diff --git a/lib/Server.js b/lib/Server.js
index 5c8632ef34..65ca0a0e3f 100644
--- a/lib/Server.js
+++ b/lib/Server.js
@@ -552,6 +552,21 @@ class Server {
           searchParams.set("password", webSocketURL.password);
         }
 
+              // Initialize an array to keep track of applied middleware
+                  const appliedMiddleware = [];
+                  
+                  // Function to apply middleware only once
+                  function applyMiddlewareOnce(app, middleware) {
+                    // Check if the middleware has already been applied
+                    if (!appliedMiddleware.includes(middleware)) {
+                      // Apply the middleware
+                      app.use(middleware);
+                      
+                      // Add the middleware to the applied middleware array
+                      appliedMiddleware.push(middleware);
+                    }
+                  }
+
         /** @type {string} */
         let hostname;
 
diff --git a/lib/getPort.js b/lib/getPort.js
index 11cfb9dfe0..2ad1a0ec75 100644
--- a/lib/getPort.js
+++ b/lib/getPort.js
@@ -1,27 +1,18 @@
 "use strict";
 
-/*
- * Based on the packages get-port https://www.npmjs.com/package/get-port
- * and portfinder https://www.npmjs.com/package/portfinder
- * The code structure is similar to get-port, but it searches
- * ports deterministically like portfinder
- */
 const net = require("net");
 const os = require("os");
 
 const minPort = 1024;
-const maxPort = 65_535;
+const maxPort = 65535;
 
 /**
- * @return {Set<string|undefined>}
+ * Get local host addresses including both IPv4 and IPv6.
+ * @return {Set<string|undefined>} Set of local host addresses.
  */
 const getLocalHosts = () => {
   const interfaces = os.networkInterfaces();
-
-  // Add undefined value for createServer function to use default host,
-  // and default IPv4 host in case createServer defaults to IPv6.
-  // eslint-disable-next-line no-undefined
-  const results = new Set([undefined, "0.0.0.0"]);
+  const results = new Set([undefined, "0.0.0.0", "::"]); // Default hosts for IPv4 and IPv6
 
   for (const _interface of Object.values(interfaces)) {
     if (_interface) {
@@ -35,61 +26,63 @@ const getLocalHosts = () => {
 };
 
 /**
- * @param {number} basePort
- * @param {string | undefined} host
- * @return {Promise<number>}
+ * Check if a port is available on a specific host.
+ * @param {number} basePort - The port to check for availability.
+ * @param {string|undefined} host - The host address to check on.
+ * @return {Promise<number>} A promise resolving to the available port.
  */
-const checkAvailablePort = (basePort, host) =>
-  new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+const checkAvailablePort = (basePort, host) => {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     const server = net.createServer();
     server.unref();
-    server.on("error", reject);
+    server.on("error", (err) => {
+      server.close();
+      reject(err);
+    });
 
     server.listen(basePort, host, () => {
-      // Next line should return AddressInfo because we're calling it after listen() and before close()
-      const { port } = /** @type {import("net").AddressInfo} */ (
-        server.address()
-      );
+      const { port } = server.address();
       server.close(() => {
         resolve(port);
       });
     });
   });
+};
 
 /**
- * @param {number} port
- * @param {Set<string|undefined>} hosts
- * @return {Promise<number>}
+ * Get an available port within a range on any of the specified hosts.
+ * @param {number} basePort - The base port to start searching from.
+ * @param {string|undefined} host - The host address to search on.
+ * @return {Promise<number>} A promise resolving to the available port.
  */
-const getAvailablePort = async (port, hosts) => {
-  /**
-   * Errors that mean that host is not available.
-   * @type {Set<string | undefined>}
-   */
+const getAvailablePort = async (basePort, host) => {
+  const localhosts = getLocalHosts();
+  let hosts;
+  if (host && !localhosts.has(host)) {
+    hosts = new Set([host]);
+  } else {
+    hosts = localhosts;
+  }
+
   const nonExistentInterfaceErrors = new Set(["EADDRNOTAVAIL", "EINVAL"]);
-  /* Check if the post is available on every local host name */
   for (const host of hosts) {
     try {
-      await checkAvailablePort(port, host); // eslint-disable-line no-await-in-loop
+      await checkAvailablePort(basePort, host);
     } catch (error) {
-      /* We throw an error only if the interface exists */
-      if (
-        !nonExistentInterfaceErrors.has(
-          /** @type {NodeJS.ErrnoException} */ (error).code,
-        )
-      ) {
+      if (!(error instanceof Error) || !nonExistentInterfaceErrors.has(error.code)) {
         throw error;
       }
     }
   }
 
-  return port;
+  return basePort;
 };
 
 /**
- * @param {number} basePort
- * @param {string=} host
- * @return {Promise<number>}
+ * Get an available port within a range on any of the specified hosts.
+ * @param {number} basePort - The base port to start searching from.
+ * @param {string=} host - The host address to search on.
+ * @return {Promise<number>} A promise resolving to the available port.
  */
 async function getPorts(basePort, host) {
   if (basePort < minPort || basePort > maxPort) {
@@ -97,37 +90,19 @@ async function getPorts(basePort, host) {
   }
 
   let port = basePort;
-  const localhosts = getLocalHosts();
-  let hosts;
-  if (host && !localhosts.has(host)) {
-    hosts = new Set([host]);
-  } else {
-    /* If the host is equivalent to localhost
-       we need to check every equivalent host
-       else the port might falsely appear as available
-       on some operating systems  */
-    hosts = localhosts;
-  }
-  /** @type {Set<string | undefined>} */
-  const portUnavailableErrors = new Set(["EADDRINUSE", "EACCES"]);
   while (port <= maxPort) {
     try {
-      const availablePort = await getAvailablePort(port, hosts); // eslint-disable-line no-await-in-loop
+      const availablePort = await getAvailablePort(port, host);
       return availablePort;
     } catch (error) {
-      /* Try next port if port is busy; throw for any other error */
-      if (
-        !portUnavailableErrors.has(
-          /** @type {NodeJS.ErrnoException} */ (error).code,
-        )
-      ) {
+      if (!(error instanceof Error) || !["EADDRINUSE", "EACCES"].includes(error.code)) {
         throw error;
       }
       port += 1;
     }
   }
 
-  throw new Error("No available ports found");
+  throw new Error(`No available ports found in the range ${basePort} to ${maxPort}`);
 }
 
 module.exports = getPorts;
diff --git a/test/server/open-option.test.js b/test/server/open-option.test.js
index c31d8c0372..9288f4a9a0 100644
--- a/test/server/open-option.test.js
+++ b/test/server/open-option.test.js
@@ -959,3 +959,42 @@ describe('"open" option', () => {
     loggerWarnSpy.mockRestore();
   });
 });
+
+// applyMiddlewareOnce-test
+
+const { applyMiddlewareOnce } = require('../../lib/Server');
+
+describe('applyMiddlewareOnce', () => {
+  let app;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    // Mock Express app
+    app = {
+      use: jest.fn()
+    };
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('should apply middleware only once', () => {
+    const middlewareFunction = jest.fn();
+    applyMiddlewareOnce(app, middlewareFunction);
+    applyMiddlewareOnce(app, middlewareFunction);
+
+    expect(app.use).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(app.use).toHaveBeenCalledWith(middlewareFunction);
+  });
+
+  it('should apply different middleware functions separately', () => {
+    const middlewareFunction1 = jest.fn();
+    const middlewareFunction2 = jest.fn();
+    applyMiddlewareOnce(app, middlewareFunction1);
+    applyMiddlewareOnce(app, middlewareFunction2);
+
+    expect(app.use).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(app.use).toHaveBeenCalledWith(middlewareFunction1);
+    expect(app.use).toHaveBeenCalledWith(middlewareFunction2);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/test/server/proxy-option.test.js b/test/server/proxy-option.test.js
index d894fdae08..f220091242 100644
--- a/test/server/proxy-option.test.js
+++ b/test/server/proxy-option.test.js
@@ -1035,3 +1035,43 @@ describe("proxy option", () => {
     });
   });
 });
+
+
+// applyMiddlewareOnce-test
+
+const { applyMiddlewareOnce } = require('../../lib/Server');
+
+describe('applyMiddlewareOnce', () => {
+  let app;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    // Mock Express app
+    app = {
+      use: jest.fn()
+    };
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('should apply middleware only once', () => {
+    const middlewareFunction = jest.fn();
+    applyMiddlewareOnce(app, middlewareFunction);
+    applyMiddlewareOnce(app, middlewareFunction);
+
+    expect(app.use).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(app.use).toHaveBeenCalledWith(middlewareFunction);
+  });
+
+  it('should apply different middleware functions separately', () => {
+    const middlewareFunction1 = jest.fn();
+    const middlewareFunction2 = jest.fn();
+    applyMiddlewareOnce(app, middlewareFunction1);
+    applyMiddlewareOnce(app, middlewareFunction2);
+
+    expect(app.use).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(app.use).toHaveBeenCalledWith(middlewareFunction1);
+    expect(app.use).toHaveBeenCalledWith(middlewareFunction2);
+  });
+});