main.cpp

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// File: main.cpp
//
// YOU SHOULDN'T NEED TO ALTER THIS 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define _XM_NO_INTRINSICS_

#include "main.h"
#include <time.h>  
#include "Background.h"
#include "Waypoint.h"
#include "Vehicle.h"
#include "PickupItem.h"
#include "AIManager.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include "constants.h"

using namespace std;

DirectX::XMFLOAT4 g_EyePosition(0, 0, -200, 1);

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Forward declarations
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT		InitWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow);
HRESULT		InitDirectXComponents();
HRESULT     InitGameComponents();
HRESULT		InitShader();
HRESULT		InitViewProjection(int width, int height);
void		Cleanup();
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
void		Render();

typedef vector<DrawableGameObject*> vecDrawables;

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Global Variables
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HINSTANCE               g_hInst = nullptr;
HWND                    g_hWnd = nullptr;
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE         g_driverType = D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_NULL;
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL       g_featureLevel = D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0;
ID3D11Device*           g_pd3dDevice = nullptr;
ID3D11Device1*          g_pd3dDevice1 = nullptr;
ID3D11DeviceContext*    g_pImmediateContext = nullptr;
ID3D11DeviceContext1*   g_pImmediateContext1 = nullptr;
IDXGISwapChain*         g_pSwapChain = nullptr;
IDXGISwapChain1*        g_pSwapChain1 = nullptr;
ID3D11RenderTargetView* g_pRenderTargetView = nullptr;
ID3D11Texture2D*        g_pDepthStencil = nullptr;
ID3D11DepthStencilView* g_pDepthStencilView = nullptr;
ID3D11VertexShader*     g_pVertexShader = nullptr;
ID3D11PixelShader*      g_pPixelShader = nullptr;
ID3D11SamplerState *	g_pSamplerNormal = nullptr;
ID3D11InputLayout*		g_pInputLayout = nullptr;
ID3D11Buffer*           g_pConstantBuffer = nullptr;
ID3D11Buffer*           g_pMaterialConstantBuffer = nullptr;
ID3D11Buffer*           g_pLightConstantBuffer = nullptr;
XMMATRIX                g_View;
XMMATRIX                g_Projection;
int						g_viewWidth;
int						g_viewHeight;
vecDrawables			g_GameObjects;
Background*             g_pBackground = nullptr;
AIManager               g_AIManager;

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Entry point to the program. Initializes everything and goes into a message processing 
// loop. Idle time is used to render the scene.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int WINAPI wWinMain( _In_ HINSTANCE hInstance, _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, _In_ LPWSTR lpCmdLine, _In_ int nCmdShow )
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER( hPrevInstance );
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER( lpCmdLine );

    if( FAILED( InitWindow( hInstance, nCmdShow ) ) )
        return 0;

    if( FAILED(InitDirectXComponents() ) )
    {
        Cleanup();
        return 0;
    }

    if (FAILED(InitGameComponents()))
    {
        Cleanup();
        return 0;
    }


    // Main message loop
    MSG msg = {0};
    while( WM_QUIT != msg.message )
    {
        if( PeekMessage( &msg, nullptr, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE ) )
        {
            TranslateMessage( &msg );
            DispatchMessage( &msg );
        }
        else
        {
            Render();
        }
    }

    Cleanup();

    return ( int )msg.wParam;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Register class and create window
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT InitWindow( HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow )
{
    // Register class
    WNDCLASSEX wcex;
    wcex.cbSize = sizeof( WNDCLASSEX );
    wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon( hInstance, ( LPCTSTR )IDI_TUTORIAL1 );
    wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor( nullptr, IDC_ARROW );
    wcex.hbrBackground = ( HBRUSH )( COLOR_WINDOW + 1 );
    wcex.lpszMenuName = nullptr;
    wcex.lpszClassName = L"FrameworkWindowClass";
    wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon( wcex.hInstance, ( LPCTSTR )IDI_TUTORIAL1 );
    if( !RegisterClassEx( &wcex ) )
        return E_FAIL;

    // Create window
	int width = SCREEN_WIDTH;
	int height = SCREEN_HEIGHT;
    g_hInst = hInstance;
    RECT rc = { 0, 0, width, height };

	g_viewWidth = width;
	g_viewHeight = height;

    AdjustWindowRect( &rc, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, FALSE );
    g_hWnd = CreateWindow( L"FrameworkWindowClass", L"AI Framework",
                           WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_MINIMIZEBOX,
                           CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, rc.right - rc.left, rc.bottom - rc.top, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance,
                           nullptr );
    if( !g_hWnd )
        return E_FAIL;

    ShowWindow( g_hWnd, nCmdShow );

    return S_OK;
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Helper for compiling shaders with D3DCompile
//
// With VS 11, we could load up prebuilt .cso files instead...
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CompileShaderFromFile( const WCHAR* szFileName, LPCSTR szEntryPoint, LPCSTR szShaderModel, ID3DBlob** ppBlobOut )
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    DWORD dwShaderFlags = D3DCOMPILE_ENABLE_STRICTNESS;
#ifdef _DEBUG
    dwShaderFlags |= D3DCOMPILE_DEBUG;
    dwShaderFlags |= D3DCOMPILE_SKIP_OPTIMIZATION;
#endif

    ID3DBlob* pErrorBlob = nullptr;
    hr = D3DCompileFromFile( szFileName, nullptr, nullptr, szEntryPoint, szShaderModel, 
        dwShaderFlags, 0, ppBlobOut, &pErrorBlob );
    if( FAILED(hr) )
    {
        if( pErrorBlob )
        {
            OutputDebugStringA( reinterpret_cast<const char*>( pErrorBlob->GetBufferPointer() ) );
            pErrorBlob->Release();
        }
        return hr;
    }
    if( pErrorBlob ) pErrorBlob->Release();

    return S_OK;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create Game components
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT InitGameComponents()
{
    // create the background (racetrack) 
    g_pBackground = new Background();
    HRESULT hr = g_pBackground->initMesh(g_pd3dDevice);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
        MessageBox(nullptr,
            L"Failed to initialise background.", L"Error", MB_OK);
        return hr;
    }

    // initialise the AI / SceneManager
    g_AIManager.initialise(g_pd3dDevice);

    return hr;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create Direct3D device and other rendering components
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT InitDirectXComponents()
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    RECT rc;
    GetClientRect( g_hWnd, &rc );
    UINT width = rc.right - rc.left;
    UINT height = rc.bottom - rc.top;

    UINT createDeviceFlags = 0;
#ifdef _DEBUG
    //createDeviceFlags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
#endif

    D3D_DRIVER_TYPE driverTypes[] =
    {
        D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
        D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_WARP,
        D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_REFERENCE,
    };
    UINT numDriverTypes = ARRAYSIZE( driverTypes );

	D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevels[] =
    {
        D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1,
        D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,
        D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1,
        D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0,
	};
	UINT numFeatureLevels = ARRAYSIZE( featureLevels );

    for( UINT driverTypeIndex = 0; driverTypeIndex < numDriverTypes; driverTypeIndex++ )
    {
        g_driverType = driverTypes[driverTypeIndex];
        hr = D3D11CreateDevice( nullptr, g_driverType, nullptr, createDeviceFlags, featureLevels, numFeatureLevels,
                                D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &g_pd3dDevice, &g_featureLevel, &g_pImmediateContext );

        if ( hr == E_INVALIDARG )
        {
            // DirectX 11.0 platforms will not recognize D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1 so we need to retry without it
            hr = D3D11CreateDevice( nullptr, g_driverType, nullptr, createDeviceFlags, &featureLevels[1], numFeatureLevels - 1,
                                    D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &g_pd3dDevice, &g_featureLevel, &g_pImmediateContext );
        }

        if( SUCCEEDED( hr ) )
            break;
    }
    if( FAILED( hr ) )
        return hr;

    // Obtain DXGI factory from device (since we used nullptr for pAdapter above)
    IDXGIFactory1* dxgiFactory = nullptr;
    {
        IDXGIDevice* dxgiDevice = nullptr;
        hr = g_pd3dDevice->QueryInterface( __uuidof(IDXGIDevice), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&dxgiDevice) );
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            IDXGIAdapter* adapter = nullptr;
            hr = dxgiDevice->GetAdapter(&adapter);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
            {
                hr = adapter->GetParent( __uuidof(IDXGIFactory1), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&dxgiFactory) );
                adapter->Release();
            }
            dxgiDevice->Release();
        }
    }
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;

    // Create swap chain
    IDXGIFactory2* dxgiFactory2 = nullptr;
    hr = dxgiFactory->QueryInterface( __uuidof(IDXGIFactory2), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&dxgiFactory2) );
    if ( dxgiFactory2 )
    {
        // DirectX 11.1 or later
        hr = g_pd3dDevice->QueryInterface( __uuidof(ID3D11Device1), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&g_pd3dDevice1) );
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            (void) g_pImmediateContext->QueryInterface( __uuidof(ID3D11DeviceContext1), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&g_pImmediateContext1) );
        }

        DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC1 sd = {};
        sd.Width = width;
        sd.Height = height;
        sd.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
        sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
        sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
        sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
        sd.BufferCount = 2;
        sd.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_FLIP_SEQUENTIAL;

        hr = dxgiFactory2->CreateSwapChainForHwnd( g_pd3dDevice, g_hWnd, &sd, nullptr, nullptr, &g_pSwapChain1 );
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            hr = g_pSwapChain1->QueryInterface( __uuidof(IDXGISwapChain), reinterpret_cast<void**>(&g_pSwapChain) );
        }

        dxgiFactory2->Release();
    }
    else
    {
        // DirectX 11.0 systems
        DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC sd = {};
        sd.BufferCount = 2;
        sd.BufferDesc.Width = width;
        sd.BufferDesc.Height = height;
        sd.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
        sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
        sd.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
        sd.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
        sd.OutputWindow = g_hWnd;
        sd.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
        sd.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
        sd.Windowed = TRUE;
        sd.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_FLIP_SEQUENTIAL;

        hr = dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain( g_pd3dDevice, &sd, &g_pSwapChain );
    }

    // Note this tutorial doesn't handle full-screen swapchains so we block the ALT+ENTER shortcut
    dxgiFactory->MakeWindowAssociation( g_hWnd, DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER );

    dxgiFactory->Release();

    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;


    // Create a render target view
    ID3D11Texture2D* pBackBuffer = nullptr;
    hr = g_pSwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), reinterpret_cast<void**>( &pBackBuffer ) );
    if( FAILED( hr ) )
        return hr;

    hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView( pBackBuffer, nullptr, &g_pRenderTargetView );
    pBackBuffer->Release();
    if( FAILED( hr ) )
        return hr;

    // Create depth stencil texture
    D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC descDepth = {};
    descDepth.Width = width;
    descDepth.Height = height;
    descDepth.MipLevels = 1;
    descDepth.ArraySize = 1;
    descDepth.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
    descDepth.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
    descDepth.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
    descDepth.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
    descDepth.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;
    descDepth.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
    descDepth.MiscFlags = 0;
    hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateTexture2D( &descDepth, nullptr, &g_pDepthStencil );
    if( FAILED( hr ) )
        return hr;

    // Create the depth stencil view
    D3D11_DEPTH_STENCIL_VIEW_DESC descDSV = {};
    descDSV.Format = descDepth.Format;
    descDSV.ViewDimension = D3D11_DSV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
    descDSV.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0;
    hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateDepthStencilView( g_pDepthStencil, &descDSV, &g_pDepthStencilView );
    if( FAILED( hr ) )
        return hr;

    g_pImmediateContext->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &g_pRenderTargetView, g_pDepthStencilView );

    // Setup the viewport
    D3D11_VIEWPORT vp;
    vp.Width = (FLOAT)width;
    vp.Height = (FLOAT)height;
    vp.MinDepth = 0.0f;
    vp.MaxDepth = 1.0f;
    vp.TopLeftX = 0;
    vp.TopLeftY = 0;
    g_pImmediateContext->RSSetViewports( 1, &vp );

	// Create the constant buffer
	D3D11_BUFFER_DESC bd = {};
	bd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
	bd.ByteWidth = sizeof(ConstantBuffer);
	bd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;
	bd.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&bd, nullptr, &g_pConstantBuffer);
	if (FAILED(hr))
		return hr;

    hr = InitShader();
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(nullptr,
			L"Failed to initialise shader.", L"Error", MB_OK);
		return hr;
	}

	hr = InitViewProjection(width, height);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(nullptr,
			L"Failed to initialise view/projection.", L"Error", MB_OK);
		return hr;
	}

    return S_OK;
}

// ***************************************************************************************
// InitShader
// ***************************************************************************************
HRESULT		InitShader()
{
	// Compile the vertex shader
	ID3DBlob* pVSBlob = nullptr;
	HRESULT hr = CompileShaderFromFile(L"shader.fx", "VS", "vs_4_0", &pVSBlob);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(nullptr,
			L"The FX file cannot be compiled.  Please run this executable from the directory that contains the FX file.", L"Error", MB_OK);
		return hr;
	}



	// Create the vertex shader
	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexShader(pVSBlob->GetBufferPointer(), pVSBlob->GetBufferSize(), nullptr, &g_pVertexShader);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		pVSBlob->Release();
		return hr;
	}


	// Define and set the input layout for the vertex shader
	D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] =
	{
		{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT , D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
		{ "NORMAL", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT , D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
		{ "TEXCOORD", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT, 0, D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
	};
	UINT numElements = ARRAYSIZE(layout);

	// Create the input layout
	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreateInputLayout(layout, numElements, pVSBlob->GetBufferPointer(),
		pVSBlob->GetBufferSize(), &g_pInputLayout);
	pVSBlob->Release();
	if (FAILED(hr))
		return hr;

	// Set the input layout 
	g_pImmediateContext->IASetInputLayout(g_pInputLayout);

	// Compile the pixel shader
	ID3DBlob* pPSBlob = nullptr;
	hr = CompileShaderFromFile(L"shader.fx", "PS", "ps_4_0", &pPSBlob);
	if (FAILED(hr))
	{
		MessageBox(nullptr,
			L"The FX file cannot be compiled.  Please run this executable from the directory that contains the FX file.", L"Error", MB_OK);
		return hr;
	}

	// Create the pixel shader
	hr = g_pd3dDevice->CreatePixelShader(pPSBlob->GetBufferPointer(), pPSBlob->GetBufferSize(), nullptr, &g_pPixelShader);
	pPSBlob->Release();
	if (FAILED(hr))
		return hr;

	return hr;
}

// ***************************************************************************************
// InitViewProjection
// ***************************************************************************************
HRESULT		InitViewProjection(int width, int height)
{
	// Initialize the view matrix
	XMVECTOR Eye = XMLoadFloat4(&g_EyePosition);
	XMVECTOR At = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
	XMVECTOR Up = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
	g_View = XMMatrixLookAtLH(Eye, At, Up);

	// Initialize the projection matrix
    g_Projection = XMMatrixOrthographicLH((float)width, (float)height, 0.01f, 1000.0f);

	return S_OK;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Clean up the objects created
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Cleanup()
{
	g_AIManager.release();
	if (g_pBackground != nullptr)
	{
		g_pBackground->release();
		delete g_pBackground;
		g_pBackground = nullptr;
	}

	// Remove any bound render target or depth/stencil buffer
	ID3D11RenderTargetView* nullViews[] = { nullptr };
	g_pImmediateContext->OMSetRenderTargets(_countof(nullViews), nullViews, nullptr);


    if (g_pImmediateContext)
    {
        g_pImmediateContext->ClearState();
        // Flush the immediate context to force cleanup
        if(g_pImmediateContext1) g_pImmediateContext1->Flush();
        g_pImmediateContext->Flush();


        if (g_pInputLayout) g_pInputLayout->Release();
        if (g_pConstantBuffer) g_pConstantBuffer->Release();
        if (g_pVertexShader) g_pVertexShader->Release();
        if (g_pPixelShader) g_pPixelShader->Release();
        if (g_pDepthStencil) g_pDepthStencil->Release();
        if (g_pDepthStencilView) g_pDepthStencilView->Release();
        if (g_pRenderTargetView) g_pRenderTargetView->Release();
        if (g_pSwapChain1) g_pSwapChain1->Release();
        if (g_pSwapChain) g_pSwapChain->Release();
        if (g_pImmediateContext1) g_pImmediateContext1->Release();
        if (g_pImmediateContext) g_pImmediateContext->Release();
    }


    ID3D11Debug* debugDevice = nullptr;
	g_pd3dDevice->QueryInterface(__uuidof(ID3D11Debug), reinterpret_cast<void **>(&debugDevice));
	
    if (g_pd3dDevice1) g_pd3dDevice1->Release();
	if (g_pd3dDevice) g_pd3dDevice->Release();

    // handy for finding dx memory leaks
    //Result = debugDevice->ReportLiveDeviceObjects(D3D11_RLDO_DETAIL);

    if (debugDevice)
        debugDevice->Release();
}


//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Called every time the application receives a message
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;

    switch( message )
    {
	case WM_LBUTTONUP:
	{
        int xPos = GET_X_LPARAM(lParam);
        int yPos = GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam);
        
        // modify the x and y pos to match the scene coordinates
        xPos -= SCREEN_WIDTH / 2;
        yPos -= SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2;
        yPos *= -1;
        g_AIManager.mouseUp(xPos, yPos);

		std::stringstream posout;
		posout << "" << xPos << " " << yPos << "" << endl;
		OutputDebugStringA(posout.str().c_str());


		break;
	}
    case WM_PAINT:
        hdc = BeginPaint( hWnd, &ps );
        EndPaint( hWnd, &ps );
        break;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage( 0 );
        break;

    case WM_KEYDOWN:
         g_AIManager.keyDown(wParam);
         break;

    case WM_KEYUP:
        g_AIManager.keyUp(wParam);
        break;

    default:
        return DefWindowProc( hWnd, message, wParam, lParam );
    }

    return 0;
}

void setupTransformConstantBuffer(XMMATRIX world, XMMATRIX view, XMMATRIX projection)
{
	ConstantBuffer cb1;
	cb1.mWorld = XMMatrixTranspose(world);
	cb1.mView = XMMatrixTranspose(view);
	cb1.mProjection = XMMatrixTranspose(projection);
	g_pImmediateContext->UpdateSubresource(g_pConstantBuffer, 0, nullptr, &cb1, 0, 0);

}

void DrawItem(DrawableGameObject* object)
{
    setupTransformConstantBuffer(XMLoadFloat4x4(object->getTransform()), g_View, g_Projection);
    g_pImmediateContext->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, &g_pConstantBuffer);
    g_pImmediateContext->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, object->getTextureResourceView());
    g_pImmediateContext->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, object->getTextureSamplerState());

    // draw 
    object->draw(g_pImmediateContext);
}

void AddItemToDrawList(DrawableGameObject* object)
{
    if (object == nullptr)
        return;

    g_GameObjects.push_back(object);
}

void clearDrawList()
{
	for (int i=0; i<g_GameObjects.size(); i++)
	{
		g_GameObjects[i] = nullptr;
	}
	g_GameObjects.clear();
}

void Update(const float deltaTime)
{
    g_AIManager.update(deltaTime);
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Render a frame
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Render()
{
    // Update our time
    static float deltaTime = 0.0f;
    static ULONGLONG timeStart = 0;
    ULONGLONG timeCur = GetTickCount64();
    if( timeStart == 0 )
        timeStart = timeCur;
    deltaTime = ( timeCur - timeStart ) / 1000.0f;
	timeStart = timeCur;

    float FPS60 = 1.0f / 60.0f;
    static float cummulativeTime = 0;

    // cap the framerate at 60 fps 
    cummulativeTime += deltaTime;
    if (cummulativeTime >= FPS60) {
        cummulativeTime = cummulativeTime - FPS60;
    }
    else {
        return;
    }

    Update(deltaTime);
    
    // Clear the back buffer
    g_pImmediateContext->ClearRenderTargetView( g_pRenderTargetView, Colors::AntiqueWhite );

    // Clear the depth buffer to 1.0 (max depth)
    g_pImmediateContext->ClearDepthStencilView( g_pDepthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH, 1.0f, 0 );
    g_pImmediateContext->VSSetShader(g_pVertexShader, nullptr, 0);
    g_pImmediateContext->PSSetShader(g_pPixelShader, nullptr, 0);

    // draw the background
	if (g_pBackground != nullptr) {
		setupTransformConstantBuffer(XMLoadFloat4x4(g_pBackground->getTransform()), XMMatrixIdentity(), XMMatrixIdentity());
		g_pImmediateContext->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, &g_pConstantBuffer);
		g_pImmediateContext->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, g_pBackground->getTextureResourceView());
		g_pImmediateContext->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, g_pBackground->getTextureSamplerState());
		g_pBackground->draw(g_pd3dDevice, g_pImmediateContext);
	}
    
    // draw the vehicles / nodes
	for(unsigned int i=0; i< g_GameObjects.size(); i++) { 
        DrawItem(g_GameObjects[i]);
	}

    g_GameObjects.clear(); // the list of items to draw is cleared each frame

    // Present our back buffer to our front buffer
    g_pSwapChain->Present( 0, 0 );

    g_pImmediateContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &g_pRenderTargetView, g_pDepthStencilView);
}