A universal Apple Push Notification Service (APNS) provider.
Features:
- XML-RPC Based, works with any client in any language
- Native Python API with Django and Pylons support
- Native Ruby API with Rails/Rack support
- Scalable, fast and easy to distribute behind a proxy
- Based on Twisted
- Multi-application and dual environment support
- Simplified feedback interface
pyapns is an APNS provider that you install on your server and access through XML-RPC. To install you will need Python, Twisted and pyOpenSSL. It's also recommended to install python-epoll for best performance (if epoll is not available, like on Mac OS X, you may want to use another library, like py-kqueue). If you like easy_install try (it should take care of the dependancies for you):
$ sudo easy_install pyapns
pyapns is a service that runs persistently on your machine. To start it:
$ twistd -r epoll web --class=pyapns.server.APNSServer --port=7077
This will create a twistd.pid file in your current directory that can be used to kill the process. twistd is a launcher used for running network persistent network applications. It takes many more options that can be found by running man twistd or using a web man page.
To get started right away, use the included client:
$ python
>>> from pyapns import configure, provision, notify
>>> configure({'HOST': 'http://localhost:7077/'})
>>> provision('myapp', open('cert.pem').read(), 'sandbox')
>>> notify('myapp', 'hexlified_token_str', {'aps':{'alert': 'Hello!'}})
pyapns supports multiple applications. Before pyapns can send notifications, you must first provision the application with an Application ID, the environment (either 'sandbox' or 'production') and the certificate file. The provision method takes 4 arguments, app_id, path_to_cert_or_cert, environment and timeout. A connection is kept alive for each application provisioned for the fastest service possible. The application ID is an arbitrary identifier and is not used in communication with the APNS servers.
When a connection can not be made within the specified timeout a timeout error will be thrown by the server. This usually indicates that the wrong [type of] certification file is being used, a blocked port or the wrong environment.
Attempts to provision the same application id multiple times are ignored.
Calling notify will send the message immediately if a connection is already established. The first notification may be delayed a second while the server connects. notify takes app_id, token_or_token_list and notification_or_notification_list. Multiple notifications can be batched for better performance by using paired arrays of token/notifications. When performing batched notifications, the token and notification arrays must be exactly the same length.
The full notification dictionary must be included as the notification:
{'aps': {
'sound': 'flynn.caf',
'badge': 0,
'message': 'Hello from pyapns :)'
}
} # etc...
Call feedback with the app_id. A list of tuples will be retrieved from the APNS server that it deems inactive. These are returned as a list of 2-element lists with a Datetime object and the token string.
These methods can be called on the server you started the server on. Be sure you are not including /RPC2 in the URL.
Arguments
app_id String the application id for the provided
certification
cert String a path to a .pem file or the a
string with the entie file
environment String the APNS server to use - either
'production' or 'sandbox'
timeout Integer timeout for connection attempts to
the APS servers
Returns
None
Arguments
app_id String the application id to send the
message to
tokens String or Array an Array of tokens or a single
token string
notifications String or Array an Array of notification
dictionaries or a single
notification dictionary
Returns
None
Arguments
app_id String the application id to retrieve
retrieve feedback for
Returns
Array(Array(Datetime(time_expired), String(token)), ...)
pyapns also provides a Python API that makes the use of pyapns even simpler. The Python API must be configured before use but configuration files make it easier. The pyapns client module currently supports configuration from Django settings and Pylons config. To configure using Django, the following must be present in your settings file:
PYAPNS_CONFIG = {
'HOST': 'http://localhost:8077/',
'TIMEOUT': 15, # OPTIONAL, host timeout in seconds
'INITIAL': [ # OPTIONAL, see below
('craigsfish', '/home/samsutch/craigsfish/apscert.pem', 'sandbox'),
]
}
Optionally, with Django settings, you can skip manual provisioning by including a list of (name, path, environment) tuples that are guaranteed to be provisioned by the time you call notify or feedback.
Configuring for pylons is just as simple, but automatic provisioning isn't possible, in your configuration file include:
pyapns_host = http://localhost:8077/
pyapns_timeout = 15
For explanations of the configuration variables see the docs for pyapns.client.configure.
Each of these functions can be called synchronously and asynchronously. To make them perform asynchronously simply supply a callback and pass async=True to the function. The request will then be made in another thread and your callback will be executed with the results. When calling asynchronously no value will be returned:
def got_feedback(tuples):
trim_inactive_tokens(tuples)
feedback('myapp', async=True, callback=got_feedback)
Takes a dictionary of options and configures the client.
Currently configurable options are 'HOST', 'TIMEOUT' and 'INITIAL'
the latter of which is only read once.
Config Options:
HOST - A full host name with port, ending with a forward slash
TIMEOUT - An integer specifying how many seconds to timeout a
connection to the pyapns server (prevents deadlocking
the parent thread).
INITIAL - A List of tuples to be supplied to provision when
the first configuration happens.
pyapns.client.provision(app_id, path_to_cert_or_cert, environment, timeout=15, async=False, callback=None, errback=None)
Provisions the app_id and initializes a connection to the APNS server.
Multiple calls to this function will be ignored by the pyapns daemon
but are still sent so pick a good place to provision your apps, optimally
once.
Arguments:
app_id the app_id to provision for APNS
path_to_cert_or_cert absolute path to the APNS SSL cert or a
string containing the .pem file
environment either 'sandbox' or 'production'
timeout number of seconds to timeout connection
attempts to the APPLE APS SERVER
async pass something truthy to execute the request in a
background thread
callback a function to be executed with the result
errback a function to be executed with the error in case of an error
Returns:
None
Sends push notifications to the APNS server. Multiple
notifications can be sent by sending pairing the token/notification
arguments in lists [token1, token2], [notification1, notification2].
Arguments:
app_id provisioned app_id to send to
tokens token to send the notification or a
list of tokens
notifications notification dict or a list of notification dicts
async pass something truthy to execute the request in a
background thread
callback a function to be executed with the result when done
errback a function to be executed with the error in case of an error
Returns:
None
Retrieves a list of inactive tokens from the APNS server and the times
it thinks they went inactive.
Arguments:
app_id the app_id to query
async pass something truthy to execute the request in
a background thread
callback a function to be executed with the result when
feedbacks are done fetching
errback a function to be executed with the error if there
is one during the request
Returns:
List of feedback tuples like [(datetime_expired, token_str), ...]
###PYAPNS::Client There's python in my ruby!
The ruby gem can be installed from here
This is a class used to send notifications, provision applications and retrieve feedback using the Apple Push Notification Service.
PYAPNS is a multi-application APS provider, meaning it is possible to send notifications to any number of different applications from the same application and same server. It is also possible to scale the client to any number of processes and servers, simply balanced behind a simple web proxy.
It may seem like overkill for such a bare interface - after all, the APS service is rather simplistic. However, PYAPNS takes no shortcuts when it comes to completeness/compliance with the APNS protocol and allows the user many optimization and scaling vectors not possible with other libraries. No bandwidth is wasted, connections are persistent and the server is asynchronous therefore notifications are delivered immediately.
PYAPNS takes after the design of 3rd party push notification service that charge a fee each time you push a notification, and charge extra for so-called 'premium' service which supposedly gives you quicker access to the APS servers. However, PYAPNS is free, as in beer and offers more scaling opportunities without the financial draw.
###Provisioning
To add your app to the PYAPNS server, it must be provisioned at least once.
Normally this is done once upon the start-up of your application, be it a web
service, desktop application or whatever... It must be done at least once
to the server you're connecting to. Multiple instances of PYAPNS will have
to have their applications provisioned individually. To provision an application
manually use the PYAPNS::Client#provision method.
require 'pyapns'
client = PYAPNS::Client.configure
client.provision :app_id => 'cf', :cert => '/home/ss/cert.pem', :env => 'sandbox', :timeout => 15
This basically says "add an app reference named 'cf' to the server and start
a connection using the certification, and if it can't within 15 seconds,
raise a PYAPNS::TimeoutException
That's all it takes to get started. Of course, this can be done automatically
by using PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration middleware. PYAPNS::Client is a singleton
class that is configured using the class method PYAPNS::Client#configure. It
is sensibly configured by default, but can be customized by specifying a hash
See the docs on PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration for a list of available configuration
parameters (some of these are important, and you can specify initial applications)
to be configured by default.
###Sending Notifications
Once your client is configured, and application provisioned (again, these should be taken care of before you write notification code) you can begin sending notifications to users. If you're wondering how to acquire a notification token, you've come to the wrong place... I recommend using google. However, if you want to send hundreds of millions of notifications to users, here's how it's done, one at a time...
The PYAPNS::Client#notify is a sort of polymorphic method which can notify
any number of devices at a time. It's basic form is as follows:
client.notify 'cf', 'long ass app token', {:aps=> {:alert => 'hello?'}}
However, as stated before, it is sort of polymorphic:
client.notify 'cf', ['token', 'token2', 'token3'], [alert, alert2, alert3]
client.notify :app_id => 'cf', :tokens => 'mah token', :notifications => alertHash
client.notify 'cf', 'token', PYAPNS::Notification('hello tits!')
As you can see, the method accepts paralell arrays of tokens and notifications
meaning any number of notifications can be sent at once. Hashes will be automatically
converted to PYAPNS::Notification objects so they can be optimized for the wire
(nil values removed, etc...), and you can pass PYAPNS::Notification objects
directly if you wish.
###Retrieving Feedback
The APS service offers a feedback functionality that allows application servers to retrieve a list of device tokens it deems to be no longer in use, and the time it thinks they stopped being useful (the user uninstalled your app, better luck next time...) Sounds pretty straight forward, and it is. Apple recommends you do this at least once an hour. PYAPNS will return a list of 2-element lists with the date and the token:
feedbacks = client.feedback 'cf'
###Asynchronous Calls
PYAPNS::Client will, by default, perform no funny stuff and operate entirely
within the calling thread. This means that certain applications may hang when,
say, sending a notification, if only for a fraction of a second. Obviously
not a desirable trait, all provision, feedback and notify
methods also take a block, which indicates to the method you want to call
PYAPNS asynchronously, and it will be done so handily in another thread, calling
back your block with a single argument when finished. Note that notify and provision
return absolutely nothing (nil, for you rub--wait you are ruby developers!).
It is probably wise to always use this form of operation so your calling thread
is never blocked (especially important in UI-driven apps and asynchronous servers)
Just pass a block to provision/notify/feedback like so:
PYAPNS::Client.instance.feedback do |feedbacks|
feedbacks.each { |f| trim_token f }
end
###PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration
A middleware class to make PYAPNS::Client easy to use in web contexts
Automates configuration of the client in Rack environments
using a simple confiuration middleware. To use PYAPNS::Client in
Rack environments with the least code possible use PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration
(no, really, in some cases, that's all you need!) middleware with an optional
hash specifying the client variables. Options are as follows:
use PYAPNS::ClientConfiguration(
:host => 'http://localhost/'
:port => 7077,
:initial => [{
:app_id => 'myapp',
:cert => '/home/myuser/apps/myapp/cert.pem',
:env => 'sandbox',
:timeout => 15
}])
Where the configuration variables are defined:
:host String the host where the server can be found
:port Number the port to which the client should connect
:initial Array OPTIONAL - an array of INITIAL hashes
INITIAL HASHES:
:app_id String the id used to send messages with this certification
can be a totally arbitrary value
:cert String a path to the certification or the certification file
as a string
:env String the environment to connect to apple with, always
either 'sandbox' or 'production'
:timoeut Number The timeout for the server to use when connecting
to the apple servers
###PYAPNS::Notification An APNS Notification
You can construct notification objects ahead of time by using this class. However unnecessary, it allows you to programmatically generate a Notification like so:
note = PYAPNS::Notification.new 'alert text', 9, 'flynn.caf', {:extra => 'guid'}
-- or --
note = PYAPNS::Notification.new 'alert text'
These can be passed to PYAPNS::Client#notify the same as hashes