Lathe/Design/Materials refactoring + misc changes (#5123)

## About The Pull Request

rewrites lathes 
they are now embeddable within other interfaces, have unified controls +
queue management, and have support for using

- materials
- reagents
- even using / transforming existing items

rewrites /datum/design to be semi-singletons
adds SSresearch to hold designs
rewrites atom material system a bit

also:

- adds MIT license identifiers to some of my old TGUI work of which I am
the only one on the git history. i'd like to keep the tgui section and
my own code samples in there as MIT instead of AGPL.
- removes vorestation id restorers from maps because they're unused
nowadays
- removes partslathe as they're basically just unused
- Revamps sheetmaterials stylesheet as it really didn't need to just be
stacks.dmi

## Why It's Good For The Game

lathes sorely needed a redo
we want good materials support ontop of that.
also fixes autolathes :)

the "also" part is already covered above.

## Changelog

:cl:
refactor: lathes are completely rewritten
fix: autolathe x5 and x10 buttons
del: autolathes can no longer be hacked. all hacked recipes are instead
accessible as normal recipes.
del: partslathes - redundant
del: id restoration consoles - unused / prohibited by server rules
/:cl:

---------

Co-authored-by: silicons <[email protected]>

code/__DEFINES/_flags/atom_flags.dm

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 /// should not get harmed if this gets caught by an explosion?
 #define PREVENT_CONTENTS_EXPLOSION	(1<<22)
 */
-#define HTML_USE_INITAL_ICON		(1<<23)
+#define HTML_USE_INITIAL_ICON		(1<<23)
 
 DEFINE_BITFIELD(atom_flags, list(
 	BITFIELD(ATOM_INITIALIZED),
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ DEFINE_BITFIELD(atom_flags, list(
 	BITFIELD(OPENCONTAINER),
 	BITFIELD(PHORONGUARD),
 	BITFIELD(NOPRINT),
+	BITFIELD(HTML_USE_INITIAL_ICON),
 ))
 
 //! /atom/movable/var/movable_flags

code/__DEFINES/_flags/item_flags.dm

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #define ITEM_NOBLUDGEON			(1<<2)
 /// for all things that are technically items but used for various different stuff
 #define ITEM_ABSTRACT			(1<<3)
-/// is this item in a storage component?
+/// is this item in a storage datum?
 #define ITEM_IN_STORAGE			(1<<4)
 /// we can't be caught when hitting a mob on throw
 #define ITEM_THROW_UNCATCHABLE	(1<<5)
@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@
 #define ITEM_MULTIHAND_WIELDED	(1<<7)
 /// don't allow help intent attacking
 #define ITEM_CAREFUL_BLUDGEON	(1<<8)
+/// allow easy lathe deconstruction
+#define ITEM_EASY_LATHE_DECONSTRUCT (1<<9)
+/// do not allow lathe deconstruction
+#define ITEM_NO_LATHE_DECONSTRUCT (1<<10)
+/// stack-like handling for ingredients
+#define ITEM_MASS_INGREDIENT (1<<11)
 
 DEFINE_BITFIELD(item_flags, list(
 	BITFIELD(ITEM_IN_INVENTORY),
@@ -28,6 +34,9 @@ DEFINE_BITFIELD(item_flags, list(
 	BITFIELD(ITEM_NO_TOOL_ATTACK),
 	BITFIELD(ITEM_MULTIHAND_WIELDED),
 	BITFIELD(ITEM_CAREFUL_BLUDGEON),
+	BITFIELD(ITEM_EASY_LATHE_DECONSTRUCT),
+	BITFIELD(ITEM_NO_LATHE_DECONSTRUCT),
+	BITFIELD(ITEM_MASS_INGREDIENT),
 ))
 
 //! Flags for the clothing_flags var on /obj/item

code/__DEFINES/_lists.dm

@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@
 // Returns the key based on the index
 #define KEYBYINDEX(L, index) (((index <= length(L)) && (index > 0)) ? L[index] : null)
 
+/// sanitize a lazy null-or-entry-or-list into always a list
+#define COERCE_OPTIONS_LIST(Entry) (islist(Entry)? Entry : (isnull(Entry)? list() : list(Entry)))
+/// COERCE_OPTIONS_LIST but does it to an existing variablew.
+#define COERCE_OPTIONS_LIST_IN(Variable) Variable = COERCE_OPTIONS_LIST(Variable)
+
 /// Passed into BINARY_INSERT to compare keys
 #define COMPARE_KEY __BIN_LIST[__BIN_MID]
 /// Passed into BINARY_INSERT to compare values

code/__DEFINES/controllers/_subsystems.dm

@@ -94,15 +94,15 @@ DEFINE_BITFIELD(runlevels, list(
 #define INIT_ORDER_INSTRUMENTS     50
 #define INIT_ORDER_EARLY_ASSETS    48
 #define INIT_ORDER_CHEMISTRY       35
-#define INIT_ORDER_MATERIALS       30
+#define INIT_ORDER_MATERIALS       34
 #define INIT_ORDER_PHOTOGRAPHY     27
 #define INIT_ORDER_MAPPING         25
 #define INIT_ORDER_LEGACY_ATC      24
 #define INIT_ORDER_LEGACY_LORE     23
 #define INIT_ORDER_LOBBY           22
-#define INIT_ORDER_DECALS          20
 #define INIT_ORDER_PLANTS          19
 #define INIT_ORDER_ALARMS          18
+#define INIT_ORDER_RESEARCH        17
 #define INIT_ORDER_ATOMS           15
 #define INIT_ORDER_MACHINES        10
 #define INIT_ORDER_SHUTTLES        3
@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ DEFINE_BITFIELD(runlevels, list(
 #define INIT_ORDER_CIRCUIT        -60
 #define INIT_ORDER_AI             -70
 #define INIT_ORDER_PATH           -98
-#define INIT_ORDER_OPENSPACE      -99
 #define INIT_ORDER_CHAT           -100  //! Should be last to ensure chat remains smooth during init.
 
 

code/__DEFINES/datums/design.dm

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//? lathe_type bitfield
+
+#define LATHE_TYPE_AUTOLATHE (1<<0)
+#define LATHE_TYPE_PROTOLATHE (1<<1)
+#define LATHE_TYPE_CIRCUIT (1<<2)
+#define LATHE_TYPE_PROSTHETICS (1<<3)
+#define LATHE_TYPE_MECHA (1<<4)
+#define LATHE_TYPE_BIOPRINTER (1<<5)
+
+DEFINE_BITFIELD(lathe_type, list(
+	BITFIELD(LATHE_TYPE_AUTOLATHE),
+	BITFIELD(LATHE_TYPE_PROTOLATHE),
+	BITFIELD(LATHE_TYPE_CIRCUIT),
+	BITFIELD(LATHE_TYPE_PROSTHETICS),
+	BITFIELD(LATHE_TYPE_MECHA),
+	BITFIELD(LATHE_TYPE_BIOPRINTER),
+))
+
+//? design_unlock bitfield
+
+/// any lathe that can print us should have us always
+#define DESIGN_UNLOCK_INTRINSIC (1<<0)
+/// any lathe that can print us can have us uploaded
+#define DESIGN_UNLOCK_UPLOAD (1<<1)
+
+DEFINE_BITFIELD(design_unlock, list(
+	BITFIELD(DESIGN_UNLOCK_INTRINSIC),
+	BITFIELD(DESIGN_UNLOCK_UPLOAD),
+))
+
+//? design_flags bitfield
+
+/// do not scale with efficiency
+#define DESIGN_NO_SCALE (1<<0)
+/// unit tests should ignore the lack of materials
+#define DESIGN_IGNORE_RESOURCE_SANITY (1<<2)
+
+DEFINE_BITFIELD(design_flags, list(
+	BITFIELD(DESIGN_NO_SCALE),
+	BITFIELD(DESIGN_IGNORE_RESOURCE_SANITY),
+))

code/__DEFINES/ingredients.dm

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//? types; sync to tgui when modifying.
+
+#define INGREDIENT_DATA_TYPE "type" //! type of ingredient
+#define INGREDIENT_DATA_AMOUNT "amt" //! amount to use; what this means depends on type
+#define INGREDIENT_DATA_ALLOW "allow" //! what to allow; data depends on type
+#define INGREDIENT_DATA_NAME "name" //! name in selection uis
+#define INGREDIENT_DATA_KEY "key" //! what's passed back from use ingredients
+
+/**
+ * select: material id
+ * amount: sheets
+ * allowed: null for any, otherwise list of material ids
+ * return: material id
+ */
+#define INGREDIENT_TYPE_MATERIAL "material"
+/**
+ * select: reagent id
+ * amount: units
+ * allowed: null for any, otherwise list of reagent ids
+ * return: reagent id
+ */
+#define INGREDIENT_TYPE_REAGENT "reagent"
+/**
+ * select: stack path
+ * amount: stack amount
+ * allowed: null for any, otherwise list of typepaths
+ * return: stack path
+ */
+#define INGREDIENT_TYPE_STACK "stack"
+/**
+ * select: item ref
+ * amount: item count
+ * allowed: null for any, otherwise list of typepaths, associate TRUE to enforce exact, otherwise subtypes work
+ * return: list of item instances; all selected items are deleted if unkeyed
+ */
+#define INGREDIENT_TYPE_ITEM "item"

code/__DEFINES/materials/balancing.dm

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//? master file for balancing / efficiency tuning
+
+//* efficiency
+
+/// scale a lathe's efficiency to upgrade level
+#define MATERIAL_EFFICIENCY_LATHE_SCALE(tier) max(0, 1.1 - tier * 0.1)

code/__DEFINES/materials/misc.dm

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+
+// Material Defines
+#define MAT_BANANIUM		"bananium"
+#define MAT_CARBON			"carbon"
+#define MAT_CHITIN			"chitin"
+#define MAT_COPPER			"copper"
+#define MAT_DIAMOND			"diamond"
+#define MAT_DURASTEEL		"durasteel"
+#define MAT_DURASTEELHULL	"durasteel hull"
+#define MAT_GLASS			"glass"
+#define MAT_GOLD			"gold"
+#define MAT_GRAPHITE		"graphite"
+#define MAT_HARDLOG			"hardwood log"
+#define MAT_HARDWOOD		"hardwood"
+#define MAT_HEMATITE		"hematite"
+#define MAT_IRON			"iron"
+#define MAT_LEAD			"lead"
+#define MAT_LEATHER			"leather"
+#define MAT_LOG				"log"
+#define MAT_MARBLE			"marble"
+#define MAT_METALHYDROGEN	"mhydrogen"
+#define MAT_MORPHIUM		"morphium"
+#define MAT_MORPHIUMHULL	"morphium hull"
+#define MAT_OSMIUM			"osmium"
+#define MAT_PHORON			"phoron"
+#define MAT_PLASTEEL		"plasteel"
+#define MAT_PLASTEELHULL	"plasteel hull"
+#define MAT_PLASTIC			"plastic"
+#define MAT_PLATINUM		"platinum"
+#define MAT_SIFLOG			"alien log"
+#define MAT_SIFWOOD			"alien wood"
+#define MAT_SILENCIUM		"silencium"
+#define MAT_SILVER			"silver"
+#define MAT_SNOW			"snow"
+#define MAT_STEEL			"steel"
+#define MAT_STEELHULL		"steel hull"
+#define MAT_SUPERMATTER		"supermatter"
+#define MAT_TITANIUM		"titanium"
+#define MAT_TITANIUMHULL	"titanium hull"
+#define MAT_URANIUM			"uranium"
+#define MAT_VALHOLLIDE		"valhollide"
+#define MAT_VAUDIUM			"vaudium"
+#define MAT_VERDANTIUM		"verdantium"
+#define MAT_WOOD			"wood"
+
+
+#define SHARD_SHARD			"shard"
+#define SHARD_SHRAPNEL		"shrapnel"
+#define SHARD_STONE_PIECE	"piece"
+#define SHARD_SPLINTER		"splinters"
+#define SHARD_NONE			""
+
+#define MATERIAL_UNMELTABLE	0x1
+#define MATERIAL_BRITTLE	0x2
+#define MATERIAL_PADDING	0x4
+
+/// Amount table damage is multiplied by if it is made of a brittle material (e.g. glass)
+#define TABLE_BRITTLE_MATERIAL_MULTIPLIER 4
+
+#define SHEET_MATERIAL_AMOUNT 2000

code/__DEFINES/misc.dm

@@ -131,65 +131,6 @@ Will print: "/mob/living/carbon/human/death" (you can optionally embed it in a s
 #define WALL_CAN_OPEN	1
 #define WALL_OPENING	2
 
-
-// Material Defines
-#define MAT_BANANIUM		"bananium"
-#define MAT_CARBON			"carbon"
-#define MAT_CHITIN			"chitin"
-#define MAT_COPPER			"copper"
-#define MAT_DIAMOND			"diamond"
-#define MAT_DURASTEEL		"durasteel"
-#define MAT_DURASTEELHULL	"durasteel hull"
-#define MAT_GLASS			"glass"
-#define MAT_GOLD			"gold"
-#define MAT_GRAPHITE		"graphite"
-#define MAT_HARDLOG			"hardwood log"
-#define MAT_HARDWOOD		"hardwood"
-#define MAT_HEMATITE		"hematite"
-#define MAT_IRON			"iron"
-#define MAT_LEAD			"lead"
-#define MAT_LEATHER			"leather"
-#define MAT_LOG				"log"
-#define MAT_MARBLE			"marble"
-#define MAT_METALHYDROGEN	"mhydrogen"
-#define MAT_MORPHIUM		"morphium"
-#define MAT_MORPHIUMHULL	"morphium hull"
-#define MAT_OSMIUM			"osmium"
-#define MAT_PHORON			"phoron"
-#define MAT_PLASTEEL		"plasteel"
-#define MAT_PLASTEELHULL	"plasteel hull"
-#define MAT_PLASTIC			"plastic"
-#define MAT_PLATINUM		"platinum"
-#define MAT_SIFLOG			"alien log"
-#define MAT_SIFWOOD			"alien wood"
-#define MAT_SILENCIUM		"silencium"
-#define MAT_SILVER			"silver"
-#define MAT_SNOW			"snow"
-#define MAT_STEEL			"steel"
-#define MAT_STEELHULL		"steel hull"
-#define MAT_SUPERMATTER		"supermatter"
-#define MAT_TITANIUM		"titanium"
-#define MAT_TITANIUMHULL	"titanium hull"
-#define MAT_URANIUM			"uranium"
-#define MAT_VALHOLLIDE		"valhollide"
-#define MAT_VAUDIUM			"vaudium"
-#define MAT_VERDANTIUM		"verdantium"
-#define MAT_WOOD			"wood"
-
-
-#define SHARD_SHARD			"shard"
-#define SHARD_SHRAPNEL		"shrapnel"
-#define SHARD_STONE_PIECE	"piece"
-#define SHARD_SPLINTER		"splinters"
-#define SHARD_NONE			""
-
-#define MATERIAL_UNMELTABLE	0x1
-#define MATERIAL_BRITTLE	0x2
-#define MATERIAL_PADDING	0x4
-
-/// Amount table damage is multiplied by if it is made of a brittle material (e.g. glass)
-#define TABLE_BRITTLE_MATERIAL_MULTIPLIER 4
-
 #define BOMBCAP_DVSTN_RADIUS	(max_explosion_range/4)
 #define BOMBCAP_HEAVY_RADIUS	(max_explosion_range/2)
 #define BOMBCAP_LIGHT_RADIUS	max_explosion_range

code/__DEFINES/power/balancing.dm

@@ -1,14 +1,49 @@
 //? master file for balancing / efficiency tuning
 
-//* Machinery
-/// Idle usage of a nanite chamber in watts
-#define POWER_USAGE_NANITE_CHAMBER_IDLE 100
-/// Active usage of a nanite chamber in watts
-#define POWER_USAGE_NANITE_CHAMBER_ACTIVE 5000
+//* Cells
+
+/// the closest thing we'll get to a cvar - cellrate is kJ per cell unit. kJ to avoid float precision loss.
+GLOBAL_VAR_INIT(cellrate, 0.5)
+/**
+ * current calculations
+ * cellrate 0.5 = 0.5 kj/unit
+ * for 10k cell, 5000kj
+ * 1 Wh = 60J-S*60s/m = 3600J = 3.6kJ
+ * 10k cell --> 1388.89 Wh
+ * damn, future cells be pogging
+ */
+/// the closest thing we'll get to a cvar - affects cell use_scaled - higher = things use less energy. handheld devices usually use this.
+GLOBAL_VAR_INIT(cellefficiency, 1)
 
 //* Computers
 
 /// Idle usage of a mid-range control computer in watts
 #define POWER_USAGE_COMPUTER_MID_IDLE 50
 /// Active usage of a mid-range control computer in watts
 #define POWER_USAGE_COMPUTER_MID_ACTIVE 500
+
+//* Equipment
+
+/// cost of shield difussion in cell units
+#define CELL_COST_SHIELD_DIFFUSION			120
+
+//* Machinery
+
+/// idle power usage of a lathe in watts
+#define POWER_USAGE_LATHE_IDLE 25
+/// active power usage of lathe scaling to decisecond work unit (e.g. 4x speed lathe is 4 for input) in watts
+#define POWER_USAGE_LATHE_ACTIVE_SCALE(factor) (factor * 1000)
+/// Idle usage of a nanite chamber in watts
+#define POWER_USAGE_NANITE_CHAMBER_IDLE 100
+/// Active usage of a nanite chamber in watts
+#define POWER_USAGE_NANITE_CHAMBER_ACTIVE 5000
+
+//* Misc
+
+//#define THERMOMACHINE_CHEAT_FACTOR						1
+#define RECHARGER_CHEAT_FACTOR							5
+#define SYNTHETIC_NUTRITION_KJ_PER_UNIT					10
+#define SYNTHETIC_NUTRITION_INDUCER_CHEAT_FACTOR		2
+#define CYBORG_POWER_USAGE_MULTIPLIER					2
+#define SPACE_HEATER_CHEAT_FACTOR						1.5
+#define THERMOREGULATOR_CHEAT_FACTOR					5