From f7c5474a3172a1d7655b91ef1d0e0c6de7df92c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Wolfgang Viechtbauer <wvb@wvbauer.com>
Date: Mon, 6 May 2024 16:15:28 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Added internal .expand1() function.

---
 DESCRIPTION                                 |  4 +-
 NEWS.md                                     |  2 +-
 R/addpoly.default.r                         | 20 ++-----
 R/aggregate.escalc.r                        | 12 ++--
 R/anova.rma.r                               | 12 ++--
 R/baujat.rma.r                              |  3 +-
 R/blup.rma.uni.r                            |  3 +-
 R/confint.rma.ls.r                          |  6 +-
 R/conv.2x2.r                                |  3 +-
 R/conv.delta.r                              |  3 +-
 R/conv.fivenum.r                            |  8 +--
 R/conv.wald.r                               |  3 +-
 R/dfround.r                                 |  7 +--
 R/escalc.r                                  | 61 +++++++--------------
 R/forest.cumul.rma.r                        | 15 ++---
 R/forest.default.r                          | 16 ++----
 R/forest.rma.r                              | 15 ++---
 R/formatters.r                              |  3 +-
 R/fsn.r                                     |  3 +-
 R/funnel.default.r                          |  3 +-
 R/funnel.rma.r                              |  3 +-
 R/labbe.rma.r                               | 12 ++--
 R/llplot.r                                  | 25 +++------
 R/misc.func.hidden.mv.r                     |  9 +--
 R/misc.func.hidden.r                        |  6 ++
 R/plot.gosh.rma.r                           |  3 +-
 R/plot.profile.rma.r                        | 10 +---
 R/predict.rma.ls.r                          |  3 +-
 R/predict.rma.r                             |  9 +--
 R/profile.rma.ls.r                          |  6 +-
 R/ranef.rma.uni.r                           |  3 +-
 R/regplot.rma.r                             | 24 +++-----
 R/replmiss.r                                |  3 +-
 R/rma.mv.r                                  | 24 +++-----
 R/rma.uni.r                                 | 19 ++-----
 R/selmodel.rma.uni.r                        | 12 ++--
 R/summary.escalc.r                          |  3 +-
 R/transf.r                                  | 12 ++--
 R/zzz.r                                     |  2 +-
 README.md                                   |  2 +-
 docs/404.html                               |  2 +-
 docs/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.html                    |  2 +-
 docs/articles/index.html                    |  2 +-
 docs/articles/pkgdown/diagram.html          |  2 +-
 docs/authors.html                           |  2 +-
 docs/index.html                             |  4 +-
 docs/news/index.html                        |  4 +-
 docs/pkgdown.yml                            |  2 +-
 docs/reference/addpoly.default.html         |  2 +-
 docs/reference/addpoly.html                 |  2 +-
 docs/reference/addpoly.predict.rma.html     |  2 +-
 docs/reference/addpoly.rma.html             |  2 +-
 docs/reference/aggregate.escalc.html        |  2 +-
 docs/reference/anova.rma.html               |  2 +-
 docs/reference/baujat.html                  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/bldiag.html                  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/blsplit.html                 |  2 +-
 docs/reference/blup.html                    |  2 +-
 docs/reference/coef.permutest.rma.uni.html  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/coef.rma.html                |  2 +-
 docs/reference/confint.rma.html             |  2 +-
 docs/reference/contrmat.html                |  2 +-
 docs/reference/conv.2x2.html                |  2 +-
 docs/reference/conv.delta.html              |  2 +-
 docs/reference/conv.fivenum.html            |  2 +-
 docs/reference/conv.wald.html               |  2 +-
 docs/reference/cumul.html                   |  2 +-
 docs/reference/dfround.html                 |  2 +-
 docs/reference/emmprep.html                 |  2 +-
 docs/reference/escalc.html                  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/fitstats.html                |  2 +-
 docs/reference/fitted.rma.html              |  2 +-
 docs/reference/forest.cumul.rma.html        |  2 +-
 docs/reference/forest.default.html          |  2 +-
 docs/reference/forest.html                  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/forest.rma.html              |  2 +-
 docs/reference/formatters.html              |  2 +-
 docs/reference/formula.rma.html             |  6 +-
 docs/reference/fsn.html                     |  2 +-
 docs/reference/funnel.html                  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/gosh.html                    |  2 +-
 docs/reference/hc.html                      |  2 +-
 docs/reference/index.html                   |  2 +-
 docs/reference/influence.rma.mv.html        |  2 +-
 docs/reference/influence.rma.uni.html       |  2 +-
 docs/reference/labbe.html                   |  2 +-
 docs/reference/leave1out.html               |  2 +-
 docs/reference/llplot.html                  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/matreg.html                  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/metafor-package.html         |  2 +-
 docs/reference/metafor.news.html            |  4 +-
 docs/reference/methods.anova.rma.html       |  2 +-
 docs/reference/methods.confint.rma.html     |  2 +-
 docs/reference/methods.escalc.html          |  2 +-
 docs/reference/methods.list.rma.html        |  2 +-
 docs/reference/methods.matreg.html          |  2 +-
 docs/reference/methods.vif.rma.html         |  2 +-
 docs/reference/mfopt.html                   |  2 +-
 docs/reference/misc-models.html             |  2 +-
 docs/reference/misc-options.html            |  2 +-
 docs/reference/misc-recs.html               |  2 +-
 docs/reference/model.matrix.rma.html        |  2 +-
 docs/reference/permutest.html               |  2 +-
 docs/reference/plot.cumul.rma.html          |  2 +-
 docs/reference/plot.gosh.rma.html           |  2 +-
 docs/reference/plot.infl.rma.uni.html       |  2 +-
 docs/reference/plot.permutest.rma.uni.html  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/plot.rma.html                |  2 +-
 docs/reference/plot.rma.uni.selmodel.html   |  2 +-
 docs/reference/plot.vif.rma.html            |  2 +-
 docs/reference/predict.rma.html             |  2 +-
 docs/reference/print.anova.rma.html         |  2 +-
 docs/reference/print.confint.rma.html       |  2 +-
 docs/reference/print.escalc.html            |  2 +-
 docs/reference/print.fsn.html               |  2 +-
 docs/reference/print.gosh.rma.html          |  2 +-
 docs/reference/print.hc.rma.uni.html        |  2 +-
 docs/reference/print.list.rma.html          |  2 +-
 docs/reference/print.matreg.html            |  2 +-
 docs/reference/print.permutest.rma.uni.html |  2 +-
 docs/reference/print.ranktest.rma.html      |  2 +-
 docs/reference/print.regtest.rma.html       |  2 +-
 docs/reference/print.rma.html               |  2 +-
 docs/reference/profile.rma.html             |  2 +-
 docs/reference/qqnorm.rma.html              |  2 +-
 docs/reference/radial.html                  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/ranef.html                   |  2 +-
 docs/reference/ranktest.html                |  2 +-
 docs/reference/rcalc.html                   |  2 +-
 docs/reference/regplot.html                 |  2 +-
 docs/reference/regtest.html                 |  2 +-
 docs/reference/replmiss.html                |  2 +-
 docs/reference/reporter.html                |  6 +-
 docs/reference/residuals.rma.html           |  2 +-
 docs/reference/rma.glmm.html                |  2 +-
 docs/reference/rma.mh.html                  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/rma.mv.html                  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/rma.peto.html                |  2 +-
 docs/reference/rma.uni.html                 |  2 +-
 docs/reference/robust.html                  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/se.html                      |  2 +-
 docs/reference/selmodel.html                |  2 +-
 docs/reference/simulate.rma.html            |  2 +-
 docs/reference/tes.html                     |  2 +-
 docs/reference/to.long.html                 |  2 +-
 docs/reference/to.table.html                |  2 +-
 docs/reference/to.wide.html                 |  2 +-
 docs/reference/transf.html                  |  2 +-
 docs/reference/trimfill.html                |  2 +-
 docs/reference/update.rma.html              |  2 +-
 docs/reference/vcalc.html                   |  2 +-
 docs/reference/vcov.rma.html                |  2 +-
 docs/reference/vec2mat.html                 |  2 +-
 docs/reference/vif.html                     |  2 +-
 docs/reference/weights.rma.html             |  2 +-
 155 files changed, 258 insertions(+), 378 deletions(-)

diff --git a/DESCRIPTION b/DESCRIPTION
index bb62e0d1e..d00aaaf84 100644
--- a/DESCRIPTION
+++ b/DESCRIPTION
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Package: metafor
-Version: 4.7-10
-Date: 2024-04-29
+Version: 4.7-11
+Date: 2024-05-06
 Title: Meta-Analysis Package for R
 Authors@R: person(given = "Wolfgang", family = "Viechtbauer", role = c("aut","cre"), email = "wvb@metafor-project.org", comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0003-3463-4063"))
 Depends: R (>= 4.0.0), methods, Matrix, metadat, numDeriv
diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index bb2a06ff8..83d28f49b 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# metafor 4.7-10 (2024-04-29)
+# metafor 4.7-11 (2024-05-06)
 
 - `rma.mv()` now counts the number of levels of a random effect more appropriately; this may trigger more often the check whether the number of levels is equal to 1, in which case the corresponding variance component is automatically fixed to 0; this check can be omitted with `control=list(check.k.gtr.1=FALSE)`
 
diff --git a/R/addpoly.default.r b/R/addpoly.default.r
index 1b04242eb..805410509 100644
--- a/R/addpoly.default.r
+++ b/R/addpoly.default.r
@@ -93,8 +93,7 @@ transf, atransf, targs, efac, col, border, lty, fonts, cex, constarea=FALSE, ...
    if (is.null(mlab)) {
       mlab <- rep("", k)
    } else {
-      if (length(mlab) == 1L)
-         mlab <- rep(mlab, k)
+      mlab <- .expand1(mlab, k)
       if (length(mlab) != k)
          stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'mlab' argument (", length(mlab), ") does not correspond to the number of polygons to be plotted (", k, ").")))
    }
@@ -127,8 +126,7 @@ transf, atransf, targs, efac, col, border, lty, fonts, cex, constarea=FALSE, ...
    if (is.null(fonts)) {
       fonts <- rep(par("family"), 2L)
    } else {
-      if (length(fonts) == 1L)
-         fonts <- rep(fonts, 2L)
+      fonts <- .expand1(fonts, 2L)
    }
 
    if (is.null(names(fonts)))
@@ -334,8 +332,7 @@ transf, atransf, targs, efac, col, border, lty, fonts, cex, constarea=FALSE, ...
       if (is.null(width)) {
          width <- apply(annotext, 2, function(x) max(nchar(x)))
       } else {
-         if (length(width) == 1L)
-            width <- rep(width, ncol(annotext))
+         width <- .expand1(width, ncol(annotext))
       }
 
       for (j in seq_len(ncol(annotext))) {
@@ -354,14 +351,9 @@ transf, atransf, targs, efac, col, border, lty, fonts, cex, constarea=FALSE, ...
 
    }
 
-   if (length(col) == 1L)
-      col <- rep(col, k)
-
-   if (length(border) == 1L)
-      border <- rep(border, k)
-
-   if (length(lcol) == 1L)
-      lcol <- rep(lcol, k)
+   col    <- .expand1(col, k)
+   border <- .expand1(border, k)
+   lcol   <- .expand1(lcol, k)
 
    if (isTRUE(constarea)) {
       areas <- (ci.ub - ci.lb) * (height/100)*cex*efac[1]
diff --git a/R/aggregate.escalc.r b/R/aggregate.escalc.r
index 89348bf58..d5e53c616 100644
--- a/R/aggregate.escalc.r
+++ b/R/aggregate.escalc.r
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ aggregate.escalc <- function(x, cluster, time, obs, V, struct="CS", rho, phi,
    if (missing(cluster))
       stop(mstyle$stop("Must specify 'cluster' variable."))
 
-   if (length(na.rm) == 1L)
-      na.rm <- c(na.rm, na.rm)
+   na.rm <- .expand1(na.rm, 2L)
 
    k <- nrow(x)
 
@@ -102,8 +101,7 @@ aggregate.escalc <- function(x, cluster, time, obs, V, struct="CS", rho, phi,
          if (missing(rho))
             stop(mstyle$stop("Must specify 'rho' for this var-cov structure."))
 
-         if (length(rho) == 1L)
-            rho <- rep(rho, n)
+         rho <- .expand1(rho, n)
 
          if (length(rho) != n)
             stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'rho' (", length(rho), ") does not match the number of clusters (", n, ").")))
@@ -118,8 +116,7 @@ aggregate.escalc <- function(x, cluster, time, obs, V, struct="CS", rho, phi,
          if (missing(phi))
             stop(mstyle$stop("Must specify 'phi' for this var-cov structure."))
 
-         if (length(phi) == 1L)
-            phi <- rep(phi, n)
+         phi <- .expand1(phi, n)
 
          if (length(phi) != n)
             stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'phi' (", length(phi), ") does not match the number of clusters (", n, ").")))
@@ -195,8 +192,7 @@ aggregate.escalc <- function(x, cluster, time, obs, V, struct="CS", rho, phi,
 
       if (.is.vector(V)) {
 
-         if (length(V) == 1L)
-            V <- rep(V, k)
+         V <- .expand1(V, k)
 
          if (length(V) != k)
             stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'V' (", length(V), ") does not match length of data frame (", k, ").")))
diff --git a/R/anova.rma.r b/R/anova.rma.r
index 8e82232f4..38947ea77 100644
--- a/R/anova.rma.r
+++ b/R/anova.rma.r
@@ -69,8 +69,7 @@ anova.rma <- function(object, object2, btt, X, att, Z, rhs, digits, refit=FALSE,
             if (missing(rhs)) {
                rhs <- rep(0, m)
             } else {
-               if (length(rhs) == 1L)
-                  rhs <- rep(rhs, m)
+               rhs <- .expand1(rhs, m)
                if (length(rhs) != m)
                   stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'rhs' (", length(rhs), ") does not match the number of coefficients tested (", m, ").")))
             }
@@ -118,8 +117,7 @@ anova.rma <- function(object, object2, btt, X, att, Z, rhs, digits, refit=FALSE,
             if (missing(rhs)) {
                rhs <- rep(0, m)
             } else {
-               if (length(rhs) == 1L)
-                  rhs <- rep(rhs, m)
+               rhs <- .expand1(rhs, m)
                if (length(rhs) != m)
                   stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'rhs' (", length(rhs), ") does not match the number of coefficients tested (", m, ").")))
             }
@@ -193,8 +191,7 @@ anova.rma <- function(object, object2, btt, X, att, Z, rhs, digits, refit=FALSE,
             if (missing(rhs)) {
                rhs <- rep(0, m)
             } else {
-               if (length(rhs) == 1L)
-                  rhs <- rep(rhs, m)
+               rhs <- .expand1(rhs, m)
                if (length(rhs) != m)
                   stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'rhs' (", length(rhs), ") does not match the number of linear combinations (", m, ").")))
             }
@@ -345,8 +342,7 @@ anova.rma <- function(object, object2, btt, X, att, Z, rhs, digits, refit=FALSE,
                if (missing(rhs)) {
                   rhs <- rep(0, m)
                } else {
-                  if (length(rhs) == 1L)
-                     rhs <- rep(rhs, m)
+                  rhs <- .expand1(rhs, m)
                   if (length(rhs) != m)
                      stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'rhs' (", length(rhs), ") does not match the number of linear combinations (", m, ").")))
                }
diff --git a/R/baujat.rma.r b/R/baujat.rma.r
index 958a9d4ef..815be77a1 100644
--- a/R/baujat.rma.r
+++ b/R/baujat.rma.r
@@ -133,8 +133,7 @@ baujat.rma <- function(x, xlim, ylim, xlab, ylab, cex, symbol="ids", grid=TRUE,
 
    if (is.numeric(symbol)) {
 
-      if (length(symbol) == 1L)
-         symbol <- rep(symbol, x$k.all)
+      symbol <- .expand1(symbol, x$k.all)
 
       if (length(symbol) != x$k.all)
          stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'symbol' argument (", length(symbol), ") does not correspond to the size of the original dataset (", x$k.all, ").")))
diff --git a/R/blup.rma.uni.r b/R/blup.rma.uni.r
index ecc373f8e..8a1f08c8e 100644
--- a/R/blup.rma.uni.r
+++ b/R/blup.rma.uni.r
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ blup.rma.uni <- function(x, level, digits, transf, targs, ...) {
    ### see Appendix in: Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (1985). Empirical
    ### Bayes meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Statistics, 10(2), 75-98
 
-   if (length(x$tau2.f) == 1L)
-      x$tau2.f <- rep(x$tau2.f, length(x$yi.f))
+   x$tau2.f <- .expand1(x$tau2.f, length(x$yi.f))
 
    li <- ifelse(is.infinite(x$tau2.f), 1, x$tau2.f / (x$tau2.f + x$vi.f))
 
diff --git a/R/confint.rma.ls.r b/R/confint.rma.ls.r
index ee7a5f2ec..dcfb197b2 100644
--- a/R/confint.rma.ls.r
+++ b/R/confint.rma.ls.r
@@ -165,13 +165,11 @@ confint.rma.ls <- function(object, parm, level, fixed=FALSE, alpha, digits, tran
       }
 
       if (!is.null(x$control$alpha.min)) {
-         if (length(x$control$alpha.min) == 1L)
-            x$control$alpha.min <- rep(x$control$alpha.min, x$q)
+         x$control$alpha.min <- .expand1(x$control$alpha.min, x$q)
          con$vc.min <- max(con$vc.min, x$control$alpha.min[alpha])
       }
       if (!is.null(x$control$alpha.max)) {
-         if (length(x$control$alpha.max) == 1L)
-            x$control$alpha.max <- rep(x$control$alpha.max, x$q)
+         x$control$alpha.max <- .expand1(x$control$alpha.max, x$q)
          con$vc.max <- min(con$vc.max, x$control$alpha.max[alpha])
       }
 
diff --git a/R/conv.2x2.r b/R/conv.2x2.r
index d90a8b172..465aee759 100644
--- a/R/conv.2x2.r
+++ b/R/conv.2x2.r
@@ -70,8 +70,7 @@ conv.2x2 <- function(ori, ri, x2i, ni, n1i, n2i, correct=TRUE, data, include,
 
    ### handle correct argument
 
-   if (length(correct) == 1L)
-      correct <- rep(correct, k)
+   correct <- .expand1(correct, k)
 
    if (length(correct) != k)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'correct' argument (", length(correct), ") does not match length of data (", k, ").")))
diff --git a/R/conv.delta.r b/R/conv.delta.r
index 7db4b7043..0ea4e7f4c 100644
--- a/R/conv.delta.r
+++ b/R/conv.delta.r
@@ -139,8 +139,7 @@ conv.delta <- function(yi, vi, ni, data, include, transf, var.names, append=TRUE
 
    for (i in seq_along(dotargs)) {
       dotarglist[[i]] <- .getx(dotargs[i], mf=mf, data=x, checknumeric=TRUE)
-      if (length(dotarglist[[i]]) == 1L)
-         dotarglist[[i]] <- rep(dotarglist[[i]], k)
+      dotarglist[[i]] <- .expand1(dotarglist[[i]], k)
       names(dotarglist)[i] <- dotargs[i]
    }
 
diff --git a/R/conv.fivenum.r b/R/conv.fivenum.r
index 1047a39b4..db909583a 100644
--- a/R/conv.fivenum.r
+++ b/R/conv.fivenum.r
@@ -87,8 +87,7 @@ conv.fivenum <- function(min, q1, median, q3, max, n, data, include,
 
    ### handle dist argument
 
-   if (length(dist) == 1L)
-      dist <- rep(dist, k)
+   dist <- .expand1(dist, k)
 
    if (length(dist) != k)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'dist' argument (", length(dist), ") does not match length of data (", k, ").")))
@@ -132,8 +131,7 @@ conv.fivenum <- function(min, q1, median, q3, max, n, data, include,
 
    method <- tolower(method)
 
-   if (length(method) == 1L)
-      method <- c(method, method)
+   method <- .expand1(method, 2L)
 
    method1.options <- c("default", "luo/wan/shi", "qe", "bc", "mln", "blue", "hozo2005", "wan2014", "bland2015", "luo2016", "walter2007")
    method2.options <- c("default", "luo/wan/shi", "qe", "bc", "mln", "blue", "hozo2005", "wan2014", "bland2015", "shi2020", "walter2007")
@@ -184,7 +182,7 @@ conv.fivenum <- function(min, q1, median, q3, max, n, data, include,
    tval  <- rep(NA_real_, k)
    crit  <- rep(NA_real_, k)
    sig   <- rep(NA,       k)
-   dists <- rep("norm", k)
+   dists <- rep("norm",   k)
 
    for (i in seq_len(k)) {
 
diff --git a/R/conv.wald.r b/R/conv.wald.r
index daf1c767d..2a42397aa 100644
--- a/R/conv.wald.r
+++ b/R/conv.wald.r
@@ -145,8 +145,7 @@ conv.wald <- function(out, ci.lb, ci.ub, zval, pval, n, data, include,
 
    ### if level is a single value, expand to the appropriate length
 
-   if (length(level) == 1L)
-      level <- rep(level, k)
+   level <- .expand1(level, k)
 
    if (length(level) != k)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'level' argument (", length(level), ") does not correspond to the size of the dataset (", k, ").")))
diff --git a/R/dfround.r b/R/dfround.r
index abfae36d4..2ca56f864 100644
--- a/R/dfround.r
+++ b/R/dfround.r
@@ -12,11 +12,8 @@ dfround <- function(x, digits, drop0=TRUE) {
    if (missing(digits))
       digits <- 0
 
-   if (length(digits) == 1L)
-      digits <- rep(digits, p)
-
-   if (length(drop0) == 1L)
-      drop0 <- rep(drop0, p)
+   digits <- .expand1(digits, p)
+   drop0  <- .expand1(drop0, p)
 
    if (p != length(digits))
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Number of columns in 'x' (", p, ") does not match length of 'digits' (", length(digits), ").")))
diff --git a/R/escalc.r b/R/escalc.r
index 89a3454de..2fea1c323 100644
--- a/R/escalc.r
+++ b/R/escalc.r
@@ -341,8 +341,8 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
             } else {
                yi <- p1i.u - p2i.u
             }
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -416,8 +416,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
 
             yi <- (ai*di - bi*ci)/sqrt((ai+bi)*(ci+di)*(ai+ci)*(bi+di))
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -866,8 +865,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
 
             yi <- m1i - m2i
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -897,8 +895,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
             cmi <- .cmicalc(mi, correct=correct)
             yi <- cmi * di
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -938,8 +935,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
             di   <- (m1i - m2i) / sdpi
             yi   <- cmi * di
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -983,8 +979,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
 
             yi <- log(m1i/m2i)
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -1030,8 +1025,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
 
             if (is.element(measure, c("RPB","ZPB"))) { # this only applies when measure="RPB/ZPB"
 
-               if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-                  vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+               vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
                vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -1173,8 +1167,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
 
          if (is.element(measure, c("COR","UCOR"))) {
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -1283,8 +1276,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
 
             yi <- ri
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -1320,8 +1312,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
 
             yi <- ri
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -1408,8 +1399,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
 
             yi <- r2i
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -1557,8 +1547,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
                yi <- pri.u
             }
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -1614,8 +1603,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
                yi <- log(pri.u)
             }
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -1663,8 +1651,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
                yi <- log(pri.u/(1-pri.u))
             }
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -1908,8 +1895,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
             yi <- mi
             sdpi <- sqrt(.wmean(sdi^2, ni-1, na.rm=TRUE))
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -2101,8 +2087,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
             di <- (m1i - m2i) / sddiffi
             yi <- cmi * di
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -2135,8 +2120,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
             di <- (m1i - m2i) / sd1i
             yi <- cmi * di
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -2172,8 +2156,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
             di <- (m1i - m2i) / sd1i
             yi <- cmi * di
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -2206,8 +2189,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
             di <- (m1i - m2i) / sdpi
             yi <- cmi * di
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
@@ -2233,8 +2215,7 @@ data, slab, subset, include, add=1/2, to="only0", drop00=FALSE, vtype="LS", var.
             di <- (m1i - m2i) / sdpi
             yi <- cmi * di
 
-            if (length(vtype) == 1L)
-               vtype <- rep(vtype, k)
+            vtype <- .expand1(vtype, k)
 
             vi <- rep(NA_real_, k)
 
diff --git a/R/forest.cumul.rma.r b/R/forest.cumul.rma.r
index 060819c80..f048fe0e0 100644
--- a/R/forest.cumul.rma.r
+++ b/R/forest.cumul.rma.r
@@ -113,8 +113,7 @@ lty, fonts, cex, cex.lab, cex.axis, ...) {
 
    ### vertical expansion factor: 1st = CI end lines, 2nd = arrows
 
-   if (length(efac) == 1L)
-      efac <- rep(efac, 2L)
+   efac <- .expand1(efac, 2L)
 
    efac[efac == 0] <- NA
 
@@ -250,20 +249,17 @@ lty, fonts, cex, cex.lab, cex.axis, ...) {
 
    }
 
-   if (length(pch) == 1L)
-      pch <- rep(pch, k)
+   pch <- .expand1(pch, k)
 
    if (length(pch) != k)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'pch' argument (", length(pch), ") does not correspond to the number of outcomes (", k, ").")))
 
-   if (length(psize) == 1L)
-      psize <- rep(psize, k)
+   psize <- .expand1(psize, k)
 
    if (length(psize) != k)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'psize' argument (", length(psize), ") does not correspond to the number of outcomes (", k, ").")))
 
-   if (length(col) == 1L)
-      col <- rep(col, k)
+   col <- .expand1(col, k)
 
    if (length(col) != k)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'col' argument (", length(col), ") does not correspond to the number of outcomes (", k, ").")))
@@ -748,8 +744,7 @@ lty, fonts, cex, cex.lab, cex.axis, ...) {
       if (missing(width)) {
          width <- apply(annotext, 2, function(x) max(nchar(x)))
       } else {
-         if (length(width) == 1L)
-            width <- rep(width, ncol(annotext))
+         width <- .expand1(width, ncol(annotext))
          if (length(width) != ncol(annotext))
             stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'width' argument (", length(width), ") does not the match number of annotation columns (", ncol(annotext), ").")))
       }
diff --git a/R/forest.default.r b/R/forest.default.r
index 2b460d814..71ec458f6 100644
--- a/R/forest.default.r
+++ b/R/forest.default.r
@@ -103,8 +103,7 @@ lty, fonts, cex, cex.lab, cex.axis, ...) {
 
    ### vertical expansion factor: 1st = CI end lines, 2nd = arrows
 
-   if (length(efac) == 1L)
-      efac <- rep(efac, 2L)
+   efac <- .expand1(efac, 2L)
 
    efac[efac == 0] <- NA
 
@@ -278,22 +277,20 @@ lty, fonts, cex, cex.lab, cex.axis, ...) {
 
    }
 
-   if (length(pch) == 1L)
-      pch <- rep(pch, k)                        # pch can be a single value (which is then repeated)
+   pch <- .expand1(pch, k) # pch can be a single value (which is then repeated)
 
    if (length(pch) != k)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'pch' argument (", length(pch), ") does not correspond to the number of outcomes (", k, ").")))
 
    if (!is.null(psize)) {
-      if (length(psize) == 1L)                  # psize can be a single value (which is then repeated)
-         psize <- rep(psize, k)
+      if (length(psize) == 1L)
+      psize <- .expand1(psize, k) # psize can be a single value (which is then repeated)
       if (length(psize) != k)
          stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'psize' argument (", length(psize), ") does not correspond to the number of outcomes (", k, ").")))
    }
 
    if (!is.null(col)) {
-      if (length(col) == 1L)                    # col can be a single value (which is then repeated)
-         col <- rep(col, k)
+      col <- .expand1(col, k) # col can be a single value (which is then repeated)
       if (length(col) != k)
          stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'col' argument (", length(col), ") does not correspond to the number of outcomes (", k, ").")))
    } else {
@@ -893,8 +890,7 @@ lty, fonts, cex, cex.lab, cex.axis, ...) {
       if (missing(width)) {
          width <- apply(annotext, 2, function(x) max(nchar(x)))
       } else {
-         if (length(width) == 1L)
-            width <- rep(width, ncol(annotext))
+         width <- .expand1(width, ncol(annotext))
          if (length(width) != ncol(annotext))
             stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'width' argument (", length(width), ") does not match the number of annotation columns (", ncol(annotext), ").")))
       }
diff --git a/R/forest.rma.r b/R/forest.rma.r
index 356403a1c..fb1d3ce7a 100644
--- a/R/forest.rma.r
+++ b/R/forest.rma.r
@@ -147,8 +147,7 @@ lty, fonts, cex, cex.lab, cex.axis, ...) {
 
    ### vertical expansion factor: 1st = CI/PI end lines, 2nd = arrows, 3rd = summary polygon or fitted polygons
 
-   if (length(efac) == 1L)
-      efac <- rep(efac, 3L)
+   efac <- .expand1(efac, 3L)
 
    if (length(efac) == 2L)
       efac <- c(efac[1], efac[1], efac[2]) # if 2 values specified: 1st = CI/PI end lines and arrows, 2nd = summary polygon or fitted polygons
@@ -334,8 +333,7 @@ lty, fonts, cex, cex.lab, cex.axis, ...) {
 
    }
 
-   if (length(pch) == 1L)
-      pch <- rep(pch, x$k.all)
+   pch <- .expand1(pch, x$k.all)
 
    if (length(pch) != x$k.all)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'pch' argument (", length(pch), ") does not correspond to the size of the original dataset (", x$k.all, ").")))
@@ -344,8 +342,7 @@ lty, fonts, cex, cex.lab, cex.axis, ...) {
 
    if (!is.null(psize)) {
 
-      if (length(psize) == 1L)
-         psize <- rep(psize, x$k.all)
+      psize <- .expand1(psize, x$k.all)
 
       if (length(psize) != x$k.all)
          stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'psize' argument (", length(psize), ") does not correspond to the size of the original dataset (", x$k.all, ").")))
@@ -354,8 +351,7 @@ lty, fonts, cex, cex.lab, cex.axis, ...) {
 
    }
 
-   if (length(colout) == 1L)
-      colout <- rep(colout, x$k.all)
+   colout <- .expand1(colout, x$k.all)
 
    if (length(colout) != x$k.all)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'colout' argument (", length(colout), ") does not correspond to the size of the original dataset (", x$k.all, ").")))
@@ -1161,8 +1157,7 @@ lty, fonts, cex, cex.lab, cex.axis, ...) {
       if (missing(width)) {
          width <- apply(annotext, 2, function(x) max(nchar(x)))
       } else {
-         if (length(width) == 1L)
-            width <- rep(width, ncol(annotext))
+         width <- .expand1(width, ncol(annotext))
          if (length(width) != ncol(annotext))
             stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'width' argument (", length(width), ") does not match the number of annotation columns (", ncol(annotext), ").")))
       }
diff --git a/R/formatters.r b/R/formatters.r
index 97d4bd776..6dce4bc93 100644
--- a/R/formatters.r
+++ b/R/formatters.r
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ fmtx <- function(x, digits=4, flag="", quote=FALSE, ...) {
 
    if (length(dim(x)) == 2L) {
 
-      if (length(digits) == 1L)
-         digits <- rep(digits, ncol(x))
+      digits <- .expand1(digits, ncol(x))
 
       out <- matrix("", nrow=nrow(x), ncol=ncol(x))
 
diff --git a/R/fsn.r b/R/fsn.r
index ee77261bd..c54f0f9e8 100644
--- a/R/fsn.r
+++ b/R/fsn.r
@@ -150,8 +150,7 @@ fsn <- function(x, vi, sei, subset, data, type, alpha=.05, target,
 
       ### allow easy setting of vi to a single value
 
-      if (length(vi) == 1L)
-         vi <- rep(vi, length(yi))
+      vi <- .expand1(vi, length(yi))
 
       ### check length of yi and vi
 
diff --git a/R/funnel.default.r b/R/funnel.default.r
index 7a595d4a4..513f83b13 100644
--- a/R/funnel.default.r
+++ b/R/funnel.default.r
@@ -174,8 +174,7 @@ label=FALSE, offset=0.4, legend=FALSE, ...) {
 
    ### note: digits can also be a list (e.g., digits=list(2L,3)); trailing 0's are dropped for integers
 
-   if (length(lty) == 1L)
-      lty <- rep(lty, 2L) # 1st value = funnel lines, 2nd value = reference line
+   lty <- .expand1(lty, 2L) # 1st value = funnel lines, 2nd value = reference line
 
    if (length(pch) == 1L) {
       pch.vec <- FALSE
diff --git a/R/funnel.rma.r b/R/funnel.rma.r
index 5fe0055c3..c4e50db35 100644
--- a/R/funnel.rma.r
+++ b/R/funnel.rma.r
@@ -128,8 +128,7 @@ label=FALSE, offset=0.4, legend=FALSE, ...) {
 
    ### note: digits can also be a list (e.g., digits=list(2L,3)); trailing 0's are dropped for integers
 
-   if (length(lty) == 1L)
-      lty <- rep(lty, 2L) # 1st value = funnel lines, 2nd value = reference line
+   lty <- .expand1(lty, 2L) # 1st value = funnel lines, 2nd value = reference line
 
    ### note: slab, pch, col, and bg (if vectors) must be of the same length as the original dataset
    ###       so we have to apply the same subsetting (if necessary) and removing of NAs as was
diff --git a/R/labbe.rma.r b/R/labbe.rma.r
index df8ecbd04..2bb41537e 100644
--- a/R/labbe.rma.r
+++ b/R/labbe.rma.r
@@ -97,8 +97,7 @@ add=x$add, to=x$to, transf, targs, pch=21, psize, plim=c(0.5,3.5), col, bg, lty,
    ###       so we have to apply the same subsetting (if necessary) and removing of NAs as was
    ###       done during the model fitting (note: NAs are removed further below)
 
-   if (length(pch) == 1L)
-      pch <- rep(pch, x$k.all)
+   pch <- .expand1(pch, x$k.all)
 
    if (length(pch) != x$k.all)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'pch' argument (", length(pch), ") does not correspond to the size of the original dataset (", x$k.all, ").")))
@@ -108,8 +107,7 @@ add=x$add, to=x$to, transf, targs, pch=21, psize, plim=c(0.5,3.5), col, bg, lty,
    ### if user has set the point sizes
 
    if (!is.null(psize)) {
-      if (length(psize) == 1L)
-         psize <- rep(psize, x$k.all)
+      psize <- .expand1(psize, x$k.all)
       if (length(psize) != x$k.all)
          stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'psize' argument (", length(psize), ") does not correspond to the size of the original dataset (", x$k.all, ").")))
       psize <- .getsubset(psize, x$subset)
@@ -118,8 +116,7 @@ add=x$add, to=x$to, transf, targs, pch=21, psize, plim=c(0.5,3.5), col, bg, lty,
    if (missing(col))
       col <- par("fg")
 
-   if (length(col) == 1L)
-      col <- rep(col, x$k.all)
+   col <- .expand1(col, x$k.all)
 
    if (length(col) != x$k.all)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'col' argument (", length(col), ") does not correspond to the size of the original dataset (", x$k.all, ").")))
@@ -129,8 +126,7 @@ add=x$add, to=x$to, transf, targs, pch=21, psize, plim=c(0.5,3.5), col, bg, lty,
    if (missing(bg))
       bg <- .coladj(par("bg","fg"), dark=0.35, light=-0.35)
 
-   if (length(bg) == 1L)
-      bg <- rep(bg, x$k.all)
+   bg <- .expand1(bg, x$k.all)
 
    if (length(bg) != x$k.all)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'bg' argument (", length(bg), ") does not correspond to the size of the original dataset (", x$k.all, ").")))
diff --git a/R/llplot.r b/R/llplot.r
index 13d9e080f..36bd8e31c 100644
--- a/R/llplot.r
+++ b/R/llplot.r
@@ -194,30 +194,21 @@ lty, lwd, col, level=99.99, refline=0, ...) {
    ### if any of these arguments is not a single value, it must have the same length as the data before subsetting
 
    if (!is.null(lty)) {
-      if (length(lty) == 1L) {
-         lty <- rep(lty, k)
-      } else {
-         if (length(lty) != k)
-            stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'lty' argument (", length(lty), ") does not match length of data (", k, ").")))
-      }
+      lty <- .expand1(lty, k)
+      if (length(lty) != k)
+         stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'lty' argument (", length(lty), ") does not match length of data (", k, ").")))
    }
 
    if (!is.null(lwd)) {
-      if (length(lwd) == 1L) {
-         lwd <- rep(lwd, k)
-      } else {
-         if (length(lwd) != k)
+      lwd <- .expand1(lwd, k)
+      if (length(lwd) != k)
          stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'lwd' argument (", length(lwd), ") does not match length of data (", k, ").")))
-      }
    }
 
    if (!is.null(col)) {
-      if (length(col) == 1L) {
-         col <- rep(col, k)
-      } else {
-         if (length(col) != k)
-            stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'col' argument (", length(col), ") does not match length of data (", k, ").")))
-      }
+      col <- .expand1(col, k)
+      if (length(col) != k)
+         stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'col' argument (", length(col), ") does not match length of data (", k, ").")))
    }
 
    ### if a subset of studies is specified
diff --git a/R/misc.func.hidden.mv.r b/R/misc.func.hidden.mv.r
index 6f41f4b6d..1d3ca76ac 100644
--- a/R/misc.func.hidden.mv.r
+++ b/R/misc.func.hidden.mv.r
@@ -167,13 +167,11 @@
 
    ### allow quickly setting all tau2 values to a fixed value
 
-   if (length(tau2) == 1L)
-      tau2 <- rep(tau2, tau2s)
+   tau2 <- .expand1(tau2, tau2s)
 
    ### allow quickly setting all rho values to a fixed value
 
-   if (length(rho) == 1L)
-      rho <- rep(rho, rhos)
+   rho <- .expand1(rho, rhos)
 
    ### check if tau2 and rho are of correct length
 
@@ -1361,8 +1359,7 @@
 
       if (is.numeric(dfs)) {
          ddf <- dfs
-         if (length(ddf) == 1L)
-            ddf <- rep(ddf, p)
+         ddf <- .expand1(ddf, p)
          if (length(ddf) != p)
             stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'dfs' argument (", length(dfs), ") does not match the number of model coefficient (", p, ").")), call.=FALSE)
       }
diff --git a/R/misc.func.hidden.r b/R/misc.func.hidden.r
index 1153544a2..359738857 100644
--- a/R/misc.func.hidden.r
+++ b/R/misc.func.hidden.r
@@ -266,6 +266,12 @@
 
 }
 
+.expand1 <- function(x, k) {
+   if (length(x) == 1L)
+      x <- rep(x, k)
+   return(x)
+}
+
 ############################################################################
 
 ### function to format p-values (no longer used; use fmtp() instead)
diff --git a/R/plot.gosh.rma.r b/R/plot.gosh.rma.r
index 716980db0..8b59459e3 100644
--- a/R/plot.gosh.rma.r
+++ b/R/plot.gosh.rma.r
@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ xlim, ylim, xhist=TRUE, yhist=TRUE, hh=0.3, breaks, adjust, lwd, labels, ...) {
       trim <- ddd$trim
 
       if (!is.list(trim)) {
-         if (length(trim) == 1L)
-            trim <- rep(trim, ncol(x$res)-4L)
+         trim <- .expand1(trim, ncol(x$res)-4L)
          trim <- as.list(trim)
       }
 
diff --git a/R/plot.profile.rma.r b/R/plot.profile.rma.r
index 90e288b4c..d06fed4a7 100644
--- a/R/plot.profile.rma.r
+++ b/R/plot.profile.rma.r
@@ -91,8 +91,7 @@ plot.profile.rma <- function(x, xlim, ylim, pch=19, xlab, ylab, main, refline=TR
          if (missing.xlab) {
             xlab <- x[[j]]$xlab
          } else {
-            if (length(xlab) == 1L)
-               xlab <- rep(xlab, x$comps)
+            xlab <- .expand1(xlab, x$comps)
          }
 
          if (missing.ylab) {
@@ -102,16 +101,13 @@ plot.profile.rma <- function(x, xlim, ylim, pch=19, xlab, ylab, main, refline=TR
                ylab <- paste0(ifelse(x$method=="REML", "Restricted ", ""), "Log-Likelihood")
             }
          } else {
-            if (length(ylab) == 1L)
-               ylab <- rep(ylab, x$comps)
+            ylab <- .expand1(ylab, x$comps)
          }
 
          if (missing.main) {
             main <- x[[j]]$title
          } else {
-            if (length(main) == 1L) {
-               main <- rep(main, x$comps)
-            }
+            main <- .expand1(main, x$comps)
          }
 
          lplot(x[[j]], xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim, pch=pch,
diff --git a/R/predict.rma.ls.r b/R/predict.rma.ls.r
index 213517e22..3d300bdee 100644
--- a/R/predict.rma.ls.r
+++ b/R/predict.rma.ls.r
@@ -358,8 +358,7 @@ level, digits, transf, targs, vcov=FALSE, ...) {
          newvi <- 0
       } else {
          newvi <- ddd$newvi
-         if (length(newvi) == 1L)
-            newvi <- rep(newvi, k.new)
+         newvi <- .expand1(newvi, k.new)
          if (length(newvi) != k.new)
             stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'newvi' argument (", length(newvi), ") does not match the number of predicted values (", k.new, ").")))
       }
diff --git a/R/predict.rma.r b/R/predict.rma.r
index 02411765f..a08ed680d 100644
--- a/R/predict.rma.r
+++ b/R/predict.rma.r
@@ -239,8 +239,7 @@ level, digits, transf, targs, vcov=FALSE, ...) {
             }
 
             ### allow quick setting of all levels
-            if (length(tau2.levels) == 1L)
-               tau2.levels <- rep(tau2.levels, k.new)
+            tau2.levels <- .expand1(tau2.levels, k.new)
 
             ### check length of tau2.levels argument
             if (length(tau2.levels) != k.new)
@@ -280,8 +279,7 @@ level, digits, transf, targs, vcov=FALSE, ...) {
             }
 
             ### allow quick setting of all levels
-            if (length(gamma2.levels) == 1L)
-               gamma2.levels <- rep(gamma2.levels, k.new)
+            gamma2.levels <- .expand1(gamma2.levels, k.new)
 
             ### check length of gamma2.levels argument
             if (length(gamma2.levels) != k.new)
@@ -387,8 +385,7 @@ level, digits, transf, targs, vcov=FALSE, ...) {
       newvi <- 0
    } else {
       newvi <- ddd$newvi
-      if (length(newvi) == 1L)
-         newvi <- rep(newvi, k.new)
+      newvi <- .expand1(newvi, k.new)
       if (length(newvi) != k.new)
          stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'newvi' argument (", length(newvi), ") does not match the number of predicted values (", k.new, ").")))
    }
diff --git a/R/profile.rma.ls.r b/R/profile.rma.ls.r
index 9029859ac..0fb217ac0 100644
--- a/R/profile.rma.ls.r
+++ b/R/profile.rma.ls.r
@@ -182,13 +182,11 @@ profile.rma.ls <- function(fitted, alpha,
       ### apply alpha.min/alpha.max limits (if they exist) on vc.lb/vc.ub as well
 
       if (!is.null(x$control$alpha.min)) {
-         if (length(x$control$alpha.min) == 1L)
-            x$control$alpha.min <- rep(x$control$alpha.min, x$q)
+         x$control$alpha.min <- .expand1(x$control$alpha.min, x$q)
          vc.lb <- max(vc.lb, x$con$alpha.min[alpha])
       }
       if (!is.null(x$control$alpha.max)) {
-         if (length(x$control$alpha.max) == 1L)
-            x$control$alpha.max <- rep(x$control$alpha.max, x$q)
+         x$control$alpha.max <- .expand1(x$control$alpha.max, x$q)
          vc.ub <- min(vc.ub, x$con$alpha.max[alpha])
       }
 
diff --git a/R/ranef.rma.uni.r b/R/ranef.rma.uni.r
index db16766d8..b15526639 100644
--- a/R/ranef.rma.uni.r
+++ b/R/ranef.rma.uni.r
@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@ ranef.rma.uni <- function(object, level, digits, transf, targs, ...) {
    ### see Appendix in: Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (1985). Empirical
    ### Bayes meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Statistics, 10(2), 75-98
 
-   if (length(x$tau2.f) == 1L)
-      x$tau2.f <- rep(x$tau2.f, length(x$yi.f))
+   x$tau2.f <- .expand1(x$tau2.f, length(x$yi.f))
 
    li <- ifelse(is.infinite(x$tau2.f), 1, x$tau2.f / (x$tau2.f + x$vi.f))
 
diff --git a/R/regplot.rma.r b/R/regplot.rma.r
index 5ec0e3ef5..a901a5fbd 100644
--- a/R/regplot.rma.r
+++ b/R/regplot.rma.r
@@ -128,8 +128,7 @@ lcol, lwd, lty, legend=FALSE, xvals, ...) {
    if (missing(lcol)) {
       lcol <- c(rep(par("fg"), 3), .coladj(par("bg","fg"), dark=0.5, light=-0.5))
    } else {
-      if (length(lcol) == 1L)
-         lcol <- rep(lcol, 4L)
+      lcol <- .expand1(lcol, 4L)
       if (length(lcol) == 2L)
          lcol <- c(lcol[c(1,2,2)], .coladj(par("bg","fg"), dark=0.5, light=-0.5))
       if (length(lcol) == 3L)
@@ -139,8 +138,7 @@ lcol, lwd, lty, legend=FALSE, xvals, ...) {
    if (missing(lty)) {
       lty <- c("solid", "dashed", "dotted", "solid")
    } else {
-      if (length(lty) == 1L)
-         lty <- rep(lty, 4L)
+      lty <- .expand1(lty, 4L)
       if (length(lty) == 2L)
          lty <- c(lty[c(1,2,2)], "solid")
       if (length(lty) == 3L)
@@ -150,8 +148,7 @@ lcol, lwd, lty, legend=FALSE, xvals, ...) {
    if (missing(lwd)) {
       lwd <- c(3,1,1,2)
    } else {
-      if (length(lwd) == 1L)
-         lwd <- rep(lwd, 4L)
+      lwd <- .expand1(lwd, 4L)
       if (length(lwd) == 2L)
          lwd <- c(lwd[c(1,2,2)], 2)
       if (length(lwd) == 3L)
@@ -246,8 +243,7 @@ lcol, lwd, lty, legend=FALSE, xvals, ...) {
    ###       so we have to apply the same subsetting (if necessary) and removing of NAs as was
    ###       done during the model fitting (note: NAs are removed further below)
 
-   if (length(pch) == 1L)
-      pch <- rep(pch, x$k.all)
+   pch <- .expand1(pch, x$k.all)
 
    if (length(pch) != x$k.all)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'pch' argument (", length(pch), ") does not correspond to the size of the original dataset (", x$k.all, ").")))
@@ -272,8 +268,7 @@ lcol, lwd, lty, legend=FALSE, xvals, ...) {
 
       } else {
 
-         if (length(psize) == 1L)
-            psize <- rep(psize, x$k.all)
+         psize <- .expand1(psize, x$k.all)
 
          if (length(psize) != x$k.all)
             stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'psize' argument (", length(psize), ") does not correspond to the size of the original dataset (", x$k.all, ").")))
@@ -284,16 +279,14 @@ lcol, lwd, lty, legend=FALSE, xvals, ...) {
 
    }
 
-   if (length(col) == 1L)
-      col <- rep(col, x$k.all)
+   col <- .expand1(col, x$k.all)
 
    if (length(col) != x$k.all)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'col' argument (", length(col), ") does not correspond to the size of the original dataset (", x$k.all, ").")))
 
    col <- .getsubset(col, x$subset)
 
-   if (length(bg) == 1L)
-      bg <- rep(bg, x$k.all)
+   bg <- .expand1(bg, x$k.all)
 
    if (length(bg) != x$k.all)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'bg' argument (", length(bg), ") does not correspond to the size of the original dataset (", x$k.all, ").")))
@@ -319,8 +312,7 @@ lcol, lwd, lty, legend=FALSE, xvals, ...) {
          #if (!is.logical(label))
          #   stop(mstyle$stop("Argument 'label' must be a logical vector (or a single character string)."))
 
-         if (length(label) == 1L)
-            label <- rep(label, x$k.all)
+         label <- .expand1(label, x$k.all)
 
          if (length(label) != x$k.all)
             stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of the 'label' argument (", length(label), ") does not correspond to the size of the original dataset (", x$k.all, ").")))
diff --git a/R/replmiss.r b/R/replmiss.r
index fd889b377..c0f23ec44 100644
--- a/R/replmiss.r
+++ b/R/replmiss.r
@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ replmiss <- function(x, y, data) {
 
    ### in case user specifies a constant to use for replacement
 
-   if (length(y) == 1L)
-      y <- rep(y, length(x))
+   y <- .expand1(y, length(x))
 
    ### check that x and y are of the same length
 
diff --git a/R/rma.mv.r b/R/rma.mv.r
index 28fa610ad..b0b2bc638 100644
--- a/R/rma.mv.r
+++ b/R/rma.mv.r
@@ -418,8 +418,7 @@ cvvc=FALSE, sparse=FALSE, verbose=FALSE, digits, control, ...) {
 
          ### allow easy setting of W to a single value
 
-         if (length(W) == 1L)
-            W <- rep(W, k)
+         W <- .expand1(W, k)
 
          A <- diag(W, nrow=length(W), ncol=length(W))
 
@@ -922,8 +921,7 @@ cvvc=FALSE, sparse=FALSE, verbose=FALSE, digits, control, ...) {
 
       ### allow quickly setting all sigma2 values to a fixed value
 
-      if (length(sigma2) == 1L)
-         sigma2 <- rep(sigma2, sigma2s)
+      sigma2 <- .expand1(sigma2, sigma2s)
 
       ### check if sigma2 is of the correct length
 
@@ -1718,16 +1716,11 @@ cvvc=FALSE, sparse=FALSE, verbose=FALSE, digits, control, ...) {
 
    ### expand initial values to correct length
 
-   if (length(con$sigma2.init) == 1L)
-      con$sigma2.init <- rep(con$sigma2.init, sigma2s)
-   if (length(con$tau2.init) == 1L)
-      con$tau2.init <- rep(con$tau2.init, tau2s)
-   if (length(con$rho.init) == 1L)
-      con$rho.init <- rep(con$rho.init, rhos)
-   if (length(con$gamma2.init) == 1L)
-      con$gamma2.init <- rep(con$gamma2.init, gamma2s)
-   if (length(con$phi.init) == 1L)
-      con$phi.init <- rep(con$phi.init, phis)
+   con$sigma2.init <- .expand1(con$sigma2.init, sigma2s)
+   con$tau2.init   <- .expand1(con$tau2.init,   tau2s)
+   con$rho.init    <- .expand1(con$rho.init,    rhos)
+   con$gamma2.init <- .expand1(con$gamma2.init, gamma2s)
+   con$phi.init    <- .expand1(con$phi.init,    phis)
 
    ### checks on initial values set by the user (the initial values computed by the function are replaced by the user defined ones at this point)
 
@@ -1758,8 +1751,7 @@ cvvc=FALSE, sparse=FALSE, verbose=FALSE, digits, control, ...) {
 
    ### in case user manually sets con$cholesky and specifies only a single value
 
-   if (length(con$cholesky) == 1L)
-      con$cholesky <- rep(con$cholesky, 2L)
+   con$cholesky <- .expand1(con$cholesky, 2L)
 
    ### use of Cholesky factorization only applicable for models with "UN", "UNR", and "GEN" structure
 
diff --git a/R/rma.uni.r b/R/rma.uni.r
index 4f8186f80..b85745beb 100644
--- a/R/rma.uni.r
+++ b/R/rma.uni.r
@@ -336,8 +336,7 @@ test="z", level=95, btt, att, tau2, verbose=FALSE, digits, control, ...) {
 
       ### allow easy setting of vi to a single value
 
-      if (length(vi) == 1L)
-         vi <- rep(vi, k) # note: k is number of outcomes before subsetting
+      vi <- .expand1(vi, k) # note: k is number of outcomes before subsetting
 
       ### check length of yi and vi
 
@@ -741,8 +740,7 @@ test="z", level=95, btt, att, tau2, verbose=FALSE, digits, control, ...) {
 
    ### allow easy setting of weights to a single value
 
-   if (length(weights) == 1L)
-      weights <- rep(weights, k) # note: k is number of outcomes before subsetting
+   weights <- .expand1(weights, k) # note: k is number of outcomes before subsetting
 
    ### check length of yi and weights (only if weights is not NULL)
 
@@ -1812,8 +1810,7 @@ test="z", level=95, btt, att, tau2, verbose=FALSE, digits, control, ...) {
       if (missing(alpha) || is.null(alpha) || all(is.na(alpha))) {
          alpha <- rep(NA_real_, q)
       } else {
-         if (length(alpha) == 1L)
-            alpha <- rep(alpha, q)
+         alpha <- .expand1(alpha, q)
          if (length(alpha) != q)
             stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'alpha' argument (", length(alpha), ") does not match actual number of parameters (", q, ").")))
       }
@@ -1825,8 +1822,7 @@ test="z", level=95, btt, att, tau2, verbose=FALSE, digits, control, ...) {
          if (missing(beta) || is.null(beta) || all(is.na(beta))) {
             beta <- rep(NA_real_, p)
          } else {
-            if (length(beta) == 1L)
-               beta <- rep(beta, p)
+            beta <- .expand1(beta, p)
             if (length(beta) != p)
                stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'beta' argument (", length(beta), ") does not match actual number of parameters (", p, ").")))
          }
@@ -1951,11 +1947,8 @@ test="z", level=95, btt, att, tau2, verbose=FALSE, digits, control, ...) {
 
       ### set potential constraints on alpha values
 
-      if (length(con$alpha.min) == 1L)
-            con$alpha.min <- rep(con$alpha.min, q)
-
-      if (length(con$alpha.max) == 1L)
-            con$alpha.max <- rep(con$alpha.max, q)
+      con$alpha.min <- .expand1(con$alpha.min, q)
+      con$alpha.max <- .expand1(con$alpha.max, q)
 
       if (length(con$alpha.min) != q)
          stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Length of 'alpha.min' argument (", length(alpha.min), ") does not match actual number of parameters (", q, ").")))
diff --git a/R/selmodel.rma.uni.r b/R/selmodel.rma.uni.r
index 0608948d9..d1aabd848 100644
--- a/R/selmodel.rma.uni.r
+++ b/R/selmodel.rma.uni.r
@@ -692,8 +692,7 @@ selmodel.rma.uni <- function(x, type, alternative="greater", prec, delta, steps,
    if (missing(delta)) {
       delta <- rep(NA_real_, deltas)
    } else {
-      if (length(delta) == 1L)
-         delta <- rep(delta, deltas)
+      delta <- .expand1(delta, deltas)
       if (length(delta) != deltas)
          stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Argument 'delta' should be of length ", deltas, " for this type of selection model.")))
       for (j in seq_len(deltas)) {
@@ -724,8 +723,7 @@ selmodel.rma.uni <- function(x, type, alternative="greater", prec, delta, steps,
    if (!is.null(con$delta.min))
       delta.min <- con$delta.min
 
-   if (length(delta.min) == 1L)
-      delta.min <- rep(delta.min, deltas)
+   delta.min <- .expand1(delta.min, deltas)
    if (length(delta.min) != deltas)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Argument 'delta.min' should be of length ", deltas, " for this type of selection model.")))
    if (anyNA(delta.min))
@@ -748,8 +746,7 @@ selmodel.rma.uni <- function(x, type, alternative="greater", prec, delta, steps,
    if (!is.null(con$delta.max))
       delta.max <- con$delta.max
 
-   if (length(delta.max) == 1L)
-      delta.max <- rep(delta.max, deltas)
+   delta.max <- .expand1(delta.max, deltas)
    if (length(delta.max) != deltas)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Argument 'delta.max' should be of length ", deltas, " for this type of selection model.")))
    if (anyNA(delta.max))
@@ -775,8 +772,7 @@ selmodel.rma.uni <- function(x, type, alternative="greater", prec, delta, steps,
    if (!is.null(con$delta.init))
       delta.init <- con$delta.init
 
-   if (length(delta.init) == 1L)
-      delta.init <- rep(delta.init, deltas)
+   delta.init <- .expand1(delta.init, deltas)
    if (length(delta.init) != deltas)
       stop(mstyle$stop(paste0("Argument 'delta.init' should be of length ", deltas, " for this type of selection model.")))
    if (anyNA(delta.init))
diff --git a/R/summary.escalc.r b/R/summary.escalc.r
index bf60eba49..1b9fd47bd 100644
--- a/R/summary.escalc.r
+++ b/R/summary.escalc.r
@@ -71,8 +71,7 @@ H0=0, append=TRUE, replace=TRUE, level=95, olim, digits, transf, ...) {
 
    k <- length(yi)
 
-   if (length(H0) == 1L)
-      H0 <- rep(H0, k)
+   H0 <- .expand1(H0, k)
 
    ### compute sei, zi, and lower/upper CI bounds; when applying a transformation, compute the transformed outcome and CI bounds
 
diff --git a/R/transf.r b/R/transf.r
index 467f54aba..b3289819c 100644
--- a/R/transf.r
+++ b/R/transf.r
@@ -340,8 +340,7 @@ transf.rpbtorbis <- function(xi, pi) {
    if (missing(pi)) {
       pi <- 0.5
    } else {
-      if (length(pi) == 1L)
-         pi <- rep(pi, length(xi))
+      pi <- .expand1(pi, length(xi))
       if (length(xi) != length(pi))
          stop("Length of 'xi' does not match length of 'pi'.", call.=FALSE)
    }
@@ -354,8 +353,7 @@ transf.rtorpb <- function(xi, pi) {
    if (missing(pi)) {
       pi <- 0.5
    } else {
-      if (length(pi) == 1L)
-         pi <- rep(pi, length(xi))
+      pi <- .expand1(pi, length(xi))
       if (length(xi) != length(pi))
          stop("Length of 'xi' does not match length of 'pi'.", call.=FALSE)
    }
@@ -399,8 +397,7 @@ transf.rpbtod <- function(xi, n1i, n2i) {
 }
 
 transf.lnortord <- function(xi, pc) {
-   if (length(pc) == 1L)
-      pc <- rep(pc, length(xi))
+   pc <- .expand1(pc, length(xi))
    if (length(xi) != length(pc))
       stop("Length of 'xi' does not match length of 'pc'.", call.=FALSE)
    if (any(pc < 0) || any(pc > 1))
@@ -409,8 +406,7 @@ transf.lnortord <- function(xi, pc) {
 }
 
 transf.lnortorr <- function(xi, pc) {
-   if (length(pc) == 1L)
-      pc <- rep(pc, length(xi))
+   pc <- .expand1(pc, length(xi))
    if (length(xi) != length(pc))
       stop("Length of 'xi' does not match length of 'pc'.", call.=FALSE)
    if (any(pc < 0) || any(pc > 1))
diff --git a/R/zzz.r b/R/zzz.r
index 2a76b1780..3291c16a4 100644
--- a/R/zzz.r
+++ b/R/zzz.r
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 .onAttach <- function(libname, pkgname) {
 
-   ver <- "4.7-10"
+   ver <- "4.7-11"
 
    loadmsg <- paste0("\nLoading the 'metafor' package (version ", ver, "). For an\nintroduction to the package please type: help(metafor)\n")
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 45af22d4c..a55cbb3bb 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ metafor: A Meta-Analysis Package for R
 [![R build status](https://github.com/wviechtb/metafor/workflows/R-CMD-check/badge.svg)](https://github.com/wviechtb/metafor/actions)
 [![Code Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/wviechtb/metafor/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://app.codecov.io/gh/wviechtb/metafor)
 [![CRAN Version](https://www.r-pkg.org/badges/version/metafor)](https://cran.r-project.org/package=metafor)
-[![devel Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/devel-4.7--10-brightgreen.svg)](https://www.metafor-project.org/doku.php/installation#development_version)
+[![devel Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/devel-4.7--11-brightgreen.svg)](https://www.metafor-project.org/doku.php/installation#development_version)
 [![Monthly Downloads](https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/metafor)](https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/metafor)
 [![Total Downloads](https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/grand-total/metafor)](https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/grand-total/metafor)
 
diff --git a/docs/404.html b/docs/404.html
index 08c2da8c9..f837194d7 100644
--- a/docs/404.html
+++ b/docs/404.html
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="https://wviechtb.github.io/metafor/index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.html b/docs/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.html
index d77004f3c..1711b6510 100644
--- a/docs/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.html
+++ b/docs/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/articles/index.html b/docs/articles/index.html
index bbd92ed98..ae8c6184a 100644
--- a/docs/articles/index.html
+++ b/docs/articles/index.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/articles/pkgdown/diagram.html b/docs/articles/pkgdown/diagram.html
index b655814b4..39ccb2023 100644
--- a/docs/articles/pkgdown/diagram.html
+++ b/docs/articles/pkgdown/diagram.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/authors.html b/docs/authors.html
index 90e8a95a0..d10ad2b6e 100644
--- a/docs/authors.html
+++ b/docs/authors.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/index.html b/docs/index.html
index 81ddff3fe..563fe69ac 100644
--- a/docs/index.html
+++ b/docs/index.html
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
 <div class="section level1">
 <div class="page-header"><h1 id="metafor-a-meta-analysis-package-for-r">metafor: A Meta-Analysis Package for R<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#metafor-a-meta-analysis-package-for-r"></a>
 </h1></div>
-<p><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.en.html" class="external-link"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-GPL-blue" alt="License: GPL (&gt;=2)"></a> <a href="https://github.com/wviechtb/metafor/actions" class="external-link"><img src="https://github.com/wviechtb/metafor/workflows/R-CMD-check/badge.svg" alt="R build status"></a> <a href="https://app.codecov.io/gh/wviechtb/metafor" class="external-link"><img src="https://codecov.io/gh/wviechtb/metafor/branch/master/graph/badge.svg" alt="Code Coverage"></a> <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=metafor" class="external-link"><img src="https://www.r-pkg.org/badges/version/metafor" alt="CRAN Version"></a> <a href="https://www.metafor-project.org/doku.php/installation#development_version" class="external-link"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/devel-4.7–10-brightgreen.svg" alt="devel Version"></a> <a href="https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/metafor" class="external-link"><img src="https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/metafor" alt="Monthly Downloads"></a> <a href="https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/grand-total/metafor" class="external-link"><img src="https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/grand-total/metafor" alt="Total Downloads"></a></p>
+<p><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.en.html" class="external-link"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-GPL-blue" alt="License: GPL (&gt;=2)"></a> <a href="https://github.com/wviechtb/metafor/actions" class="external-link"><img src="https://github.com/wviechtb/metafor/workflows/R-CMD-check/badge.svg" alt="R build status"></a> <a href="https://app.codecov.io/gh/wviechtb/metafor" class="external-link"><img src="https://codecov.io/gh/wviechtb/metafor/branch/master/graph/badge.svg" alt="Code Coverage"></a> <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=metafor" class="external-link"><img src="https://www.r-pkg.org/badges/version/metafor" alt="CRAN Version"></a> <a href="https://www.metafor-project.org/doku.php/installation#development_version" class="external-link"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/devel-4.7–11-brightgreen.svg" alt="devel Version"></a> <a href="https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/metafor" class="external-link"><img src="https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/metafor" alt="Monthly Downloads"></a> <a href="https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/grand-total/metafor" class="external-link"><img src="https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/grand-total/metafor" alt="Total Downloads"></a></p>
 <div class="section level2">
 <h2 id="description">Description<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#description"></a>
 </h2>
diff --git a/docs/news/index.html b/docs/news/index.html
index 5a1c83c27..74d26ebf7 100644
--- a/docs/news/index.html
+++ b/docs/news/index.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ <h1 data-toc-skip>Changelog <small></small></h1>
     </div>
 
     <div class="section level2">
-<h2 class="page-header" data-toc-text="4.7-10" id="metafor-47-10-2024-04-29">metafor 4.7-10 (2024-04-29)<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#metafor-47-10-2024-04-29"></a></h2>
+<h2 class="page-header" data-toc-text="4.7-11" id="metafor-47-11-2024-05-06">metafor 4.7-11 (2024-05-06)<a class="anchor" aria-label="anchor" href="#metafor-47-11-2024-05-06"></a></h2>
 <ul><li><p><code><a href="../reference/rma.mv.html">rma.mv()</a></code> now counts the number of levels of a random effect more appropriately; this may trigger more often the check whether the number of levels is equal to 1, in which case the corresponding variance component is automatically fixed to 0; this check can be omitted with <code>control=list(check.k.gtr.1=FALSE)</code></p></li>
 <li><p>made optimizers <code>Rcgmin</code> and <code>Rvmmin</code> available again via the <code>optimx</code> package</p></li>
 <li><p>argument <code>shade</code> in <code><a href="../reference/funnel.html">funnel()</a></code> now automatically uses a color gradient for the regions when multiple <code>level</code> values are specified</p></li>
diff --git a/docs/pkgdown.yml b/docs/pkgdown.yml
index 398310c9d..755700ded 100644
--- a/docs/pkgdown.yml
+++ b/docs/pkgdown.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ pkgdown: 2.0.9
 pkgdown_sha: ~
 articles:
   diagram: pkgdown/diagram.html
-last_built: 2024-04-29T08:38Z
+last_built: 2024-05-06T14:02Z
 urls:
   reference: https://wviechtb.github.io/metafor/reference
   article: https://wviechtb.github.io/metafor/articles
diff --git a/docs/reference/addpoly.default.html b/docs/reference/addpoly.default.html
index cfb992c01..ac32e6989 100644
--- a/docs/reference/addpoly.default.html
+++ b/docs/reference/addpoly.default.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/addpoly.html b/docs/reference/addpoly.html
index 0fa82c5e2..d18a879af 100644
--- a/docs/reference/addpoly.html
+++ b/docs/reference/addpoly.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/addpoly.predict.rma.html b/docs/reference/addpoly.predict.rma.html
index 11bbe30db..ab1b62bc0 100644
--- a/docs/reference/addpoly.predict.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/addpoly.predict.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/addpoly.rma.html b/docs/reference/addpoly.rma.html
index b0cbe5ace..deb68adca 100644
--- a/docs/reference/addpoly.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/addpoly.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/aggregate.escalc.html b/docs/reference/aggregate.escalc.html
index 267bed933..fb37d9e29 100644
--- a/docs/reference/aggregate.escalc.html
+++ b/docs/reference/aggregate.escalc.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/anova.rma.html b/docs/reference/anova.rma.html
index a3c3cc942..6ead9e460 100644
--- a/docs/reference/anova.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/anova.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/baujat.html b/docs/reference/baujat.html
index 02e7e3434..e81a110af 100644
--- a/docs/reference/baujat.html
+++ b/docs/reference/baujat.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/bldiag.html b/docs/reference/bldiag.html
index 1a39cfc62..884d80e13 100644
--- a/docs/reference/bldiag.html
+++ b/docs/reference/bldiag.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/blsplit.html b/docs/reference/blsplit.html
index 2b9a9aac6..142e89422 100644
--- a/docs/reference/blsplit.html
+++ b/docs/reference/blsplit.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/blup.html b/docs/reference/blup.html
index 6f26e2f5b..1bfb80150 100644
--- a/docs/reference/blup.html
+++ b/docs/reference/blup.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/coef.permutest.rma.uni.html b/docs/reference/coef.permutest.rma.uni.html
index 2fad92cb3..2144631bb 100644
--- a/docs/reference/coef.permutest.rma.uni.html
+++ b/docs/reference/coef.permutest.rma.uni.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/coef.rma.html b/docs/reference/coef.rma.html
index c39f2dc6f..45bf590a8 100644
--- a/docs/reference/coef.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/coef.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/confint.rma.html b/docs/reference/confint.rma.html
index 3a28f1c6d..9a5459fbe 100644
--- a/docs/reference/confint.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/confint.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/contrmat.html b/docs/reference/contrmat.html
index b33d2f670..c07c896c1 100644
--- a/docs/reference/contrmat.html
+++ b/docs/reference/contrmat.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/conv.2x2.html b/docs/reference/conv.2x2.html
index 9cab41075..e925e8830 100644
--- a/docs/reference/conv.2x2.html
+++ b/docs/reference/conv.2x2.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/conv.delta.html b/docs/reference/conv.delta.html
index 3636eb17b..ec63e042d 100644
--- a/docs/reference/conv.delta.html
+++ b/docs/reference/conv.delta.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/conv.fivenum.html b/docs/reference/conv.fivenum.html
index 8447f6f54..b176759cf 100644
--- a/docs/reference/conv.fivenum.html
+++ b/docs/reference/conv.fivenum.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/conv.wald.html b/docs/reference/conv.wald.html
index 8ecac9b15..790ee6d76 100644
--- a/docs/reference/conv.wald.html
+++ b/docs/reference/conv.wald.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/cumul.html b/docs/reference/cumul.html
index 1f7705fb6..a620c055b 100644
--- a/docs/reference/cumul.html
+++ b/docs/reference/cumul.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/dfround.html b/docs/reference/dfround.html
index a38190764..45d409014 100644
--- a/docs/reference/dfround.html
+++ b/docs/reference/dfround.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/emmprep.html b/docs/reference/emmprep.html
index f734c7a63..570f64ff9 100644
--- a/docs/reference/emmprep.html
+++ b/docs/reference/emmprep.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/escalc.html b/docs/reference/escalc.html
index acacd7772..e5871e188 100644
--- a/docs/reference/escalc.html
+++ b/docs/reference/escalc.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/fitstats.html b/docs/reference/fitstats.html
index 40a84c46e..9a67605e4 100644
--- a/docs/reference/fitstats.html
+++ b/docs/reference/fitstats.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/fitted.rma.html b/docs/reference/fitted.rma.html
index 407422dec..0c1b2e913 100644
--- a/docs/reference/fitted.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/fitted.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/forest.cumul.rma.html b/docs/reference/forest.cumul.rma.html
index 9e9fe1fa6..a1771ec7d 100644
--- a/docs/reference/forest.cumul.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/forest.cumul.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/forest.default.html b/docs/reference/forest.default.html
index 224416823..9a1cecfcd 100644
--- a/docs/reference/forest.default.html
+++ b/docs/reference/forest.default.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/forest.html b/docs/reference/forest.html
index 9995aa21d..f892a253a 100644
--- a/docs/reference/forest.html
+++ b/docs/reference/forest.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/forest.rma.html b/docs/reference/forest.rma.html
index abc8d0b69..516214841 100644
--- a/docs/reference/forest.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/forest.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/formatters.html b/docs/reference/formatters.html
index fc7fdcef1..9545b9062 100644
--- a/docs/reference/formatters.html
+++ b/docs/reference/formatters.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/formula.rma.html b/docs/reference/formula.rma.html
index bbcfc497b..c9c8da00d 100644
--- a/docs/reference/formula.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/formula.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
@@ -143,13 +143,13 @@ <h2>Examples</h2>
 <span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">res</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="rma.uni.html">rma</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">yi</span>, <span class="va">vi</span>, mods <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">ablat</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="va">alloc</span>, data<span class="op">=</span><span class="va">dat</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
 <span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">formula</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">res</span>, type<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">"mods"</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> ~ablat + alloc</span>
-<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> &lt;environment: 0x55d7333c3220&gt;</span>
+<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> &lt;environment: 0x55dfafcd7d50&gt;</span>
 <span class="r-in"><span></span></span>
 <span class="r-in"><span><span class="co">### specify moderators via 'yi' argument</span></span></span>
 <span class="r-in"><span><span class="va">res</span> <span class="op">&lt;-</span> <span class="fu"><a href="rma.uni.html">rma</a></span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">yi</span> <span class="op">~</span> <span class="va">ablat</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="va">alloc</span>, <span class="va">vi</span>, data<span class="op">=</span><span class="va">dat</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
 <span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">formula</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">res</span>, type<span class="op">=</span><span class="st">"yi"</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> yi ~ ablat + alloc</span>
-<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> &lt;environment: 0x55d72f76a930&gt;</span>
+<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> &lt;environment: 0x55dfab3a0ba8&gt;</span>
 </code></pre></div>
     </div>
   </div>
diff --git a/docs/reference/fsn.html b/docs/reference/fsn.html
index 14bbdee25..218986610 100644
--- a/docs/reference/fsn.html
+++ b/docs/reference/fsn.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/funnel.html b/docs/reference/funnel.html
index 91f84e67d..141a43284 100644
--- a/docs/reference/funnel.html
+++ b/docs/reference/funnel.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/gosh.html b/docs/reference/gosh.html
index 08217e3e5..38867dc78 100644
--- a/docs/reference/gosh.html
+++ b/docs/reference/gosh.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/hc.html b/docs/reference/hc.html
index b4095ccd5..19f1f8f07 100644
--- a/docs/reference/hc.html
+++ b/docs/reference/hc.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/index.html b/docs/reference/index.html
index 769f02804..ca59f59f7 100644
--- a/docs/reference/index.html
+++ b/docs/reference/index.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/influence.rma.mv.html b/docs/reference/influence.rma.mv.html
index e8b16712f..c40e9f829 100644
--- a/docs/reference/influence.rma.mv.html
+++ b/docs/reference/influence.rma.mv.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/influence.rma.uni.html b/docs/reference/influence.rma.uni.html
index 6a4c2240b..7ab1b0553 100644
--- a/docs/reference/influence.rma.uni.html
+++ b/docs/reference/influence.rma.uni.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/labbe.html b/docs/reference/labbe.html
index 85d6d98f4..a22a20d72 100644
--- a/docs/reference/labbe.html
+++ b/docs/reference/labbe.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/leave1out.html b/docs/reference/leave1out.html
index cfeb7a880..d0ef8bbc1 100644
--- a/docs/reference/leave1out.html
+++ b/docs/reference/leave1out.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/llplot.html b/docs/reference/llplot.html
index bac4f75e9..7d9158a2c 100644
--- a/docs/reference/llplot.html
+++ b/docs/reference/llplot.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/matreg.html b/docs/reference/matreg.html
index 7892e52e4..529e881f5 100644
--- a/docs/reference/matreg.html
+++ b/docs/reference/matreg.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/metafor-package.html b/docs/reference/metafor-package.html
index 868ab92fa..a0d90bcb5 100644
--- a/docs/reference/metafor-package.html
+++ b/docs/reference/metafor-package.html
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/metafor.news.html b/docs/reference/metafor.news.html
index 89c8e2042..950d02854 100644
--- a/docs/reference/metafor.news.html
+++ b/docs/reference/metafor.news.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ <h2>References</h2>
     <h2>Examples</h2>
     <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code><span class="r-in"><span><span class="co"># \dontrun{</span></span></span>
 <span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">metafor.news</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
-<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span>                  Changes in version 4.7-10 (2024-04-29)                 </span>
+<span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span>                  Changes in version 4.7-11 (2024-05-06)                 </span>
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> </span>
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span>   - rma.mv() now counts the number of levels of a random effect more</span>
 <span class="r-out co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span>     appropriately; this may trigger more often the check whether the</span>
diff --git a/docs/reference/methods.anova.rma.html b/docs/reference/methods.anova.rma.html
index 0373405d7..5502058a2 100644
--- a/docs/reference/methods.anova.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/methods.anova.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/methods.confint.rma.html b/docs/reference/methods.confint.rma.html
index caf772df9..495f1001b 100644
--- a/docs/reference/methods.confint.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/methods.confint.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/methods.escalc.html b/docs/reference/methods.escalc.html
index 28cebefe5..d441bb2f5 100644
--- a/docs/reference/methods.escalc.html
+++ b/docs/reference/methods.escalc.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/methods.list.rma.html b/docs/reference/methods.list.rma.html
index db09d47ca..0cff5df72 100644
--- a/docs/reference/methods.list.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/methods.list.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/methods.matreg.html b/docs/reference/methods.matreg.html
index b88d8e53f..1f719cc43 100644
--- a/docs/reference/methods.matreg.html
+++ b/docs/reference/methods.matreg.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/methods.vif.rma.html b/docs/reference/methods.vif.rma.html
index 7f0251342..ea22a8b04 100644
--- a/docs/reference/methods.vif.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/methods.vif.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/mfopt.html b/docs/reference/mfopt.html
index 2db6800d9..fa8f1fff1 100644
--- a/docs/reference/mfopt.html
+++ b/docs/reference/mfopt.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/misc-models.html b/docs/reference/misc-models.html
index 9cf0bb6c6..caf2c90de 100644
--- a/docs/reference/misc-models.html
+++ b/docs/reference/misc-models.html
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/misc-options.html b/docs/reference/misc-options.html
index e0fe15e8b..5555545b1 100644
--- a/docs/reference/misc-options.html
+++ b/docs/reference/misc-options.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/misc-recs.html b/docs/reference/misc-recs.html
index c06136003..7a8384e9b 100644
--- a/docs/reference/misc-recs.html
+++ b/docs/reference/misc-recs.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/model.matrix.rma.html b/docs/reference/model.matrix.rma.html
index 9ec6184f7..d8f959aa9 100644
--- a/docs/reference/model.matrix.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/model.matrix.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/permutest.html b/docs/reference/permutest.html
index 281f81259..221702072 100644
--- a/docs/reference/permutest.html
+++ b/docs/reference/permutest.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/plot.cumul.rma.html b/docs/reference/plot.cumul.rma.html
index 983a7c055..eeb91e888 100644
--- a/docs/reference/plot.cumul.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/plot.cumul.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/plot.gosh.rma.html b/docs/reference/plot.gosh.rma.html
index c10eaaad7..21ddb7118 100644
--- a/docs/reference/plot.gosh.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/plot.gosh.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/plot.infl.rma.uni.html b/docs/reference/plot.infl.rma.uni.html
index fa2fe5733..62c918356 100644
--- a/docs/reference/plot.infl.rma.uni.html
+++ b/docs/reference/plot.infl.rma.uni.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/plot.permutest.rma.uni.html b/docs/reference/plot.permutest.rma.uni.html
index 8a13d5b13..0db1008a9 100644
--- a/docs/reference/plot.permutest.rma.uni.html
+++ b/docs/reference/plot.permutest.rma.uni.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/plot.rma.html b/docs/reference/plot.rma.html
index b8d33c55b..f75629ded 100644
--- a/docs/reference/plot.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/plot.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/plot.rma.uni.selmodel.html b/docs/reference/plot.rma.uni.selmodel.html
index 6566f995a..6fbadd773 100644
--- a/docs/reference/plot.rma.uni.selmodel.html
+++ b/docs/reference/plot.rma.uni.selmodel.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/plot.vif.rma.html b/docs/reference/plot.vif.rma.html
index d1598c56f..0a42f3099 100644
--- a/docs/reference/plot.vif.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/plot.vif.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/predict.rma.html b/docs/reference/predict.rma.html
index 14af734c7..3dc748003 100644
--- a/docs/reference/predict.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/predict.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/print.anova.rma.html b/docs/reference/print.anova.rma.html
index 3358671a6..f573aaf4b 100644
--- a/docs/reference/print.anova.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/print.anova.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/print.confint.rma.html b/docs/reference/print.confint.rma.html
index 0a6ddc078..4a966a622 100644
--- a/docs/reference/print.confint.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/print.confint.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/print.escalc.html b/docs/reference/print.escalc.html
index d1061fe88..545938f0b 100644
--- a/docs/reference/print.escalc.html
+++ b/docs/reference/print.escalc.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/print.fsn.html b/docs/reference/print.fsn.html
index 6aab21d47..87f422268 100644
--- a/docs/reference/print.fsn.html
+++ b/docs/reference/print.fsn.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/print.gosh.rma.html b/docs/reference/print.gosh.rma.html
index 6d2b2e734..b5a39380c 100644
--- a/docs/reference/print.gosh.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/print.gosh.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/print.hc.rma.uni.html b/docs/reference/print.hc.rma.uni.html
index e4efa75ce..dce4faa09 100644
--- a/docs/reference/print.hc.rma.uni.html
+++ b/docs/reference/print.hc.rma.uni.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/print.list.rma.html b/docs/reference/print.list.rma.html
index 0fa41c501..4353829a4 100644
--- a/docs/reference/print.list.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/print.list.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/print.matreg.html b/docs/reference/print.matreg.html
index 180ea8be1..217e3f167 100644
--- a/docs/reference/print.matreg.html
+++ b/docs/reference/print.matreg.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/print.permutest.rma.uni.html b/docs/reference/print.permutest.rma.uni.html
index e69f0e68a..dad392a51 100644
--- a/docs/reference/print.permutest.rma.uni.html
+++ b/docs/reference/print.permutest.rma.uni.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/print.ranktest.rma.html b/docs/reference/print.ranktest.rma.html
index fe9fe4062..c6451de96 100644
--- a/docs/reference/print.ranktest.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/print.ranktest.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/print.regtest.rma.html b/docs/reference/print.regtest.rma.html
index b7397c5d4..8486bad2e 100644
--- a/docs/reference/print.regtest.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/print.regtest.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/print.rma.html b/docs/reference/print.rma.html
index d0a8a59ae..d88356ab5 100644
--- a/docs/reference/print.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/print.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/profile.rma.html b/docs/reference/profile.rma.html
index 43ba362f9..c377c4f3f 100644
--- a/docs/reference/profile.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/profile.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/qqnorm.rma.html b/docs/reference/qqnorm.rma.html
index a044744fa..0c89caa66 100644
--- a/docs/reference/qqnorm.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/qqnorm.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/radial.html b/docs/reference/radial.html
index 54e8d5d40..04bb7997c 100644
--- a/docs/reference/radial.html
+++ b/docs/reference/radial.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/ranef.html b/docs/reference/ranef.html
index 56903b44f..d4ef33858 100644
--- a/docs/reference/ranef.html
+++ b/docs/reference/ranef.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/ranktest.html b/docs/reference/ranktest.html
index 636902c0c..3560f7527 100644
--- a/docs/reference/ranktest.html
+++ b/docs/reference/ranktest.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/rcalc.html b/docs/reference/rcalc.html
index a791b2bb4..bfb376860 100644
--- a/docs/reference/rcalc.html
+++ b/docs/reference/rcalc.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/regplot.html b/docs/reference/regplot.html
index d8dc57482..58e796fff 100644
--- a/docs/reference/regplot.html
+++ b/docs/reference/regplot.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/regtest.html b/docs/reference/regtest.html
index c9789ad46..bf630a96d 100644
--- a/docs/reference/regtest.html
+++ b/docs/reference/regtest.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/replmiss.html b/docs/reference/replmiss.html
index 08bbb56ad..e223e61a7 100644
--- a/docs/reference/replmiss.html
+++ b/docs/reference/replmiss.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/reporter.html b/docs/reference/reporter.html
index 12415a2b2..8dba90afa 100644
--- a/docs/reference/reporter.html
+++ b/docs/reference/reporter.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
@@ -185,12 +185,12 @@ <h2>Examples</h2>
 <span class="r-in"><span><span class="co">### generate report</span></span></span>
 <span class="r-in"><span><span class="fu">reporter</span><span class="op">(</span><span class="va">res</span><span class="op">)</span></span></span>
 <span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> </span>
-<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> Directory for generating the report is: /tmp/RtmpGX9VeD</span>
+<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> Directory for generating the report is: /tmp/RtmpiApxRb</span>
 <span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> Copying references.bib and apa.csl to report directory ...</span>
 <span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> Saving model object to report_res.rdata ...</span>
 <span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> Creating report_res.rmd file ...</span>
 <span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> Rendering report_res.rmd file ...</span>
-<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> Generated /tmp/RtmpGX9VeD/report_res.html ...</span>
+<span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> Generated /tmp/RtmpiApxRb/report_res.html ...</span>
 <span class="r-msg co"><span class="r-pr">#&gt;</span> Opening report ...</span>
 </code></pre></div>
     </div>
diff --git a/docs/reference/residuals.rma.html b/docs/reference/residuals.rma.html
index a21e98d5b..b0c3bf797 100644
--- a/docs/reference/residuals.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/residuals.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/rma.glmm.html b/docs/reference/rma.glmm.html
index 6525c1ca6..dd6ece0ea 100644
--- a/docs/reference/rma.glmm.html
+++ b/docs/reference/rma.glmm.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/rma.mh.html b/docs/reference/rma.mh.html
index 0b87ab4fe..6fc4940d2 100644
--- a/docs/reference/rma.mh.html
+++ b/docs/reference/rma.mh.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/rma.mv.html b/docs/reference/rma.mv.html
index e5850a113..3ddfe3382 100644
--- a/docs/reference/rma.mv.html
+++ b/docs/reference/rma.mv.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/rma.peto.html b/docs/reference/rma.peto.html
index 9bb390429..bb116b879 100644
--- a/docs/reference/rma.peto.html
+++ b/docs/reference/rma.peto.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/rma.uni.html b/docs/reference/rma.uni.html
index 89e4ea2af..40b47ce65 100644
--- a/docs/reference/rma.uni.html
+++ b/docs/reference/rma.uni.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/robust.html b/docs/reference/robust.html
index f5df0cdfe..2f2724b5a 100644
--- a/docs/reference/robust.html
+++ b/docs/reference/robust.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/se.html b/docs/reference/se.html
index de1fdeadb..ffaf743ad 100644
--- a/docs/reference/se.html
+++ b/docs/reference/se.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/selmodel.html b/docs/reference/selmodel.html
index c34c812dc..2de3b1b00 100644
--- a/docs/reference/selmodel.html
+++ b/docs/reference/selmodel.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/simulate.rma.html b/docs/reference/simulate.rma.html
index 1120c66a8..af9db336f 100644
--- a/docs/reference/simulate.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/simulate.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/tes.html b/docs/reference/tes.html
index a140f5594..296f19450 100644
--- a/docs/reference/tes.html
+++ b/docs/reference/tes.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/to.long.html b/docs/reference/to.long.html
index 0bfa01c11..ac7a1711f 100644
--- a/docs/reference/to.long.html
+++ b/docs/reference/to.long.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/to.table.html b/docs/reference/to.table.html
index 6c353cc5b..683887eb1 100644
--- a/docs/reference/to.table.html
+++ b/docs/reference/to.table.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/to.wide.html b/docs/reference/to.wide.html
index 3c997672b..4c00262db 100644
--- a/docs/reference/to.wide.html
+++ b/docs/reference/to.wide.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/transf.html b/docs/reference/transf.html
index a37532fda..d2988a36a 100644
--- a/docs/reference/transf.html
+++ b/docs/reference/transf.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/trimfill.html b/docs/reference/trimfill.html
index 8853be14a..cd6469ec6 100644
--- a/docs/reference/trimfill.html
+++ b/docs/reference/trimfill.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/update.rma.html b/docs/reference/update.rma.html
index 80ded9909..92d3b163f 100644
--- a/docs/reference/update.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/update.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/vcalc.html b/docs/reference/vcalc.html
index 9cef10d1b..ed2caf096 100644
--- a/docs/reference/vcalc.html
+++ b/docs/reference/vcalc.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/vcov.rma.html b/docs/reference/vcov.rma.html
index b0a9383b7..0dfc0e236 100644
--- a/docs/reference/vcov.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/vcov.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/vec2mat.html b/docs/reference/vec2mat.html
index 2830aed65..9ec1ed782 100644
--- a/docs/reference/vec2mat.html
+++ b/docs/reference/vec2mat.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/vif.html b/docs/reference/vif.html
index 878495fd4..305990b89 100644
--- a/docs/reference/vif.html
+++ b/docs/reference/vif.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/docs/reference/weights.rma.html b/docs/reference/weights.rma.html
index e52b5f5a3..4954759c5 100644
--- a/docs/reference/weights.rma.html
+++ b/docs/reference/weights.rma.html
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
       </button>
       <span class="navbar-brand">
         <a class="navbar-link" href="../index.html">metafor</a>
-        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-10</span>
+        <span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="">4.7-11</span>
       </span>
     </div>