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πŸ“š Week 6

πŸ—„οΈ Database Normalization

Understanding Database Normalization

  • What is Database Normalization?
    • Database normalization is the process of structuring a relational database to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity.
    • It involves organizing the columns (attributes) and tables (relations) of a database to ensure that their dependencies are properly enforced.

Normal Forms

  • 1NF (First Normal Form):

    • Each table cell should contain a single value.
    • Each record needs to be unique.
  • 2NF (Second Normal Form):

    • Be in 1NF.
    • Single Column Primary Key that does not functionally depend on any subset of candidate key relation.
  • 3NF (Third Normal Form):

    • Be in 2NF.
    • Has no transitive functional dependencies.

🎨 Practical Exercise: Normalizing a Database

  • Task: Normalize the given robot inventory table to 3NF.
  • Instructions:
    • Analyze the table and identify any data redundancy or anomalies.
    • Apply the necessary normalization steps to achieve 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF.
    • Create the normalized tables and define the primary and foreign key relationships.

πŸ’‘ Discussion

  • Discuss the benefits of database normalization in terms of data integrity, storage efficiency, and maintainability.
  • Explore the trade-offs between normalization and performance in real-world scenarios.

πŸ“‹ SQL CREATE TABLE

Understanding CREATE TABLE

  • What is CREATE TABLE?
    • The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a new table in a database.
    • It defines the structure of the table, including the column names, data types, and constraints.

Basic Syntax of CREATE TABLE

  • Syntax:

    CREATE TABLE table_name (
        column1 datatype,
        column2 datatype,
        column3 datatype,
        ...
    );
  • Example:

    CREATE TABLE robots (
        id INT PRIMARY KEY,
        name VARCHAR(255),
        model VARCHAR(100),
        manufacturer VARCHAR(255)
    );

🌍 Practical Exercise: Creating Tables for a Robot Database

  • Task: Create tables for a robot database using SQL CREATE TABLE statements.
  • Instructions:
    • Design tables for robots, components, and assembly records.
    • Define the appropriate columns, data types, and constraints for each table.
    • Establish primary and foreign key relationships between the tables.
    • Execute the CREATE TABLE statements to create the tables in the database.

πŸ’‘ Discussion

  • Discuss the importance of choosing appropriate data types and constraints when creating tables.
  • Explore best practices for naming tables and columns in a database.

πŸ”‘ Primary Key and Foreign Key

Understanding Primary Key

  • What is a Primary Key?
    • A primary key is a column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each record in a table.
    • It ensures the integrity and uniqueness of the data within the table.

Understanding Foreign Key

  • What is a Foreign Key?
    • A foreign key is a column or set of columns in one table that refers to the primary key of another table.
    • It establishes a link between the data in two tables and enforces referential integrity.

🎨 Practical Exercise: Implementing Primary and Foreign Keys

  • Task: Modify the tables created in the previous exercise to include primary and foreign keys.
  • Instructions:
    • Identify the appropriate columns to serve as primary keys for each table.
    • Alter the table definitions to add primary key constraints.
    • Establish foreign key relationships between the tables based on the identified relationships.
    • Update the CREATE TABLE statements to include the primary and foreign key constraints.

πŸ’‘ Discussion

  • Discuss the role of primary and foreign keys in maintaining data integrity and establishing relationships between tables.
  • Explore the concept of referential integrity and its importance in database design.

πŸ“Š Data Definition Language (DDL)

Understanding DDL

  • What is DDL?
    • DDL stands for Data Definition Language.
    • It is a subset of SQL used to define and manage the structure of database objects.
    • DDL statements are used to create, modify, and delete database objects such as tables, indexes, and constraints.

Common DDL Statements

  • CREATE:

    • Used to create new database objects, such as tables, views, or indexes.
    • Example: CREATE TABLE robots (...);
  • ALTER:

    • Used to modify the structure of existing database objects.
    • Example: ALTER TABLE robots ADD COLUMN serial_number VARCHAR(20);
  • DROP:

    • Used to remove database objects from the database.
    • Example: DROP TABLE robots;

🧩 Practical Project: Robot Inventory System

Project Description

  • Develop a simple robot inventory system using SQL and the concepts learned in Week 6.
  • The system should allow managers to track robot models, components, and assembly records.

Project Requirements

  • Design and create tables for robots, components, and assembly records using SQL CREATE TABLE statements.
  • Normalize the database to 3NF to ensure data integrity and minimize redundancy.
  • Implement primary and foreign key constraints to establish relationships between tables.
  • Use DDL statements to create, modify, and delete database objects as needed.

πŸš€ Implementation Steps

  • Step 1: Analyze the requirements and design the database schema for the robot inventory system.
  • Step 2: Write SQL CREATE TABLE statements to create the necessary tables with appropriate columns and data types.
  • Step 3: Apply normalization techniques to the tables to achieve 3NF.
  • Step 4: Identify and implement primary and foreign key constraints to establish relationships between tables.
  • Step 5: Use DDL statements to make any necessary modifications to the database structure.
  • Step 6: Test the database by inserting sample data and verifying the integrity and relationships.

πŸ’‘ Discussion

  • Discuss how the concepts learned in Week 6 (Database Normalization, CREATE TABLE, Primary Key, Foreign Key, DDL) are applied in the robot inventory system project.

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