Update database lesson material (Backend)

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SUMMARY.md

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 - [Backend](courses/backend/README.md)
   - [Advanced JavaScript](courses/backend/advanced-javascript/README.md)
   - [Databases](courses/backend/databases/README.md)
+    - [Week 1](courses/backend/databases/week1/README.md)
+      - [Preparation](courses/backend/databases/week1/preparation.md)
+      - [Session Plan](courses/backend/databases/week1/session-plan.md)
+      - [Assignment](courses/backend/databases/week1/assignment.md)
+    - [Week 2](courses/backend/databases/week2/README.md)
+      - [Preparation](courses/backend/databases/week2/preparation.md)
+      - [Session Plan](courses/backend/databases/week2/session-plan.md)
+      - [Assignment](courses/backend/databases/week2/assignment.md)
   - [Node](courses/backend/node/README.md)
   - [Final Backend Project](courses/backend/final-project/README.md)
 

courses/backend/databases/README.md

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 # Databases
 
-Coming soon
+This module is part of the Backend specialism course and goes deep on databases, including SQL topics like CRUD, relationships and other advanced concepts like transactions, security, and deployment. It also covers different types of databases and their use cases.
+
+| Week | Topic                                                          | Preparation                           | Lesson Plan                                           | Assignment                          |
+| ---- | -------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
+| 1.   | [Data Modeling and Relational Fundamentals](./week1/README.md) | [Preparation](./week1/preparation.md) | [Session Plan](./week1/session-plan.md) (for mentors) | [Assignment](./week1/assignment.md) |
+| 2.   | [Database Security and Transactions](./week2/README.md)        | [Preparation](./week2/preparation.md) | [Session Plan](./week2/session-plan.md) (for mentors) | [Assignment](./week2/assignment.md) |
+
+## Learning Goals
+
+By the end of this module, you will be able to:
+
+- [ ] Explain the purpose of databases in web applications
+- [ ] Perform basic CRUD operations using SQL
+- [ ] Understand and implement relationships between tables in SQL
+- [ ] Write more complex SQL queries involving joins and aggregations
+- [ ] Understand the use cases for different types of databases (SQL, NoSQL, Key-Value, Graph)
+- [ ] Communicate the importance of database security
+- [ ] Understand the most common security threats and how to mitigate them with best practices
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+You should have completed or understand the learning goals in the following modules before proceeding:
+
+- [ ] [Foundation - Databases](../../foundation/databases/README.md)

courses/backend/databases/week1/README.md

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+# Data Modeling and Relational Fundamentals
+
+This session is about understanding the entity relationship model, being able to use that knowledge and implement it building a database schema. With the database schema created, you should be able to create a database and test it using SQL statements.
+
+## Contents
+
+- [Preparation](./preparation.md)
+- [Session Plan](./session-plan.md) (for mentors)
+- [Assignment](./assignment.md)
+
+## Learning Goals
+
+By the end of this session, you will be able to:
+
+- [ ] Create an entity relationship diagram from a description of data requirements
+- [ ] Translate a simple entity relationship diagram into a database schema
+- [ ] Use SQL CRUD operations for more complex scenarios (INSERT with Foreign keys, DELETE with filters)
+- [ ] Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables
+- [ ] Write SQL queries to retrieve related data using JOIN operations
+
+## Main Topics
+
+- Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERDs):
+  - Introduction to ERDs
+  - Components: Entities, Attributes, Relationships (1:1, 1:M, M:M)
+- Translating ERDs to Database Schema:
+  - Mapping rules for tables, columns, primary keys (PKs), and foreign keys (FKs)
+- Working with Related Data:
+  - Foreign Keys and Constraints (ON DELETE, ON UPDATE actions)
+  - SQL JOIN Operations (INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN)

courses/backend/databases/week1/assignment.md

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+# Assignment
+
+In this assignment, you'll practice working with the task management database we worked in the session.
+The idea is for you to create a database from scratch, insert and update data writing queries, practice querying relationships, and finally modify the database schema to add new functionality.
+
+## Getting Started
+
+> [!TIP]
+> If problems arise, remember you can ask on Slack for help.
+> We encourage you to create the DB from scratch, but you can also use the provided database, [tasks.sqlite3](./session-materials/tasks.sqlite3) which has the same content as the one created in the session.
+
+[tasks.sql](./session-materials/tasks.sql) contains SQL statements to create a database.
+
+To create a database called `tasks.sqlite3` executing the SQL statements in `tasks.sql`, run the following command in your terminal:
+
+```shell
+sqlite3 tasks.sqlite3 < session-materials/tasks.sql
+```
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Remember you can delete the `tasks.sqlite3` file and run the command again to recreate it from scratch.
+
+The script will also insert some sample data for you to work with, including users, tasks, and statuses.
+And the database schema will look like this:
+
+```mermaid
+erDiagram
+  USER {
+    int id PK
+    string name
+    string email
+    string phone
+  }
+  STATUS {
+    int id PK
+    string name
+  }
+  TASK {
+    int id PK
+    string title
+    string description
+    datetime created
+    datetime updated
+    date due_date
+    int status_id FK
+  }
+  USER_TASK {
+    int user_id FK
+    int task_id FK
+  }
+
+  USER ||--o{ USER_TASK : assigns
+  TASK ||--o{ USER_TASK : is_assigned
+  STATUS ||--o{ TASK : has
+```
+
+## Part 1: Basic CRUD Operations
+
+Write SQL queries to perform the following operations:
+
+1. Insert a new user with your own name and email
+2. Insert a new task assigned to yourself with the following attributes:
+   - Title: "Learn SQL"
+   - Description: "Practice database queries"
+   - Status: "In Progress"
+   - Due date: One week from today
+3. Update the title of the task you just created to "Master SQL Basics"
+4. Change the due date of your task to two weeks from today
+5. Change the status of your task to "Done"
+6. Delete one of the tasks in the database (choose any task)
+
+For each operation, save your SQL query in a text file.
+
+## Part 2: Working with Relationships
+
+Write SQL queries to answer the following questions:
+
+1. List all users who don't have any tasks assigned
+1. Find all tasks with a status of "Done"
+1. Find all overdue tasks (due_date is earlier than today)
+
+## Part 3: Modifying the Database Schema
+
+Now let's modify our database structure to add more functionality:
+
+1. Add a new column called `priority` to the `task` table with possible values: 'Low', 'Medium', 'High'. 💡 Remember to provide default values.
+2. Update some existing tasks to have different priority values
+3. Create a new table called `category` with columns:
+   - id (PRIMARY KEY)
+   - name (e.g., "Work", "Personal", "Study")
+   - color (e.g., "red", "blue", "green")
+4. Create a linking table called `task_category` to establish a many-to-many relationship between tasks and categories:
+   - task_id (FOREIGN KEY to task.id)
+   - category_id (FOREIGN KEY to category.id)
+5. Insert at least 3 categories
+6. Assign categories to at least 5 different tasks
+
+## Part 4: Advanced Queries
+
+Now that you've enhanced the database, write queries to:
+
+1. Find all tasks in a specific category (e.g., "Work")
+2. List tasks ordered by priority (High to Low) and by due date (earliest first)
+3. Find which category has the most tasks
+4. Get all high priority tasks that are either "In Progress" or "To Do"
+5. Find users who have tasks in more than one category
+
+## Submission
+
+Submit your assignment as a single .sql file containing all your queries, clearly labeled with comments indicating which part and question each query addresses.
+
+Example:
+
+```sql
+-- Part 1, Question 1: Insert a new user
+INSERT INTO user (name, email, phone) VALUES ('My Name', '[email protected]', '123-456-7890');
+
+-- Part 1, Question 2: Insert a new task
+INSERT INTO task (title, description, created, updated, due_date, status_id)
+VALUES ('Learn SQL', 'Practice database queries', datetime('now'), datetime('now'), date('now', '+7 days'), 2);
+```

courses/backend/databases/week1/preparation.md

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+# Preparation
+
+## Tools Setup
+
+If you haven't already, install the following tools:
+
+- [DBeaver](https://dbeaver.io/download/), [SQlite Viewer - VSCode Extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=qwtel.sqlite-viewer) or any other SQL client of your choice.
+- (Optional) [SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/download.html) if you want to practice using the command line.
+
+## Reading List
+
+Read/watch through this list of content before you come to the session:
+
+- [Database Design - Phase 1 - Analysis](https://mariadb.com/docs/general-resources/database-theory/database-design/database-design-example-phase-1-analysis)
+- [Database Design - Phase 2 - Design](https://mariadb.com/docs/general-resources/database-theory/database-design/database-design-example-phase-2-design)
+- [Database Design - Phase 3 - Implementation](https://mariadb.com/docs/general-resources/database-theory/database-design/database-design-example-phase-3-implementation) - Don't implement the database, just read through the example.
+- [What is a foreign key?](https://mariadb.com/docs/general-resources/database-theory/relational-databases-foreign-keys)
+- [Databases resources from Foundation](../../../foundation/databases/week1/preparation.md)

courses/backend/databases/week1/session-materials/articles_example.json

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+[
+  {
+    "id": 1,
+    "authors": [
+      {
+        "id": 1,
+        "name": "James Smith"
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "name": "Jane Jones"
+      }
+    ],
+    "title": "BREAKING NEWS: Water is wet!",
+    "content": "Scientists have discovered that water is wet, it's amazing what.... ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.",
+    "tags": ["science", "breaking"]
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 2,
+    "authors": [
+      {
+        "id": 3,
+        "name": "Aliya Awad"
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 4,
+        "name": "Igor Vladimir"
+      }
+    ],
+    "title": "Heavy Snowfall Expected this Weekend",
+    "content": "Lots of snow is expected... Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.",
+    "tags": ["weather", "winter"]
+  },
+  {
+    "id": 3,
+    "authors": [
+      {
+        "id": 2,
+        "name": "Jane Jones"
+      },
+      {
+        "id": 5,
+        "name": "Kim Jensen"
+      }
+    ],
+    "title": "BREAKING NEWS: These 10 Clickbait Titles Are Bad for Your Health, Number 7 Will SHOCK You!",
+    "content": "Haha, you clicked! Minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat ",
+    "tags": ["clickbait", "breaking"]
+  }
+]