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Phaser 3 Workshop

Let's build a Phaser 3 Game with Typescript and Parcel 🤯

View the end result

Workshop Contents

  • Preparations
  • Components of the game
  • Typescript Classes
  • Game settings
  • Scenes
  • Adding images and text
  • Button
  • Adding a Sprite
  • Arcade Physics
  • Controls
  • Using Groups
  • Platforms
  • Collisions
  • Keeping score and drawing a life bar
  • Camera and world size
  • Finished workshop files
  • Publishing your game
  • Documentation
  • Using Parcel

Preparing

Install all the tools. You need NodeJS 10 to use npm. (Node 12 may have some issues!).

sudo npm install -g typescript
sudo npm install -g parcel-bundler

Clone or download this repository. Create the node_modules folder. Then, check if everything is running:

npm install
npm run start

Open http://localhost:1234 to view the project!

Components of the game

components

Typescript Classes

A generic Typescript class looks like this. You don't need let when declaring properties (lives). Methods (showLives) don't need the function keyword. The create and update methods are automatically called by Phaser. The this keyword is used to refer to properties (lives) and methods (showLives) of a class.

export class Player {

    lives = 3

    constructor() {
        console.log("I am a player")
    }

    create() {
        this.showLives()
    }

    showLives(){
        console.log("Number of lives: " + this.lives)
    }

    update(){
        console.log("Updating 60 times per second")
    }
}

Game Settings

Look at app.ts to decide the main settings for your game. Points of interest are the physics engine and gravity value, the canvas size and the pixelArt rendering option.

Scenes

A scene is a game screen. This project uses 4 scenes. In app.ts you have to define which scenes you use. import the scene and add it to the scenes variable

scene: [BootScene, StartScene, GameScene, EndScene],

Look at start-scene.ts to see the setup for a simple scene. You can switch scenes during your game:

this.scene.start('StartScene')

The boot-scene is used to preload all game assets. An image assets gets a keyword (sky) to reference it later in the game. Once all images are loaded, the boot-scene automatically starts the start-scene

this.load.image('sky', require('../assets/background.jpg'))

Adding images and text to a scene

Use addImage and addText to add images and text to a scene. By using setOrigin() you decide the center point of images and text.

export class GameScene extends Phaser.Scene {

    constructor() {
        super({key: "GameScene"})
    }
    
    public create(): void {
        this.add.image(0, 0, 'background')
        this.add.image(0, 0, 'item').setOrigin(0, 0)
        this.add.text(40, 150, 'Lives: 3', { fontFamily: 'Arial', fontSize: 40, color: '#FFF' })
    }
}

Buttons

You can detect pointer clicks on a whole scene:

create() {
    this.input.once('pointerdown', (pointer) => {
        this.scene.start('GameScene')
    })
}

By using setInteractive() on a gameobject you can create single buttons

create() {
    let btn1 = this.add.image(100,500, 'mybutton')
    btn1.setInteractive()
    btn1.on('pointerdown', (pointer) => {
        this.scene.start('GameScene')
    })
}

Practice

Give each scene a different background image and text. To use your own images, load them in boot-scene! We will add code to switch between scenes:

In the boot scene, use this.scene.start('StartScene') to go to the startscene when all images are loaded. In the StartScene, create a button or a generic click handler, which will take the player to the GameScene. Do the same for the EndScene. Check if we can switch between scenes now!

Adding a sprite

You can add a sprite in several ways, but in this workshop we will use classes to add new physics sprites. First we need a class in the objects folder. The sprite adds itself to the scene and the physics world in the constructor function. Because this is a physics sprite, we can also add velocity.

export class Player extends Phaser.Physics.Arcade.Sprite {

    constructor(scene: Phaser.Scene) {
        super(scene, 20, 30, "rock")       
        this.scene.add.existing(this) 
        this.scene.physics.add.existing(this) 
        this.setVelocity(20, 0)
    }

    update(){
    }
}

Then, we can add sprites to a scene in the game-scene class. We also need to update our sprite in the update function of our scene!

import { Player } from "../objects/player"

export class GameScene extends Phaser.Scene {
     
    player

    create(): void {
        this.player = new Player(this)
    }

    update(){
        this.player.update()
    }
}

Arcade Physics

By creating an arcade sprite and adding it to the physics list, the sprite is affected by gravity and can cause collisions. Moving a physics sprite is done by altering it's velocity, instead of updating x,y values.

To slow down a sprite that has velocity, you can set a drag value or you can scale down the velocity in the update function.

create(){
    this.setVelocityX(200)
    this.setDragX(600)
}
update(){
    this.body.velocity.scale(0.95)
}

Controls

A sprite can listen to keyboard input. When the cursor keys are pressed, change the velocity of the sprite.

constructor(){
    this.cursors = this.scene.input.keyboard.createCursorKeys()
}
update(){
    if (this.cursors.left.isDown) {
        this.setVelocityX(-200)
    } else if (this.cursors.right.isDown) {
        this.setVelocityX(200)
    } 
}

Only jumping while grounded, and using cooldowns:

// only allow jump when standing on something
if (this.cursors.up.isDown && this.body.touching.down) {
    this.setVelocityY(-400)
}

// cooldown of 500 milliseconds for pressing the space bar
if(this.scene.input.keyboard.checkDown(this.cursors.space, 500)){
    this.gameScene.friendlyBullet()
}

Practice

Add the player to the game, by uncommenting the this.player code in the GameScene. In the player code, uncomment the lines one by one to see the effect of physics on the world.

Using groups

Groups are a handy way to group sprites together. This way it's easier to check for collisions between the player and a whole group of sprites. Groups can automatically update themselves.

import { Bomb } from "../objects/bomb"

export class GameScene extends Phaser.Scene {
     
    bombsgroup

    create(): void {
        this.bombsgroup = this.add.group()
        this.bombsgroup.add(new Bomb(this))
    }

    update(){
    }
}

Collisions

By enabling collisions between objects and groups we cause the objects to bounce off each other, like objects in a real world.

Instead of checking for collisions, we can check for overlap. This means the objects won't bounce off each other. This is useful for objects that need to be removed once they interact, such as bullets or powerups.

// the player bounces off the platforms
this.physics.add.collider(this.player, this.platforms)

// all the bombs bounce off the platforms
this.physics.add.collider(this.bombs, this.platforms)

// the player hits a bomb
this.physics.add.overlap(this.player, this.bombs)

Callbacks

A callback is a function that gets executed once a collision or overlap happens. In this example we remove the star from the game once it overlaps with the player:

create() {
    this.physics.add.overlap(this.player, this.stars, this.collectStar, null, this)
}
collectStar(player, star) {
    this.stars.remove(star, true, true)
}

Practice

We will add platforms to the platforms group. Create your own small level!

Practice

Now you know how to create a basic scene, let's take some time to practice.

  • Create a new scene with a different layout of platforms
  • Add the scene to app.ts
  • If the player has collected all the stars in a scene, switch to the next scene!

Enemies

We will add a bomb sprite to the game, and go to the gameover screen when the player hits the bomb. Feel free to experiment with adding more bombs and giving them random velocity.

From here on, you can continue with building your game levels, or implement a score and a camera, as explained below.

Keeping score and drawing a life bar

You can keep track of values between scenes by using the registry. This way, your end scene can know how much you scored in the game scene.

this.registry.values.score++
console.log(this.registry.values.score)

We can draw shapes by creating a graphics object. In the update function, we keep drawing a rectangle that uses the lives variable as its width.

class GameScene {

    graphics
    lives = 300

    create(){
        this.graphics = this.add.graphics({ fillStyle: { color: 0x00AA00 } })
    }
    update(){
        this.graphics.clear()
        this.graphics.fillRectShape(new Phaser.Geom.Rectangle(20, 20, lives, 20))
    }
}

Camera and world size

We can create a world that is larger than the canvas size, allowing us to design large levels!

this.physics.world.bounds.width = 1600
this.physics.world.bounds.height = 600

When the player walks out of view, we can tell the camera to follow the player. We have to tell the camera to never go beyond the world bounds.

this.cameras.main.setSize(800, 600)          // canvas size
this.cameras.main.setBounds(0, 0, 1600, 600) // world size
this.cameras.main.startFollow(this.player)

Finished workshop files

Click the branch dropdown in this repository and select finished to view the finished files.

Practice

Check out the workshop notes and see if you can add

  • Spritesheets for an animating character
  • Particles just because they're cool
  • Tweens for animating buttons
  • Tiled images for repeating backgrounds

Publishing your game

When you are happy with your game, you can stop the development server and build the final files:

# stop the development server
CTRL+C 

# publish your project
npm run build

Now, you can push your repository to github. Double-check that your .gitignore file mentions node_modules, because we don't want to push this folder to github!

In GitHub settings you can choose to publish the master/DOCS folder, this makes your game playable online!

pages

Adding functionality

In the Workshop notes you can read more about:

  • Gamepad
  • Hitbox
  • Scrolling background
  • Spritesheet animation
  • Tweens
  • Particles
  • Collision without physics
  • Groups
  • Friction
  • Camera
  • UI Scene
  • Events
  • Scale
  • Google Fonts

Phaser documentation

Note that the official docs are in Javascript, which may need some small adjustments to work in a Typescript project.

Typescript examples

Tutorials

Forum

Using Parcel

Parcel will bundle your phaser modules that use import and export, and will convert Typescript to Javascript. Parcel will generate the docs folder for uploading to a web server 🧙. Parcel can start a live updating development server.

# development server with watch mode
npm run start

# build the final project
npm run build

If you use images or css in your game, you need to use require

this.load.image('sky', require('../assets/background.jpg'))

Credits

This workshop was put together by Erik Katerborg for HR-CMGT.

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