introduce test_e2e

[jonathanperret]

The goal is to test the AYAB firmware at a higher level by looking at the Arduino interactions instead of mocking parts of the firmware.

This is a test-only PR: it does not change any code in the built firmware. The few alterations made to files outside the test subdirectory are removing test-specific overrides so that more of the code can be tested.

This involves creating a realistic model of a knitting machine's behavior, so that for example a test can simulate moving a carriage over a position sensor and the model will accurately simulate the encoder pulses and sensor values.

In this PR, the KnittingMachine class implements this model. Its own test suite (in test_knitting_machine.cpp), unrelated to the AYAB firmware, consists of tests that can be reproduced on a real machine to confirm the model's accuracy.

Still to do before review:

• implement needle selection in KnittingMachine model
• write tests that look at selected needles rather than peeking inside the firmware state
• (maybe) drive firmware through serial commands rather than poking inside the firmware state
• improve test readability as much as possible
• complete this list

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