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What is Propaganda

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Jieyab edited this page Sep 13, 2024 · 1 revision

What is Propaganda

Propaganda is an illumination or ideology, opinion, etc. as false and true that may be developed with the aim of convincing people to adopt a certain attitude, flow, and direction of action

Purpose

  1. Influencing Public Opinion

Propaganda not only aims to be able to communicate various kinds of facts to the public, but also various facts that will affect public opinion or public opinion on an issue. This change in public opinion can be positive or negative

  1. Manipulating Emotions

Propaganda can be done using several techniques by manipulating emotions. In fact, it is also often done in various ways that are dangerous. Through some of these propaganda techniques, propagandists can manipulate words, symbols, and non-verbal messages, in order to arouse the emotions of the audience

Types of Propaganda

  1. Black Propaganda, which is a type of propaganda that is open in nature, which will usually attack the sources subjected to propaganda openly or openly

  2. White Propaganda, which is closed propaganda or usually done secretly. Where propagandists do not openly attack people who will be subjected to propaganda

  3. Grey Propaganda, which is propaganda whose sources are not known for sure, so this can cause doubts

Example

  1. Social Propaganda

This type of propaganda will take place gradually, permeating economic, political and social institutions. Through this propaganda, people will be injected with a way of life or ideology. The result is a general conception of society that everyone but a few deviants faithfully adhere to

  1. Political Propaganda

This type of propaganda is propaganda carried out by governments, political parties, and interest groups with the aim of forming and fostering public opinion in achieving political goals using typical messages that are more short-term. This political propaganda is in the form of political communication activities carried out in a planned and systematic manner using suggestion to influence, shape, and foster public opinion

Propaganda Techniques

To achieve its goals and objectives, propaganda, just like communication, requires the right techniques. like communication, really needs the right technique that will produce optimal achievements as expected by propagandist. This is also very much related to the intended target object. If observed more deeply, there are several techniques that can be used to facilitate propaganda. Effective or not, everything depends on the condition of the communicator, the ability of the communicator (progandis) and the social environment. communicator (progandis) and the socio-political and cultural environment of the community. society. The following are some of the techniques of propaganda:

  1. Name Calling, a technique of giving a bad label to an idea/person/institution so that the target dislikes or rejects it
  2. Glittering Generality, a technique of linking something with a 'good word' used to make the target accept and agree to something without checking the evidence. The target to accept and agree to something without checking the evidence
  3. Transfer, the technique of bringing the authority, support, prestige of something that is valued and praised to something else in order to make that something else more acceptable
  4. Testimony, the technique of giving people who admire or hate the opportunity to say that an idea or program or product or person is good or bad.
  5. Plain Folks, a propaganda technique used by the propaganda speaker in an attempt to convince the target that he and his ideas are good because they are part of 'the people'
  6. Card staking involves selecting and using facts or lies, illustrations or contradictions, and logical or illogical statements to present the best or worst case for an idea, program, person, or product. This technique selects arguments or evidence that support a position and ignores things that support that position. The arguments chosen can be right or wrong
  7. Bandwagon, this technique is used in order to convince the target that all members of a group (of which the target is a member) accept the program, and therefore the target should follow the group and immediately join the group

Propaganda in OSINT

An investigator or analyst needs to understand the information, is it credible? Is there scientific evidence? And what is the evidence that reinforces the allegations? Is there data manipulation? Propaganda often involves manipulation of data or facts. Identifying and exposing such manipulation requires deep analytical skills. Investigators must review the information and verify whether it really happened or is it a lie? For example, you can use Google reverse image to look for data matches, satellite data such as whether there was a fire or military attack in that place? Verify the location, etc.

Detect & Validate Propaganda

  1. Source Verification

Always check the reliability of information sources. Choose credible and verified news sources, such as reputable media and news organizations known for responsible journalism

  1. Fact Check

Use fact-checking sites such as Snopes, FactCheck.org, or reputable local organizations to verify the veracity of information

  1. Be Critical of Bias

Recognize that almost all sources of information have biases. Try to read multiple perspectives and compare information from different sources to get a more complete picture

  1. Recognize Propaganda Techniques

Learn propaganda techniques such as the use of emotion, oversimplification, and problem framing. By recognizing these techniques, you can more easily identify propaganda

  1. Critical Thinking

Whether the information you receive is logical and supported by evidence. Compare it with other POVs or viewpoints and back it up with scientific evidence e.g. Bellingcat website so you can compare the information

  1. Use Tools and Technology

Make use of tools and apps that can help check the veracity of news and identify inaccurate information. For example, collecting text and analyzing the text, is it auto generated? Has the similarity and latency of comments been bot-like or authentic?

  1. Learn History and Context

Understanding the historical and social context of an issue can help you better assess information and avoid being swayed by propaganda

Source

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