diff --git a/py4web/__init__.py b/py4web/__init__.py
index 365ee8c58..29e9ed72a 100644
--- a/py4web/__init__.py
+++ b/py4web/__init__.py
@@ -23,16 +23,5 @@ def _maybe_gevent():
 from .core import Translator  # from pluralize
 from .core import action  # main py4web decorator
 from .core import render  # yatl
-from .core import (
-    DAL,
-    Cache,
-    Condition,
-    Flash,
-    Session,
-    abort,
-    check_compatible,
-    redirect,
-    request,
-    response,
-    safely,
-)
+from .core import (DAL, Cache, Condition, Flash, Session, abort,
+                   check_compatible, redirect, request, response, safely)
diff --git a/py4web/core.py b/py4web/core.py
index 0da715f56..36c704300 100644
--- a/py4web/core.py
+++ b/py4web/core.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 import datetime
 import enum
 import functools
+import html as sanitize_html
 import http.client
 import http.cookies
 import importlib.machinery
@@ -34,7 +35,6 @@
 import zipfile
 from collections import OrderedDict
 from contextlib import redirect_stderr, redirect_stdout
-import html as sanitize_html
 
 import portalocker
 from watchgod import awatch
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@
     gunicorn = None
 
 import click
-
 # Third party modules
 import ombott as bottle
 import pluralize
diff --git a/py4web/server_adapters.py b/py4web/server_adapters.py
index 012d6caf1..9139c4391 100644
--- a/py4web/server_adapters.py
+++ b/py4web/server_adapters.py
@@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ def get_workers(opts, default=10):
 
 
 def check_port(host="127.0.0.1", port=8000):
-    import socket
     import errno
+    import socket
     import subprocess
 
     def os_cmd(run_cmd):
@@ -177,9 +177,10 @@ def os_cmd(run_cmd):
 
 
 def gunicorn():
-    from gevent import local  # pip install gevent gunicorn setproctitle
     import threading
 
+    from gevent import local  # pip install gevent gunicorn setproctitle
+
     if isinstance(threading.local(), local.local):
         print("gunicorn: monkey.patch_all() applied")
 
@@ -386,7 +387,6 @@ def run(self, app_handler):
 
 def geventWebSocketServer():
     from gevent import pywsgi
-
     # from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandler # pip install gevent-websocket
     from gevent_ws import WebSocketHandler  # pip install gevent gevent-ws
 
@@ -445,7 +445,8 @@ def wsgirefThreadingServer():
     import socket
     from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor  # pip install futures
     from socketserver import ThreadingMixIn
-    from wsgiref.simple_server import WSGIRequestHandler, WSGIServer, make_server
+    from wsgiref.simple_server import (WSGIRequestHandler, WSGIServer,
+                                       make_server)
 
     class WSGIRefThreadingServer(ServerAdapter):
         def run(self, app_handler):
diff --git a/py4web/utils/auth.py b/py4web/utils/auth.py
index a637d6ad6..64e7ad0cd 100644
--- a/py4web/utils/auth.py
+++ b/py4web/utils/auth.py
@@ -8,15 +8,8 @@
 import time
 import uuid
 
-from pydal.validators import (
-    CRYPT,
-    IS_EMAIL,
-    IS_EQUAL_TO,
-    IS_MATCH,
-    IS_NOT_EMPTY,
-    IS_NOT_IN_DB,
-    IS_STRONG,
-)
+from pydal.validators import (CRYPT, IS_EMAIL, IS_EQUAL_TO, IS_MATCH,
+                              IS_NOT_EMPTY, IS_NOT_IN_DB, IS_STRONG)
 from yatl.helpers import DIV, A
 
 from py4web import HTTP, URL, Field, action, redirect, request, response
diff --git a/py4web/utils/auth_plugins/oauth2facebook.py b/py4web/utils/auth_plugins/oauth2facebook.py
index 934386e3a..a3f3c6e46 100644
--- a/py4web/utils/auth_plugins/oauth2facebook.py
+++ b/py4web/utils/auth_plugins/oauth2facebook.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-from . import OAuth2
 import requests
 
+from . import OAuth2
+
 
 class OAuth2Facebook(OAuth2):
     name = "oauth2facebook"
diff --git a/py4web/utils/auth_plugins/pam.py b/py4web/utils/auth_plugins/pam.py
index da77d710a..5af9c7112 100644
--- a/py4web/utils/auth_plugins/pam.py
+++ b/py4web/utils/auth_plugins/pam.py
@@ -14,20 +14,8 @@
 __all__ = ["authenticate"]
 
 import sys
-from ctypes import (
-    CDLL,
-    CFUNCTYPE,
-    POINTER,
-    Structure,
-    byref,
-    c_char,
-    c_char_p,
-    c_int,
-    c_uint,
-    c_void_p,
-    cast,
-    sizeof,
-)
+from ctypes import (CDLL, CFUNCTYPE, POINTER, Structure, byref, c_char,
+                    c_char_p, c_int, c_uint, c_void_p, cast, sizeof)
 from ctypes.util import find_library
 
 libpam = CDLL(find_library("pam"))
diff --git a/py4web/utils/auth_plugins/x509_auth_plugin.py b/py4web/utils/auth_plugins/x509_auth_plugin.py
index aadfb9b2e..0a25a6e6f 100644
--- a/py4web/utils/auth_plugins/x509_auth_plugin.py
+++ b/py4web/utils/auth_plugins/x509_auth_plugin.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 from gluon.globals import current
 from gluon.storage import Storage
-
 # requires M2Crypto
 from M2Crypto import X509
 
diff --git a/py4web/utils/form.py b/py4web/utils/form.py
index de19ecc77..5fcbd619f 100644
--- a/py4web/utils/form.py
+++ b/py4web/utils/form.py
@@ -7,20 +7,8 @@
 import jwt
 from pydal._compat import to_native
 from pydal.objects import FieldVirtual
-from yatl.helpers import (
-    CAT,
-    DIV,
-    FORM,
-    INPUT,
-    LABEL,
-    OPTION,
-    SELECT,
-    SPAN,
-    TEXTAREA,
-    XML,
-    A,
-    P,
-)
+from yatl.helpers import (CAT, DIV, FORM, INPUT, LABEL, OPTION, SELECT, SPAN,
+                          TEXTAREA, XML, A, P)
 
 from py4web import HTTP, request, response
 from py4web.utils.param import Param
diff --git a/py4web/utils/grid.py b/py4web/utils/grid.py
index beedb3b45..f1ac8ac5a 100644
--- a/py4web/utils/grid.py
+++ b/py4web/utils/grid.py
@@ -8,25 +8,8 @@
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from pydal.objects import Expression, Field, FieldVirtual
-from yatl.helpers import (
-    CAT,
-    DIV,
-    FORM,
-    INPUT,
-    OPTION,
-    SELECT,
-    SPAN,
-    TABLE,
-    TAG,
-    TBODY,
-    TD,
-    TH,
-    THEAD,
-    TR,
-    XML,
-    A,
-    I,
-)
+from yatl.helpers import (CAT, DIV, FORM, INPUT, OPTION, SELECT, SPAN, TABLE,
+                          TAG, TBODY, TD, TH, THEAD, TR, XML, A, I)
 
 from py4web import HTTP, URL, redirect, request, safely
 from py4web.utils.form import Form, FormStyleDefault, join_classes
@@ -758,10 +741,7 @@ def process(self):
                     self.form.param.submit_value = self.param.edit_submit_value
 
             # redirect to the referrer
-            if (
-                self.form.accepted
-                or (readonly and request.method == "POST")
-            ):
+            if self.form.accepted or (readonly and request.method == "POST"):
                 referrer = request.query.get("_referrer")
                 if referrer:
                     redirect(base64.b16decode(referrer.encode("utf8")).decode("utf8"))
diff --git a/py4web/utils/tags.py b/py4web/utils/tags.py
index 26172e695..df3b8150a 100644
--- a/py4web/utils/tags.py
+++ b/py4web/utils/tags.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import logging
 
-
 logging.warning(
     "Deprecation notice: replace py4web.utils.tags with pydal.tools.tags in your code."
 )