#97: Add more environments to test in CI

[tlamonthezie]

Fixes #97

It includes:

1. Build and test on MacOS (Python 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.1, 3.12)

• macos-12 with clang (AppleClang)
• macos-13 with clang (AppleClang)
• macos-14 with clang (AppleClang)
• Use of Github cache for VTK sources and build for mac os workflow

Contrary to workflows running ubuntu, mac os tests do not rely on docker/dockerhub to retain a built version of vtk (vtk takes near 30 minutes to build on GH). It uses instead the github caching system to be able to reuse VTK src & build files when the workflow is re-triggered (Info: On GH cached data is removed if it is not used during 7 days and max cache is 10Gb size total inclusing all caches)
Note: Apple does not provide official docker images that's why the caching system has been used. Then running build & tests directly on the macos runner might be more relevant.

2. Refactoring for CI shell scripts and move also some shell commands to shell scripts that are used now both by docker containers (ubuntu) and github runners (macos)

• add or edit setup, build and test scripts in ci directory for both MacOS or Ubuntu usage.

3. Add additional Ubuntu configurations:

• Add Ubuntu 24.04 / gcc-13 / vtk 9.3.1.
  Important: there is a VTK build issue on Ubuntu 24.04 when using OSMESA. The bug occurs when building inner vtkglew dependency. It seems to be caused by osmesa drivers on that platform. It might be linked to that known bug: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mesa/+bug/2066353.

4. Add Python versions:

• MacOs: python 3.8 to 3.12 (through conda environments)
• Ubuntu: added python 3.9, 3.10, 3.1, 3.12 to test bindings (new base docker images include python 3.8 to 3.12, pushdockerimage workflow updated as well). Test images now build python bindings in each py* conda environment.

Other updates

• Update badges in README.md (Build and Test (ubuntu) and Build and Test (macos)

**POST MERGE NOTICE:

• Docker images ubuntu_*-py_3.8 will become unused by vt-tv CI as it is replaced by ubuntu_-py_3.all and might be removed from the dockerhub repository if not used elsewhere