diff --git a/packages/web3-errors/src/error_codes.ts b/packages/web3-errors/src/error_codes.ts
index 1db99b30ea7..dc718eb2063 100644
--- a/packages/web3-errors/src/error_codes.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-errors/src/error_codes.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ export const ERR_ABI_ENCODING = 205;
 export const ERR_EXISTING_PLUGIN_NAMESPACE = 206;
 export const ERR_INVALID_METHOD_PARAMS = 207;
 export const ERR_MULTIPLE_ERRORS = 208;
+export const ERR_INSECURE_CONTEXT = 209;
 
 // Contract error codes
 export const ERR_CONTRACT = 300;
diff --git a/packages/web3-errors/src/errors/generic_errors.ts b/packages/web3-errors/src/errors/generic_errors.ts
index 1e246bf88ff..c572f9b2cc3 100644
--- a/packages/web3-errors/src/errors/generic_errors.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-errors/src/errors/generic_errors.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import {
 	ERR_PARAM,
 	ERR_EXISTING_PLUGIN_NAMESPACE,
 	ERR_INVALID_METHOD_PARAMS,
+	ERR_INSECURE_CONTEXT,
 } from '../error_codes.js';
 import { BaseWeb3Error } from '../web3_error_base.js';
 
@@ -81,6 +82,10 @@ export class OperationAbortError extends BaseWeb3Error {
 	public code = ERR_OPERATION_ABORT;
 }
 
+export class InsecureContextError extends BaseWeb3Error {
+	public code = ERR_INSECURE_CONTEXT;
+}
+
 export class AbiError extends BaseWeb3Error {
 	public code = ERR_ABI_ENCODING;
 	public readonly props: Record<string, unknown> & { name?: string };
diff --git a/packages/web3-eth-accounts/src/account.ts b/packages/web3-eth-accounts/src/account.ts
index 8b8dcce7fe5..4ef62aae189 100644
--- a/packages/web3-eth-accounts/src/account.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-eth-accounts/src/account.ts
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ import {
 import { pbkdf2Sync } from 'ethereum-cryptography/pbkdf2.js';
 import { scryptSync } from 'ethereum-cryptography/scrypt.js';
 import {
+	InsecureContextError,
 	InvalidKdfError,
 	InvalidPasswordError,
 	InvalidPrivateKeyError,
@@ -126,7 +127,10 @@ export const parseAndValidatePrivateKey = (data: Bytes, ignoreLength?: boolean):
 	}
 
 	try {
-		privateKeyUint8Array = data instanceof Uint8Array ? data : bytesToUint8Array(data);
+		privateKeyUint8Array =
+			data instanceof Uint8Array || data?.constructor?.name === 'Uint8Array'
+				? (data as Uint8Array)
+				: bytesToUint8Array(data);
 	} catch {
 		throw new InvalidPrivateKeyError();
 	}
@@ -406,7 +410,7 @@ export const recover = (
 	const V_INDEX = 130; // r = first 32 bytes, s = second 32 bytes, v = last byte of signature
 	const hashedMessage = prefixedOrR ? data : hashMessage(data);
 
-	let v = parseInt(signatureOrV.substring(V_INDEX),16); // 0x + r + s + v
+	let v = parseInt(signatureOrV.substring(V_INDEX), 16); // 0x + r + s + v
 	if (v > 26) {
 		v -= 27;
 	}
@@ -421,7 +425,7 @@ export const recover = (
 	const address = toChecksumAddress(`0x${publicHash.slice(-40)}`);
 
 	return address;
-};
+};;
 
 /**
  * Get the ethereum Address from a private key
@@ -456,7 +460,7 @@ export const privateKeyToAddress = (privateKey: Bytes): string => {
  * Get the public key from a private key
  *
  * @param privateKey - String or Uint8Array of 32 bytes
- * @param isCompressed - if true, will generate a 33 byte compressed public key instead of a 65 byte public key 
+ * @param isCompressed - if true, will generate a 33 byte compressed public key instead of a 65 byte public key
  * @returns The public key
  * @example
  * ```ts
@@ -465,7 +469,7 @@ export const privateKeyToAddress = (privateKey: Bytes): string => {
  * > "0x42beb65f179720abaa3ec9a70a539629cbbc5ec65bb57e7fc78977796837e537662dd17042e6449dc843c281067a4d6d8d1a1775a13c41901670d5de7ee6503a" // uncompressed public key
  * ```
  */
- export const privateKeyToPublicKey = (privateKey: Bytes, isCompressed: boolean): string => {
+export const privateKeyToPublicKey = (privateKey: Bytes, isCompressed: boolean): string => {
 	const privateKeyUint8Array = parseAndValidatePrivateKey(privateKey);
 
 	// Get public key from private key in compressed format
@@ -618,6 +622,13 @@ export const encrypt = async (
 		throw new InvalidKdfError();
 	}
 
+	// https://stackoverflow.com/a/46468377/8303489
+	// > crypto.subtle is supposed to be undefined in insecure contexts
+	if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && !window?.crypto?.subtle) {
+		throw new InsecureContextError(
+			'crypto.subtle is supposed to be undefined in insecure contexts',
+		);
+	}
 	const cipher = await createCipheriv(
 		privateKeyUint8Array,
 		derivedKey.slice(0, 16),
diff --git a/packages/web3-eth-accounts/src/tx/transactionFactory.ts b/packages/web3-eth-accounts/src/tx/transactionFactory.ts
index e4da9fcfe6e..7434a861d89 100644
--- a/packages/web3-eth-accounts/src/tx/transactionFactory.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-eth-accounts/src/tx/transactionFactory.ts
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ export class TransactionFactory {
 	 * @param txOptions - The transaction options
 	 */
 	public static fromBlockBodyData(data: Uint8Array | Uint8Array[], txOptions: TxOptions = {}) {
-		if (data instanceof Uint8Array) {
-			return this.fromSerializedData(data, txOptions);
+		if (data instanceof Uint8Array || data?.constructor?.name === 'Uint8Array') {
+			return this.fromSerializedData(data as Uint8Array, txOptions);
 		}
 		if (Array.isArray(data)) {
 			// It is a legacy transaction
diff --git a/packages/web3-eth-accounts/test/unit/encrypt-jsdom.test.ts b/packages/web3-eth-accounts/test/unit/encrypt-jsdom.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ba5d0071cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/web3-eth-accounts/test/unit/encrypt-jsdom.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/**
+ * @jest-environment jsdom
+ */
+
+/*
+This file is part of web3.js.
+
+web3.js is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+web3.js is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+along with web3.js.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+// ignore the rule `header/header` to allow keeping `@jest-environment jsdom` on top:
+// eslint-disable-next-line header/header
+import { TextEncoder } from 'util';
+
+/* eslint-disable import/first */
+global.TextEncoder = TextEncoder; // polyfill TextEncoder for jsdom
+
+import { InsecureContextError } from 'web3-errors';
+import { encrypt } from '../../src/account';
+import { validEncryptData } from '../fixtures/account';
+
+describe('encrypt/decrypt in jsdom', () => {
+	describe('encrypt', () => {
+		describe('valid cases', () => {
+			it.each(validEncryptData)('%s', async input => {
+				const result = encrypt(input[0], input[1], input[2]);
+				await expect(result).rejects.toThrow(InsecureContextError);
+			});
+		});
+	});
+});
diff --git a/packages/web3-utils/src/converters.ts b/packages/web3-utils/src/converters.ts
index ef7f1307a77..3b4cc6ce3dc 100644
--- a/packages/web3-utils/src/converters.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-utils/src/converters.ts
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ export type EtherUnits = keyof typeof ethUnitMap;
 export const bytesToUint8Array = (data: Bytes): Uint8Array | never => {
 	validator.validate(['bytes'], [data]);
 
-	if (data instanceof Uint8Array) {
-		return data;
+	if (data instanceof Uint8Array || data?.constructor?.name === 'Uint8Array') {
+		return data as Uint8Array;
 	}
 
 	if (Array.isArray(data)) {
@@ -588,7 +588,11 @@ export const toChecksumAddress = (address: Address): string => {
 
 	const lowerCaseAddress = address.toLowerCase().replace(/^0x/i, '');
 
-	const hash = utils.uint8ArrayToHexString(keccak256(utf8ToBytes(lowerCaseAddress)));
+	// calling `Uint8Array.from` because `noble-hashes` checks with `instanceof Uint8Array` that fails in some edge cases:
+	// 	https://github.com/paulmillr/noble-hashes/issues/25#issuecomment-1750106284
+	const hash = utils.uint8ArrayToHexString(
+		keccak256(Uint8Array.from(utf8ToBytes(lowerCaseAddress))),
+	);
 
 	if (
 		isNullish(hash) ||
diff --git a/packages/web3-validator/src/validation/bytes.ts b/packages/web3-validator/src/validation/bytes.ts
index ef15fbc0120..5cc4bcf63d8 100644
--- a/packages/web3-validator/src/validation/bytes.ts
+++ b/packages/web3-validator/src/validation/bytes.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ import { isHexStrict } from './string.js';
 /**
  * checks input if typeof data is valid Uint8Array input
  */
-export const isUint8Array = (data: ValidInputTypes) => data instanceof Uint8Array;
+export const isUint8Array = (data: ValidInputTypes) =>
+	data instanceof Uint8Array || data?.constructor?.name === 'Uint8Array';
 
 export const isBytes = (
 	value: ValidInputTypes | Uint8Array | number[],
@@ -30,7 +31,12 @@ export const isBytes = (
 		abiType: 'bytes',
 	},
 ) => {
-	if (typeof value !== 'string' && !Array.isArray(value) && !(value instanceof Uint8Array)) {
+	if (
+		typeof value !== 'string' &&
+		!Array.isArray(value) &&
+		!(value instanceof Uint8Array) &&
+		value?.constructor?.name !== 'Uint8Array'
+	) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -57,7 +63,7 @@ export const isBytes = (
 		}
 		valueToCheck = new Uint8Array(value);
 	} else {
-		valueToCheck = value;
+		valueToCheck = value as Uint8Array;
 	}
 
 	if (options?.abiType) {