wave.c

/* Sonic library
   Copyright 2010
   Bill Cox
   This file is part of the Sonic Library.

   This file is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license.
*/

/*
This file supports read/write wave files.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "wave.h"

#define WAVE_BUF_LEN 4096

struct waveFileStruct {
    int numChannels;
    int sampleRate;
    FILE *soundFile;
    int bytesWritten; /* The number of bytes written so far, including header */
    int failed;
    int isInput;
};

/* Write a string to a file. */
static void writeBytes(
    waveFile file,
    void *bytes,
    int length)
{
    size_t bytesWritten;

    if(file->failed) {
        return;
    }
    bytesWritten = fwrite(bytes, sizeof(char), length, file->soundFile);
    if(bytesWritten != length) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to write to output file");
        file->failed = 1;
    }
    file->bytesWritten += bytesWritten;
}

/* Write a string to a file. */
static void writeString(
    waveFile file,
    char *string)
{
    writeBytes(file, string, strlen(string));
}

/* Write an integer to a file in little endian order. */
static void writeInt(
    waveFile file,
    int value)
{
    char bytes[4];
    int i;

    for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        bytes[i] = value;
        value >>= 8;
    }
    writeBytes(file, bytes, 4);
}

/* Write a short integer to a file in little endian order. */
static void writeShort(
    waveFile file,
    short value)
{
    char bytes[2];
    int i;

    for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        bytes[i] = value;
        value >>= 8;
    }
    writeBytes(file, bytes, 2);
}

/* Read bytes from the input file. Return the number of bytes actually read. */
static int readBytes(
    waveFile file,
    void *bytes,
    int length)
{
    if(file->failed) {
        return 0;
    }
    return fread(bytes, sizeof(char), length, file->soundFile);
}

/* Read an exact number of bytes from the input file. */
static void readExactBytes(
    waveFile file,
    void *bytes,
    int length)
{
    int numRead;

    if(file->failed) {
        return;
    }
    numRead = fread(bytes, sizeof(char), length, file->soundFile);
    if(numRead != length) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read requested bytes from input file\n");
        file->failed = 1;
    }
}

/* Read an integer from the input file */
static int readInt(
    waveFile file)
{
    unsigned char bytes[4];
    int value = 0, i;

    readExactBytes(file, bytes, 4);
    for(i = 3; i >= 0; i--) {
        value <<= 8;
        value |= bytes[i];
    }
    return value;
}

/* Read a short from the input file */
static int readShort(
    waveFile file)
{
    unsigned char bytes[2];
    int value = 0, i;

    readExactBytes(file, bytes, 2);
    for(i = 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        value <<= 8;
        value |= bytes[i];
    }
    return value;
}

/* Read a string from the input and compare it to an expected string. */
static void expectString(
    waveFile file,
    char *expectedString)
{
    char buf[11]; /* Be sure that we never call with a longer string */
    int length = strlen(expectedString);

    if(length > 10) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Internal error: expected string too long\n");
        file->failed = 1;
    } else {
        readExactBytes(file, buf, length);
        buf[length] = '\0';
        if(strcmp(expectedString, buf)) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported wave file format\n");
            file->failed = 1;
        }
    }
}

/* Write the header of the wave file. */
static void writeHeader(
    waveFile file,
    int sampleRate,
    int numChannels)
{
    /* write the wav file per the wav file format */
    writeString(file, "RIFF"); /* 00 - RIFF */
    /* We have to fseek and overwrite this later when we close the file because */
    /* we don't know how big it is until then. */
    writeInt(file, 36 /* + dataLength */); /* 04 - how big is the rest of this file? */
    writeString(file, "WAVE"); /* 08 - WAVE */
    writeString(file, "fmt "); /* 12 - fmt */
    writeInt(file, 16); /* 16 - size of this chunk */
    writeShort(file, 1); /* 20 - what is the audio format? 1 for PCM = Pulse Code Modulation */
    writeShort(file, numChannels); /* 22 - mono or stereo? 1 or 2?  (or 5 or ???) */
    writeInt(file, sampleRate); /* 24 - samples per second (numbers per second) */
    writeInt(file, sampleRate * 2); /* 28 - bytes per second */
    writeShort(file, 2); /* 32 - # of bytes in one sample, for all channels */
    writeShort(file, 16); /* 34 - how many bits in a sample(number)?  usually 16 or 24 */
    writeString(file, "data"); /* 36 - data */
    writeInt(file, 0); /* 40 - how big is this data chunk */
}

/* Read the header of the wave file. */
static int readHeader(
    waveFile file)
{
    int data;

    expectString(file, "RIFF");
    data = readInt(file); /* 04 - how big is the rest of this file? */
    expectString(file, "WAVE"); /* 08 - WAVE */
    expectString(file, "fmt "); /* 12 - fmt */
    int chunkSize = readInt(file); /* 16 or 18 - size of this chunk */
    if(chunkSize != 16 && chunkSize != 18) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Only basic wave files are supported\n");
        return 0;
    }
    data = readShort(file); /* 20 - what is the audio format? 1 for PCM = Pulse Code Modulation */
    if(data != 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Only PCM wave files are supported\n");
        return 0;
    }
    file->numChannels = readShort(file); /* 22 - mono or stereo? 1 or 2?  (or 5 or ???) */
    file->sampleRate = readInt(file); /* 24 - samples per second (numbers per second) */
    readInt(file); /* 28 - bytes per second */
    readShort(file); /* 32 - # of bytes in one sample, for all channels */
    data = readShort(file); /* 34 - how many bits in a sample(number)?  usually 16 or 24 */
    if(data != 16) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Only 16 bit PCM wave files are supported\n");
        return 0;
    }
    if (chunkSize == 18) { /* ffmpeg writes 18, and so has 2 extra bytes here */
        data = readShort(file);
    }
    expectString(file, "data"); /* 36 - data */
    readInt(file); /* 40 - how big is this data chunk */
    return 1;
}

/* Close the input or output file and free the waveFile. */
static void closeFile(
    waveFile file)
{
    FILE *soundFile = file->soundFile;

    if(soundFile != NULL) {
        fclose(soundFile);
        file->soundFile = NULL;
    }
    free(file);
}

/* Open a 16-bit little-endian wav file for reading.  It may be mono or stereo. */
waveFile openInputWaveFile(
    char *fileName,
    int *sampleRate,
    int *numChannels)
{
    waveFile file;
    FILE *soundFile = fopen(fileName, "rb");

    if(soundFile == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open wave file %s for reading\n", fileName);
        return NULL;
    }
    file = (waveFile)calloc(1, sizeof(struct waveFileStruct));
    file->soundFile = soundFile;
    file->isInput = 1;
    if(!readHeader(file)) {
        closeFile(file);
        return NULL;
    }
    *sampleRate = file->sampleRate;
    *numChannels = file->numChannels;
    return file;
}

/* Open a 16-bit little-endian wav file for writing.  It may be mono or stereo. */
waveFile openOutputWaveFile(
    char *fileName,
    int sampleRate,
    int numChannels)
{
    waveFile file;
    FILE *soundFile = fopen(fileName, "wb");

    if(soundFile == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open wave file %s for writing\n", fileName);
        return NULL;
    }
    file = (waveFile)calloc(1, sizeof(struct waveFileStruct));
    file->soundFile = soundFile;
    file->sampleRate = sampleRate;
    file->numChannels = numChannels;
    writeHeader(file, sampleRate, numChannels);
    if(file->failed) {
        closeFile(file);
        return NULL;
    }
    return file;
}

/* Close the sound file. */
int closeWaveFile(
    waveFile file)
{
    FILE *soundFile = file->soundFile;
    int passed = 1;

    if(!file->isInput) {
        if(fseek(soundFile, 4, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to seek on input file.\n");
            passed = 0;
        } else {
            /* Now update the file to have the correct size. */
            writeInt(file, file->bytesWritten - 8);
            if(file->failed) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Failed to write wave file size.\n");
                passed = 0;
            }
            if(fseek(soundFile, 40, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Failed to seek on input file.\n");
                passed = 0;
            } else {
                /* Now update the file to have the correct size. */
                writeInt(file, file->bytesWritten - 48);
                if(file->failed) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Failed to write wave file size.\n");
                    passed = 0;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    closeFile(file);
    return passed;
}

/* Read from the wave file.  Return the number of samples read. */
int readFromWaveFile(
    waveFile file,
    short *buffer,
    int maxSamples)
{
    int i, bytesRead, samplesRead;
    int bytePos = 0;
    unsigned char bytes[WAVE_BUF_LEN];
    short sample;

    if(maxSamples*file->numChannels*2 > WAVE_BUF_LEN) {
        maxSamples = WAVE_BUF_LEN/(file->numChannels*2);
    }
    bytesRead = readBytes(file, bytes, maxSamples*file->numChannels*2);
    samplesRead = bytesRead/(file->numChannels*2);
    for(i = 0; i < samplesRead*file->numChannels; i++) {
        sample = bytes[bytePos++];
        sample |= (unsigned int)bytes[bytePos++] << 8;
        *buffer++ = sample;
    }
    return samplesRead;
}

/* Write to the wave file. */
int writeToWaveFile(
    waveFile file,
    short *buffer,
    int numSamples)
{
    int i;
    int bytePos = 0;
    unsigned char bytes[WAVE_BUF_LEN];
    short sample;
    int total = numSamples*file->numChannels;

    for(i = 0; i < total; i++) {
        if(bytePos == WAVE_BUF_LEN) {
            writeBytes(file, bytes, bytePos);
            bytePos = 0;
        }
        sample = buffer[i];
        bytes[bytePos++] = sample;
        bytes[bytePos++] = sample >> 8;
    }
    if(bytePos != 0) {
        writeBytes(file, bytes, bytePos);
    }
    return file->failed;
}