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",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://jam.web3.foundation/"},"jam.web3.foundation"),".")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM, short for Join-Accumulate Machine, represents a prospective design to succeed the relay chain.\nIts name originates from CoreJAM, denoting Collect Refine Join Accumulate, which outlines the\ncomputation model the machine embodies and that was\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/blob/006a9ff07c3d3bc5316c6bf63b05e966e694cc2d/text/corejam.md"},"first described in an RFC by Gavin Wood"),".\nHowever, within the actual chain, only the Join and Accumulate functions are executed, while the\nCollect and Refine processes occur off-chain."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Unlike the current iterative approach, JAM will be introduced as a comprehensive singular upgrade.\nSeveral factors contribute to this decision:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"A unified upgrade allows for precise restriction of post-upgrade actions, which is challenging\nwith an iterative approach."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"It mitigates the constant stream of minor upgrades and breaking changes that occur regularly over\nweeks or months.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"While this shift entails a significant breaking change, efforts will be made to minimize its impact\nto manageable levels. Consolidating multiple smaller breaking changes into a single transition is\ndeemed preferable, introducing a novel blockchain concept that uniquely integrates various existing\nideas."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"a-rollup-chain"},"A Rollup Chain"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM will be a domain-specific chain that handles one particular domain of problems. In this case,\nroll-ups, what Ethereum people call optimistic roll-ups. JAM's rollups are heavily bounded in terms\nof their security. This is what Polkadot has been doing for the last five years, it is already a\nhighly domain-specific roll-up chain. JAM essentially makes it less opinionated and more generic."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The JAM chain accepts outputs of roll-ups, in more general terms, bits of computation done\nelsewhere, and integrates the outputs into a shared state, similarly to how the Polkadot Relay Chain\nfunctions."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The job of the JAM chain is to provide the necessary apparatus to ensure that the output correctly\nreflects the input when it goes through the transformation it's meant to have undergone."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"smart-contract-similarity"},"Smart Contract Similarity"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM exhibits several similarities with a smart contract chain:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Permissionless code execution occurs directly on the JAM chain itself."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The state of the JAM chain is organized into distinct encapsulations."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Alongside state, encapsulations encompass code and balance.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"These encapsulations of state are termed ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"services"),". Thus, the JAM state is partitioned into\nservices. The creation of a new service is permissionless, akin to deploying a smart contract on a\nsmart contract chain. Consequently, adding a new service to the JAM chain does not necessitate\napproval from any authority or adherence to governance mechanisms, unlike Substrate-based chains\nthat mandate governance approval for adding new pallets. Services encompass code, balance, and\ncertain state components, resembling the structure commonly observed on a smart contract chain."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"service-entry-points"},"Service Entry Points"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM services' code is split into three different entry points:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Refine")," is the function that does the mostly stateless computation. It defines the\ntransformation for the rollup for a specific service."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Accumulate")," is the function that takes the output of that and folds it into the overall state\nof the service"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"OnTransfer")," handles information coming from other services.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Work packages")," are the input to a service. Work packages can have many ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"work items")," in them.\nEvery work item is associated with a service, and it reflects the actual input to the service. For\nthe parachains service, this is where the transactions and all of the blockchain inputs are entered."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The JAM security apparatus consists a two-stage processing where the Refine function accepts a work\nitem as an input and yields a work result as an output, which gets fed into the Accumulate function\n(first Refine, then Accumulate). Work items are refined into ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"work results"),", and therefore, a work\npackage containing many work items is refined into a ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"work report"),", which is the corresponding\nresults of several items. A work package can be assigned that uses one core for a specific time slot\n(typically a period of 6 seconds)."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("img",{alt:"refine-accumulate",src:n(95209).Z,width:"1874",height:"1052"})),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"jam-is-transactionless"},"JAM is Transactionless"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM distinguishes itself from smart contract chains by operating transactionlessly. There are no\ntransactions within JAM; all actions are permissionless and initially undergo a Refine stage. During\nthis stage, the service pre-refines input data, transforming it into work reports consisting of work\nresults. Subsequently, these work results are transferred onto the chain."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Despite the absence of transactions, JAM still accommodates extrinsic information of a specific\nformat. There are five types of extrinsic information:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Guarantees"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Assurances"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Judgments"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Preimages"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Tickets")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The first three types form part of the JAM chain's security framework. Guarantees and assurances\ninvolve validators collectively attesting that a work result accurately reflects the outcome of its\ncorresponding work item after transformation through the service's refine function."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Judgments occur when a work result does not align with its intended work item and has already been\nintegrated into the service\u2019s state. A rollback is necessary in such cases, and the result\u2019s\ninvalidity is recorded. Judgments must occur within one hour of submitting the work report to the\nchain, during which finality is temporarily paused."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Preimages represent a feature provided by the JAM chain for the refine function. While the refine\nfunction is typically stateless, it can perform one stateful operation: looking up the preimage of a\nhash. This feature is the only opinionated aspect of the refine function."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Tickets serve as anonymous entries into the block production mechanism. They are not immediately\nrequired for block production; instead, the system operates two epochs in advance. This mechanism is\npart of the SAFROL algorithm, a refined version of the original ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-sassafras"},"SASSAFRAS"),"\nalgorithm."),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"refine-function"},"Refine Function"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the Refine processing stage within JAM, up to 5 MB of data can be accepted during each time slot,\nwhich lasts 6 seconds. However, Refine yields a maximum of 4 kB of data, resulting in significant\ndata compaction that is necessary due to the distributed nature of\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-parachains-protocol#availability-and-validity-anv-protocol"},"the availability system"),".\nFor instance, in the context of a parachain, the 5 MB of data represents the\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-parachains-protocol#protocols-summary"},"Proof of Validity (PoV)"),", while the 4 kB of data\ncorresponds to the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-parachains-protocol#candidate-receipts"},"candidate receipt"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Refine can execute for up to 6 seconds of ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#polkadot-virtual-machine-pvm"},"PVM")," gas, equivalent to\nthe full block period of the relay chain. This extended execution time, compared to the current\nlimit of two seconds for PVFs, is facilitated by ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#benchmarks-vs-metering"},"secure metering")," and\nother optimizations inherent to PVM."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Moreover, Refine receives contextual information about the ongoing work and its surroundings,\nincluding details about concurrent refinements being performed. This feature enables the\nconstruction of work packages containing multiple work items from various services, facilitating\ninteractions like ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#accords"},"accords")," and synchronous communication between services."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Preimage lookups can also be conducted within Refine. If a hash and its associated preimage are\nbelieved to be available on the JAM chain, the preimage can be requested by providing the hash. This\ncapability enables efficient storage and retrieval of code, such as parachain code, by storing the\ncode on the JAM chain and referencing its hash in the work package."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Refine is the primary processing workhorse, handling tasks with largely stateless operations."),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"accumulate-function"},"Accumulate Function"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The accumulate function is responsible for integrating the output generated by the Refine function\ninto the chain state. Accumulate can accept multiple outputs from Refine, all originating from the\nsame service. Both Refine and Accumulate serve as entry points from a service-specific code blob."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Accumulate's execution time per output is considerably shorter than Refine\u2019s, typically around 10\nmilliseconds at most. However, the duration depends on factors such as the number of work items in\nthe work package. If a work package contains multiple items, the available time is divided among\nthem."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Unlike Refine, Accumulate is stateful, granting it access to the JAM chain's state. It can read\nstorage from any service, write to its key-value store, transfer funds, and include a memo with fund\ntransfers. Additionally, Accumulate can create new services, upgrade its code, and request preimage\navailability, among other functionalities."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Moreover, both Refine and Accumulate can invoke child instances of the PVM. This allows for creating\nsub-instances, or virtual machines, where code and data can be deployed, memory and stack\nconfigurations can be customized, and computations can be executed within a flexible framework."),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"on-transfer-function"},"On-transfer Function"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The onTransfer function within the JAM system is also stateful, enabling it to modify the service's\nstate. It has the capability to inspect the state of other services and make changes to its own\nstate. This functionality facilitates communication between services, albeit in an asynchronous\nmanner."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Unlike many smart contract platforms, where interactions occur synchronously, in JAM the interaction\nbetween encapsulated components, such as smart contracts or services in this case, happens\nasynchronously. Messages, along with tokens, are sent, and at some point later during the same\nsix-second execution period, the receiving service processes them. There is no immediate return\npath; if a return path is needed, the sending service must initiate another transfer or modify its\nstate in a way that the receiving service can later interpret."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Both Accumulate and onTransfer are designed to be executed in parallel, allowing different services'\naccumulation and transfers to occur simultaneously. This design opens the possibility for future\nenhancements, such as allocating more than the current 10 milliseconds of gas input. In theory, a\nsecondary core could be utilized to execute certain accumulations, providing them with significantly\nmore gas to utilize."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"jam-chains-generalization"},"JAM Chain's Generalization"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot, as outlined in the original Polkadot white paper, is primarily tailored to a specific\nservice profile: delivering parachains. In pursuit of this service, Polkadot has developed two\nessential subcomponents:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"the distributed data availability system"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"the auditing and guarantees system for computation (i.e. an optimistic roll-up system with robust\nsecurity guarantees)")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM represents a reduction in the level of opinionation compared to Polkadot, offering a higher\nlevel of abstraction and generalization. This facilitates easier utilization of underlying\ncomponents according to individual preferences."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM operates in a permissionless manner, akin to smart contract chains, allowing individuals to\nupload and expect the execution of code. Additionally, it hosts data, enables preimage lookup, and\nmanages state, resembling a key-value pair system. The genesis block of JAM includes a service to\nfacilitate the creation of new services since JAM lacks a mechanism for accepting transactions\ndirectly."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Services within JAM have no predefined limits on the amount of code, data, or state they can\naccommodate. Their capabilities are determined by crypto-economic factors; the more DOT tokens\ndeposited, the greater capacity for data and state. For instance, ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"the parachains service"),"\nconsolidates all Polkadot 1.1 functionality within a single service on JAM, with the potential for\nadditional services to leverage Polkadot's distributed availability system, and auditing and\nguarantees system for computation."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"polkadot-virtual-machine-pvm"},"Polkadot Virtual Machine (PVM)"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The PVM design is rooted in the RISC-V ISA (Instruction Set Architecture), known for its simplicity\nand versatility. The RISC-V ISA offers several advantages:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"It is easy to transpile into common hardware formats such as x86, x64, and ARM."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"It is well-supported by tooling like ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://llvm.org/"},"LLVM"))),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The PVM itself embodies simplicity and security, being sandboxable and offering various execution\nguarantees. It is deterministic, consensus-sensitive, and friendly to metering. Unlike other VMs,\nthe PVM lacks complexity and excessive opinionation."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"WASM, while optimized for web use cases, presents challenges with stack management, particularly in\nhandling continuations. RISC-V addresses this issue by placing the stack in memory, facilitating\ncontinuations handling naturally without additional complexity."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, the PVM demonstrates exceptional execution speeds, especially when run on conventional\nhardware like X64 and ARM, offering advantages such as free metering compared to WASM."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The incorporation of RISC-V-enabled continuations is poised to establish a new standard for scalable\ncoding across multi-core platforms like JAM. Asynchronous, parallelized architectures are\nincreasingly essential for scalability in both hardware and software platforms, a trend that is\nexpected to extend to blockchain and consensus algorithms."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"safrole"},"SAFROLE"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"SAFROLE is a block production algorithm, a simplification of ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-sassafras"},"SASSAFRAS"),". It\nexcludes some components that may be useful for parachains. So parachains may probably stick with\nSASSAFRAS rather SAFROLE. SAFROLE will be as simple as possile to:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"ensure that it is as minimally opinionated as possible to maximize the potential future use cases"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"to follow in the footsteps of Ethereum yellow paper, and really try to get as many implementations\nas possible to try and spread the expertise.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Understanding how Polkadot 1.0 works end-to-end is challenging. With JAM, someone who is capable of\nreading and understanding the yellow paper would be able to read and understand fairly quickly how\nJAM works. So simplicity is crucial."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"SAFROLE is a SNARK-based block production algorithm. It uses SNARK specifically for their anonymity\nfeatures. And it delivers constant time block production, almost entirely fork-free. There are a\ncouple of instances where forks could possibly arise. They basically only happen when there's a net\nsplit or someone's being intentionally malicious. The great value for the anonymity is not\nspecifically to keep validators' identities sort of a secret. In fact, when they actually produce a\nblock, they give away their identity anyway, but rather for ensuring that the block production\nmechanism itself is secure, basically to avoid spamming."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"networking"},"Networking"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Networking for JAM uses the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QUIC"},"QUIC protocol"),". This allows direct\npoint-to-point connections between a large numbers of validators. So essentially all 1,000-plus\nvalidators on Polkadot can have a persistent connection to each other without potential issues with\nsockets. Gossip is avoided, mostly because it is not needed, because JAM will not handle\ntransactions. In case of distributing something that's not point-to-point or within a very small\nsubset validators, grid-diffusal will be used, in which validators are arranged into a grid, and\npackages are sent by a row, and then each node on the row sends it to all members of its column."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"pipelining-for-efficient-block-processing"},"Pipelining for Efficient Block Processing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In state-based blockchains like Ethereum, the header of blocks typically contains the posterior\nstate root, summarizing the state after all block computations. Consequently, the header cannot be\nsent until all computations are complete. However, some computations can be performed before sending\nthe header, as their outcomes determine the block's validity."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In JAM, a different approach is adopted by placing the prior state root in the header instead of the\nposterior state root. This means that the state roots featured in the header lag by one block. As a\nresult, lightweight computations, comprising approximately 5% of the block's workload or execution\ntime, can be executed, and the block can be distributed immediately afterward. The remaining 95% of\nthe block's computation, primarily accumulation tasks, can be completed subsequently. This enables\nthe next block to be started before the execution of the current block is finished."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This approach allows for more efficient utilization of time between blocks. In traditional setups\nlike Polkadot's six-second block time, where the posterior state root must be provided, only a\nportion of the time can be used for computation. However, with pipelining in JAM, the entire block\ntime can be effectively utilized for computations, maximizing efficiency."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"While using the full block time for computation may not be ideal, as it could lead to perpetual\ncatching up and delayed block imports, JAM's approach enables significantly more time for\ncomputation compared to traditional setups. This means that approximately three to three and a half\nseconds of effective block computation time can be achieved, a substantial improvement over the\ncurrent setup."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"architectural-differences-jam-vs-relay-chain"},"Architectural Differences: JAM vs. Relay Chain"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the architectural distinctions between JAM and the Relay Chain lies in the degree to which\nfunctionality is fixed. While the relay chain fixes certain elements, such as the language used to\ndefine the protocol (WASM), JAM goes further in this regard. For instance, it dictates the type used\nfor encoding the block header and the hashing scheme, making alterations to these aspects\nchallenging."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"However, flexibility comparable to that enabled by the WebAssembly meta-protocol in the relay chain\nis preserved in JAM through its service model. In this model, upgradability responsibility is\nshifted to services, freeing the chain itself from the burden of being upgradable. Three primary\nreasons support this decision:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Simplicity is prioritized. Maintaining a non-upgradable chain significantly reduces complexity."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The relay chain's tendency to introduce complex functionalities without removing older ones\ncomplicates matters. Because upgrades are easily implemented, there's little incentive to simplify\nthe Substrate SDK. Consequently, replicating Polkadot becomes impractical."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The potential for optimization afforded by JAM's fixed parameters. With a clear understanding of\nthe specific tasks the JAM chain must perform and the ability to set fixed parameters,\noptimizations in areas like network topology and timing become feasible. This contrasts with the\nchallenges posed by the relay chain's highly upgradable nature, where such optimizations are more\ncomplex due to the frequent alterations possible with each upgrade.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Despite these differences, JAM retains flexibility in application-level functionalities, such as\ncoretime sales, staking, and governance, all managed within services. Additionally, JAM introduces a\nnovel concept by associating a token balance with a service, providing opportunities for economic\nmodel adjustments that are not easily achievable in purely upgradable chains like the Relay Chain."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"jam-toaster"},"JAM Toaster"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the ongoing efforts in ensuring that JAM meets its original expectations involves\nestablishing a comprehensive test environment for the JAM chain. Unlike small-scale test networks\nrunning on unreliable hardware to manage cloud computing costs, this initiative entails a\nsubstantial investment. Introducing the JAM toaster, essentially a test platform designed for\nconducting large-scale trials and performance assessments of JAM. This addresses a prior challenge\nencountered during the development of the Polkadot Relay Chain, where understanding the emergent\neffects and dynamics of operating a network at such scale proved difficult. Previous attempts were\nlimited to a few dozen nodes on a test network and the Kusama network, which lacks comprehensive\nmonitoring capabilities due to restrictions on accessing validator nodes. Conversely, the\nsmall-scale test network failed to accurately simulate the network dynamics of a larger-scale\ndeployment. The JAM toaster aims to bridge this gap by enabling in-depth research at the scale of\nthe entire JAM network, comprising 1,023 nodes. This platform facilitates the investigation of\nnetwork behavior and performance characteristics, providing valuable insights for developers\nregarding the expected performance of their parachains."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"jam-and-substrate"},"JAM and Substrate"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"benchmarks-vs-metering"},"Benchmarks vs. Metering"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Benchmarks, or performance tests, can be optional when working with JAM. While they may still be\nnecessary on occasion, JAM's metered system can often obviate the need for frequent benchmarking.\nJAM operates on a metered system, allowing users to assess computational workload after completion.\nAdditionally, there's a theoretical mechanism to control computation, typically implemented at block\nconstruction time."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"However, there are scenarios where benchmarking remains relevant. For instance, when metering is\ndeemed too conservative for certain use cases, benchmarking might be necessary to enhance\nperformance. Additionally, benchmarking could be useful for tasks requiring extended execution\ntimes, ensuring they aren't run excessively long."),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"xcmp"},"XCMP"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,'Moving on to Cross-Chain Message Passing (XCMP), JAM mandates full XCMP support. This is because\nwithin the relay chain, there\'s a provision for passing more data via a candidate receipt than would\nbe practical if all parachains transmitted all data all the time. JAM adheres strictly to rules,\neven for parachain services, including limitations on data transmission between the "refine" and\n"accumulate" phases. Currently, with\n',(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-xcm-transport#hrmp-xcmp-lites"},"Horizontal Relay Chain Message Passing (HRMP)"),", all\nmessages traverse the relay chain, constraining the data payload to 4 kB or less, which might not be\nrealistic. Thus, XCMP, where only message headers are relayed via the chain while the actual message\ndata is transmitted off-chain, emerges as a necessary and overdue improvement."),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"accords"},"Accords"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/polkadot-direction#xcm-and-accords"},"Accords")," essentially encapsulate state and logic,\nresembling smart contracts, with multiple instances residing alongside each parachain. They\nfacilitate message exchange between instances and enable synchronous interactions with parachains.\nAccords find utility in scenarios where trust between parachains is lacking, such as token\ntransfers. Unlike the existing method involving a reserve intermediary, Accords streamline direct\ntoken teleportation between parachains, eliminating the need for trust-compromising intermediaries.\nMoreover, Accords could function as XCM forwarding mechanisms, ensuring message integrity even when\nrelayed through third-party intermediaries, thus eliminating the need for explicit origin markers."),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"boosting-efficiency"},"Boosting Efficiency"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Lastly, JAM's broader, less opinionated approach to leveraging underlying consensus mechanisms makes\nit conducive to implementing more innovative solutions. For instance, distributed availability for\ncomplex tasks like zero-knowledge proofs becomes more practical and efficient with JAM.\nAdditionally, JAM supports a mixed resource consumption model, wherein work packages can contain\nboth computationally intensive tasks and data-heavy operations. By pairing services with diverse\nresource requirements, such as those needing extensive computation with those necessitating high\ndata availability, JAM optimizes the utilization of validators' resources, thereby reducing costs.\nThis flexible approach enables the combination of tasks like distributed availability and SNARK\nverification with parachain workloads, driving down costs while enhancing efficiency."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"enhancements-and-compatibility-in-jam"},"Enhancements and Compatibility in JAM"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM's design prioritizes compatibility with existing Polkadot 1 parachains. While it maintains\ncompatibility with the Polkadot SDK, the Polkadot Validator Function (PVF) undergoes retargeting.\nInstead of WebAssembly, it will target the Polkadot Virtual Machine (PVM). This transition is\nfacilitated by the fact that PVM is a minor modification of RISC-V, which has already been\nestablished as an official LLVM target. Consequently, PVM could become an official LLVM target\nbefore the deployment of JAM."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Beyond serving as a host for parachains, JAM introduces significant enhancements. It offers the\npotential to streamline benchmarking efforts and alleviate future benchmarking requirements.\nAdditionally, JAM introduces the concept of accords, multi-instance, multi-sharded smart contracts\nthat govern and enforce specific interaction protocols between parachains. Furthermore, full\nCross-Chain Message Passing (XCMP) support is essential, enabling the removal of limitations on\ninformation transfer between parachains, typically facilitated by Cross-Chain Messages (XCM)."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Regarding Agile Coretime, JAM retains compatibility with existing setups. However, it introduces the\ncapability to target coretime not only at parachains but also at arbitrary sets of work packages.\nThis flexibility enhances the versatility and efficiency of resource allocation within the JAM\necosystem."))}m.isMDXComponent=!0},95209:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>a});const a=n.p+"assets/images/refine-accumulate-376dcd569f7a4b6f1ed20798f522bd0e.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/2d34559d.7fe02372.js b/assets/js/2d34559d.7fe02372.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a869b45c79a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/js/2d34559d.7fe02372.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunk=self.webpackChunk||[]).push([[5645],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>h,kt:()=>m});var a=n(67294);function i(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function o(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return 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Machine.",source:"@site/../docs/learn/learn-jam-chain.md",sourceDirName:"learn",slug:"/learn-jam-chain",permalink:"/docs/learn-jam-chain",draft:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/w3f/polkadot-wiki/edit/master/docs/learn/learn-jam-chain.md",tags:[],version:"current",lastUpdatedBy:"Radha",lastUpdatedAt:1713456838,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Apr 18, 2024",frontMatter:{id:"learn-jam-chain",title:"Polkadot's JAM Chain",sidebar_label:"JAM Chain",description:"Polkadot's Join-Accumulate Machine.",keywords:["Polkadot","JAM","join-accumulate"],slug:"../learn-jam-chain"},sidebar:"docs",previous:{title:"SASSAFRAS",permalink:"/docs/learn-sassafras"},next:{title:"Archive",permalink:"/docs/learn-archive"}},h={},d=[{value:"A Rollup Chain",id:"a-rollup-chain",level:2},{value:"Smart Contract Similarity",id:"smart-contract-similarity",level:2},{value:"Service Entry Points",id:"service-entry-points",level:2},{value:"JAM is Transactionless",id:"jam-is-transactionless",level:3},{value:"Refine Function",id:"refine-function",level:3},{value:"Accumulate Function",id:"accumulate-function",level:3},{value:"On-transfer Function",id:"on-transfer-function",level:3},{value:"JAM Chain's Generalization",id:"jam-chains-generalization",level:2},{value:"Polkadot Virtual Machine (PVM)",id:"polkadot-virtual-machine-pvm",level:2},{value:"SAFROLE",id:"safrole",level:2},{value:"Networking",id:"networking",level:2},{value:"Pipelining for Efficient Block Processing",id:"pipelining-for-efficient-block-processing",level:2},{value:"Architectural Differences: JAM vs. Relay Chain",id:"architectural-differences-jam-vs-relay-chain",level:2},{value:"JAM Toaster",id:"jam-toaster",level:2},{value:"JAM and Substrate",id:"jam-and-substrate",level:2},{value:"Benchmarks vs. Metering",id:"benchmarks-vs-metering",level:3},{value:"XCMP",id:"xcmp",level:3},{value:"Accords",id:"accords",level:3},{value:"Boosting Efficiency",id:"boosting-efficiency",level:3},{value:"Enhancements and Compatibility in JAM",id:"enhancements-and-compatibility-in-jam",level:2}],u={toc:d},p="wrapper";function m(e){var t=e.components,r=(0,i.Z)(e,s);return(0,o.kt)(p,(0,a.Z)({},u,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"JAM paper is available at ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://graypaper.com/"},"graypaper.com")," and the information regarding JAM\nprize is available at ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://jam.web3.foundation/"},"jam.web3.foundation"),".")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM, short for Join-Accumulate Machine, represents a prospective design to succeed the relay chain.\nIts name originates from CoreJAM, denoting Collect Refine Join Accumulate, which outlines the\ncomputation model the machine embodies and that was\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs/blob/006a9ff07c3d3bc5316c6bf63b05e966e694cc2d/text/corejam.md"},"first described in an RFC by Gavin Wood"),".\nHowever, within the actual chain, only the Join and Accumulate functions are executed, while the\nCollect and Refine processes occur off-chain."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Unlike the current iterative approach, JAM will be introduced as a comprehensive singular upgrade.\nSeveral factors contribute to this decision:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"A unified upgrade allows for precise restriction of post-upgrade actions, which is challenging\nwith an iterative approach."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"It mitigates the constant stream of minor upgrades and breaking changes that occur regularly over\nweeks or months.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"While this shift entails a significant breaking change, efforts will be made to minimize its impact\nto manageable levels. Consolidating multiple smaller breaking changes into a single transition is\ndeemed preferable, introducing a novel blockchain concept that uniquely integrates various existing\nideas."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"a-rollup-chain"},"A Rollup Chain"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM will be a domain-specific chain that handles one particular domain of problems. In this case,\nroll-ups, what Ethereum people call optimistic roll-ups. JAM's rollups are heavily bounded in terms\nof their security. This is what Polkadot has been doing for the last five years, it is already a\nhighly domain-specific roll-up chain. JAM essentially makes it less opinionated and more generic."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The JAM chain accepts outputs of roll-ups, in more general terms, bits of computation done\nelsewhere, and integrates the outputs into a shared state, similarly to how the Polkadot Relay Chain\nfunctions."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The job of the JAM chain is to provide the necessary apparatus to ensure that the output correctly\nreflects the input when it goes through the transformation it's meant to have undergone."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"smart-contract-similarity"},"Smart Contract Similarity"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM exhibits several similarities with a smart contract chain:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Permissionless code execution occurs directly on the JAM chain itself."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The state of the JAM chain is organized into distinct encapsulations."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Alongside state, encapsulations encompass code and balance.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"These encapsulations of state are termed ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"services"),". Thus, the JAM state is partitioned into\nservices. The creation of a new service is permissionless, akin to deploying a smart contract on a\nsmart contract chain. Consequently, adding a new service to the JAM chain does not necessitate\napproval from any authority or adherence to governance mechanisms, unlike Substrate-based chains\nthat mandate governance approval for adding new pallets. Services encompass code, balance, and\ncertain state components, resembling the structure commonly observed on a smart contract chain."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"service-entry-points"},"Service Entry Points"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM services' code is split into three different entry points:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Refine")," is the function that does the mostly stateless computation. It defines the\ntransformation for the rollup for a specific service."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Accumulate")," is the function that takes the output of that and folds it into the overall state\nof the service"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"OnTransfer")," handles information coming from other services.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Work packages")," are the input to a service. Work packages can have many ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"work items")," in them.\nEvery work item is associated with a service, and it reflects the actual input to the service. For\nthe parachains service, this is where the transactions and all of the blockchain inputs are entered."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The JAM security apparatus consists a two-stage processing where the Refine function accepts a work\nitem as an input and yields a work result as an output, which gets fed into the Accumulate function\n(first Refine, then Accumulate). Work items are refined into ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"work results"),", and therefore, a work\npackage containing many work items is refined into a ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"work report"),", which is the corresponding\nresults of several items. A work package can be assigned that uses one core for a specific time slot\n(typically a period of 6 seconds)."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("img",{alt:"refine-accumulate",src:n(95209).Z,width:"1874",height:"1052"})),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"jam-is-transactionless"},"JAM is Transactionless"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM distinguishes itself from smart contract chains by operating transactionlessly. There are no\ntransactions within JAM; all actions are permissionless and initially undergo a Refine stage. During\nthis stage, the service pre-refines input data, transforming it into work reports consisting of work\nresults. Subsequently, these work results are transferred onto the chain."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Despite the absence of transactions, JAM still accommodates extrinsic information of a specific\nformat. There are five types of extrinsic information:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Guarantees"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Assurances"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Judgments"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Preimages"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Tickets")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The first three types form part of the JAM chain's security framework. Guarantees and assurances\ninvolve validators collectively attesting that a work result accurately reflects the outcome of its\ncorresponding work item after transformation through the service's refine function."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Judgments occur when a work result does not align with its intended work item and has already been\nintegrated into the service\u2019s state. A rollback is necessary in such cases, and the result\u2019s\ninvalidity is recorded. Judgments must occur within one hour of submitting the work report to the\nchain, during which finality is temporarily paused."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Preimages represent a feature provided by the JAM chain for the refine function. While the refine\nfunction is typically stateless, it can perform one stateful operation: looking up the preimage of a\nhash. This feature is the only opinionated aspect of the refine function."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Tickets serve as anonymous entries into the block production mechanism. They are not immediately\nrequired for block production; instead, the system operates two epochs in advance. This mechanism is\npart of the SAFROL algorithm, a refined version of the original ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-sassafras"},"SASSAFRAS"),"\nalgorithm."),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"refine-function"},"Refine Function"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the Refine processing stage within JAM, up to 5 MB of data can be accepted during each time slot,\nwhich lasts 6 seconds. However, Refine yields a maximum of 4 kB of data, resulting in significant\ndata compaction that is necessary due to the distributed nature of\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-parachains-protocol#availability-and-validity-anv-protocol"},"the availability system"),".\nFor instance, in the context of a parachain, the 5 MB of data represents the\n",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-parachains-protocol#protocols-summary"},"Proof of Validity (PoV)"),", while the 4 kB of data\ncorresponds to the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-parachains-protocol#candidate-receipts"},"candidate receipt"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Refine can execute for up to 6 seconds of ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#polkadot-virtual-machine-pvm"},"PVM")," gas, equivalent to\nthe full block period of the relay chain. This extended execution time, compared to the current\nlimit of two seconds for PVFs, is facilitated by ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#benchmarks-vs-metering"},"secure metering")," and\nother optimizations inherent to PVM."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Moreover, Refine receives contextual information about the ongoing work and its surroundings,\nincluding details about concurrent refinements being performed. This feature enables the\nconstruction of work packages containing multiple work items from various services, facilitating\ninteractions like ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#accords"},"accords")," and synchronous communication between services."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Preimage lookups can also be conducted within Refine. If a hash and its associated preimage are\nbelieved to be available on the JAM chain, the preimage can be requested by providing the hash. This\ncapability enables efficient storage and retrieval of code, such as parachain code, by storing the\ncode on the JAM chain and referencing its hash in the work package."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Refine is the primary processing workhorse, handling tasks with largely stateless operations."),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"accumulate-function"},"Accumulate Function"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The accumulate function is responsible for integrating the output generated by the Refine function\ninto the chain state. Accumulate can accept multiple outputs from Refine, all originating from the\nsame service. Both Refine and Accumulate serve as entry points from a service-specific code blob."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Accumulate's execution time per output is considerably shorter than Refine\u2019s, typically around 10\nmilliseconds at most. However, the duration depends on factors such as the number of work items in\nthe work package. If a work package contains multiple items, the available time is divided among\nthem."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Unlike Refine, Accumulate is stateful, granting it access to the JAM chain's state. It can read\nstorage from any service, write to its key-value store, transfer funds, and include a memo with fund\ntransfers. Additionally, Accumulate can create new services, upgrade its code, and request preimage\navailability, among other functionalities."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Moreover, both Refine and Accumulate can invoke child instances of the PVM. This allows for creating\nsub-instances, or virtual machines, where code and data can be deployed, memory and stack\nconfigurations can be customized, and computations can be executed within a flexible framework."),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"on-transfer-function"},"On-transfer Function"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The onTransfer function within the JAM system is also stateful, enabling it to modify the service's\nstate. It has the capability to inspect the state of other services and make changes to its own\nstate. This functionality facilitates communication between services, albeit in an asynchronous\nmanner."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Unlike many smart contract platforms, where interactions occur synchronously, in JAM the interaction\nbetween encapsulated components, such as smart contracts or services in this case, happens\nasynchronously. Messages, along with tokens, are sent, and at some point later during the same\nsix-second execution period, the receiving service processes them. There is no immediate return\npath; if a return path is needed, the sending service must initiate another transfer or modify its\nstate in a way that the receiving service can later interpret."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Both Accumulate and onTransfer are designed to be executed in parallel, allowing different services'\naccumulation and transfers to occur simultaneously. This design opens the possibility for future\nenhancements, such as allocating more than the current 10 milliseconds of gas input. In theory, a\nsecondary core could be utilized to execute certain accumulations, providing them with significantly\nmore gas to utilize."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"jam-chains-generalization"},"JAM Chain's Generalization"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot, as outlined in the original Polkadot white paper, is primarily tailored to a specific\nservice profile: delivering parachains. In pursuit of this service, Polkadot has developed two\nessential subcomponents:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"the distributed data availability system"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"the auditing and guarantees system for computation (i.e. an optimistic roll-up system with robust\nsecurity guarantees)")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM represents a reduction in the level of opinionation compared to Polkadot, offering a higher\nlevel of abstraction and generalization. This facilitates easier utilization of underlying\ncomponents according to individual preferences."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM operates in a permissionless manner, akin to smart contract chains, allowing individuals to\nupload and expect the execution of code. Additionally, it hosts data, enables preimage lookup, and\nmanages state, resembling a key-value pair system. The genesis block of JAM includes a service to\nfacilitate the creation of new services since JAM lacks a mechanism for accepting transactions\ndirectly."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Services within JAM have no predefined limits on the amount of code, data, or state they can\naccommodate. Their capabilities are determined by crypto-economic factors; the more DOT tokens\ndeposited, the greater capacity for data and state. For instance, ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"the parachains service"),"\nconsolidates all Polkadot 1.1 functionality within a single service on JAM, with the potential for\nadditional services to leverage Polkadot's distributed availability system, and auditing and\nguarantees system for computation."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"polkadot-virtual-machine-pvm"},"Polkadot Virtual Machine (PVM)"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The PVM design is rooted in the RISC-V ISA (Instruction Set Architecture), known for its simplicity\nand versatility. The RISC-V ISA offers several advantages:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"It is easy to transpile into common hardware formats such as x86, x64, and ARM."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"It is well-supported by tooling like ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://llvm.org/"},"LLVM"))),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The PVM itself embodies simplicity and security, being sandboxable and offering various execution\nguarantees. It is deterministic, consensus-sensitive, and friendly to metering. Unlike other VMs,\nthe PVM lacks complexity and excessive opinionation."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"WASM, while optimized for web use cases, presents challenges with stack management, particularly in\nhandling continuations. RISC-V addresses this issue by placing the stack in memory, facilitating\ncontinuations handling naturally without additional complexity."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, the PVM demonstrates exceptional execution speeds, especially when run on conventional\nhardware like X64 and ARM, offering advantages such as free metering compared to WASM."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The incorporation of RISC-V-enabled continuations is poised to establish a new standard for scalable\ncoding across multi-core platforms like JAM. Asynchronous, parallelized architectures are\nincreasingly essential for scalability in both hardware and software platforms, a trend that is\nexpected to extend to blockchain and consensus algorithms."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"safrole"},"SAFROLE"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"SAFROLE is a block production algorithm, a simplification of ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-sassafras"},"SASSAFRAS"),". It\nexcludes some components that may be useful for parachains. So parachains may probably stick with\nSASSAFRAS rather SAFROLE. SAFROLE will be as simple as possile to:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"ensure that it is as minimally opinionated as possible to maximize the potential future use cases"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"to follow in the footsteps of Ethereum yellow paper, and really try to get as many implementations\nas possible to try and spread the expertise.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Understanding how Polkadot 1.0 works end-to-end is challenging. With JAM, someone who is capable of\nreading and understanding the yellow paper would be able to read and understand fairly quickly how\nJAM works. So simplicity is crucial."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"SAFROLE is a SNARK-based block production algorithm. It uses SNARK specifically for their anonymity\nfeatures. And it delivers constant time block production, almost entirely fork-free. There are a\ncouple of instances where forks could possibly arise. They basically only happen when there's a net\nsplit or someone's being intentionally malicious. The great value for the anonymity is not\nspecifically to keep validators' identities sort of a secret. In fact, when they actually produce a\nblock, they give away their identity anyway, but rather for ensuring that the block production\nmechanism itself is secure, basically to avoid spamming."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"networking"},"Networking"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Networking for JAM uses the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QUIC"},"QUIC protocol"),". This allows direct\npoint-to-point connections between a large numbers of validators. So essentially all 1,000-plus\nvalidators on Polkadot can have a persistent connection to each other without potential issues with\nsockets. Gossip is avoided, mostly because it is not needed, because JAM will not handle\ntransactions. In case of distributing something that's not point-to-point or within a very small\nsubset validators, grid-diffusal will be used, in which validators are arranged into a grid, and\npackages are sent by a row, and then each node on the row sends it to all members of its column."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"pipelining-for-efficient-block-processing"},"Pipelining for Efficient Block Processing"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In state-based blockchains like Ethereum, the header of blocks typically contains the posterior\nstate root, summarizing the state after all block computations. Consequently, the header cannot be\nsent until all computations are complete. However, some computations can be performed before sending\nthe header, as their outcomes determine the block's validity."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In JAM, a different approach is adopted by placing the prior state root in the header instead of the\nposterior state root. This means that the state roots featured in the header lag by one block. As a\nresult, lightweight computations, comprising approximately 5% of the block's workload or execution\ntime, can be executed, and the block can be distributed immediately afterward. The remaining 95% of\nthe block's computation, primarily accumulation tasks, can be completed subsequently. This enables\nthe next block to be started before the execution of the current block is finished."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"This approach allows for more efficient utilization of time between blocks. In traditional setups\nlike Polkadot's six-second block time, where the posterior state root must be provided, only a\nportion of the time can be used for computation. However, with pipelining in JAM, the entire block\ntime can be effectively utilized for computations, maximizing efficiency."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"While using the full block time for computation may not be ideal, as it could lead to perpetual\ncatching up and delayed block imports, JAM's approach enables significantly more time for\ncomputation compared to traditional setups. This means that approximately three to three and a half\nseconds of effective block computation time can be achieved, a substantial improvement over the\ncurrent setup."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"architectural-differences-jam-vs-relay-chain"},"Architectural Differences: JAM vs. Relay Chain"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the architectural distinctions between JAM and the Relay Chain lies in the degree to which\nfunctionality is fixed. While the relay chain fixes certain elements, such as the language used to\ndefine the protocol (WASM), JAM goes further in this regard. For instance, it dictates the type used\nfor encoding the block header and the hashing scheme, making alterations to these aspects\nchallenging."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"However, flexibility comparable to that enabled by the WebAssembly meta-protocol in the relay chain\nis preserved in JAM through its service model. In this model, upgradability responsibility is\nshifted to services, freeing the chain itself from the burden of being upgradable. Three primary\nreasons support this decision:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Simplicity is prioritized. Maintaining a non-upgradable chain significantly reduces complexity."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The relay chain's tendency to introduce complex functionalities without removing older ones\ncomplicates matters. Because upgrades are easily implemented, there's little incentive to simplify\nthe Substrate SDK. Consequently, replicating Polkadot becomes impractical."),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The potential for optimization afforded by JAM's fixed parameters. With a clear understanding of\nthe specific tasks the JAM chain must perform and the ability to set fixed parameters,\noptimizations in areas like network topology and timing become feasible. This contrasts with the\nchallenges posed by the relay chain's highly upgradable nature, where such optimizations are more\ncomplex due to the frequent alterations possible with each upgrade.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Despite these differences, JAM retains flexibility in application-level functionalities, such as\ncoretime sales, staking, and governance, all managed within services. Additionally, JAM introduces a\nnovel concept by associating a token balance with a service, providing opportunities for economic\nmodel adjustments that are not easily achievable in purely upgradable chains like the Relay Chain."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"jam-toaster"},"JAM Toaster"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"One of the ongoing efforts in ensuring that JAM meets its original expectations involves\nestablishing a comprehensive test environment for the JAM chain. Unlike small-scale test networks\nrunning on unreliable hardware to manage cloud computing costs, this initiative entails a\nsubstantial investment. Introducing the JAM toaster, essentially a test platform designed for\nconducting large-scale trials and performance assessments of JAM. This addresses a prior challenge\nencountered during the development of the Polkadot Relay Chain, where understanding the emergent\neffects and dynamics of operating a network at such scale proved difficult. Previous attempts were\nlimited to a few dozen nodes on a test network and the Kusama network, which lacks comprehensive\nmonitoring capabilities due to restrictions on accessing validator nodes. Conversely, the\nsmall-scale test network failed to accurately simulate the network dynamics of a larger-scale\ndeployment. The JAM toaster aims to bridge this gap by enabling in-depth research at the scale of\nthe entire JAM network, comprising 1,023 nodes. This platform facilitates the investigation of\nnetwork behavior and performance characteristics, providing valuable insights for developers\nregarding the expected performance of their parachains."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"jam-and-substrate"},"JAM and Substrate"),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"benchmarks-vs-metering"},"Benchmarks vs. Metering"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Benchmarks, or performance tests, can be optional when working with JAM. While they may still be\nnecessary on occasion, JAM's metered system can often obviate the need for frequent benchmarking.\nJAM operates on a metered system, allowing users to assess computational workload after completion.\nAdditionally, there's a theoretical mechanism to control computation, typically implemented at block\nconstruction time."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"However, there are scenarios where benchmarking remains relevant. For instance, when metering is\ndeemed too conservative for certain use cases, benchmarking might be necessary to enhance\nperformance. Additionally, benchmarking could be useful for tasks requiring extended execution\ntimes, ensuring they aren't run excessively long."),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"xcmp"},"XCMP"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,'Moving on to Cross-Chain Message Passing (XCMP), JAM mandates full XCMP support. This is because\nwithin the relay chain, there\'s a provision for passing more data via a candidate receipt than would\nbe practical if all parachains transmitted all data all the time. JAM adheres strictly to rules,\neven for parachain services, including limitations on data transmission between the "refine" and\n"accumulate" phases. Currently, with\n',(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-xcm-transport#hrmp-xcmp-lites"},"Horizontal Relay Chain Message Passing (HRMP)"),", all\nmessages traverse the relay chain, constraining the data payload to 4 kB or less, which might not be\nrealistic. Thus, XCMP, where only message headers are relayed via the chain while the actual message\ndata is transmitted off-chain, emerges as a necessary and overdue improvement."),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"accords"},"Accords"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/polkadot-direction#xcm-and-accords"},"Accords")," essentially encapsulate state and logic,\nresembling smart contracts, with multiple instances residing alongside each parachain. They\nfacilitate message exchange between instances and enable synchronous interactions with parachains.\nAccords find utility in scenarios where trust between parachains is lacking, such as token\ntransfers. Unlike the existing method involving a reserve intermediary, Accords streamline direct\ntoken teleportation between parachains, eliminating the need for trust-compromising intermediaries.\nMoreover, Accords could function as XCM forwarding mechanisms, ensuring message integrity even when\nrelayed through third-party intermediaries, thus eliminating the need for explicit origin markers."),(0,o.kt)("h3",{id:"boosting-efficiency"},"Boosting Efficiency"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Lastly, JAM's broader, less opinionated approach to leveraging underlying consensus mechanisms makes\nit conducive to implementing more innovative solutions. For instance, distributed availability for\ncomplex tasks like zero-knowledge proofs becomes more practical and efficient with JAM.\nAdditionally, JAM supports a mixed resource consumption model, wherein work packages can contain\nboth computationally intensive tasks and data-heavy operations. By pairing services with diverse\nresource requirements, such as those needing extensive computation with those necessitating high\ndata availability, JAM optimizes the utilization of validators' resources, thereby reducing costs.\nThis flexible approach enables the combination of tasks like distributed availability and SNARK\nverification with parachain workloads, driving down costs while enhancing efficiency."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"enhancements-and-compatibility-in-jam"},"Enhancements and Compatibility in JAM"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"JAM's design prioritizes compatibility with existing Polkadot 1 parachains. While it maintains\ncompatibility with the Polkadot SDK, the Polkadot Validator Function (PVF) undergoes retargeting.\nInstead of WebAssembly, it will target the Polkadot Virtual Machine (PVM). This transition is\nfacilitated by the fact that PVM is a minor modification of RISC-V, which has already been\nestablished as an official LLVM target. Consequently, PVM could become an official LLVM target\nbefore the deployment of JAM."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Beyond serving as a host for parachains, JAM introduces significant enhancements. It offers the\npotential to streamline benchmarking efforts and alleviate future benchmarking requirements.\nAdditionally, JAM introduces the concept of accords, multi-instance, multi-sharded smart contracts\nthat govern and enforce specific interaction protocols between parachains. Furthermore, full\nCross-Chain Message Passing (XCMP) support is essential, enabling the removal of limitations on\ninformation transfer between parachains, typically facilitated by Cross-Chain Messages (XCM)."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Regarding Agile Coretime, JAM retains compatibility with existing setups. However, it introduces the\ncapability to target coretime not only at parachains but also at arbitrary sets of work packages.\nThis flexibility enhances the versatility and efficiency of resource allocation within the JAM\necosystem."))}m.isMDXComponent=!0},95209:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>a});const a=n.p+"assets/images/refine-accumulate-376dcd569f7a4b6f1ed20798f522bd0e.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/runtime~main.523625f0.js b/assets/js/runtime~main.0f9f024d.js similarity index 99% rename from assets/js/runtime~main.523625f0.js rename to assets/js/runtime~main.0f9f024d.js index 9665ef09ed6d..e4daa50ca620 100644 --- a/assets/js/runtime~main.523625f0.js +++ b/assets/js/runtime~main.0f9f024d.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -(()=>{"use strict";var e,a,d,f,c={},b={};function r(e){var a=b[e];if(void 0!==a)return a.exports;var d=b[e]={id:e,loaded:!1,exports:{}};return c[e].call(d.exports,d,d.exports,r),d.loaded=!0,d.exports}r.m=c,e=[],r.O=(a,d,f,c)=>{if(!d){var 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e={1303:0,532:0};r.f.j=(a,d)=>{var f=r.o(e,a)?e[a]:void 0;if(0!==f)if(f)d.push(f[2]);else if(/^(1303|532)$/.test(a))e[a]=0;else{var c=new Promise(((d,c)=>f=e[a]=[d,c]));d.push(f[2]=c);var b=r.p+r.u(a),t=new Error;r.l(b,(d=>{if(r.o(e,a)&&(0!==(f=e[a])&&(e[a]=void 0),f)){var c=d&&("load"===d.type?"missing":d.type),b=d&&d.target&&d.target.src;t.message="Loading chunk "+a+" failed.\n("+c+": "+b+")",t.name="ChunkLoadError",t.type=c,t.request=b,f[1](t)}}),"chunk-"+a,a)}},r.O.j=a=>0===e[a];var a=(a,d)=>{var f,c,[b,t,o]=d,n=0;if(b.some((a=>0!==e[a]))){for(f in t)r.o(t,f)&&(r.m[f]=t[f]);if(o)var i=o(r)}for(a&&a(d);n - + @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ development. The program aims to enable your team to tap into Polkadot’s ecosystem of resources and bring your product into production while contributing to feedback for Polkadot’s ecosystem.

Check out the official Polkadot Alpha Program site for more information and steps on how to apply.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/ambassadors.html b/docs/ambassadors.html index 87bbf8bd78c9..ef28f129ba6c 100644 --- a/docs/ambassadors.html +++ b/docs/ambassadors.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ communication channels of core team members, and gain access to Polkadot events.

There are many ways you can get involved in expanding Polkadot’s ecosystem, such as:

  • Contributing code and documentation related to the ecosystem
  • Speaking about Polkadot at events, workshops, and meetups
  • Writing blog posts
  • Representing Polkadot in your region
  • Mentoring and onboarding newcomers
  • Identifying partnerships and opportunities for the Polkadot ecosystem
  • Participating in calls and tasks that help drive the ecosystem forward

How to apply:​

To become a Polkadot Ambassador, please fill out your application here.

Find out more about the program and how to join here.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/apps-index.html b/docs/apps-index.html index fa7a601ad44c..7e38a40f610a 100644 --- a/docs/apps-index.html +++ b/docs/apps-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

Apps

Explore the different applications in the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/bug-bounty.html b/docs/bug-bounty.html index 96ac6fea0e36..d0b6045a5e7a 100644 --- a/docs/bug-bounty.html +++ b/docs/bug-bounty.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ not to be disruptive or harmful to our users or us. Otherwise, your actions might be interpreted as an attack rather than an effort to be helpful.

How to report a bug​

Please follow the instructions at web3.foundation/security-report/.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-archive-index.html b/docs/build-archive-index.html index d98b2dc03ae4..46807c66b5b4 100644 --- a/docs/build-archive-index.html +++ b/docs/build-archive-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

Archived Build Resources

Archived build resources for building on Polkadot

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-client-index.html b/docs/build-client-index.html index 688a1a34062b..766faf38867c 100644 --- a/docs/build-client-index.html +++ b/docs/build-client-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

Client-side Development

Learn about different options for building client-side apps on Polkadot.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-client-side.html b/docs/build-client-side.html index 6125eec213c2..228a1e335251 100644 --- a/docs/build-client-side.html +++ b/docs/build-client-side.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ specifically the documentation on deploying Polkadot dApp on decentralized storage. You can get started with Filebase by signing up here.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-dapp.html b/docs/build-dapp.html index b60aeb12b015..138df9317299 100644 --- a/docs/build-dapp.html +++ b/docs/build-dapp.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ see the tooling page for a detailed overview of different SDKs and libraries that are available.

Frameworks & Toolkits​

For front-end applications, several options exist for interfacing with Substrate-based chains (parachains, relay chains, etc.) and smart contracts. These often will interact with the RPC of a Substrate node:

Promise and RxJS APIs around Polkadot and Substrate-based chains via RPC calls. It is dynamically generated based on what the Substrate runtime provides regarding metadata. Full documentation & examples available here.
- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-data.html b/docs/build-data.html index e901e392e730..e5d0aa960fb7 100644 --- a/docs/build-data.html +++ b/docs/build-data.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ for details on how to access the data.

Block Explorers​

As you can imagine, blockchain explorers also offer data analytics through an interface where users can examine common data points.

Some block explorers in the Polkadot ecosystem are listed on the tools page.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-guide.html b/docs/build-guide.html index cc6b80a13e93..bd93b97f3cf2 100644 --- a/docs/build-guide.html +++ b/docs/build-guide.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ (parachains, relay chains, etc.) and smart contracts. These often will interact with the RPC of a Substrate node.

Please visit the full documentation for developing dApps and other general client-side development resources.

For a complete list of tools, please take a look here: Tools, APIs, and Languages

Resources​

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-hackathon.html b/docs/build-hackathon.html index e93be246aa72..93c80cd2a4ee 100644 --- a/docs/build-hackathon.html +++ b/docs/build-hackathon.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ that can be a feature of you hackathon or suggested prerequisite for those joining to use.

Support / Contact​

If you have any questions regarding organizing a hackathon, please free feel to contact us by email or ask us via Element chat.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-hrmp-channels.html b/docs/build-hrmp-channels.html index bd9e26c5fce8..d287dc3d7fed 100644 --- a/docs/build-hrmp-channels.html +++ b/docs/build-hrmp-channels.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ forceOpenHrmpChannel calls.

Opening HRMP Channels Between Two System Parachains​

As of Polkadot and Kusama runtimes 1,001,000, anyone can call an establishSystemChannel extrinsic with two system parachains as arguments in order to establish a channel from the given sender to receiver.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-index.html b/docs/build-index.html index 3052a05e3445..087494da84af 100644 --- a/docs/build-index.html +++ b/docs/build-index.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ are building.

Grants​

  • Grants - Information regarding grants and funding sources available in the Polkadot ecosystem.

PCPs​

Polkadot Contracts Proposals (PCPs) are standards for smart contracts in the Polkadot ecosystem.

Hackathon​

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-integrate-assets.html b/docs/build-integrate-assets.html index 0dbbaaa8300e..be91f6c782fa 100644 --- a/docs/build-integrate-assets.html +++ b/docs/build-integrate-assets.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ can be claimed).

A great resource to learn more about Error Management in XCM is the Polkadot blog post from Gavin Wood, XCM Part III: Execution and Error Management.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-integration.html b/docs/build-integration.html index b7f12c5ce4aa..47d80b479d08 100644 --- a/docs/build-integration.html +++ b/docs/build-integration.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ transactions. Parity and Web3 Foundation will be able to provide the best support if you use these tools.

If your team would like support, join some of our community channels or contact support@polkadot.network.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-light-clients.html b/docs/build-light-clients.html index b4a0ff69e957..1893152254bd 100644 --- a/docs/build-light-clients.html +++ b/docs/build-light-clients.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ end-users to interact with applications connected to multiple blockchains or connect their own blockchains to applications that support it.

note

Substrate Connect will auto-detect whether a user is using the extension. If not, the Wasm light client will be created in-page for them.

Resources​

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-network-overview.html b/docs/build-network-overview.html index cf6acfdfd04d..4ba9638195d8 100644 --- a/docs/build-network-overview.html +++ b/docs/build-network-overview.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ here.

For other programmatic ways of interacting with these networks (including PolkadotJS), please view the Node Interactions page.

Testnet Faucets​

Almost all tesnets either have a web-based interface for getting test currency or a Matrix room which you can post !drip <ADDRESS>

See here for all available faucets and how to obtain testnet tokens.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-node-interaction.html b/docs/build-node-interaction.html index e4af17d8208d..05bcf4661a7e 100644 --- a/docs/build-node-interaction.html +++ b/docs/build-node-interaction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ block by the block author.

{
   "number":"7409038",
   "hash":"0x0e9610f3c89fac046ef83aa625ad414d5403031faa026b7ab2a918184e389968",
   "parentHash":"0xba308541eb207bc639f36d392706309a031c21622f883fb07411060389c5ffdd",
   "stateRoot":"0x4426383b64a944ad7222a4019aefd558c749da0c6920cfcdfd587741d54abbe2",
   "extrinsicsRoot":"0x74749e5f5aeb610bc23fd6d8d79fd8bbf5e4b6053f70ba94ea6b3cc271df4b3a",
   "authorId":"Fvvz6Ej1D5ZR5ZTK1vE1dCjBvkbxE1VncptEtmFaecXe4PF",
   "logs":[
      {
         "type":"PreRuntime",
         "index":"6",
         "value":[
            "BABE",
            "0x023a0200009c7d191000000000"
         ]
      },
      {
         "type":"Seal",
         "index":"5",
         "value":[
            "BABE",
            "0x2296a50fa4fea3a46a95ad5b1f09de76d22c6ed3dc6755718c976e2d14c63e4dd3c6257813d9bdc03bb180b1e20393f1558ae1204982e5c7570df393e11f908b"
         ]
      }
   ],
   "onInitialize":{
      "events":[

      ]
   },
   "extrinsics":[
      {
         "method":{
            "pallet":"timestamp",
            "method":"set"
         },
         "signature":null,
         "nonce":null,
         "args":{
            "now":"1620636072000"
         },
         "tip":null,
         "hash":"0x8b853f49b6543e4fcbc796ad3574ea5601d2869d80629e080e501da4cb7b74b4",
         "info":{

         },
         "events":[
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"system",
                  "method":"ExtrinsicSuccess"
               },
               "data":[
                  {
                     "weight":"185253000",
                     "class":"Mandatory",
                     "paysFee":"Yes"
                  }
               ]
            }
         ],
         "success":true,
         "paysFee":false
      },
      {
         "method":{
            "pallet":"balances",
            "method":"transfer"
         },
         "signature":{
            "signature":"0x94b63112648e8e692f0076fa1ccab3a04510c269d1392c1df2560503865e144e3afd578f1e37e98063b64b98a77a89a9cdc8ade579dcac0984e78d90646a052001",
            "signer":{
               "id":"Gr5sBB1EgdmQ7FG3Ud2BdECWQTMDXNgGPfdHMMtDsmT4Dj3"
            }
         },
         "nonce":"12",
         "args":{
            "dest":{
               "id":"J6ksma2jVeHRcRoYPZBkJRzRbckys7oSmgvjKLrVbj1U8bE"
            },
            "value":"100000000"
         },
         "tip":"0",
         "hash":"0xfbc5e5de75d64abe5aa3ee9272a3112b3ce53710664f6f2b9416b2ffda8799c2",
         "info":{
            "weight":"201217000",
            "class":"Normal",
            "partialFee":"2583332634"
         },
         "events":[
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"balances",
                  "method":"Transfer"
               },
               "data":[
                  "Gr5sBB1EgdmQ7FG3Ud2BdECWQTMDXNgGPfdHMMtDsmT4Dj3",
                  "J6ksma2jVeHRcRoYPZBkJRzRbckys7oSmgvjKLrVbj1U8bE",
                  "100000000"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"balances",
                  "method":"Deposit"
               },
               "data":[
                  "Fvvz6Ej1D5ZR5ZTK1vE1dCjBvkbxE1VncptEtmFaecXe4PF",
                  "2583332634"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"system",
                  "method":"ExtrinsicSuccess"
               },
               "data":[
                  {
                     "weight":"201217000",
                     "class":"Normal",
                     "paysFee":"Yes"
                  }
               ]
            }
         ],
         "success":true,
         "paysFee":true
      },
      {
         "method":{
            "pallet":"utility",
            "method":"batch"
         },
         "signature":{
            "signature":"0x8aa2fc3f0cff52533745679523705720cff42d0e7258b9797feed193deb0ca73474726e148af0a0b096d44c07f20e5292819ec92279cffb2897e95cc337e638e",
            "signer":{
               "id":"F4gmSZGiM9pMYPsKW7xnGktDr4zRmN2jqy5Ze678y9YWR7F"
            }
         },
         "nonce":"687",
         "args":{
            "calls":[
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"Cfish3zJiFnTvR9jscCap7imeA9ep3cH1wZfcZwAp2gdZHo",
                     "era":"2229"
                  }
               },
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"Cfish3zJiFnTvR9jscCap7imeA9ep3cH1wZfcZwAp2gdZHo",
                     "era":"2230"
                  }
               },
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"Cfish3zJiFnTvR9jscCap7imeA9ep3cH1wZfcZwAp2gdZHo",
                     "era":"2231"
                  }
               },
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"DifishR4auphofhzxsy2aupgYo4NaUECH7qgt71CgiB2o6P",
                     "era":"2231"
                  }
               },
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"J1fishfH94nFZLNScHgC2HorWpFD2xdPxd96wtTCHLvKxfa",
                     "era":"2231"
                  }
               }
            ]
         },
         "tip":"0",
         "hash":"0x69171ec3f4e5e4dfd27f4d1c5b5dbc884932c5d9a078c84495bb7ab875c8785f",
         "info":{
            "weight":"629782467000",
            "class":"Normal",
            "partialFee":"5150837715"
         },
         "events":[
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"staking",
                  "method":"Reward"
               },
               "data":[
                  "Cfish3zJiFnTvR9jscCap7imeA9ep3cH1wZfcZwAp2gdZHo",
                  "40730624074"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"staking",
                  "method":"Reward"
               },
               "data":[
                  "FhLcXuFkTwyc3o9K82VBahpain1YHWyGeNMDTTyeDJKfm5b",
                  "4296071738"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"staking",
                  "method":"Reward"
               },
               "data":[
                  "F1NyXFUayqmVMdjNK45hcaTCE3JiqdU83sEGhQ3HQXn2Rpq",
                  "1770904403"
               ]
            },

            // ...

            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"utility",
                  "method":"BatchCompleted"
               },
               "data":[

               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"balances",
                  "method":"Deposit"
               },
               "data":[
                  "Fvvz6Ej1D5ZR5ZTK1vE1dCjBvkbxE1VncptEtmFaecXe4PF",
                  "5150837715"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"system",
                  "method":"ExtrinsicSuccess"
               },
               "data":[
                  {
                     "weight":"629782467000",
                     "class":"Normal",
                     "paysFee":"Yes"
                  }
               ]
            }
         ],
         "success":true,
         "paysFee":true
      }
   ],
   "onFinalize":{
      "events":[

      ]
   },
   "finalized":true
}
The JS number type is a 53 bit precision float

There is no guarantee that the numerical values in the response will have a numerical type. Any numbers larger than 2**53-1 will have a string type.

Submitting a Transaction​

Submit a serialized transaction using the transaction endpoint with an HTTP POST request.

import requests
import json

url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/transaction/'
tx_headers = {'Content-type' : 'application/json', 'Accept' : 'text/plain'}
response = requests.post(
    url,
    data='{"tx": "0xed0...000"}', # A serialized tx.
    headers=tx_headers
)
tx_response = json.loads(response.text)

If successful, this endpoint returns a JSON with the transaction hash. In case of error, it will return an error report, e.g.:

{
    "error": "Failed to parse a tx" | "Failed to submit a tx",
    "cause": "Upstream error description"
}
- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-node-management.html b/docs/build-node-management.html index ccf2d0f0bc99..22caca15ca39 100644 --- a/docs/build-node-management.html +++ b/docs/build-node-management.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ has a monitor node metrics tutorial which uses this endpoint.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-open-source.html b/docs/build-open-source.html index efcde74c1599..e1538aaaee61 100644 --- a/docs/build-open-source.html +++ b/docs/build-open-source.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ the tech stack.

❗ All technologies listed above need to be open-source. Ideally, the links lead directly to the code.

Note: You will need a GitHub account to suggest changes or open issues. If you do not have one, you may sign up for free.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-oracle.html b/docs/build-oracle.html index 073fad7659e1..47ff462ce62b 100644 --- a/docs/build-oracle.html +++ b/docs/build-oracle.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ ecosystem develops and oracle parachains begin to appear, this article will be updated with a comparison of the different solutions and the benefits and drawbacks that each provide.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-pdk.html b/docs/build-pdk.html index 1ac50098c193..23c502aead81 100644 --- a/docs/build-pdk.html +++ b/docs/build-pdk.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ transition into a Relay Chain.

For more information on how parathread per-block auctions work, see the more detailed parathread page.

Resources​

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-protocol-index.html b/docs/build-protocol-index.html index 98f990e3f57a..79a420f76282 100644 --- a/docs/build-protocol-index.html +++ b/docs/build-protocol-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

Protocol & Parachain Development

Learn how to get started with building parachains, solo-chains, and other aspects of protocol development.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-protocol-info.html b/docs/build-protocol-info.html index f4ccae0bc171..4f0577d145a5 100644 --- a/docs/build-protocol-info.html +++ b/docs/build-protocol-info.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ to cancel a runtime upgrade. Using a finalized depth of ten blocks should be safe.

Note that block production and finality are isolated processes in Polkadot, and the chain can have a long unfinalized head.

Do users need to interact with any smart contracts?

No, users interact directly with the chain's logic.

Does Polkadot have state rent?

No, Polkadot uses the existential deposit to prevent dust accounts and other economic mechanisms like locking or reserving tokens for operations that utilize state.

What is an external source to see the current chain height?

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-smart-contracts.html b/docs/build-smart-contracts.html index 7488843273f9..51e99077c799 100644 --- a/docs/build-smart-contracts.html +++ b/docs/build-smart-contracts.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ Substrate and Polkadot StackExchange to ask their questions. As always, keep up to date with Polkadot and Kusama by following the social channels.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-storage.html b/docs/build-storage.html index 94f8ce8e0561..a4a53e446f4c 100644 --- a/docs/build-storage.html +++ b/docs/build-storage.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ directory info will not be visible if you switch to a new browser or clear the browser cache. The storage module allows you to export file directory info from the current browser and import it to the new browser.

manage file dir

note

These above images are taken from this pull request

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-tools-index.html b/docs/build-tools-index.html index 6112faabe698..d2374b3c9b01 100644 --- a/docs/build-tools-index.html +++ b/docs/build-tools-index.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Squid Archive Registry
  • Polka-store - A tool which scans a Substrate chain and stores balance-relevant transactions in an SQLite database.
  • Substrate-graph - A compact indexer for Substrate based nodes providing a GraphQL interface.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-transaction-construction.html b/docs/build-transaction-construction.html index eb96194ce175..34bcf13fadec 100644 --- a/docs/build-transaction-construction.html +++ b/docs/build-transaction-construction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ author_submitAndWatchExtrinsic, the latter of which will subscribe you to events to be notified as a transaction gets validated and included in the chain.

    Notes​

    Some addresses to use in the examples. See Subkey documentation.

    $ subkey --network polkadot generate
    Secret phrase `pulp gaze fuel ... mercy inherit equal` is account:
      Secret seed:      0x57450b3e09ba4598 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 219756eeba80bb16
      Public key (hex): 0x2ca17d26ca376087dc30ed52deb74bf0f64aca96fe78b05ec3e720a72adb1235
      Account ID:       0x2ca17d26ca376087dc30ed52deb74bf0f64aca96fe78b05ec3e720a72adb1235
      SS58 Address:     121X5bEgTZcGQx5NZjwuTjqqKoiG8B2wEAvrUFjuw24ZGZf2

    $ subkey --network polkadot generate
    Secret phrase `exercise auction soft ... obey control easily` is account:
      Secret seed:      0x5f4bbb9fbb69261a ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 4691ed7d1130fbbd
      Public key (hex): 0xda04de6cd781c98acf0693dfb97c11011938ad22fcc476ed0089ac5aec3fe243
      Account ID:       0xda04de6cd781c98acf0693dfb97c11011938ad22fcc476ed0089ac5aec3fe243
      SS58 Address:     15vrtLsCQFG3qRYUcaEeeEih4JwepocNJHkpsrqojqnZPc2y
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/community-index.html b/docs/community-index.html index f502b07f640a..19785a7f2c2d 100644 --- a/docs/community-index.html +++ b/docs/community-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Community & Contributors

    Learn about how to participate in the Polkadot community and how to contribute to the Polkadot Wiki.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/community.html b/docs/community.html index 2c5da2336cde..e2fea398c862 100644 --- a/docs/community.html +++ b/docs/community.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Discover thriving communities and participate in engaging campaigns.
  • DotAppStore - Discover featured projects and apps upvoted by the Polkadot community.
  • Awesome Dot - community curated resources, projects, and learning material about the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/contributing.html b/docs/contributing.html index dbcd122d3c85..13298d8ebbe1 100644 --- a/docs/contributing.html +++ b/docs/contributing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ your local copy with npx lint-staged, but for simplicity we also have a bot which runs this for us in your PRs.

    Heritage​

    This document is based on the Level contribution guidelines.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/contributors.html b/docs/contributors.html index 51de884c70b7..66511cfbb2be 100644 --- a/docs/contributors.html +++ b/docs/contributors.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ for the Polkadot protocol. He contributed in creating written content and example applications that demonstrate how to use these new technologies.

    You can now find Logan leading efforts to define the prediction market space at Zeitgeist.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/dashboards-index.html b/docs/dashboards-index.html index b976175a337f..b1260aadd019 100644 --- a/docs/dashboards-index.html +++ b/docs/dashboards-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Dashboards

    Explore the different dashboards in the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/decentralized-futures.html b/docs/decentralized-futures.html index c33fa1863cfe..7b126cb41b41 100644 --- a/docs/decentralized-futures.html +++ b/docs/decentralized-futures.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ utilized, with granularity increasing proportionally with the amount sought. This meticulous approach ensures transparency and accountability in the allocation of resources.
  • A demonstrated willingness to receive a more significant portion of the value in long-term DOT rather than immediate FIAT, aligning with the broader ecosystem's goals.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/decentralized-voices.html b/docs/decentralized-voices.html index 30d0588c9062..313c07e87194 100644 --- a/docs/decentralized-voices.html +++ b/docs/decentralized-voices.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ dedicated community members to shape the future of the Polkadot ecosystem. For more detailed information, see the original Medium article.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/dev-heroes.html b/docs/dev-heroes.html index 17194c04a508..1335f8c6b098 100644 --- a/docs/dev-heroes.html +++ b/docs/dev-heroes.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ open source technology stack list and contribute with a pull request, an issue, or find and fix bugs.

  • Create content: Write a blog post, record a video tutorial, and write a Twitter thread. Share about your latest coding success, something you learned and are excited about.

  • Speak at events: Do a workshop or talk at meetups and conferences.

    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/explore-index.html b/docs/explore-index.html index d62c1e309baa..f3dd1c3bf76a 100644 --- a/docs/explore-index.html +++ b/docs/explore-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Explore

    Explore Wallets, Apps and Programs in Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/faq.html b/docs/faq.html index ee3b55ac630a..7c173a170869 100644 --- a/docs/faq.html +++ b/docs/faq.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ fee calculation page in the Substrate documentation for more detailed information.

    Answered by Gav series​

    The "Answered by Gav" series is a collection of posts uploaded to Reddit of questions that have been asked in the Polkadot Watercooler Riot channel and answered by Polkadot founder Gavin Wood.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/general-index.html b/docs/general-index.html index 2d1d452bc3cd..8fd9e30bfda3 100644 --- a/docs/general-index.html +++ b/docs/general-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    General

    General Information to get started with Polkadot and Web3.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/getting-started.html b/docs/getting-started.html index 9b127974ce01..b74004827e00 100644 --- a/docs/getting-started.html +++ b/docs/getting-started.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ about Polkadot.
  • Sample Applications - Sample applications that are built on or currently being built for Polkadot.
  • Contributing Guide - Rules for contributing to the wiki.
  • Polkadot Knowledge Base - Troubleshooting resources for specific errors and problems.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/glossary.html b/docs/glossary.html index ed4efdcf4a26..9d48f3dc1c89 100644 --- a/docs/glossary.html +++ b/docs/glossary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ not relevant for parachain developers.

    Witness​

    Cryptographic proof statements of data validity.

    Whitelist Pallet​

    Allows one Origin to escalate the privilege level of another Origin for a certain operation. In terms of OpenGov, it allows the Fellowship to authorise a new origin (which we will call Whitelisted-Root) to be executed with Root-level privileges.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/governance-apps.html b/docs/governance-apps.html index a467904328df..7fcb3def1dd6 100644 --- a/docs/governance-apps.html +++ b/docs/governance-apps.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ this support guide..

    If you become a nomination pool member or a pool admin, you cannot participate in Governance with the bonded tokens in the pool, as they are held in a system account.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/grants.html b/docs/grants.html index e404769ab833..1cde313986c9 100644 --- a/docs/grants.html +++ b/docs/grants.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Treasury or receive a tip for doing something cool in the community.

    Other Grant Programs​

    Below is a list of other grant programs in the Polkadot/Substrate ecosystem.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/how-to-dyor.html b/docs/how-to-dyor.html index 08d201c62ed0..3a1a33cc869b 100644 --- a/docs/how-to-dyor.html +++ b/docs/how-to-dyor.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ aims to bring to the ecosystem.

    This does not fall under fact-checking and verifying claims, but it is important to mention: fully understanding what something does and its prospective impact is an integral part of making an informed decision, so do not overlook it.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-adversarial-cheatsheet.html b/docs/kusama-adversarial-cheatsheet.html index 0b591fd25711..33b26b18e6c5 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-adversarial-cheatsheet.html +++ b/docs/kusama-adversarial-cheatsheet.html @@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ - +

    Adversarial Cheatsheet

    Expect things to break on Kusama. To help you break some things, take a look at the following threat model.

    Hacker wants to …Security promise that should prevent the hackHacking IncentiveHacking DamageHacking value details
    Double spend tokens via getting the clients to accept a different chainIntegrity (System-wide)HighHighIf attackers are able to double spend tokens, they are able to get services without paying for them. This gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack.
    Cause system to mint tokens to his own accountIntegrity (System-wide) MediumLow - MediumIf an attacker is able to craft transactions that mint tokens to their account, then this provides a high monetary incentive to execute this attack.
    Validate malicious blocks to double spend tokensAvailability (System-wide) HighMediumIf an attacker is able to double spend tokens, they are able to get services without paying for them. This gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack.
    Undermine consensus mechanism to split chainIntegrity (System-wide)HighHigh"If an attacker is able to double spend tokens, they are able to get services without paying for them. This gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack. Betting on decrease in value of the cryptocurrency or competitors want to damage the reputation, so that the value of their blockchain increases.
    Tamper/manipulate blockchain history to invalidate transactions (e.g. a voting result)Integrity (System-wide)MediumMedium - HighAttacker can rollback undesired transactions by intentionally invalidating the block where transaction has happened. Attacker can force a governance decision (or even an on-chain update) that favors them.
    Undermine blockchain or consensus mechanism to damage the ecosystem's reputationAvailability (System-wide)HighHighBetting on decrease in value of the cryptocurrency or competitors want to damage the reputation, so that the value of their blockchain increases
    CensorshipAvailability (System-wide)MediumHighHackers are able to block undesirable types of transactions (e.g. industry competitor transactions or referendum votes). This could be achieved by colluding with other stakeholders or by otherwise obtaining more voting power.
    Deanonymize usersConfidentiality (Node)MediumMediumParties that want to de-anonymize users can use the information to oppress the opposition (e.g. political activists).
    Steal token from nodeIntegrity (Node)HighHighAttackers that are able to steal tokens from nodes can claim assets for themselves, which gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack.
    Steal token from node by leaking credentialsConfidentiality (Node)HighHighAttackers that are able to steal tokens from nodes can claim assets for themselves, which gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack.
    Prevent node from accessing the Polkadot networkAvailability (Node)LowLow - MediumRun a targeted denial-of-service attack out of revenge, monetary interests (in case of a competing coin exchange, etc.).
    Defraud other participantsIntegrity (Node)MediumLow - MediumAttacker can abuse other participants’ misunderstanding of Polkadot's security guarantees to defraud them. Also, if the reward for calling out bad behavior can be set up so that it is higher than the according punishment, a set of self-handled nodes can be set up to generate a source cycle. Other participants are not needed for this attack.
    Defraud other participantsIntegrity (System-wide)HighHighAn attacker could abuse bugs in Polkadot's economic system to defraud other participants. For example, an attacker could exploit a logic bug to not pay transaction fees.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-bug-bounty.html b/docs/kusama-bug-bounty.html index c5d68ff5d183..ccbe69c12767 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-bug-bounty.html +++ b/docs/kusama-bug-bounty.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ not to be disruptive or harmful to our users or us. Otherwise, your actions might be interpreted as an attack rather than an effort to be helpful.

    How to report a bug​

    Please follow the instructions at web3.foundation/security-report/.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-claims.html b/docs/kusama-claims.html index 9d3674e35dd3..188ed9d5f235 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-claims.html +++ b/docs/kusama-claims.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ Polkadot Support page.

    Third Party Claims Processes​

    We do not recommend using a third-party app or process to perform your claim or acquire KSM.

    Claiming using a third-party process can lead to the loss of your allocation; therefore, we cannot recommend using any third-party apps to do so. Manually specifying your transaction data, as specified in our claims process, is the only way to be certain you will receive your allocation.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-coc.html b/docs/kusama-coc.html index c978c5074636..24ccb57965f7 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-coc.html +++ b/docs/kusama-coc.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ on feedback from the Kusama participants and/or the Polkadot community.

    Bugs​

    Please understand that this network is, despite its success, an experiment with potential flaws, so it’s appreciated that community members help report any sort of exploits directly to the team before sharing publicly. Please see the bug bounty program.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-community.html b/docs/kusama-community.html index 933b97a1159c..e7ee14a9a6ff 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-community.html +++ b/docs/kusama-community.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ for technical questions on building with Substrate.
  • Smart Contracts & Parity Ink! - A room to discuss developing Substrate smart contracts using Parity Ink!

    • Social​

    Blogs and tutorials​

    Newsletters​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-getting-started.html b/docs/kusama-getting-started.html index cf71af775c63..ffd715293b1e 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-getting-started.html +++ b/docs/kusama-getting-started.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ here.

    While Kusama does not support smart contracts natively, building apps on it is still possible (e.g. RMRK.app). If you're interested in diving deeper into proper development, however, check out the builders guide.

    Additional Resources:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-index.html b/docs/kusama-index.html index 957a961c4585..f6184ef78725 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-index.html +++ b/docs/kusama-index.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@

    Kusama

    Polkadot's Canary Network​

    Kusama is a canary network for Polkadot; an earlier release of the code that is available first and holds real economic value. For developers, Kusama is a proving ground for runtime upgrades, on-chain governance, and parachains.

    No Promises.

    Kusama has a dedicated Wiki guide. Click on the image below to access it.

    guide
    Kusama Guide
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-parameters.html b/docs/kusama-parameters.html index 7c5d47775832..86178ba5169b 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-parameters.html +++ b/docs/kusama-parameters.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ redirected into the Society's treasury to fund growth.

    Precision​

    KSM have 12 decimals of precision. In other words, 1e12 (1_000_000_000_000, or one trillion) Plancks make up a single KSM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-social-recovery.html b/docs/kusama-social-recovery.html index df45032d8704..741e26accd74 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-social-recovery.html +++ b/docs/kusama-social-recovery.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ That is by using the Root origin. However, in order to use root permissions, you will need to either go through governance.

    Further Reading​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-timeline.html b/docs/kusama-timeline.html index b53130a32ad3..9223852224ef 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-timeline.html +++ b/docs/kusama-timeline.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ forkless upgradability provided by Substrate, chaos continues, and in the spirit of chaos, more teams are eager to deploy on Kusama. The path of Kusama deployment has paved the way to Polkadot's parachains as the technology became proven.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-DOT.html b/docs/learn-DOT.html index 80012d964170..81b2e9ffe3a7 100644 --- a/docs/learn-DOT.html +++ b/docs/learn-DOT.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ market.

    Polkadot Mainnet DOT​

    Polkadot Mainnet DOT are not freely given away. If you purchased DOT in the original 2017 offering, you may claim them via the Polkadot claims process. Alternatively, they are available on the open market.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-account-abstraction.html b/docs/learn-account-abstraction.html index bf69e0dd89b7..57a4e8b33f29 100644 --- a/docs/learn-account-abstraction.html +++ b/docs/learn-account-abstraction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Bader Youssef - "Abstracting Away Account Abstraction on Polkadot"
  • Parity Blog Post by Joe Petrowski - "Building a Hot Wallet with Substrate Primitives"
  • FRAME Origin - Polkadot-SDK Docs
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-account-advanced.html b/docs/learn-account-advanced.html index 0dc46ee4db89..39c96cacff84 100644 --- a/docs/learn-account-advanced.html +++ b/docs/learn-account-advanced.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ directly in the browser on the new one.

    This has been tested on Brave and Chrome, but not other browsers.

    1. Go to Polkadot-JS Apps
    2. Go to JavaScript console on the browser (Available in Developer Tools)
    3. Type in the command:
    JSON.stringify(localStorage)
    1. Copy and paste the returned string to a text editor and save the file.
    2. Check that the string you pasted begins and ends with a tick mark ('). If not, add one to the beginning and end.
    3. Save and send that file with the copied string to the new computer.
    4. On the new computer, go to Polkadot-JS Apps
    5. Open the Javascript console on the browser (Available in Developer Tools)
    6. Set a variable raw equal to the string from the text file
    raw = ... copy-pasted json from original computer ...
    1. Run the following code on the console:
    accounts = JSON.parse(raw);
    for (var key in accounts) {
        if (accounts.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
            val = JSON.stringify(accounts[key]).replace(/\\/g,'').slice(1,-1);
            console.log(key + " -> " + val);
            localStorage.setItem(key, val);
        }
    }
    1. Refresh Polkadot-JS App browser and check the Accounts and Addresses pages. All of your accounts and addresses should now be available.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-account-multisig.html b/docs/learn-account-multisig.html index 17dbe3dc4a1c..2806efc70e10 100644 --- a/docs/learn-account-multisig.html +++ b/docs/learn-account-multisig.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ the entities designated as the recipients come together in a new multisig under a matching threshold, they will immediately have access to these tokens.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about multi-signature accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-accounts.html b/docs/learn-accounts.html index 6decfe8fd989..76609c67b05e 100644 --- a/docs/learn-accounts.html +++ b/docs/learn-accounts.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ The same applies to proxies. The idea is that those actions require some network memory usage that is not given for free. In the example, we created a governance proxy, and the reserved funds for this are 0.0668 KSM.
    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-advanced-index.html b/docs/learn-advanced-index.html index 64ead700d33d..41388d640f38 100644 --- a/docs/learn-advanced-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-advanced-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Advanced Concepts

    Advanced concepts to better understand Polkadot.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-agile-coretime-index.html b/docs/learn-agile-coretime-index.html index f02b69fbadc6..fb63b640da7e 100644 --- a/docs/learn-agile-coretime-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-agile-coretime-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Agile Coretime

    Concepts, Implementation and Tutorials on Agile Coretime.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-agile-coretime.html b/docs/learn-agile-coretime.html index f2f306c1ce68..2d6855de2aab 100644 --- a/docs/learn-agile-coretime.html +++ b/docs/learn-agile-coretime.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ timeslices.
  • Interlacing: the action of dividing a region into the execution of different tasks for each block of a timeslice. The result regions will have the same start and end timeslice as the parent region, but different tasks will be executed at different blocks.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-architecture.html b/docs/learn-architecture.html index 986102bd1d31..35d067ccf809 100644 --- a/docs/learn-architecture.html +++ b/docs/learn-architecture.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ They collect parachain transactions and produce state transition proofs for the validators on the Relay Chain. They can also send and receive messages from other parachains using XCMP.

    Parachain blocks themselves are produced by collators, whereas the relay chain validators only verify their validity (and later, their availability).

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-archive.html b/docs/learn-archive.html index ba76ef1a3699..422e75141938 100644 --- a/docs/learn-archive.html +++ b/docs/learn-archive.html @@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ - +

    Learn Archive


    This section contains archived pages. The content in them no longer applies to Polkadot but can still be relevant for parachains and related projects.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-asset-conversion-assethub.html b/docs/learn-asset-conversion-assethub.html index ea5a3455c53d..5cf27475b541 100644 --- a/docs/learn-asset-conversion-assethub.html +++ b/docs/learn-asset-conversion-assethub.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ experience bonuses here:

    • For the exchange/custodian, they only need to transact on one parachain and can access every other without any infrastructure lift.
    • For the user, they never actually need to “see” AssetHub. It’s entirely abstracted away behind either the parachain wallet/application or the exchange/custodian.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-assets-index.html b/docs/learn-assets-index.html index fddb24890257..1d17795cba2d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-assets-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-assets-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Tokens and Assets

    Everything about tokens and assets on Polkadot.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-assets.html b/docs/learn-assets.html index 9e14f302565f..3198c1d66a91 100644 --- a/docs/learn-assets.html +++ b/docs/learn-assets.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ create a 2-of-2 multisig from two pure proxies, and then set members from each group as proxies to those two accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-async-backing.html b/docs/learn-async-backing.html index 77a9990f3f15..fb85874cde48 100644 --- a/docs/learn-async-backing.html +++ b/docs/learn-async-backing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Asynchronous Backing (Shallow)
  • Chapter 6.15. from PBA lecture material: Asynchronous Backing (Deep)
  • Polkadot Blog Post - Asynchronous Backing: Elevating Polkadot's Performance and Scale
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-auction.html b/docs/learn-auction.html index fbe2cfa94b68..7094ce6b27e7 100644 --- a/docs/learn-auction.html +++ b/docs/learn-auction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ W3F research page on parachain allocation that goes more in depth to the mechanism
  • Research Update: The Case for Candle Auctions - W3F breakdown and research update about candle auctions
  • Front-Running, Smart Contracts, and Candle Auctions W3F Research team discusses how to remedy current blockchain auction setbacks with candle auctions
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-basics-index.html b/docs/learn-basics-index.html index 9d3e60dc7fa3..bd7319bd9ef8 100644 --- a/docs/learn-basics-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-basics-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Basic concepts about Polkadot

    Everything about staking, accounts, OpenGov, treasury, transactions, tokens and NFTs.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-bridge-hub.html b/docs/learn-bridge-hub.html index 41adbf254a84..ea9c9cd6ac16 100644 --- a/docs/learn-bridge-hub.html +++ b/docs/learn-bridge-hub.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ delivery confirmation relay. For more information on relayers and the Bridge Hub design, read through the high level documentation on bridges on the Polkadot-SDK repository.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-bridges.html b/docs/learn-bridges.html index 4058746fb1e3..cdee070ed464 100644 --- a/docs/learn-bridges.html +++ b/docs/learn-bridges.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Edgeware chain (a Substrate-based chain) - now defunct and not maintained, but a good example.
  • XCLAIM - XCLAIM is a framework for achieving trustless and efficient cross-chain exchanges using cryptocurrency-backed assets.
  • Celer cBridge - a bridge to transfer assets from Ethereum & Binance Smart Chain to the Astar Polkadot EVM.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-collator.html b/docs/learn-collator.html index 8d4e0eb6fec4..5a5343e002d1 100644 --- a/docs/learn-collator.html +++ b/docs/learn-collator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ information can be found under the Cumulus section on the build parachain page.

    Guides and Tools​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-avalanche.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-avalanche.html index 4852ab158e46..94d25ab2eac5 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-avalanche.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-avalanche.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ need a recommended minimum of 5 validators, which make the costs of launch predictable. Avalanche has plans to implement shared security, interoperability, composability and on-chain governance features which are already offered by Polkadot.

    References​

    1. The Avalanche Platform Whitepaper
    2. The Avalanche Consensus Whitepaper
    3. The AVAX Token Dynamics Paper
    4. Nakomoto vs Snow consensus
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-cosmos.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-cosmos.html index 62d4e0445869..b91b9047e2a0 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-cosmos.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-cosmos.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ receiving chain must trust the sending chain. Thus, each blockchain in the Cosmos network has its independent security mechanisms. Chains also have the option to share security with the Cosmos Hub and thereby leverage its economic security.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-ethereum-2.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-ethereum-2.html index 466341f229b8..7db802797f71 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-ethereum-2.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-ethereum-2.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ enacted autonomously via forkless upgrades.
  • Validator selection mechanisms differ as Polkadot can provide strong availability and validity guarantees with fewer validators per protocol.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-index.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-index.html index 7f9f336a620f..218a2373e53c 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot Comparisons

    Comparison between Polkadot and other Networks.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-kusama.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-kusama.html index edad46f18d6c..31955a4fc154 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-kusama.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-kusama.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ the future, we’re also likely to see Kusama bridged to Polkadot for cross-network interoperability. Web3 Foundation remains committed to both networks going forward, providing crucial support and guidance to teams building for the ecosystem.

    Explore more​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-rollups.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-rollups.html index 54a4eb014586..019ffe65f2eb 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-rollups.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-rollups.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ transition data.

    Despite these drawbacks, Polkadot remains upgradable through forkless upgrades, which allows the protocol to be easily upgradable to stay in line with future technological advances.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons.html b/docs/learn-comparisons.html index 5ce73994159a..5b7ba9ac3006 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Chain, and as the number of validators in the active set on Polkadot are increased, more parachains can be supported.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-components-index.html b/docs/learn-components-index.html index 65a3f2590234..0f19fb976abb 100644 --- a/docs/learn-components-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-components-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Components

    Key components of the Polkadot ecosystem.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-consensus.html b/docs/learn-consensus.html index c80938e601e3..1ccd17025415 100644 --- a/docs/learn-consensus.html +++ b/docs/learn-consensus.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ Bill Laboon.
  • Block Production and Finalization in Polkadot: Understanding the BABE and GRANDPA Protocols - An academic talk by Bill Laboon, given at MIT Cryptoeconomic Systems 2020, describing Polkadot's hybrid consensus model in-depth.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-crowdloans.html b/docs/learn-crowdloans.html index db769d7d433b..7dfebb844642 100644 --- a/docs/learn-crowdloans.html +++ b/docs/learn-crowdloans.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Apps page.

    Here is an example of the crowdloans in play during the very first Kusama auction.

    crowdloan dashboard

    Furthermore, check out this video on How to Participate in Crowdloans for steps on how to access available crowdloans on PolkadotJS apps.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-cryptography.html b/docs/learn-cryptography.html index 8a3d13ab0744..d386871661d7 100644 --- a/docs/learn-cryptography.html +++ b/docs/learn-cryptography.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ make passive attacks much harder if such a backdoor exists.

    However an alternative exists in the form of Curve25519. This algorithm has been proposed in 2006 by DJB [Curve25519]. Its main strengths are its speed, its constant-time run time (and resistance against side-channel attacks), and its lack of nebulous hard-coded constants.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-dot-ksm-bridge.html b/docs/learn-dot-ksm-bridge.html index 88f72394b9cd..6aa21a6c4596 100644 --- a/docs/learn-dot-ksm-bridge.html +++ b/docs/learn-dot-ksm-bridge.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ through Kusama OpenGov.

    For more information on relayer rewards, check the relayers compensation scheme section on the relayer docs on the Polkadot-SDK repository.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-elastic-scaling.html b/docs/learn-elastic-scaling.html index 185750b63868..b0641d081969 100644 --- a/docs/learn-elastic-scaling.html +++ b/docs/learn-elastic-scaling.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ parachain side, collators must produce more parablocks per unit of time, implying that technical specifications for collators will likely increase.

    For more advanced technical challenges, see the Elastic Scaling GitHub PR.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-future-implementations-index.html b/docs/learn-future-implementations-index.html index 47623d2dfc05..4a447bb688a0 100644 --- a/docs/learn-future-implementations-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-future-implementations-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Future Implementations

    Implementations that will be deployed on Polkadot.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-multisig.html b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-multisig.html index 3e75c770e3ce..38b7ab527d11 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-multisig.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-multisig.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Check the "How to use a multisig account" in the support docs on how to decode the multisig call data.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy-pure.html b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy-pure.html index f543691830dd..fb70f7f2465d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy-pure.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy-pure.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ address but does not impact the pure proxy address. In Scenario Two, if signatories behind the pure proxies change, the address of the multisig stays the same. However, changing the number of signatories and threshold would not be possible.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy.html b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy.html index be907239057c..21a5f55c22b7 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ automatically ask for Charly's signature. Thus one proxy call will trigger the second one because Charly's is the only any proxy of P-C, and P-C cannot sign anything. While if we want to use Bob's account we will need to submit all three proxy calls.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-accounts.html b/docs/learn-guides-accounts.html index 62925e39f2e1..e61f7f62f81c 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-accounts.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-accounts.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ encrypting/decrypting your wallet. If you cannot load a JSON file, please use the latest version of the wallet software. If you cannot load it, ensure that the wallet software uses the newest version of the Polkadot API.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-asset-conversion.html b/docs/learn-guides-asset-conversion.html index 05dd0b4b185b..8b4307413e73 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-asset-conversion.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-asset-conversion.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ do not spend more than a predetermined maximum amount of the initial asset to acquire the exact target amount of the second asset, providing a way to control the cost of the transaction while achieving the desired outcome.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-assets-create.html b/docs/learn-guides-assets-create.html index 42aa01bc913b..d21ff885f5ea 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-assets-create.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-assets-create.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ an ID that has already been taken. After all the details are entered, click on the next button.

    Add Asset Metadata

    • Choose the admin, issuer and the freezer accounts for your asset and click on the create button.

    Asset managing accounts

    • Sign and submit the transaction (If you like to verify the transaction details before signing, you can click on the dropdown button pointed by the arrow in the snapshot below).

    Sign asset creating transaction

    If the transaction is successful, you should see the asset and its details displayed in the Network > Assets page on the Asset Hub.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-assets-ledger.html b/docs/learn-guides-assets-ledger.html index 1c2f6b1def38..cc045f3a64ca 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-assets-ledger.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-assets-ledger.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ here.
  • Transfer the desired amount as described above. If you want to send exactly the amount you want to teleport, don't forget take into account the fees for teleporting that will be deducted in the next step.
  • Teleport your tokens following the instructions you will find here.

    • Teleporting to a Ledger account from a non-Ledger account doesn't require these extra steps.

    Support​

    If you need support, please visit the Polkadot Support page.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-assets.html b/docs/learn-guides-assets.html index 66c1e463cdd5..5ec2199a48e6 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-assets.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-assets.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Polkadot-JS UI, you can contact the Polkadot Support Team. For more user-friendly tools see the wallets, apps and dashboard pages.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-bounties.html b/docs/learn-guides-bounties.html index ca2af1fdc58c..ecdc41c2516f 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-bounties.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-bounties.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ delay elapsed, follow the guidelines in the video tutorial below to learn how to claim a child bounty reward. Note that the extrinsic to claim the child bounty reward is permissionless, and anyone can initiate the claim on behalf of the beneficiary.

    Claim Child Bounty Reward

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-bridges.html b/docs/learn-guides-bridges.html index bf198a9518b5..02e485e38a6f 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-bridges.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-bridges.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Bridge Hub Guides

    Guides and Tutorials for Trustless Bridges on Bridge Hub

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-coretime-marketplaces.html b/docs/learn-guides-coretime-marketplaces.html index 406ac4a7333b..ffe03f5f4246 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-coretime-marketplaces.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-coretime-marketplaces.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Wallet and Polkadot-JS Extension. Select the account to be used for the coretime purchase and then, click on "buy core" button to sign and broadcast the transaction.

    Lastic-purchase-bulk-coretime

    Managing Cores with Lastic​

    Lastic enables you to transfer your core to another account, utilize it for a parachain, split it up, change block production frequency, or assign it to a task.

    Lastic-manage-core

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-coretime-parachains.html b/docs/learn-guides-coretime-parachains.html index 16687d12dbfe..acd014975d72 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-coretime-parachains.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-coretime-parachains.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ through successfully.

    coretime-ondemand-assignment

    With each successful on-demand extrinsic, the parachain head changes (you may have to zoom out on the browser for parachain head details to show up on Polkadot-JS UI).

    coretime-ondemand-parahead

    The successful collation can also be verified in the parachain collator logs. It can be noticed that with each parachain block, the state of adder-collator is incremented by 2.

    coretime-new-collation

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-dot-ksm-bridge.html b/docs/learn-guides-dot-ksm-bridge.html index 1e5441485ef0..0acc8e526741 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-dot-ksm-bridge.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-dot-ksm-bridge.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ reached the maximum limit of different assets it can hold. Without this sanity step, you risk that the bridged assets will make their way to the destination chain but will not be accepted by your account, and instead get trapped in the Asset Trap on the destination chain.

    Once arbitrary asset transfers are enabled by the Asset Hubs, a guide will be posted to this Wiki page.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-identity.html b/docs/learn-guides-identity.html index 1162d9a2fb42..48b586243321 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-identity.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-identity.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ minimumDeposit.

    Submitting a proposal

    At this point, DOT holders can endorse the motion. With enough endorsements, the motion will become a referendum, which is then voted on. If it passes, users will be able to request judgement from this registrar.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-ledger.html b/docs/learn-guides-ledger.html index 258594a1c848..a3946671d7f0 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-ledger.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-ledger.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ Nano S and the Ledger Nano X, some extrinsics are not supported by the light version. The following repository by Zondax lists the currently supported extrinsics on the XL version of the Ledger app.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-nominator.html b/docs/learn-guides-nominator.html index be3f21d3c785..847ac221383c 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-nominator.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-nominator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Subscan. Also, you can verify the bonding state under the Staking page on the Polkadot-JS UI.

    Step 3: Nominate a validator​

    To nominate a validator, you can execute the following command:

    polkadot-js-api --seed "MNEMONIC_PHRASE" tx.staking.nominate '["VALIDATOR_ADDRESS"]' --ws WS_ENDPOINT
    polkadot-js-api --seed "xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx" tx.staking.nominate '["CmD9vaMYoiKe7HiFnfkftwvhKbxN9bhyjcDrfFRGbifJEG8","E457XaKbj2yTB2URy8N4UuzmyuFRkcdxYs67UvSgVr7HyFb"]' --ws wss://kusama-rpc.polkadot.io

    After a few seconds, you should see the hash of the transaction, and if you would like to verify the nomination status, you can check that on the Polkadot-JS UI as well.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov.html b/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov.html index 715a2342c320..20d3499d17dc 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ a decimal integer. The bitfield stores both the conviction and aye/nay boolean, where the boolean is represented using the MSB of the byte. This would mean that the seven remaining bits are grouped to store the conviction.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-staking-pools.html b/docs/learn-guides-staking-pools.html index 99d4d798e362..f7c1146fe6ef 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-staking-pools.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-staking-pools.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Polkadot-JS UI Extrinsic Tab and issue the following extrisics:

    • nominationPools.claimPayoutOthers extrinsic specifying ALICE's account. This will claim the rewards as a free balance on ALICE's account.

    pools-payoutOthers

    • nominationPools.bondExtraOthers extrinsic specifying ALICE's account and the option to bond:
      • the free balance currently available in ALICE's account (FreeBalance) or
      • the pool rewards (Rewards) unclaimed by ALICE.

    pools-bondExtraOthers

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-staking.html b/docs/learn-guides-staking.html index b16a97802982..0e28321fca1a 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-staking.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-staking.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Polkadot-JS UI, you can contact the Polkadot Support Team. For more user-friendly tools see the wallets, apps and dashboard pages.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-transfers.html b/docs/learn-guides-transfers.html index 79a6865ccd61..dfc0f8f842c8 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-transfers.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-transfers.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ probably not the reason for your tokens having existing references.

    Existing Non-Native Assets​

    Currently, Polkadot does not use the Assets Pallet, so this is probably not the reason for your tokens having existing references.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-treasury.html b/docs/learn-guides-treasury.html index e03baa3fb086..151e3165d6d4 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-treasury.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-treasury.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ -day timeout
  • Once the referendum ends you can claim the preimage and decision deposits back
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-vault.html b/docs/learn-guides-vault.html index 5fdb239cd9ed..423d95ced085 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-vault.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-vault.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ chain and version is the version of the metadata.

    Add the renamed files to the /public/qr folder within the Metadata Portal repository.

    Run Portal​

    Open the terminal within the Metadata Portal repository and run make updater. Then run make collector; this will create the _latest.apng files for each of the chains (removed by the command make cleaner). Finally, run yarn start to load the metadata portal on your localhost.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-hyperbridge.html b/docs/learn-hyperbridge.html index 6995ab708fca..8dde151881c9 100644 --- a/docs/learn-hyperbridge.html +++ b/docs/learn-hyperbridge.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ repository of hyperbridge.
  • Interoperable State Machine Protocol (ISMP) Book - Guidebook of the ISMP
  • The Puzzle of Blockchain Interoperability
  • RFC-1: Agile Coretime - Agile periodic-sale-based model for assigning Coretime on the Polkadot Ubiquitous Computer.
  • ISMP, The Endgame for Parachain Interoperability | Sub0 2023
  • Research Summary: PlonK: Permutations over Lagrange-bases for Oecumenical Noninteractive arguments of Knowledge
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-identity.html b/docs/learn-identity.html index 1584eede0a0f..548ee81c7432 100644 --- a/docs/learn-identity.html +++ b/docs/learn-identity.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ is required for every sub-account.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about account identity.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-implementations.html b/docs/learn-implementations.html index 9db6d50b5310..dad67e46efc5 100644 --- a/docs/learn-implementations.html +++ b/docs/learn-implementations.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ collection of tools, interfaces, and libraries for Polkadot and Substrate.

    Other implementations that have received grants​

    While the ecosystem continues to grow rapidly, the continued development of alternative implementations will only make Polkadot stronger. Consider becoming a contributor to the ecosystem, and learn about the how you can receive a grant for your development.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-index.html b/docs/learn-index.html index 4c6a1c39f2a4..4a933c0f9a17 100644 --- a/docs/learn-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Learn about Polkadot

    Learn about the technology behind the Polkadot ecosystem, and the tools you can use to become a participant of Web3.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-inflation.html b/docs/learn-inflation.html index 9f992aef4049..fe9b3de8810c 100644 --- a/docs/learn-inflation.html +++ b/docs/learn-inflation.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ incentivizing them to stake more tokens on the network. On the contrary, staking rewards drop if staked tokens exceed the ideal staking rate. This results from the change in the percentage of staking rewards that go to the Treasury.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-jam-chain.html b/docs/learn-jam-chain.html index 541d9d162218..12d0babc8363 100644 --- a/docs/learn-jam-chain.html +++ b/docs/learn-jam-chain.html @@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ - +
    -

    Polkadot's JAM Chain

    note

    JAM paper is available at graypaper.com and the information regarding JAM +

    Polkadot's JAM Chain

    info

    JAM paper is available at graypaper.com and the information regarding JAM prize is available at jam.web3.foundation.

    JAM, short for Join-Accumulate Machine, represents a prospective design to succeed the relay chain. Its name originates from CoreJAM, denoting Collect Refine Join Accumulate, which outlines the computation model the machine embodies and that was @@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ information transfer between parachains, typically facilitated by Cross-Chain Messages (XCM).

    Regarding Agile Coretime, JAM retains compatibility with existing setups. However, it introduces the capability to target coretime not only at parachains but also at arbitrary sets of work packages. This flexibility enhances the versatility and efficiency of resource allocation within the JAM -ecosystem.

    - +ecosystem.

    + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nft-pallets.html b/docs/learn-nft-pallets.html index 14bac75f0bb7..b71add313bd0 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nft-pallets.html +++ b/docs/learn-nft-pallets.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ balance-keeping chain for both fungible and non-fungibles.

    These NFTs can be viewed and interacted with on RMRK's Singular platform, by switching the top right menu from Kusama to the Asset Hub.

    nft-hub

    They can also be interacted with directly through the extrinsics tab of the Asset Hub:

    uniques.png

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nft-projects.html b/docs/learn-nft-projects.html index 1f0ae36cd6b1..d040b61d1547 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nft-projects.html +++ b/docs/learn-nft-projects.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ on, rather than entering the NFT space themselves as an end-product.

    Unique Network aims to make their marketplace technology open-source and whitelabel-friendly. In theory, it should be trivial to set up a new marketplace for your project using Unique's technology. Unique network aims to be a parachain on Polkadot, and Quartz is their Kusama counterpart.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nft.html b/docs/learn-nft.html index b392a671af78..702e42e08e8c 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nft.html +++ b/docs/learn-nft.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ RMRK hackathon for porting RMRK NFTs into simplified IOUs on EVM chains

    References​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nomination-pools.html b/docs/learn-nomination-pools.html index dec51d9f5d31..477c7e175196 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nomination-pools.html +++ b/docs/learn-nomination-pools.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ in the nomination pools and earn staking rewards. For additional information, see this blog post. Check the wiki doc on nomination pools for more information.

    NominatingJoining a Pool
    Minimum 250 DOT to nominate.Minimum 1 DOT to be a member.
    Rewards can be compounded automatically or sent to any account.Rewards can be manually claimed to the pool member's account and be bonded in the pool again to compound them.
    If the active validator gets slashed, all active nominators are subjected to slashing, also those that do not receive rewards due to the oversubscription issue.If the active validator gets slashed, all pool members are subjected to slashing.
    Can bond and stake DOT indefinitely.Can bond and stake DOT until the pool exists.
    Unbonding period of 28 days. Can switch validators without unbonding.Unbonding period of 28 days. Need to unbond before switching to a different pool.
    Maximum uncapped.Maximum uncapped.
    Should bond more than the minimum active nomination in an era to be eligible to earn staking rewards, although it can depend on multiple other factors outlined in the linked document.A nomination pool earns rewards in an era if it satisfies all the conditions mentioned for the nominator (as the nomination pool is just a nominator from the NPoS system perspective).
    Staked tokens can be used for participation in Governance.Staked tokens cannot be used for participation in Governance.
    Rewards payout can be triggered permissionlessly by anyone (typically done by the validator).A pool member can self claim the rewards or can grant permission to any other account to claim and compound rewards on your behalf. See Claim Permissions.
    Bonded funds remain in your account.Bonded funds are transferred to a pool account which is administered by the network protocol and is not accessible to anyone else. See System Accounts for more information.
    Nominator manages the list of staked validators (up to 16).Nominations managed by the pool operator.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nominator.html b/docs/learn-nominator.html index 2c373fc14109..af13f2e24b41 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nominator.html +++ b/docs/learn-nominator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ Polkadot JS Apps > Network > Staking > Targets page.

    Minimum Active Nomination

    Guides​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parachains-faq.html b/docs/learn-parachains-faq.html index 444a651f41d6..7d0cbe7b056d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parachains-faq.html +++ b/docs/learn-parachains-faq.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ initiate an auction, however, Root origin (via referendum) is needed to cancel an auction. Here is a proposal that gives a glimpse of what goes into planning auctions schedule - Proposed Polkadot Auction Schedule 2022.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parachains-index.html b/docs/learn-parachains-index.html index 8e7dce27a5a7..d914ec7e7785 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parachains-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-parachains-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot's Parachains

    Everything about Polkadot's Parachains.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parachains-protocol.html b/docs/learn-parachains-protocol.html index a81ca359365a..40f50d645805 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parachains-protocol.html +++ b/docs/learn-parachains-protocol.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ Parity analyst Joe Petrowski expounds on the validity checks that a parachain block must pass in order to progress the parachain.
  • Availability and Validity - Paper by the W3F Research Team that specifies the availability and validity protocol in detail.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parachains.html b/docs/learn-parachains.html index 5211168bf655..3801af2a0219 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parachains.html +++ b/docs/learn-parachains.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ its own. The Relay Chain provides security to attached parachains, but also provides a guarantee of secure message-passing between them."
  • The Path of a Parachain Block - A technical walk-through of how parachains interact with the Relay Chain.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parathreads.html b/docs/learn-parathreads.html index 0e3fe288a0f2..504ad37fb73e 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parathreads.html +++ b/docs/learn-parathreads.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ produce new blocks when they need to.

    Parathreads help ease the sharp stop of the parachain slot term by allowing parachains that are still doing something useful to produce blocks, even if it is no longer economically viable to rent a parachain slot.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-participants-index.html b/docs/learn-participants-index.html index b82126435e5d..29e20660e1ac 100644 --- a/docs/learn-participants-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-participants-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Participants in the Polkadot Ecosystem

    Learn about collators, nominators and validators.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-phragmen.html b/docs/learn-phragmen.html index 20ee2982671f..00b61edbc228 100644 --- a/docs/learn-phragmen.html +++ b/docs/learn-phragmen.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ This paper by Brill et al. is the source for the simple Phragmén method, along with proofs about its properties.
  • Offline Phragmén - Script to generate the Phragmén validator election outcome before the start of an era.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-host.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-host.html index 276e10259a0d..a2f4964264c4 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-host.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-host.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Host is referred to as the Executor. For additional technical implementation details, check out this section of the Polkadot Spec.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-js-guides.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-js-guides.html index a736171d59ed..bfbe909c751d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-js-guides.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-js-guides.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Ledger and Polkadot Vault for signing transactions. We do not provide support for third party applications.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-index.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-index.html index 855ce03a45fd..477ca1daaed1 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot OpenGov

    Everything about Polkadot OpenGov.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins.html index 5391ee36b577..d36368f7e80d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@

    Big Spender​

    Origin able to spend up to 1000000 DOT from the treasury at once.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-treasury.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-treasury.html index c572d6cd391d..983b560a6242 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-treasury.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-treasury.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ allocation of funds and as part of a nested iteration of the bounty mechanism.

    Child Bounties​

    Child bounties are spawned from parent bounties. Child bounties are used to access funds directly from the parent bounty without going through an OpenGov referendum.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about bounties and treasury.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov.html index 8b783389c766..3239094d024d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ Delegating Voting Power section on the Polkadot OpenGov Guides.

    Resources​

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about OpenGov.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-technical-fellowship.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-technical-fellowship.html index 76c7954d9e42..645c33f2a34f 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-technical-fellowship.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-technical-fellowship.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Promotion of the Polkadot Fellowship members from rank 5 needs to be done through an OpenGov referendum. For more information, check the rank updates section on the fellowship dasboard.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadotjs.html b/docs/learn-polkadotjs.html index 5cbe6b32bc45..358d1e175899 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadotjs.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadotjs.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Polkadot-JS UI, you can contact the Polkadot Support Team. For more user-friendly tools see the wallets, apps and dashboard pages.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-proxies-pure.html b/docs/learn-proxies-pure.html index b779067c4740..b5535471b604 100644 --- a/docs/learn-proxies-pure.html +++ b/docs/learn-proxies-pure.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ corporate-level management where the chance of replacing someone within a multisig can be high. Pure proxies allow keeping the same multisig when the signatories change.
    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about pure proxy accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-proxies.html b/docs/learn-proxies.html index 246b498eb0b2..76fc93aaf27d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-proxies.html +++ b/docs/learn-proxies.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about proxy accounts. You can find information about creating and removing proxies, and more.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-runtime-upgrades.html b/docs/learn-runtime-upgrades.html index d203c2ce9730..3989fdab52bd 100644 --- a/docs/learn-runtime-upgrades.html +++ b/docs/learn-runtime-upgrades.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ will be enacted.
  • referenda (Rejected) indicates that index's referendum has been rejected and will not be enacted.
  • When the runtime upgrades, there will be a system(CodeUpdated) event confirming the execution of the runtime upgrade.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-sassafras.html b/docs/learn-sassafras.html index bf5ce7e62b73..eb3eea0d1871 100644 --- a/docs/learn-sassafras.html +++ b/docs/learn-sassafras.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ with time-constant intervals. The protocol utilizes zk-SNARKs to construct a ring-VRF and is a work in progress.

    This page will be updated as progress ensues.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-scams.html b/docs/learn-scams.html index 6dd286f07f38..3e591f4440da 100644 --- a/docs/learn-scams.html +++ b/docs/learn-scams.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ for steps you should take to prevent further loss and contact Polkadot Support from the same page. Finally, make sure to read the present article carefully to learn how to avoid falling victim in the future.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-spree.html b/docs/learn-spree.html index 2bf3867d09af..599fa9f07e71 100644 --- a/docs/learn-spree.html +++ b/docs/learn-spree.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ instances, and the next state root of the instance. They do this validation by checking it against the validate function as provided by the SPREE module API. Collators are expected to be able to provide this information to progress their parachains.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-staking-advanced.html b/docs/learn-staking-advanced.html index 5e9741b04fa9..35e39aadd2d4 100644 --- a/docs/learn-staking-advanced.html +++ b/docs/learn-staking-advanced.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ which is a fixed amount.

    Further Resources​

    If you want to run a staking miner on your validator, refer to the repository provided in the resources section below.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-staking-index.html b/docs/learn-staking-index.html index 2b9de69d19d2..9e08c9e80aaa 100644 --- a/docs/learn-staking-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-staking-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Staking on Polkadot

    Mechanics of Staking on Polkadot.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-staking.html b/docs/learn-staking.html index 90e9cf07e23f..b11167f4da9f 100644 --- a/docs/learn-staking.html +++ b/docs/learn-staking.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ Blog post by Web3 Foundation researcher Alfonso Cevallos covering NPoS in Polkadot.
  • Validator setup
  • Polkadot validator selector tool - A tool that helps nominators find reliable validators that meet quality-control criteria, including commission rates, verified identity, etc.
    • Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about staking.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-system-chains.html b/docs/learn-system-chains.html index afa903fdc2fd..10e083f801aa 100644 --- a/docs/learn-system-chains.html +++ b/docs/learn-system-chains.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ isolation provided by parachains.

    See the Bridges page for information on the latest bridge projects. Currently, a Bridge Hub parachain is in development that will be a portal for trust-minimized bridges to other networks.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-teleport.html b/docs/learn-teleport.html index 8a7479695a1a..3f71087a90d9 100644 --- a/docs/learn-teleport.html +++ b/docs/learn-teleport.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ teleportation should result in the same circulating supply of the asset, and failing to uphold this condition will result in a change in the asset's total issuance (in the case of fungible tokens) or a complete loss/duplication of an NFT.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-transaction-fees.html b/docs/learn-transaction-fees.html index a1b82e97f11a..16718342647c 100644 --- a/docs/learn-transaction-fees.html +++ b/docs/learn-transaction-fees.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ to free storage (e.g. clear their IDE).
  • Burns: A transaction may burn funds internally based on its logic. For example, a transaction may burn funds from the sender if it creates new storage entries, thus increasing the state size.
  • Limits: Some limits are part of the protocol. For example, nominators can only nominate 16 validators. This limits the complexity of Phragmén.

    • Learn More​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-transactions.html b/docs/learn-transactions.html index a8d71b93b20a..be7045c06662 100644 --- a/docs/learn-transactions.html +++ b/docs/learn-transactions.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ the fee will go to the block producer, producers will include the transactions with the highest fees to maximize their reward.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about transfers.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-validator.html b/docs/learn-validator.html index b3f7cc00b4d6..22b8199dd54c 100644 --- a/docs/learn-validator.html +++ b/docs/learn-validator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ statistics.
  • YieldScan - Staking yield maximization platform, designed to minimize effort.
  • Subscan Validators Page - Displays information on the current validators - not as tailored for validators as the other sites.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-video-tutorials.html b/docs/learn-video-tutorials.html index 88df3d6912f5..ed395d158ed7 100644 --- a/docs/learn-video-tutorials.html +++ b/docs/learn-video-tutorials.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@

    Videos about Polkadot

    Visit the Polkadot YouTube Channel

    For more videos see all playlists on the Polkadot YouTube channel.

    Ongoing Series​

    Learn about Polkadot and Substrate at a deeper level with these ongoing deep dives, technical seminars, and initiatives within the ecosystem.

    Technical Explainers

    Polkadot Community Calls

    Past Events​

    ETH Denver 2024

    Substrate Seminars

    Polkadot Developer Heroes

    Polkadot Deep Dives

    Polkadot Decoded 2023

    Polkadot Blockchain Academy 2023

    Polkadot for Beginners

    ETH Denver 2023

    Encode Polkadot Club

    Sub0 2022

    Polkadot Decoded 2022

    Polkadot in Davos 2022

    Polkadot Webminars

    Hackathon North America

    Hackathon Global Series

    Polkadot Whiteboard Series

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-wasm.html b/docs/learn-wasm.html index dcafb4a0a1ea..9c5bac05c9ba 100644 --- a/docs/learn-wasm.html +++ b/docs/learn-wasm.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ spec.
  • Wasmi - WebAssembly interpreter written in Rust.
  • Parity Wasm - WebAssembly serialization/deserialization in Rust.
  • Wasm utils - Collection of Wasm utilities used in Parity and Wasm contract development.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-index.html b/docs/learn-xcm-index.html index a9136d84cd7d..39b61a0c0f85 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot's XCM

    Polkadot's Cross-Consensus Messaging Format (XCM).

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-instructions.html b/docs/learn-xcm-instructions.html index c69d1a2a932d..9a7b6d32b529 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-instructions.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-instructions.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ system and may not be transferred. It may only be unlocked with the receipt of the UnlockAsset instruction from this chain.

  • RequestUnlock(MultiAsset, MultiLocation) - Send an UnlockAsset instruction to the locker for the given asset.

    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-pallet.html b/docs/learn-xcm-pallet.html index bb617935441a..864bce58e84a 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-pallet.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-pallet.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ calculates the total fee based on the number of instructions.

    The Trader used to calculate the weight (time for computation in consensus) to include in the message. Fee calculation in XCM is highly configurable and, for this reason, subjective to whichever configuration is in place.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-transport.html b/docs/learn-xcm-transport.html index e0c8e7c7aa90..eaf22a57a989 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-transport.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-transport.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ asset transfer as intended.

    The collator now hands this block to the validator, which itself will verify that this message was processed. If the message was processed and all other aspects of the block are valid, the validator will include this block for parachain B into the Relay Chain.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-usecases.html b/docs/learn-xcm-usecases.html index a7f8761c0aaa..ecee1e6ba133 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-usecases.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-usecases.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ destination's sovereign account, and sends this instruction onwards to the destination. The destination receives the instruction and processes it, minting the derivative assets as a result of the process.

    1. DepositAsset

    The destination deposits the derivative assets minted to the receiving account.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm.html b/docs/learn-xcm.html index b1b65fb8275b..57c2900fb4dd 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Technical audit report by Quarkslab prepared for Parity.

  • XCM pallet code - The pallet that contains XCM logic from the Polkadot code repository

  • XCM Config & Pallet-XCM | Polkadot Deep Dives - A technical deep dive into pallet-xcm and the XCM configuration.

    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcvm.html b/docs/learn-xcvm.html index e8c09450c8bd..65dccf92153b 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcvm.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcvm.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ xcm-simulator, which allows developers to experiment with building, executing, and simulating various XCM use scenarios.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/learn-controller.html b/docs/learn/learn-controller.html index ff952d28a973..028ce9f4eb79 100644 --- a/docs/learn/learn-controller.html +++ b/docs/learn/learn-controller.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ used less often and usually signed by the stash.

    stash-not-as-controller

    From a practical perspective, there were two accounts, and we needed to remember two passwords. From a security perspective, the party who wanted to control our staking actions was required to control two accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/learn-governance.html b/docs/learn/learn-governance.html index 800416eb4bdc..4b10e3a099af 100644 --- a/docs/learn/learn-governance.html +++ b/docs/learn/learn-governance.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ proposals and referenda.

    * E.g. via pallets/democracy/storage/ReferendumInfoOf?key1=index&at=blockNumber on Sidecar.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/learn-launch.html b/docs/learn/learn-launch.html index f418146f6add..9d43e5c5c6e0 100644 --- a/docs/learn/learn-launch.html +++ b/docs/learn/learn-launch.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ block number 1_205_128 on August 18, 2020, at 16:39 UTC.

    Core Functionality​

    After five years of research and development and a multi-stage launch that began in May 2020, Polkadot launch was completed on December 18, 2021, with all auction-winning parachains producing blocks on the network.

    Check out these resources for further information:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/learn-redenomination.html b/docs/learn/learn-redenomination.html index d5302d34fb18..be60e9357388 100644 --- a/docs/learn/learn-redenomination.html +++ b/docs/learn/learn-redenomination.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Ecosystem Redenomination Guide for recommendations.

    Please reach out to support@polkadot.network if you need any assistance in making sure your software is compatible with the redenomination.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/learn-treasury.html b/docs/learn/learn-treasury.html index 47f16f6aa5dd..05e2581b1a1f 100644 --- a/docs/learn/learn-treasury.html +++ b/docs/learn/learn-treasury.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ taking place. The time delay then allows chain participants time to respond. The response may take the form of governance measures or - in the most extreme cases a liquidation of their holdings and a migration to a minority fork. However, the possibility of this scenario is quite low.

    Further Reading​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm.html b/docs/learn/xcm.html index afe8fc3e8956..e097b2c9bf23 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    XCM Documentation

    In-depth documentation about the Polkadot's Cross-Chain Messaging (XCM).

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/config-deep-dive.html b/docs/learn/xcm/config-deep-dive.html index 15b8544cc20e..28f6ff92e9b2 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/config-deep-dive.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/config-deep-dive.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ Statemine, or Trappist for examples of how to implement the xcm-executor config.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-fees.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-fees.html index 77d05125b51d..ec9beeca11ee 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-fees.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-fees.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ and charging execution fees.

    XCM pallet​

    FRAME pallets, like the XCM pallet, specify weights for each extrinsic they expose. That means that when interacting with pallets that deal with XCM, there will be an additional fee at the beginning for calling the extrinsic locally.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-multiasset.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-multiasset.html index 23753026c8a0..03a4ba7d17c7 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-multiasset.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-multiasset.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ MultiAssets and WildMultiAsset allowing either a wildcard or a list of definite (i.e. not wildcard) assets to be specified.

    pub enum MultiAssetFilter {
        /// Specify the filter as being everything contained by the given `MultiAssets` inner.
        Definite(MultiAssets),
        /// Specify the filter as the given `WildMultiAsset` wildcard.
        Wild(WildMultiAsset),
    }

    Examples​

    MultiAsset​

    For more information about the MultiLocations used to define concrete assets, see MultiLocation and Junction.

    // Location Relay Chain
    // 100 Native Asset (three ways)
    MultiAsset {id: Concrete(MultiLocation {parents: 0, interior: Here}), fun: Fungible(100u128)};
    MultiAsset {id: Here.into(), fun: 100.into()};
    let _: MultiAsset = (Here, 100u128).into();

    // 100 Parachain's Native Asset
    let _: MultiAsset = (X1(Parachain(1000)), 100u128).into();
    // 100 Fungible assets in Parachain 1000 with id 1234
    let _: MultiAsset = (X2(Parachain(1000), GeneralIndex(1234)), 100u128).into();
    // Non Fungible asset with asset class 1234 containing only one nft instance in Parachain 1000
    let _: MultiAsset = (X2(Parachain(1000), GeneralIndex(1234)), Undefined).into();
    // Non Fungible asset with asset class 1234 and AssetInstance 1 in Parachain 1000
    let _: MultiAsset = (X2(Parachain(1000), GeneralIndex(1234)), Index(1)).into();

    MultiAssetFilter​

    let a1: MultiAssets = MultiAssets::from(vec![MultiAsset {id: Here.into(), fun: 100u128.into()}]);
    let b1: MultiAssets = (Here, 100u128).into();
    assert_eq!(a1, b1);

    let a2: MultiAssetFilter = a1.into();
    let b2 = MultiAssetFilter::Definite((Here, 100u128).into());
    assert_eq!(a2, b2);

    let a3 = MultiAssetFilter::Wild(WildMultiAsset::All);
    let b3: MultiAssetFilter = All.into();
    assert_eq!(a3, b3);
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-summary.html index 1db290f9c66d..e2ab208f648c 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-summary.html @@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ - +

    Fundamentals

    In this chapter we explore all the fundamentals that you should understand before diving deeper into XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-xcvm.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-xcvm.html index 0b5ccd68c71f..be18056a89ac 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-xcvm.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-xcvm.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    XCVM

    We've already seen an overview of the XCVM. In this section, we'll dive deeper into how it works.

    Coming soon​

    This chapter is still being worked on.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals.html index 21634dfe6830..5d109b14f3b0 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Fundamentals

    Fundamental Concepts about XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-example.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-example.html index edb431019326..1d63c0666223 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-example.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-example.html @@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ - +

    Example

    In this example we show different MultiLocations for the system hierarchy in the image below. Example

    From the perspective of RelayA

    // ParaA
    let _: MultiLocation = Parachain(1000).into();
    // AccountId32 in Parachain A
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parachain(1000), AccountId32 { network: RELAY_A_NETWORK, id: [0u8; 32]}).into();
    // Asset in Parachain A
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parachain(1000), PalletInstance(1), GeneralIndex(1)).into();
    // Ethereum based account on Parachain B
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parachain(2000), AccountKey20 { network: RELAY_A_NETWORK, key: [0u8; 20] }).into();
    // Smart Contract
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parachain(2000), PalletInstance(1), AccountKey20 { network: RELAY_A_NETWORK, key: [0u8; 20] }).into();
    // RelayB
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, GlobalConsensus(RELAY_B_NETWORK)).into();
    // NFT on Parachain C
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, GlobalConsensus(RELAY_B_NETWORK), Parachain(1000), GeneralIndex(1)).into();

    From the perspective of Parachain C

    // Relay B
    let _: MultiLocation = Parent.into();
    // Plurality Example. Many more BodyId/BodyPart combos imaginable
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, Plurality { id: BodyId::Index(0), part: BodyPart::Members { count: 10 } }).into();
    // Account in Relay
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, AccountId32 { network: None, id: [0u8; 32] }).into();

    From the perspective of the Smart Contract

    // Asset in Parachain A
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, Parent, Parachain(1000), PalletInstance(1), GeneralIndex(1)).into();

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-junctions.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-junctions.html index 1e7daafb9799..4bf705962836 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-junctions.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-junctions.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ relay chain from the perspective of the Polkadot relay chain as {parents: 1, interior: GlobalConsensus(Kusama)}. An example use case could be routing XCMs between global consensus networks using bridges.

    Multiple ways to create a MultiLocation​

    // Current Location
    MultiLocation {parents: 0, interior: Here};
    MultiLocation::new(0, Here);
    MultiLocation::here();
    MultiLocation::default();
    let _: MultiLocation = Here.into();

    // Parent Location
    MultiLocation {parents: 1, interior: Here};
    MultiLocation::parent();
    let _: MultiLocation = Parent.into();

    // Conversion
    MultiLocation { parents: 2, interior: X2(Parachain(1), GeneralIndex(1))};
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, Parent, Parachain(1), GeneralIndex(1)).into();
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-summary.html index de0cf812087a..949ba10b30c8 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ .. are followed by some number of Junctions, all separated by /. The X1 and X2 variants are expressing the number of Junctions that we step down in the hierarchical structure (see Junctions for an explanation).

    // From: RelayA
    // To: ParaB
    // Location: Parachain(2000)
    MultiLocation {parents: 0, interior: X1(Parachain(2000))};
    // To: Account in ParaA
    // Location: Parachain(1000)/AccountId32(0x00..)
    MultiLocation {
        parents: 0,
        interior: X2(
            Parachain(1000),
            AccountId32{network: None, id: [0u8; 32]}
        )
    };

    // From: ParaB
    // To: RelayA
    // Location: ../Here
    MultiLocation {parents: 1, interior: Here};
    // To: Account in ParaA
    // Location: ../Parachain(1000)/AccountId32(0x00..)
    MultiLocation {
        parents: 1,
        interior: X2(
            Parachain(1000),
            AccountId32{network: None, id: [0u8; 32]}
        )
    };

    What's next:​

    • More information about junctions
    • More MultiLocation examples
    • Expressing assets using Multilocations: [MultiAsset][../multiasset.md]
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation.html index de1f02a0da82..e1919707200f 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    MultiLocation

    The MultiLocation Type.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/introduction.html b/docs/learn/xcm/introduction.html index 6de979a004a1..224bcd0062ca 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/introduction.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/introduction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ open an issue. If you want to contribute to the format, check out the RFC process.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-assets.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-assets.html index eb2dd6397725..5a965bedf7f1 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-assets.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-assets.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ relay chain. The assets are trapped because an error is thrown and the execution is halted. Parachain A claims the trapped assets and receives a report of the holding register.

    Parachain A sends the following message to the relay chain. The message errors because of the Trap instruction, so all assets in the Holding Register are trapped.

    let message = Xcm(vec![
        WithdrawAsset((Here, 10 * CENTS).into()),
        BuyExecution { fees: (Here, CENTS).into(), weight_limit: WeightLimit::Unlimited },
        Trap(0), // <-- Errors
        DepositAsset { // <-- Not executed because of error.
            assets: All.into(),
            beneficiary: AccountId32 {
                network: Some(parachain::RelayNetwork::get()),
                id: ALICE.into()
            }.into()
        }
    ]);

    Parachain A claims the assets, reports them to itself and deposits them in the Account of Alice.

    let claim_message = Xcm(vec![
        ClaimAsset { assets: (Here, 10 * CENTS).into(), ticket: Here.into() },
        ReportHolding {
            response_info: QueryResponseInfo {
                destination: Parachain(1).into(),
                query_id: QUERY_ID,
                max_weight: Weight::from_parts(1_000_000_000, 64*64) },
            assets: All.into()
        },
        DepositAsset {
            assets: All.into(),
            beneficiary: AccountId32 {
                network: Some(parachain::RelayNetwork::get()),
                id: ALICE.into()
            }.into()
        },
    ]);
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-channels.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-channels.html index d7b208776848..ef2f2e508879 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-channels.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-channels.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ network), you would call with network: NetworkId::Kusama and destination: X1(Parachain(1000)). Alternatively, to export a message for execution on Polkadot, you would call with network: NetworkId:: Polkadot and destination: Here.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-expectations.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-expectations.html index 464a5dbe9040..00acf4edfd1c 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-expectations.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-expectations.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ the error handler, when a specific error is thrown.

        ExpectError(Option<(u32, Error)>)

    Example​

    For the full example, check here.

    SetErrorHandler(Xcm(vec![
        ExpectError(Some((1, XcmError::VersionIncompatible))),
        ReportError(QueryResponseInfo {
            destination: Parachain(1).into(),
            query_id: QUERY_ID,
            max_weight: Weight::from_all(0),
        }),
    ])),
    // Pallet index is wrong, so throws `PalletNotFound` error.
    ExpectPallet {
        index: 100,
        name: "Balances".into(),
        module_name: "pallet_balances".into(),
        crate_major: 4,
        min_crate_minor: 0,
    },

    ExpectTransactStatus​

    The ExpectTransactStatus instruction throws an ExpectationFalse error if the transact status register does not equal the expected transact status.

    Example​

    For the full example, check here. The transact status is reported to Parachain(1) if the call in the Transact errors.

    SetErrorHandler(Xcm(vec![ReportTransactStatus(QueryResponseInfo {
        destination: Parachain(1).into(),
        query_id: QUERY_ID,
        max_weight: Weight::from_all(0),
    })])),
    Transact {
        origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
        require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
        call: call.encode().into(),
    },
    ExpectTransactStatus(MaybeErrorCode::Success),
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-fees.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-fees.html index 2c329745c309..655031be561c 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-fees.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-fees.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ throws an error, the error handler will be called and the weight for all the instructions that weren't executed is refunded. For the full example, check our repo.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-holding.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-holding.html index 0eaf406b1658..b4758247717b 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-holding.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-holding.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ results could differ.

    The Assets in the exchange in Parachain(1). This is a custom exchange implementation just for testing purposes.

    let assets_in_exchange = vec![(Parent, 10 * CENTS).into()];
    parachain::set_exchange_assets(assets_in_exchange);

    The message that is send:

    let message = Xcm(vec![
        WithdrawAsset((Here, 10 * CENTS).into()),
        BuyExecution { fees: (Here, CENTS).into(), weight_limit: WeightLimit::Unlimited },
        // Maximal field set to true.
        ExchangeAsset {
            give: Definite((Here, 5 * CENTS).into()),
            want: (Parent, 5 * CENTS).into(),
            maximal: true,
        },
        DepositAsset {
            assets: AllCounted(2).into(),
            beneficiary: AccountId32 {
                network: Some(parachain::RelayNetwork::get()),
                id: ALICE.into(),
            }
            .into(),
        },
    ]);

    Alice receives 5 CENTS worth of native assets (Here) and 5 CENTS worth of relay chain derivative assets (Parent).

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-locks.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-locks.html index 131c43e96569..b63a8b78b829 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-locks.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-locks.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ pallet-balances: 10.
    ParaA::execute_with(|| {
        let message = Xcm(vec![
            LockAsset { asset: (Here, 10 * CENTS).into(), unlocker: (Parachain(2)).into() },
            LockAsset { asset: (Here, 5 * CENTS).into(), unlocker: (Parachain(3)).into() },
        ]);
        assert_ok!(ParachainPalletXcm::send_xcm(Here, Parent, message.clone()));
    });

    Relay::execute_with(|| {
        assert_eq!(
            relay_chain::Balances::locks(&parachain_sovereign_account_id(1)),
            vec![BalanceLock { id: *b"py/xcmlk", amount: 10 * CENTS, reasons: Reasons::All }]
        );
    });
    1. Parachain B and C receive the NoteUnlockable instruction.
    ParaB::execute_with(|| {
        assert_eq!(
            parachain::MsgQueue::received_dmp(),
            vec![Xcm(vec![NoteUnlockable {
                owner: (Parent, Parachain(1)).into(),
                asset: (Parent, 10 * CENTS).into()
            }])]
        );
    });

    ParaC::execute_with(|| {
        assert_eq!(
            parachain::MsgQueue::received_dmp(),
            vec![Xcm(vec![NoteUnlockable {
                owner: (Parent, Parachain(1)).into(),
                asset: (Parent, 5 * CENTS).into()
            }])]
        );
    });
    1. Parachain A sends a RequestUnlock instruction to Parachain B for 8 CENTS.
    ParaA::execute_with(|| {
        let message = Xcm(vec![RequestUnlock {
            asset: (Parent, 8 * CENTS).into(),
            locker: Parent.into(),
        }]);

        assert_ok!(ParachainPalletXcm::send_xcm(Here, (Parent, Parachain(2)), message.clone()));
    });
    1. Parachain B Unlocks a part of the funds by sending an UnlockAsset to the relay chain. we check the lock in the balances-pallet. Unlockers: B, C; Funds registered in pallet-xcm: 2, 5. Lock set in pallet-balances: 5.
    Relay::execute_with(|| {
        assert_eq!(
            relay_chain::Balances::locks(&parachain_sovereign_account_id(1)),
            vec![BalanceLock { id: *b"py/xcmlk", amount: 5 * CENTS, reasons: Reasons::All }]
        );
    });
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-origin.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-origin.html index 4d4d1757bdae..4395d6064b37 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-origin.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-origin.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ for certain values of X (thereby allowing sibling chains to use the same account IDs) or Parachain(X)/ (allowing a Relay-chain to use the account IDs native to its child parachains) or just Parent/ (allowing parachains to use AccountIds of the Relay-chain).

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-queries.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-queries.html index eca17ac08a5c..cdea8da4ab9a 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-queries.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-queries.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ specified destination.

    ReportTransactStatus(QueryResponseInfo)

    Example​

    For the full example, check here. Dispatches a call on the consensus system receiving this Xcm and reports back the status of the Transact Status Register.

    Xcm(vec![
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
            require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
            call: remark.encode().into(),
        },
        ReportTransactStatus(QueryResponseInfo {
            destination: Parachain(1).into(),
            query_id: QUERY_ID,
            max_weight: Weight::from_all(0),
        }),
    ]);
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-register.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-register.html index b07dabc7ee7b..55b4f38f0767 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-register.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-register.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ and error handler instruction are executed. These instructions are executed regardless of whether an error occurred.

    ClearError​

    ClearError

    The ClearError instruction clears the Error Register by setting it to None.

    ClearTransactStatus​

    ClearTransactStatus

    The ClearTransactStatus instruction sets the Transact Status Register to its default, cleared, value.

    SetTopic​

    SetTopic([u8; 32])

    The SetTopic instruction sets the Topic Register.

    ClearTopic​

    ClearTopic

    The ClearTopic instruction clears the Topic Register.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-summary.html index 55d174204fbc..bb7d53b822e4 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@

    A Journey through XCM

    This section will be a step-by-step, practical introduction to all the features XCM has. We'll create XCMs for a variety of use cases, learning about all the instructions available to us along the way. Let's step right in.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-transact.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-transact.html index 37f9bdb737c4..87e38104d6e3 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-transact.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-transact.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Parachain(1). This function requires the origin to be root. We enable the root origin for the relay chain by setting ParentAsSuperuser for the OriginConverter config type.

    let call = parachain::RuntimeCall::Balances(
        pallet_balances::Call::<parachain::Runtime>::set_balance {
            who: ALICE,
            new_free: 5 * AMOUNT,
            new_reserved: 0,
        },
    );

    let message = Xcm(vec![
        WithdrawAsset((Here, AMOUNT).into()),
        BuyExecution { fees: (Here, AMOUNT).into(), weight_limit: WeightLimit::Unlimited },
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::Superuser,
            require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
            call: call.encode().into(),
        },
    ]);

    Example 2​

    For the full example, check the repo.

    In this example, as Parachain(1), we create an NFT collection on the relay chain and we then mint an NFT with ID 1. The admin for the nft collection is parachain(1). The call looks as follows:

    let create_collection = relay_chain::RuntimeCall::Uniques(
        pallet_uniques::Call::<relay_chain::Runtime>::create {
            collection: 1u32,
            admin: parachain_sovereign_account_id(1),
        }
    );

    The owner of the NFT is Alice. The nft mint call looks as follows:

    let mint = relay_chain::RuntimeCall::Uniques(
        pallet_uniques::Call::<relay_chain::Runtime>::mint {
            collection: 1u32,
            item: 1u32,
            owner: ALICE,
        }
    );

    The xcm message contains the following instructions:

    1. Withdraw native assets from the Parachain(1)'s sovereign account.
    2. Buy weight with these assets.
    3. Create a collection with as admin and owner the sovereign account of Parachain(1).
    4. Mints an NFT in the collection with item ID 1 and as owner Alice.
    let message = Xcm(vec![
        WithdrawAsset((Here, AMOUNT).into()),
        BuyExecution { fees: (Here, AMOUNT).into(), weight_limit: WeightLimit::Unlimited },
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
            require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
            call: create_collection.encode().into(),
        },
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
            require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
            call: mint.encode().into(),
        },
    ]);

    Next:​

    Check out the following instructions that interact with the Transact Status Register:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-version.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-version.html index 702813e9d7a0..034c1eb8f967 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-version.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-version.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ send back its currently AdvertisedVersion and will keep the subscribed location up to date when the version changes. The subscribed location can unsubscribe to version changes by sending the UnsubscribeVersion instruction.

    SubscribeVersion {
        #[codec(compact)]
        query_id: QueryId,
        max_response_weight: Weight,
    }

    UnsubscribeVersion

    Check out the example.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey.html index 18ec6aa8ca37..50e12f0e4903 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    A Journey through XCM

    A Practical Introduction to the XCM Features.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-reserve.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-reserve.html index 88ae3d991fc1..6cbedfb6f3ab 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-reserve.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-reserve.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ It's the sender the one who doesn't need to trust the destination, since it'll ever only be minting derivatives anyway, the sender/reserve controls the real assets and issuance.

    Next steps​

    Next, we'll talk about a very important topic we mentioned before but skipped in this chapter, paying fees for the effects our XCMs have.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-summary.html index 5e4ada2191a1..db1e2b7edf89 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ paying for execution and depositing the rest to another account on the same system. The full example can be seen in the repo.

    Transferring between systems​

    But what if you want to make a transfer from one system to another? There are two ways of doing this:

    • Asset teleportation
    • Reserve-backed transfers

    We'll be discussing both in the following chapters.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-teleport.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-teleport.html index c86f5736105b..a0f97708c7c8 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-teleport.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-teleport.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ another system. We could do so with the following program:

    let message = Xcm(vec![
      WithdrawAsset((GeneralIndex(1), 42u32).into()),
      InitiateTeleport {
        assets: All.into(),
        dest: Parachain(1).into(),
        xcm: Xcm(vec![DepositAsset {
          assets: All.into(),
          beneficiary: Junction::AccountId32 {
            id: ALICE.into(),
            network: None,
          }.into()
        }]),
      },
    ]);

    Very little changes, in fact, only the MultiAsset we're referencing changes, like we would expect. All the teleportation logic stays the same. The example assumes an NFT with index 42 inside a collection with index 1.

    Next steps​

    We'll look at reserve-backed transfers next.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers.html index abe4012d18a7..544628589776 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Transfers

    Transferring Assets between Consensus Systems with XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-architecture.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-architecture.html index 116b4b88c811..603b8b68e3fe 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-architecture.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-architecture.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ about later. It's the glue between XCM and FRAME, which is highly used in the Polkadot ecosystem.

    Simulator​

    The simulator allows for testing XCMs fast, without needing to boot up several different nodes in a network, or test in production. It's a very useful tool which we'll use throughout this document to build and test different XCMs.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-format.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-format.html index 3e731a8d69f8..b8c8fa349bb8 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-format.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-format.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ changes. XCM communicates intentions; the actual interpretation and behaviour of each instruction in an XCM is defined by target's XCVM implementation.

    Both simple and more complex scenarios can be expressed, and developers are encouraged to design and implement diverse cross-consensus communication solutions.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-intro.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-intro.html index b75d01b8a190..c2125be741e0 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-intro.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-intro.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ propose changes, which end up in newer versions, the current one being v3. To keep up with the development of the format, or to propose changes, go to the XCM format repository.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-summary.html index 91d06a7468c7..e72d6b1e84ff 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ interactions between them. XCM is meant to be used by developers to package these interactions into their runtime logic before exposing that functionality to end users.

    This chapter will cover what XCM is, what it isn't, and why it matters before exploring the different components that make up the XCM ecosystem.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-xcvm.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-xcvm.html index 8d36e833fe3f..cef16991646a 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-xcvm.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-xcvm.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ putting them in and taking them from this register. This register is used by several of the instructions we will look at later, including DepositAsset and WithdrawAsset.

    For more information on other registers, see the All XCVM Registers section.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview.html index c6d4f4abddb5..c23a336204ea 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Overview

    Overview of the XCM Documentation.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-first-look.html b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-first-look.html index 5011feedd89a..0528a6db5eb0 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-first-look.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-first-look.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ examples for every instruction in the journey through XCM chapter. First, it's important to learn the fundamentals, MultiLocation, MultiAsset, and other concepts in XCM. We'll talk about those next.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-simulator.html b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-simulator.html index fdf0c1978ca5..27693667ffcc 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-simulator.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-simulator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ actually test your XCM-powered solution. We'll get into tools and best practices for testing in the testing chapter.

    We'll use the simulator throughout the documentation to show different XCMs in action. In the next section we will take a first look at an XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-summary.html index 81cab5e7bbe6..a2075adfbfa9 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ installation guide.

    Running the Examples​

    All examples in the documentation are located in the repository. Follow these steps to run the first-look example. First clone the repository:

    git clone git@github.com:paritytech/xcm-docs.git
    cd xcm-docs/examples

    To run the first-look example, run the following line:

    cargo test -p xcm-examples para_a_simple_transfer -- --nocapture

    It should show you the following output:

    running 1 test
    test first_look::tests::para_a_simple_transfer ... ok

    test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 1 filtered out; finished in 0.01s
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart.html b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart.html index e6a90c465496..8a93a40ecff7 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Quickstart

    Start Diving into XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/reference-glossary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/reference-glossary.html index 92bcd9f32785..7f9fb1a3a3e4 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/reference-glossary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/reference-glossary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ through the relay chain.

    HRMP (Horizontal Message Passing)​

    Transport-layer protocol that allows a parachain to send messages to a sibling parachain going through the relay chain. It's a precursor to XCMP, also known as XCMP-lite. It uses a mixture of UMP and VMP.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/reference-xcvm-registers.html b/docs/learn/xcm/reference-xcvm-registers.html index 210894b7926d..7d39cb72439a 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/reference-xcvm-registers.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/reference-xcvm-registers.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/references.html b/docs/learn/xcm/references.html index 5b2e473b1ca7..bc42332309f1 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/references.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/references.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    References

    References.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/testing.html b/docs/learn/xcm/testing.html index 0ed9d868cefd..623836e1477b 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/testing.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/testing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ messaging infrastructure as live networks, as the transport mechanism is being mocked out. Also, consensus related events are not tested, like disputes, staking and iamonline events. To test for these events, parachains can use E2E tests.

    End-to-End testing​

    There are two frameworks being used in the ecosystem to do e2e testing:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/ledger.html b/docs/ledger.html index 02dbf8a675e9..080101fb0eda 100644 --- a/docs/ledger.html +++ b/docs/ledger.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ automatically detect the developer release and give the option to install the previous stable release.
    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about Ledger.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-archive.html b/docs/maintain-archive.html index f52b27c4880e..1c21a0f7166e 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-archive.html +++ b/docs/maintain-archive.html @@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ - +
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-bootnode.html b/docs/maintain-bootnode.html index e88b5a721e96..fde1ec773c27 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-bootnode.html +++ b/docs/maintain-bootnode.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ port 30311:

    /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/dot-bootnode

    server {
           listen       30312 ssl http2 default_server;
           server_name  dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io;
           root         /var/www/html;

           ssl_certificate "<your_cert";
           ssl_certificate_key "<your_key>";

           location / {
             proxy_buffers 16 4k;
             proxy_buffer_size 2k;
             proxy_pass http://localhost:30311;
             proxy_http_version 1.1;
             proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
             proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade";
             proxy_set_header Host $host;
       }

    }

    Testing Bootnode Connection​

    If we have the above node running with DNS name dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io, proxied with a valid certificate and node-id 12D3KooWAb5MyC1UJiEQJk4Hg4B2Vi3AJdqSUhTGYUqSnEqCFMFg then the following commands should give you a: "syncing 1 peers".

    tip

    You can add -lsub-libp2p=trace on the end to get libp2p trace logging for debugging purposes.

    p2p:

    polkadot --chain polkadot --base-path /tmp/node --name "Bootnode testnode" --reserved-only --reserved-nodes "/dns/dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io/tcp/30310/p2p/12D3KooWAb5MyC1UJiEQJk4Hg4B2Vi3AJdqSUhTGYUqSnEqCFMFg" --no-hardware-benchmarks

    p2p/ws:

    polkadot --chain polkadot --base-path /tmp/node --name "Bootnode testnode" --reserved-only --reserved-nodes "/dns/dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io/tcp/30311/ws/p2p/12D3KooWAb5MyC1UJiEQJk4Hg4B2Vi3AJdqSUhTGYUqSnEqCFMFg" --no-hardware-benchmarks

    p2p/wss:

    polkadot --chain polkadot --base-path /tmp/node --name "Bootnode testnode" --reserved-only --reserved-nodes "/dns/dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io/tcp/30312/wss/p2p/12D3KooWAb5MyC1UJiEQJk4Hg4B2Vi3AJdqSUhTGYUqSnEqCFMFg" --no-hardware-benchmarks
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-collator-index.html b/docs/maintain-collator-index.html index 8693c8554c3b..8a423f8253e5 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-collator-index.html +++ b/docs/maintain-collator-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Collator Guides

    Guides for Collator Nodes.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-endpoints.html b/docs/maintain-endpoints.html index e0e25ee960af..9e26df35ea88 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-endpoints.html +++ b/docs/maintain-endpoints.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ provide additional services such as higher rate limits, potentially more reliable and scalable service, and additional metrics.

    note

    The list of third party RPC endpoints above for Polkadot and Kusama is directly fetched from Polkdot-JS UI

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-errors.html b/docs/maintain-errors.html index 7c224676d301..d160a6357f6b 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-errors.html +++ b/docs/maintain-errors.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ will wait to be executed at the correct place in the nonce sequence OR it will get discarded due to some other error (ex. the validity period expires).*

    Error Table​

    The below table is a reference to the errors that exists in Polkadot. It is generated from the runtime's metadata.

    PalletErrorDocumentation
    System (0)
    InvalidSpecName (0)The name of specification does not match between the current runtime and the new runtime.
    SpecVersionNeedsToIncrease (1)The specification version is not allowed to decrease between the current runtime and the new runtime.
    FailedToExtractRuntimeVersion (2)Failed to extract the runtime version from the new runtime. Either calling Core_version or decoding RuntimeVersion failed.
    NonDefaultComposite (3)Suicide called when the account has non-default composite data.
    NonZeroRefCount (4)There is a non-zero reference count preventing the account from being purged.
    Scheduler (1)
    FailedToSchedule (0)Failed to schedule a call
    NotFound (1)Cannot find the scheduled call.
    TargetBlockNumberInPast (2)Given target block number is in the past.
    RescheduleNoChange (3)Reschedule failed because it does not change scheduled time.
    Balances (5)
    VestingBalance (0)Vesting balance too high to send value
    LiquidityRestrictions (1)Account liquidity restrictions prevent withdrawal
    Overflow (2)Got an overflow after adding
    InsufficientBalance (3)Balance too low to send value
    ExistentialDeposit (4)Value too low to create account due to existential deposit
    KeepAlive (5)Transfer/payment would kill account
    ExistingVestingSchedule (6)A vesting schedule already exists for this account
    DeadAccount (7)Beneficiary account must pre-exist
    Authorship (6)
    InvalidUncleParent (0)The uncle parent not in the chain.
    UnclesAlreadySet (1)Uncles already set in the block.
    TooManyUncles (2)Too many uncles.
    GenesisUncle (3)The uncle is genesis.
    TooHighUncle (4)The uncle is too high in chain.
    UncleAlreadyIncluded (5)The uncle is already included.
    OldUncle (6)The uncle isn't recent enough to be included.
    Staking (7)
    NotController (0)Not a controller account.
    NotStash (1)Not a stash account.
    AlreadyBonded (2)Stash is already bonded.
    AlreadyPaired (3)Controller is already paired.
    EmptyTargets (4)Targets cannot be empty.
    DuplicateIndex (5)Duplicate index.
    InvalidSlashIndex (6)Slash record index out of bounds.
    InsufficientValue (7)Can not bond with value less than minimum balance.
    NoMoreChunks (8)Can not schedule more unlock chunks.
    NoUnlockChunk (9)Can not rebond without unlocking chunks.
    FundedTarget (10)Attempting to target a stash that still has funds.
    InvalidEraToReward (11)Invalid era to reward.
    InvalidNumberOfNominations (12)Invalid number of nominations.
    NotSortedAndUnique (13)Items are not sorted and unique.
    AlreadyClaimed (14)Rewards for this era have already been claimed for this validator.
    OffchainElectionEarlySubmission (15)The submitted result is received out of the open window.
    OffchainElectionWeakSubmission (16)The submitted result is not as good as the one stored on chain.
    SnapshotUnavailable (17)The snapshot data of the current window is missing.
    OffchainElectionBogusWinnerCount (18)Incorrect number of winners were presented.
    OffchainElectionBogusWinner (19)One of the submitted winners is not an active candidate on chain (index is out of range in snapshot).
    OffchainElectionBogusCompact (20)Error while building the assignment type from the compact. This can happen if an index is invalid, or if the weights overflow.
    OffchainElectionBogusNominator (21)One of the submitted nominators is not an active nominator on chain.
    OffchainElectionBogusNomination (22)One of the submitted nominators has an edge to which they have not voted on chain.
    OffchainElectionSlashedNomination (23)One of the submitted nominators has an edge which is submitted before the last non-zero slash of the target.
    OffchainElectionBogusSelfVote (24)A self vote must only be originated from a validator to ONLY themselves.
    OffchainElectionBogusEdge (25)The submitted result has unknown edges that are not among the presented winners.
    OffchainElectionBogusScore (26)The claimed score does not match with the one computed from the data.
    OffchainElectionBogusElectionSize (27)The election size is invalid.
    CallNotAllowed (28)The call is not allowed at the given time due to restrictions of election period.
    IncorrectHistoryDepth (29)Incorrect previous history depth input provided.
    IncorrectSlashingSpans (30)Incorrect number of slashing spans provided.
    Session (9)
    InvalidProof (0)Invalid ownership proof.
    NoAssociatedValidatorId (1)No associated validator ID for account.
    DuplicatedKey (2)Registered duplicate key.
    NoKeys (3)No keys are associated with this account.
    Grandpa (11)
    PauseFailed (0)Attempt to signal GRANDPA pause when the authority set isn't live (either paused or already pending pause).
    ResumeFailed (1)Attempt to signal GRANDPA resume when the authority set isn't paused (either live or already pending resume).
    ChangePending (2)Attempt to signal GRANDPA change with one already pending.
    TooSoon (3)Cannot signal forced change so soon after last.
    InvalidKeyOwnershipProof (4)A key ownership proof provided as part of an equivocation report is invalid.
    InvalidEquivocationProof (5)An equivocation proof provided as part of an equivocation report is invalid.
    DuplicateOffenceReport (6)A given equivocation report is valid but already previously reported.
    ImOnline (12)
    InvalidKey (0)Non existent public key.
    DuplicatedHeartbeat (1)Duplicated heartbeat.
    Democracy (14)
    ValueLow (0)Value too low
    ProposalMissing (1)Proposal does not exist
    BadIndex (2)Unknown index
    AlreadyCanceled (3)Cannot cancel the same proposal twice
    DuplicateProposal (4)Proposal already made
    ProposalBlacklisted (5)Proposal still blacklisted
    NotSimpleMajority (6)Next external proposal not simple majority
    InvalidHash (7)Invalid hash
    NoProposal (8)No external proposal
    AlreadyVetoed (9)Identity may not veto a proposal twice
    NotDelegated (10)Not delegated
    DuplicatePreimage (11)Preimage already noted
    NotImminent (12)Not imminent
    TooEarly (13)Too early
    Imminent (14)Imminent
    PreimageMissing (15)Preimage not found
    ReferendumInvalid (16)Vote given for invalid referendum
    PreimageInvalid (17)Invalid preimage
    NoneWaiting (18)No proposals waiting
    NotLocked (19)The target account does not have a lock.
    NotExpired (20)The lock on the account to be unlocked has not yet expired.
    NotVoter (21)The given account did not vote on the referendum.
    NoPermission (22)The actor has no permission to conduct the action.
    AlreadyDelegating (23)The account is already delegating.
    Overflow (24)An unexpected integer overflow occurred.
    Underflow (25)An unexpected integer underflow occurred.
    InsufficientFunds (26)Too high a balance was provided that the account cannot afford.
    NotDelegating (27)The account is not currently delegating.
    VotesExist (28)The account currently has votes attached to it and the operation cannot succeed until these are removed, either through unvote or reap_vote.
    InstantNotAllowed (29)The instant referendum origin is currently disallowed.
    Nonsense (30)Delegation to oneself makes no sense.
    WrongUpperBound (31)Invalid upper bound.
    MaxVotesReached (32)Maximum number of votes reached.
    InvalidWitness (33)The provided witness data is wrong.
    TooManyProposals (34)Maximum number of proposals reached.
    Council (15)
    NotMember (0)Account is not a member
    DuplicateProposal (1)Duplicate proposals not allowed
    ProposalMissing (2)Proposal must exist
    WrongIndex (3)Mismatched index
    DuplicateVote (4)Duplicate vote ignored
    AlreadyInitialized (5)Members are already initialized!
    TooEarly (6)The close call was made too early, before the end of the voting.
    TooManyProposals (7)There can only be a maximum of MaxProposals active proposals.
    WrongProposalWeight (8)The given weight bound for the proposal was too low.
    WrongProposalLength (9)The given length bound for the proposal was too low.
    TechnicalCommittee (16)
    NotMember (0)Account is not a member
    DuplicateProposal (1)Duplicate proposals not allowed
    ProposalMissing (2)Proposal must exist
    WrongIndex (3)Mismatched index
    DuplicateVote (4)Duplicate vote ignored
    AlreadyInitialized (5)Members are already initialized!
    TooEarly (6)The close call was made too early, before the end of the voting.
    TooManyProposals (7)There can only be a maximum of MaxProposals active proposals.
    WrongProposalWeight (8)The given weight bound for the proposal was too low.
    WrongProposalLength (9)The given length bound for the proposal was too low.
    ElectionsPhragmen (17)
    UnableToVote (0)Cannot vote when no candidates or members exist.
    NoVotes (1)Must vote for at least one candidate.
    TooManyVotes (2)Cannot vote more than candidates.
    MaximumVotesExceeded (3)Cannot vote more than maximum allowed.
    LowBalance (4)Cannot vote with stake less than minimum balance.
    UnableToPayBond (5)Voter can not pay voting bond.
    MustBeVoter (6)Must be a voter.
    ReportSelf (7)Cannot report self.
    DuplicatedCandidate (8)Duplicated candidate submission.
    MemberSubmit (9)Member cannot re-submit candidacy.
    RunnerSubmit (10)Runner cannot re-submit candidacy.
    InsufficientCandidateFunds (11)Candidate does not have enough funds.
    NotMember (12)Not a member.
    InvalidCandidateCount (13)The provided count of number of candidates is incorrect.
    InvalidVoteCount (14)The provided count of number of votes is incorrect.
    InvalidRenouncing (15)The renouncing origin presented a wrong Renouncing parameter.
    InvalidReplacement (16)Prediction regarding replacement after member removal is wrong.
    Treasury (19)
    InsufficientProposersBalance (0)Proposer's balance is too low.
    InvalidIndex (1)No proposal or bounty at that index.
    ReasonTooBig (2)The reason given is just too big.
    AlreadyKnown (3)The tip was already found/started.
    UnknownTip (4)The tip hash is unknown.
    NotFinder (5)The account attempting to retract the tip is not the finder of the tip.
    StillOpen (6)The tip cannot be claimed/closed because there are not enough tippers yet.
    Premature (7)The tip cannot be claimed/closed because it's still in the countdown period.
    UnexpectedStatus (8)The bounty status is unexpected.
    RequireCurator (9)Require bounty curator.
    InvalidValue (10)Invalid bounty value.
    InvalidFee (11)Invalid bounty fee.
    PendingPayout (12)A bounty payout is pending. To cancel the bounty, you must unassign and slash the curator.
    Claims (24)
    InvalidEthereumSignature (0)Invalid Ethereum signature.
    SignerHasNoClaim (1)Ethereum address has no claim.
    SenderHasNoClaim (2)Account ID sending tx has no claim.
    PotUnderflow (3)There's not enough in the pot to pay out some unvested amount. Generally implies a logic error.
    InvalidStatement (4)A needed statement was not included.
    VestedBalanceExists (5)The account already has a vested balance.
    Vesting (25)
    NotVesting (0)The account given is not vesting.
    ExistingVestingSchedule (1)An existing vesting schedule already exists for this account that cannot be clobbered.
    AmountLow (2)Amount being transferred is too low to create a vesting schedule.
    Identity (28)
    TooManySubAccounts (0)Too many subs-accounts.
    NotFound (1)Account isn't found.
    NotNamed (2)Account isn't named.
    EmptyIndex (3)Empty index.
    FeeChanged (4)Fee is changed.
    NoIdentity (5)No identity found.
    StickyJudgement (6)Sticky judgement.
    JudgementGiven (7)Judgement given.
    InvalidJudgement (8)Invalid judgement.
    InvalidIndex (9)The index is invalid.
    InvalidTarget (10)The target is invalid.
    TooManyFields (11)Too many additional fields.
    TooManyRegistrars (12)Maximum amount of registrars reached. Cannot add any more.
    AlreadyClaimed (13)Account ID is already named.
    NotSub (14)Sender is not a sub-account.
    NotOwned (15)Sub-account isn't owned by sender.
    Proxy (29)
    TooMany (0)There are too many proxies registered or too many announcements pending.
    NotFound (1)Proxy registration not found.
    NotProxy (2)Sender is not a proxy of the account to be proxied.
    Unproxyable (3)A call which is incompatible with the proxy type's filter was attempted.
    Duplicate (4)Account is already a proxy.
    NoPermission (5)Call may not be made by proxy because it may escalate its privileges.
    Unannounced (6)Announcement, if made at all, was made too recently.
    Multisig (30)
    MinimumThreshold (0)Threshold must be 2 or greater.
    AlreadyApproved (1)Call is already approved by this signatory.
    NoApprovalsNeeded (2)Call doesn't need any (more) approvals.
    TooFewSignatories (3)There are too few signatories in the list.
    TooManySignatories (4)There are too many signatories in the list.
    SignatoriesOutOfOrder (5)The signatories were provided out of order; they should be ordered.
    SenderInSignatories (6)The sender was contained in the other signatories; it shouldn't be.
    NotFound (7)Multisig operation not found when attempting to cancel.
    NotOwner (8)Only the account that originally created the multisig is able to cancel it.
    NoTimepoint (9)No timepoint was given, yet the multisig operation is already underway.
    WrongTimepoint (10)A different timepoint was given to the multisig operation that is underway.
    UnexpectedTimepoint (11)A timepoint was given, yet no multisig operation is underway.
    WeightTooLow (12)The maximum weight information provided was too low.
    AlreadyStored (13)The data to be stored is already stored.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-async-backing.html b/docs/maintain-guides-async-backing.html index d12da608e1b5..14d9b00d7a7f 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-async-backing.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-async-backing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ Relay block number is kept track of by each parachain in pallet-parachain-system with the storage value LastRelayChainBlockNumber. This value can be obtained and used wherever timing based on block number is needed.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-avoid-slashing.html b/docs/maintain-guides-avoid-slashing.html index e5e08675f427..d4d270855614 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-avoid-slashing.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-avoid-slashing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ obtain pristine binaries or source code and to ensure the security of their node:

    1. Always download either source files or binaries from the official Parity repository
    2. Verify the hash of downloaded files.
    3. Use the W3F secure validator setup or adhere to its principles
    4. Ensure essential security items are checked, use a firewall, manage user access, use SSH certificates
    5. Avoid using your server as a general-purpose system. Hosting a validator on your workstation or one that hosts other services increases the risk of maleficence.

    Examples​

    NetworkEraEvent TypeDetailsAction Taken
    Polkadot774Small EquivocationThe validator migrated servers and cloned the keystore folder. The on-chain event can be viewed here.The validator did not submit a request for the slash to be canceled.
    Kusama3329Small EquivocationThe validator operated a test machine with cloned keys; the test machine was online at the same time as the primary, which resulted in a slash. Details can be found here.The validator requested a cancellation of the slash, but the council declined.
    Kusama3995Small EquivocationThe validator noticed several errors, after which the client crashed, and a slash was applied. The validator recorded all events and opened GitHub issues to allow for technical opinions to be shared. Details can be found here.The validator requested to cancel the slash. The council approved the request as they believed the error was not operator related.
    Kusama4543Medium UnresponsivenessA large amount of disputes flooded the network resulting in an application fault. The fault caused the client software to hang and as a result ~197 unique validators become unresponsive. Further details can be found here.The pending slash was cancelled and with runtime 9350 all lost nominations were restored. The application bug was addressed with client version 0.9.36
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-chill.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-chill.html index 89edaa0e3321..e53af18955d2 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-chill.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-chill.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Polkadot is set to None eliminating the upper bound on the number of nominators on the network. Due to this, the chillOther extrinsic on Polkadot network has no effect as the chill threshold will never be met.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-monitor-your-node.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-monitor-your-node.html index 59325289e743..0b0771529147 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-monitor-your-node.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-monitor-your-node.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ here. There are other interesting alerts you may find useful here.

    groups:
      - name: alert_rules
        rules:
          - alert: InstanceDown
            expr: up == 0
            for: 5m
            labels:
              severity: critical
            annotations:
              summary: "Instance [{{ $labels.instance }}] down"
              description: "[{{ $labels.instance }}] of job [{{ $labels.job }}] has been down for more than 1 minute."

    Change the ownership of this file to prometheus instead of root by running:

    sudo chown prometheus:prometheus rules.yml

    To check the rules defined in the "rules.yml" is syntactically correct, run the following command:

    sudo -u prometheus promtool check rules rules.yml

    Finally, restart everything by running:

    sudo systemctl restart prometheus && sudo systemctl restart alertmanager

    Now if one of your target instances down, you will receive an alert on the AlertManager and Gmail like below.

    grafana-am-6

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-stop-validating.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-stop-validating.html index 698b0ffa4089..59670100e08e 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-stop-validating.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-stop-validating.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ transfer your tokens.

    See Unbonding and Rebonding for more details.

    Unbond your tokens​

    Unbonding your tokens can be done through the Network > Staking > Account actions page in PolkadotJS Apps by clicking the corresponding stash account dropdown and selecting "Unbond funds". This can also be done through the staking.unbond() extrinsic with the staking proxy account.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-systemd.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-systemd.html index 07e9b773a326..c559e2aa499a 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-systemd.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-systemd.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ not recognize votes that didn't make it to disk, and will then cast conflicting votes. Delaying the restart will allow the network to progress past potentially conflicting votes, at which point other nodes will not accept them.

    To enable this to autostart on bootup run:

    systemctl enable polkadot-validator.service

    Start it manually with:

    systemctl start polkadot-validator.service

    You can check that it's working with:

    systemctl status polkadot-validator.service

    You can tail the logs with journalctl like so:

    journalctl -f -u polkadot-validator
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-upgrade.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-upgrade.html index 85b29e60d856..fdabf2ef7b61 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-upgrade.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-upgrade.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Validator A.
  • Take note of the Session that this extrinsic was executed in.

    • Again, it is imperative that Validator B is kept running until the current session finishes and two further full sessions have elapsed.

    Once this time has elapsed, Validator A will take over. You can safely stop Validator B.

    NOTE: To verify that the Session has changed, make sure that a block in the new Session is finalized. You should see log messages like the ones below to confirm the change:

    2019-10-28 21:44:13 Applying authority set change scheduled at block #450092
    2019-10-28 21:44:13 Applying GRANDPA set change to new set with 20 authorities
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-kusama.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-kusama.html index 6a74795a42a7..9b93a3276451 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-kusama.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-kusama.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ validator payout document.

    Run a Kusama Validator​

    Running a validator on the Kusama network is identical to running a Polkadot validator. Check out the Polkadot guide on how to setup a validator.

    Make sure to adjust the Polkadot guide to run a Kusama network validator (the instructions will also be available in the Polkadot Validator guide):

    • When starting the node pass --chain=kusama CLI flag
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-polkadot.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-polkadot.html index e30109b19373..89c1861c8d59 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-polkadot.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-polkadot.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ instance, Digital Ocean lists "Mining of Cryptocurrencies" under the Network Abuse section of their Acceptable Use Policy and requires explicit permission to do so. This may extend to other cryptocurrency activity.

    Edit this page
    Last updated on by Luis Antonio Obis Aparicio
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-secure-validator.html b/docs/maintain-guides-secure-validator.html index 233155b35743..e3ee1abdac86 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-secure-validator.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-secure-validator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ hardware. The provisioning of the validator machine should be automated and defined in code. This code should be kept in private version control, reviewed, audited, and tested.

  • Session keys should be generated and provided in a secure way.

  • Polkadot should be started at boot and restarted if stopped for any reason (supervisor process).

  • Polkadot should run as a non-root user.

    • Monitoring​

    • There should be an on-call rotation for managing the alerts.

    • There should be a clear protocol with actions to perform for each level of each alert and an escalation policy.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-society-kusama.html b/docs/maintain-guides-society-kusama.html index c23ae26d8de5..6b2ceba94a1b 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-society-kusama.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-society-kusama.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ extrinsic's parameters go to Element 1 ("proposal") -> "value" -> "params" -> Element 2 ("rules") and copy the value corresponding to the key "value". You can use a hex-to-UTF8 converter to then display the text. Note that the text is formatted with Markdown.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-validator-community.html b/docs/maintain-guides-validator-community.html index 0ec85d77edde..6c4fa9b494e7 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-validator-community.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-validator-community.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ monitoring, observability services, staking dashboards, wallets, command-line utilities, or porting implementations to other languages. Additionally, this may also be eligible to be funded via a Web3 Foundation Grant.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-validator-payout.html b/docs/maintain-guides-validator-payout.html index e7e5017f768b..617e99428946 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-validator-payout.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-validator-payout.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ brackets ([]) next to each validator. Note that since the validator payment is public knowledge, having a low or non-existent validator payment may attract more stake from nominators, since they know they will receive a larger reward.

    Validator Set Size (v): 4
    Validator 1 Stake (v1) [20% commission]: 18 DOT (9 validator, 9 nominator)
    Validator 2 Stake (v2) [40% commission]:  9 DOT (3 validator, 6 nominator)
    Validator 3 Stake (v3) [10% commission]:  8 DOT (4 validator, 4 nominator)
    Validator 4 Stake (v4) [ 0% commission]:  6 DOT (1 validator, 5 nominator)
    Payout (p): 8 DOT

    Payout for each validator (v1 - v4):
    p / v = 8 / 4 = 2 DOT

    v1:
    (0.2 * 2) = 0.4 DOT -> validator payment
    (2 - 0.4) = 1.6 -> shared between all stake
    (9 / 18) * 1.6 = 0.8 -> validator stake share
    (9 / 18) * 1.6 = 0.8 -> nominator stake share
    v1 validator total reward: 0.4 + 0.8 = 1.2 DOT
    v1 nominator reward: 0.8 DOT

    v2:
    (0.4 * 2) = 0.8 DOT -> validator payment
    (2 - 0.8) = 1.2 -> shared between all stake
    (3 / 9) * 1.2 = 0.4 -> validator stake share
    (6 / 9) * 1.2 = 0.8 -> nominator stake share
    v2 validator total reward: 0.8 + 0.4 = 1.2 DOT
    v2 nominator reward: 0.8 DOT

    v3:
    (0.1 * 2) = 0.2 DOT -> validator payment
    (2 - 0.2) = 1.8 -> shared between all stake
    (4 / 8) * 1.8 = 0.9 -> validator stake share
    (4 / 8) * 1.8 = 0.9 -> nominator stake share
    v3 validator total reward: 0.2 + 0.9 DOT = 1.1 DOT
    v3 nominator reward: 0.9 DOT

    v4:
    (0 * 2) = 0 DOT -> validator payment
    (2 - 0) = 2.0 -> shared between all stake
    (1 / 6) * 2 = 0.33 -> validator stake share
    (5 / 6) * 2 = 1.67 -> nominator stake share
    v4 validator total reward: 0 + 0.33 DOT = 0.33 DOT
    v4 nominator reward: 1.67 DOT
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-index.html b/docs/maintain-index.html index f6a19aa0068f..d0c55f21d557 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-index.html +++ b/docs/maintain-index.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ information and guides to set up a node and run the network.

    Polkadot's Canary Network Kusama

    For more information about being a Kusama maintainer, see the pages below:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-networks.html b/docs/maintain-networks.html index 66d6da6cd331..f45a86571470 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-networks.html +++ b/docs/maintain-networks.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ the public Telemetry service.

    You can verify that your node is connected by navigating to the correct network on the dashboard and finding the name of your node.

    There is a built-in search function on the nodes page. Simply start typing keystrokes in the main window to make it available.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-node-index.html b/docs/maintain-node-index.html index 4bfbd6380341..0fd7e527da84 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-node-index.html +++ b/docs/maintain-node-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Nodes and Dapps

    Learn how to set up a node.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-polkadot-parameters.html b/docs/maintain-polkadot-parameters.html index 6ee1d7649847..3839b5fa9371 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-polkadot-parameters.html +++ b/docs/maintain-polkadot-parameters.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Plancks make up a DOT.

    The denomination of DOT was changed from 12 decimals of precision at block #1,248,328 in an event known as Denomination Day. See Redenomination for details.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-rpc.html b/docs/maintain-rpc.html index 4d9492552e4b..5e5d1dae72b6 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-rpc.html +++ b/docs/maintain-rpc.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ node. Activate the "Development" toggle and input your node's address - either the domain or the IP address. Remember to prefix with wss://, and if you're using the 443 port, append :443 like so: wss://example.com:443.

    A sync-in-progress chain connected to Polkadot-JS UI

    Now you have a secure remote connect setup for your Substrate node.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-sync.html b/docs/maintain-sync.html index 344f222a1529..f2ddcc4c555a 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-sync.html +++ b/docs/maintain-sync.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ on localhost by default. If you would like to connect to your node's services (rpc, and prometheus) you need to ensure that you run you node with the --rpc-external, and --prometheus-external commands.

    docker run -p 9944:9944 -p 9615:9615 parity/polkadot:v0.9.13 --name "calling_home_from_a_docker_container" --rpc-external --prometheus-external
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-validator-index.html b/docs/maintain-validator-index.html index 1f7781d8f0a2..7fa1d6b20dfb 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-validator-index.html +++ b/docs/maintain-validator-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Validator Guides

    Guides for Validator Nodes.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-wss.html b/docs/maintain-wss.html index 348195ee0fa1..7f8932fc2005 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-wss.html +++ b/docs/maintain-wss.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ node. Activate the "Development" toggle and input your node's address - either the domain or the IP address. Remember to prefix with wss:// and if you're using the 443 port, append :443, like so: wss://example.com:443.

    A sync-in-progress chain connected to Polkadot-JS UI

    Now you have a secure remote connect setup for your Substrate node.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain/maintain-guides-democracy.html b/docs/maintain/maintain-guides-democracy.html index a04084c697d9..ed21a320fcd3 100644 --- a/docs/maintain/maintain-guides-democracy.html +++ b/docs/maintain/maintain-guides-democracy.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ pallet, and you will specify the index of the referendum that is being voted, the judgement (i.e. "Aye" for approval or "Nay" for rejection), and the conviction, just like a normal vote.

    For more material on adding and removing Governance proxies, as well as other types, please see the Proxy page.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain/maintain-guides-how-to-join-council.html b/docs/maintain/maintain-guides-how-to-join-council.html index 15edfcc1b836..21209e813bbf 100644 --- a/docs/maintain/maintain-guides-how-to-join-council.html +++ b/docs/maintain/maintain-guides-how-to-join-council.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ the row "Members".

    council members list

    Now you are able to participate on the council by making motions or voting proposals. To join in on the active discussions, join the Polkadot Direction channel.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain/maintain-guides-how-to-vote-councillor.html b/docs/maintain/maintain-guides-how-to-vote-councillor.html index 3618cf154659..8411b901271d 100644 --- a/docs/maintain/maintain-guides-how-to-vote-councillor.html +++ b/docs/maintain/maintain-guides-how-to-vote-councillor.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Polkadot-JS Apps Dashboard.

    Under the "Council overview" tab, click on "Vote".

    polkadotjs_removeVoter

    Issue the "Unvote all" option.

    When the transaction is included in a block you should have your reserved tokens made liquid again and your vote will no longer be counting for any councillors in the elections starting in the next term.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/metadata.html b/docs/metadata.html index a5ca0a131f57..f1568a1df80b 100644 --- a/docs/metadata.html +++ b/docs/metadata.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ The dropdown below allows you to update the chain selection to visualize. You can search all sub-categories using the provided search field. The information is categorized by the chains Pallets, RPC and Runtime information.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/multisig-apps.html b/docs/multisig-apps.html index 330acfa2f74d..8bfbde575a08 100644 --- a/docs/multisig-apps.html +++ b/docs/multisig-apps.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ multisig identities. Mimir currently supports integration with applications like Polkadot.js and is planning to expand to others.
  • User-Friendly Interface: Designed for ease of use, making complex multisig operations more accessible.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/parachains-apps.html b/docs/parachains-apps.html index 19047b9bc2c7..328551dabbc2 100644 --- a/docs/parachains-apps.html +++ b/docs/parachains-apps.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ tokens (LST) “vTokens”, as well as remote exchange, and swapping of vTokens from any chain. The DApp aims to simplify the cross-chain experience by providing a seamless interface for users to interact with vTokens across different chains natively.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadot-direction.html b/docs/polkadot-direction.html index 3d36ea2bb2b6..b853974dd929 100644 --- a/docs/polkadot-direction.html +++ b/docs/polkadot-direction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ decentralizing the network is ensuring experts on which the maintenance of the system relies upon are incentivized and recruited over time by the Polkadot network and not by organizations within the Polkadot ecosystem.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadot-v1.html b/docs/polkadot-v1.html index 09c0fe157864..2b181976f7ef 100644 --- a/docs/polkadot-v1.html +++ b/docs/polkadot-v1.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ could become.

    Polkadot is perfecting its implementation through RFCs to continue being a decentralized, secure, ubiquitous computing engine to power the next generation of Web3 applications.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadot-vault.html b/docs/polkadot-vault.html index c59ec5ec9d54..68c52bb69253 100644 --- a/docs/polkadot-vault.html +++ b/docs/polkadot-vault.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ this article for detailed instructions. If you choose this approach, you should trust the provider you choose.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about Polkadot Vault.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadot-vision-index.html b/docs/polkadot-vision-index.html index dceea885dc47..3c4de23218c7 100644 --- a/docs/polkadot-vision-index.html +++ b/docs/polkadot-vision-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot Vision

    Polkadot's Vision revealed by Gavin Wood at Decoded 2023.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadotjs-ui.html b/docs/polkadotjs-ui.html index 1dc988c114ab..eef27ddc3bb4 100644 --- a/docs/polkadotjs-ui.html +++ b/docs/polkadotjs-ui.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ nomination pool settings (nomination and roles) and use non-transfer proxies, destroy assets, and much more.

    Beginner's Guide to Polkadot-JS​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadotjs.html b/docs/polkadotjs.html index 91e88b7c087d..99522c830c9e 100644 --- a/docs/polkadotjs.html +++ b/docs/polkadotjs.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ of spam prevention, whereas signed transactions are issued by the originator account of a transaction which contains a signature of that account, which will be subject to a fee to include it on the chain.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/programs-index.html b/docs/programs-index.html index 534fcc740f80..e08632fecd25 100644 --- a/docs/programs-index.html +++ b/docs/programs-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Programs

    Learn about different programs and initiatives within the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/research.html b/docs/research.html index f2785e8a6487..88b271ec73cf 100644 --- a/docs/research.html +++ b/docs/research.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ – Gives an outline of Nominated Proof of Stake in Polkadot. Author: Alfonzo Cevallos
  • Messaging Protocol Workshop Outcomes – An initiative to design and implement a privacy-preserving communication system for decentralized applications.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/staking-apps.html b/docs/staking-apps.html index 76fb981d8b58..ceee33344ea7 100644 --- a/docs/staking-apps.html +++ b/docs/staking-apps.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ and stake on multiple networks in the Polkadot, Kusama and Polkadot SDK (Substrate) ecosystems.

    The Web Dashboard features an Earning tab which allows users to stake DOT easily via native nomination pools, as well as in liquid staking and lending protocols, without having to manage multiple applications with different interfaces and experiences.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/staking-dashboard.html b/docs/staking-dashboard.html index c8b79f9fe2df..646b33f12184 100644 --- a/docs/staking-dashboard.html +++ b/docs/staking-dashboard.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ feature request. We take your feedback seriously, do not hesitate to contact us.

    Network​

    Under Network, you can connect to either Polkadot, Kusama, or Westend through public RPC nodes or light clients for a true Web3 experience. For more information about light clients, see this page.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/start-building.html b/docs/start-building.html index b4568950585d..9399cebebb88 100644 --- a/docs/start-building.html +++ b/docs/start-building.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ this Medium article and the original Polkadot Forum post.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/stay-safe-index.html b/docs/stay-safe-index.html index ed443d265bb9..1132f5356042 100644 --- a/docs/stay-safe-index.html +++ b/docs/stay-safe-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Stay Safe

    Learn about good-practices to stay safe while surfing in Web3.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/thousand-contributors.html b/docs/thousand-contributors.html index 9f5a2b3c6060..a8b7a5b8d52f 100644 --- a/docs/thousand-contributors.html +++ b/docs/thousand-contributors.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ the account shared with us.

    Submission reviews​

    The review process follows the present pipeline in the 1KC public GitHub project.

    Learn more about the program and its components on the official 1KC repository

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/thousand-validators.html b/docs/thousand-validators.html index fe825f7ae0f1..1487ea57ad32 100644 --- a/docs/thousand-validators.html +++ b/docs/thousand-validators.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ things time to resolve; if they don't, leave a message in the dedicated matrix room or open an issue on GitHub.
  • The 1000 validators website is not up to date? See these resources for more up-to-date information.

    • Resources​

    To extract and display the 1KV Programme scores there are various tools listed below.

    ResourceGithub sourceInfo
    Main 1KV sitegithubMain site and 1KV backend.
    SubVT telegram bot for polkadot and kusamagithubTelegram bot with overviews and alerts for various polkadot and kusama related events, including 1KV events.
    SubVT ios and android appgithubSubVT app version for mobile phones.
    Validator earnings overviewgithubOverview of validators' earnings.
    Math Crypto's Insightsgithub1KV-oriented scoring overview of Kusama and Polkadot.
    One-T for polkadot and kusamagithubA performance report bot for the Polkadot and Kusama network with special focus on the 1KV programme.
    One-T parachains overviewgithubOne-T's parachain overview.
    Metaspan's 1KV overviewgithubOverview of 1KV programme, including the newly introduced endpoints, see here for available endpoints.
    Decentradot's 1KV overviewgithubOverview of the 1KV programme, including the newly introduced endpoints.
    Hirish 1KV overviewgithub?Overview of the 1KV Programme.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/transaction-attacks.html b/docs/transaction-attacks.html index bc4a2eeb52be..b953ff3e201b 100644 --- a/docs/transaction-attacks.html +++ b/docs/transaction-attacks.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ transfer will fail).

    Defense against Attacks​

    danger

    If you can't verify the transaction or you suspect you are signing something different than what you intended, don't sign it!

    To avoid being victim of an attack:

    • Use only trusted extensions, sites and software in general.
    • Use cold storage options (Ledger, Signer) and verify them. Trust what these devices tell you over what is shown in the app or the browser extension.
    • Update Signer metadata only from trusted sources (or do it yourself).
    • Accept metadata updates for the extension only from trusted apps.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/wallets-and-extensions.html b/docs/wallets-and-extensions.html index 4db449d35241..6a04b324e0ba 100644 --- a/docs/wallets-and-extensions.html +++ b/docs/wallets-and-extensions.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ balance changes, view your total balance in multiple fiat currencies, secured by your personal Telegram cloud and manual backups.

    Use Telenova on any of your devices — be it mobile or desktop — within the same Telegram account, and start exploring the Polkadot ecosystem today!

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/wallets-index.html b/docs/wallets-index.html index 7ad2c55c66e7..0ea95d5d624f 100644 --- a/docs/wallets-index.html +++ b/docs/wallets-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Wallets

    Explore the different wallets and applications in the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/web3-and-polkadot.html b/docs/web3-and-polkadot.html index 1cb65632eb95..fc383bf73b30 100644 --- a/docs/web3-and-polkadot.html +++ b/docs/web3-and-polkadot.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ all blockchains attached to it. For more information, see the Polkadot 1.0 page and the section about XCM and Accords in Polkadot Direction page.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 69c91324f039..7028a66dbaf5 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Explore

    Explore Wallets, Applications and Programmes within the Polkadot Ecosystem.

    Learn

    Learn about Polkadot and how it provides Shared Security and Secure Interoperability to its Parachains.

    Build

    Most up-to-date Information on the Status of the Development Tools in the Polkadot Ecosystem.

    Maintain

    Information and Guides on how to Deploy a Node and Run the Network.

    Learn about Polkadot’s canary network Kusama

    Kusama is Polkadot’s “canary network”, a scalable, multi-chain network for radical innovation and early stage Polkadot deployments. For developers, Kusama is a proving ground for all things Polkadot I.e runtime upgrades, on-chain governance, parachains, parathreads, etc.

    language

    Help improve this wiki

    This wiki was started by and is maintained by Web3 Foundation. It is an open-source-ish project and aims to be the most extensive resource of knowledge on Polkadot and the Polkadot ecosystem.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/search.html b/search.html index 4207c6b21bf4..614ff0172a07 100644 --- a/search.html +++ b/search.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Search the documentation

    - + \ No newline at end of file