diff --git a/packages/helpers/src/input-generators.ts b/packages/helpers/src/input-generators.ts
index e78eeb6..99403c2 100644
--- a/packages/helpers/src/input-generators.ts
+++ b/packages/helpers/src/input-generators.ts
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ export async function generateJWTVerifierInputs(
         let isVerified;
         try {
             isVerified = await verifyJWT(rawJWT, publicKey);
-        } catch (error) {
+        } catch (error: any) {
             throw new JWTVerificationError(
                 `JWT verification failed: ${error.message}`
             );
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ export async function generateJWTVerifierInputs(
             nonceKeyStartIndex: nonceKeyStartIndex.toString(),
             commandLength: commandLength.toString(),
         };
-    } catch (error) {
+    } catch (error: any) {
         if (
             error instanceof JWTVerificationError ||
             error instanceof InvalidInputError
diff --git a/packages/helpers/src/jwt.ts b/packages/helpers/src/jwt.ts
index 37b4400..692689f 100644
--- a/packages/helpers/src/jwt.ts
+++ b/packages/helpers/src/jwt.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export function generateJWT(header: object, payload: object): JWTComponents {
     );
 
     const signature = key.sign(
-        `${headerString}.${payloadString}`,
+        Buffer.from(`${headerString}.${payloadString}`),
         "base64",
         "utf8"
     );
@@ -43,7 +43,16 @@ export function generateJWT(header: object, payload: object): JWTComponents {
         e: key.exportKey("components").e,
     };
 
-    return { rawJWT, publicKey };
+    return {
+        rawJWT,
+        publicKey: {
+            ...publicKey,
+            e:
+                typeof publicKey.e === "number"
+                    ? publicKey.e
+                    : parseInt(publicKey.e.toString("hex"), 16),
+        },
+    };
 }
 
 /**
@@ -77,9 +86,9 @@ export async function verifyJWT(
     try {
         const isValidSignature = key.verify(
             Buffer.from(dataToVerify),
-            Buffer.from(signatureString, "base64"),
+            signatureString,
             "utf8",
-            "buffer"
+            "base64"
         );
 
         const isValidBase64 = /^[A-Za-z0-9+/]*={0,2}$/.test(signatureString);