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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Robot Manipulation with Flow Matching</title>
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<meta property="og:url" content="flow-matching-policy.github.io" />
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<meta property="og:title" content="Affordance-based Robot Manipulation with Flow Matching" />
<meta property="og:description" content="We present a framework for assistive robot manipulation, which focuses on two fundamental challenges: first, efficiently adapting large-scale models to downstream scene affordance understanding tasks, especially in daily living scenarios where gathering multi-task data involving humans requires strenuous effort; second, effectively learning robot trajectories by grounding the visual affordance model. We tackle the first challenge by employing a parameter-efficient prompt tuning method that prepends learnable text prompts to the frozen vision model to predict manipulation affordances in multi-task scenarios. Then we propose to learn robot actiontrajectories guided by affordances in a supervised Flow Matching method. Flow matching represents a robot visuomotor policy as a conditional process of flowing random waypoints to desired robot trajectories. Finally, we introduce a real-world dataset with 10 tasks across Activities of Daily Living to test our framework. Our extensive evaluation highlights that the proposed prompt tuning method for learning manipulation affordance with language prompter achieves competitive performance and even outperforms other finetuning protocols across data scales, while satisfying parameter efficiency. Learning multi-task robot action trajectories with flow matching also leads to better generalization performance and faster inference in various manipulation tasks than some alternative behavior cloning methods. Our framework seamlessly unifies affordance model learning and trajectory generation with flow matching for robot manipulation." />
</head>
<body id="top">
<!-- Main -->
<div id="main" style="padding-bottom:1em; padding-top: 5em; width: 60em; max-width: 70em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<section id="four">
<div class="box alt" style="margin-bottom: 1em;">
<div class="row 0% uniform" style="width: 100%; display: flex; justify-content: space-between;">
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 20%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<img src="images/logo.png" alt=""/>
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</div>
<h2 style="text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; color: #4e79a7; font-size: 200%"> Affordance-based Robot Manipulation <br> with Flow Matching</h2>
<span class="figure" style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0;">
<img src="images/overall.png" width="100%" margin-top="0.5em" alt="" />
</span>
<p class="paper-paragraph" align="justify">
We present a framework for assistive robot manipulation, which focuses on two fundamental challenges: first, efficiently adapting large-scale models to downstream scene affordance understanding tasks, especially in daily living scenarios where gathering multi-task data involving humans requires strenuous effort; second, effectively learning robot trajectories by grounding the visual affordance model. We tackle the first challenge by employing a parameter-efficient prompt tuning method that prepends learnable text prompts to the frozen vision model to predict manipulation affordances in multi-task scenarios. Then we propose to learn robot actiontrajectories guided by affordances in a supervised Flow Matching method. Flow matching represents a robot visuomotor policy as a conditional process of flowing random waypoints to desired robot trajectories. Finally, we introduce a real-world dataset with 10 tasks across Activities of Daily Living to test our framework. Our extensive evaluation highlights that the proposed prompt tuning method for learning manipulation affordance with language prompter achieves competitive performance and even outperforms other finetuning protocols across data scales, while satisfying parameter efficiency. Learning multi-task robot action trajectories with flow matching also leads to better generalization performance and faster inference in various manipulation tasks than some alternative behavior cloning methods. Our framework seamlessly unifies affordance model learning and trajectory generation with flow matching for robot manipulation.
</p>
<hr style="margin-top: 0em;">
<h3>Highlights</h3>
<div class="box alt" style="margin-bottom: 1em;">
<div class="row 50% uniform" style="width: 100%;">
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 59.5%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/flow.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
Flow matching represents a robot visuomotor policy as a conditional process of flowing random waypoints to desired robot actions.
</div>
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 40.5%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/pt.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
Prompt tuning for vision-language-model to predict manipulation affordances in multi-task scenarios.
</div>
</div>
<div class="row 50% uniform" style="width: 100%;">
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 59.5%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/diffusion.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
Flow matching exhibits slightly better generalization performance, noticeably faster inference and greater stability on training and evaluation than diffusion model.
</div>
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 40.5%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 1.5em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/feed.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
An example of robot feeding the human with flow matching.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr style="margin-top: 0em;">
<h3>Real-world Experiments</h3>
<p>
Flow Matching has been tested on 10 tasks across Activities of Daily Living, and leads to consistently better performance than alternative behavior cloning methods. (Videos are 4x speed)
</p>
<div class="box alt" style="margin-bottom: 1em;">
<div class="row 50% uniform" style="width: 100%;">
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 25%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/comb.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
Comb the hair
</div>
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 25%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/trash.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
Sweep the trash
</div>
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 25%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/hang.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
Hang the towel
</div>
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 25%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/bottle.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
Pass the water
</div>
</div>
<div class="row 50% uniform" style="width: 100%;">
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 25%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/hat.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
Put on the hat
</div>
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 25%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/arm.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
Wipe the forearm
</div>
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 25%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/teeth.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
Brush the teeth
</div>
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 25%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/blooper.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
😠😲😊🤖🧑🦲📊🔬🏍️🦾
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr style="margin-top: 0em;">
<h3>Simulation Experiments</h3>
<div class="box alt" style="margin-bottom: 1em;">
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<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/k1.m4v" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
Franka Kitchen
</div>
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 25%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/robomimic.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
Robomimic
</div>
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 25%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/kuka.m4v" type="video/mp4"> </video>
Kuka Block Stacking
</div>
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 25%">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0em;">
<video autoplay loop muted playsinline style="width: 100%; margin-right: 5%;"><source src="videos/pusht.m4v" type="video/mp4"> </video>
</span>
PushT
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr style="margin-top: 0em;">
<h3><a id="paper">Paper</a></h3>
<p>
<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.01083">2409.01083 [cs.RO]</a>.<br>
Affordance-based Robot Manipulation with Flow Matching<br>
Fan Zhang, Michael Gienger<br>
<br>
Code is here <a href="https://github.com/HRI-EU/flow_matching">https://github.com/HRI-EU/flow_matching</a>.<br>
We are in process of integrating flow matching into the Hugging Face 🤗 LeRobot PushT task.
</p>
<hr style="margin-top: 0em;">
<h3>Team</h3>
<section>
<div class="box alt" style="margin-bottom: 0em;">
<div class="row 50% uniform" style="width: 100%;">
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 16%">
<a href="https://fan6zh.github.io/">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<img src="images/fan.jpg" alt="" style="border-radius: 50%;" />
</span>Fan Zhang
</a>
</div>
<div class="2u" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; width: 16%">
<a href="https://www.honda-ri.de/">
<span class="image fit" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em;">
<img src="images/michael.png" alt="" style="border-radius: 50%;" />
</span>Michael Gienger
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<hr style="margin-top: 0em;">
<section>
This webpage template was recycled from <a href='https://diffusion-policy.cs.columbia.edu/'>here</a>.
</section>
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