleDetail: () => void) {
+  clearRuntimeToast()
+  const { customElements } = globalThis
+  if (customElements) {
+    const RuntimeErrorsToastConstructor =
+      customElements.get(runtimeErrorsToastId)!
+    document.body.appendChild(
+      new RuntimeErrorsToastConstructor(errs, toggleDetail),
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+function clearRuntimeToast() {
+  document
+    .querySelectorAll<RuntimeErrorsToast>(runtimeErrorsToastId)
+    .forEach((n) => n.close())
+}
+
+function hasRuntimeToast() {
+  return document.querySelectorAll(runtimeErrorsToastId).length
+}
+
+function updateRuntimeToast() {
+  const toast = document.querySelector<RuntimeErrorsToast>(runtimeErrorsToastId)
+  if (toast) {
+    if (runtimeErrorList.length === 0) {
+      toast.close()
+    } else {
+      toast.updateErrorList(runtimeErrorList)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function handlerRuntimeError(err: ErrorEvent) {
+  const { error, message } = err
+  const errorObject =
+    error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(error || message, { cause: err })
+  runtimeErrorList.push(errorObject)
+  if (hasRuntimeToast()) {
+    const toast =
+      document.querySelector<RuntimeErrorsToast>(runtimeErrorsToastId)!
+    toast.updateErrorList(runtimeErrorList)
+    return
+  }
+  createRuntimeToast(runtimeErrorList, () => {
+    createErrorOverlay(runtimeErrorList.shift()!, true)
+    updateRuntimeToast()
+  })
+}
+
 function waitForSuccessfulPing(socketUrl: string) {
   if (typeof SharedWorker === 'undefined') {
     const visibilityManager: VisibilityManager = {
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/client/overlay.ts b/packages/vite/src/client/overlay.ts
index 67f22594cf8f1d..a978596c15f719 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/client/overlay.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/client/overlay.ts
@@ -170,9 +170,53 @@ kbd {
   border-image: initial;
 }
 `
+const ToastTemplateStyle = `
+:host {
+  position: fixed;
+  right: 20px;
+  bottom: 20px;
+  z-index: 99999;
+  --monospace: 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas,
+  'Liberation Mono', Menlo, Courier, monospace;
+  --toast-red: #fc0606;
+  --toast-yellow: #e2aa53;
+  --toast-purple: #cfa4ff;
+  --toast-cyan: #2dd9da;
+  --toast-dim: #c9c9c9;
+
+  --window-background: #181818;
+  --window-color: #d8d8d8;
+}
+.runtime-toast {
+  padding: 10px 20px;
+  background: var(--toast-red);
+  color: #fff;
+  border-radius: 20px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.error-info {
+  font-family: var(--monospace);
+  font-size: 14px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+.close-icon {
+  margin-left: 10px;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  width: 20px;
+  height: 20px;
+  justify-content: center;
+  align-items: center;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+}
+.close-icon:hover {
+  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
+}
+`
 
 // Error Template
-const createTemplate = () =>
+const createTemplate = (runtimeErrors: boolean) =>
   h(
     'div',
     { class: 'backdrop', part: 'backdrop' },
@@ -204,7 +248,30 @@ const createTemplate = () =>
         '.',
       ),
     ),
-    h('style', { nonce: cspNonce }, templateStyle),
+    h(
+      'style',
+      { nonce: cspNonce },
+      runtimeErrors
+        ? templateStyle.replace(
+            'border-top: 8px solid var(--red);',
+            'border-top: 8px solid var(--yellow);',
+          )
+        : templateStyle,
+    ),
+  )
+
+// Runtime Errors Template
+export const createRuntimeToastTemplate = (): HTMLElement =>
+  h(
+    'div',
+    { class: 'runtime-toast', part: 'runtime-toast' },
+    h(
+      'div',
+      { class: 'error-info', part: 'error-info' },
+      h('span', { class: 'issue-text', part: 'issue-text' }),
+      h('span', { class: 'close-icon', part: 'close-icon' }, '✕'),
+    ),
+    h('style', { nonce: cspNonce }, ToastTemplateStyle),
   )
 
 const fileRE = /(?:file:\/\/)?(?:[a-zA-Z]:\\|\/).*?:\d+:\d+/g
@@ -217,10 +284,10 @@ export class ErrorOverlay extends HTMLElement {
   root: ShadowRoot
   closeOnEsc: (e: KeyboardEvent) => void
 
-  constructor(err: ErrorPayload['err'], links = true) {
+  constructor(err: ErrorPayload['err'], links = true, runtimeError = false) {
     super()
     this.root = this.attachShadow({ mode: 'open' })
-    this.root.appendChild(createTemplate())
+    this.root.appendChild(createTemplate(runtimeError))
 
     codeframeRE.lastIndex = 0
     const hasFrame = err.frame && codeframeRE.test(err.frame)
@@ -299,7 +366,41 @@ export class ErrorOverlay extends HTMLElement {
 }
 
 export const overlayId = 'vite-error-overlay'
+
+export class RuntimeErrorsToast extends HTMLElement {
+  root: ShadowRoot
+
+  constructor(errs: Error[], toggleDetail: () => void) {
+    super()
+    this.root = this.attachShadow({ mode: 'open' })
+    this.root.appendChild(createRuntimeToastTemplate())
+    const toast = this.root.querySelector('.runtime-toast')!
+    toast.addEventListener('click', toggleDetail)
+
+    const issueText = this.root.querySelector('.issue-text')!
+    issueText.textContent = `${errs.length} Issue${errs.length > 1 ? 's' : ''}`
+
+    const closeIcon = this.root.querySelector('.close-icon')!
+    closeIcon.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
+      e.stopPropagation()
+      this.close()
+    })
+  }
+  updateErrorList(errs: Error[]): void {
+    const issueText = this.root.querySelector('.issue-text')!
+    issueText.textContent = `${errs.length} Issue${errs.length > 1 ? 's' : ''}`
+  }
+  close(): void {
+    this.parentNode?.removeChild(this)
+  }
+}
+
+export const runtimeErrorsToastId = 'vite-runtime-errors-toast'
+
 const { customElements } = globalThis // Ensure `customElements` is defined before the next line.
 if (customElements && !customElements.get(overlayId)) {
   customElements.define(overlayId, ErrorOverlay)
 }
+if (customElements && !customElements.get(runtimeErrorsToastId)) {
+  customElements.define(runtimeErrorsToastId, RuntimeErrorsToast)
+}
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/clientInjections.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/clientInjections.ts
index 6790b4582fbac0..b7993fd04052bf 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/clientInjections.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/clientInjections.ts
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ export function clientInjectionsPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
       const overlay = hmrConfig?.overlay !== false
       const isHmrServerSpecified = !!hmrConfig?.server
       const hmrConfigName = path.basename(config.configFile || 'vite.config.js')
+      const runtimeErrors = hmrConfig?.runtimeErrors ?? false
 
       // hmr.clientPort -> hmr.port
       // -> (24678 if middleware mode and HMR server is not specified) -> new URL(import.meta.url).port
@@ -78,6 +79,10 @@ export function clientInjectionsPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
       const hmrEnableOverlayReplacement = escapeReplacement(overlay)
       const hmrConfigNameReplacement = escapeReplacement(hmrConfigName)
       const wsTokenReplacement = escapeReplacement(config.webSocketToken)
+      const hmrRuntimeErrorsReplacement =
+        typeof runtimeErrors === 'function'
+          ? () => runtimeErrors.toString()
+          : escapeReplacement(runtimeErrors)
 
       injectConfigValues = (code: string) => {
         return code
@@ -93,6 +98,7 @@ export function clientInjectionsPlugin(config: ResolvedConfig): Plugin {
           .replace(`__HMR_ENABLE_OVERLAY__`, hmrEnableOverlayReplacement)
           .replace(`__HMR_CONFIG_NAME__`, hmrConfigNameReplacement)
           .replace(`__WS_TOKEN__`, wsTokenReplacement)
+          .replace(`__HMR_RUNTIME_ERRORS__`, hmrRuntimeErrorsReplacement)
       }
     },
     async transform(code, id) {
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/hmr.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/hmr.ts
index b7e29e929795f0..9184e8a5c7104b 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/hmr.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/hmr.ts
@@ -40,6 +40,13 @@ const whitespaceRE = /\s/
 
 const normalizedClientDir = normalizePath(CLIENT_DIR)
 
+interface ErrorEvent extends Event {
+  readonly error: any
+  readonly message: string
+  readonly filename?: string
+  readonly lineno?: number
+  readonly colno?: number
+}
 export interface HmrOptions {
   protocol?: string
   host?: string
@@ -49,6 +56,7 @@ export interface HmrOptions {
   timeout?: number
   overlay?: boolean
   server?: HttpServer
+  runtimeErrors?: boolean | ((err: ErrorEvent) => unknown)
 }
 
 export interface HotUpdateOptions {