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Adding thermal loss from particle receiver transport
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@jannamartinek
jannamartinek committed Dec 11, 2023
1 parent 5c442bb commit 47f6114
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Showing 3 changed files with 20 additions and 19 deletions.
8 changes: 3 additions & 5 deletions ssc/cmod_csp_tower_particle.cpp
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -147,8 +147,6 @@ static var_info _cm_vtab_csp_tower_particle[] = {
{ SSC_INPUT, SSC_NUMBER, "rec_qf_delay", "Energy-based receiver startup delay (fraction of rated thermal power)", "", "", "Tower and Receiver", "*", "", ""},
{ SSC_INPUT, SSC_NUMBER, "csp.pt.rec.max_oper_frac", "Maximum receiver mass flow rate fraction", "", "", "Tower and Receiver", "*", "", ""},
{ SSC_INPUT, SSC_NUMBER, "eta_lift", "Receiver particle lift efficiency", "", "", "Tower and Receiver", "*", "", ""},
{ SSC_INPUT, SSC_NUMBER, "piping_length_mult", "Piping length multiplier", "", "", "Tower and Receiver", "*", "", ""},
{ SSC_INPUT, SSC_NUMBER, "piping_length_const", "Piping constant length", "m", "", "Tower and Receiver", "*", "", ""},

{ SSC_INPUT, SSC_NUMBER, "rec_clearsky_model", "Clearsky model: None = -1, User-defined data = 0, Meinel = 1; Hottel = 2; Allen = 3; Moon = 4", "", "", "Tower and Receiver", "?=-1", "", "SIMULATION_PARAMETER"},
{ SSC_INPUT, SSC_ARRAY, "rec_clearsky_dni", "User-defined clear-sky DNI", "W/m2", "", "Tower and Receiver", "rec_clearsky_model=0", "", "SIMULATION_PARAMETER"},
Expand All @@ -157,8 +155,8 @@ static var_info _cm_vtab_csp_tower_particle[] = {


// New variables replacing deprecated variable "piping_loss". Variable currently not required so exec() can check if assigned and throw a more detailed error
// TODO (Janna): Update particle transport loss inputs and use in particle receiver model
{ SSC_INPUT, SSC_NUMBER, "piping_loss_coefficient", "Thermal loss per meter of piping", "Wt/m2-K", "", "Tower and Receiver", "", "", ""},
{ SSC_INPUT, SSC_NUMBER, "transport_deltaT_hot", "Temperature loss for hot particle transport", "K", "", "Tower and Receiver", "*", "", ""},
{ SSC_INPUT, SSC_NUMBER, "transport_deltaT_cold", "Temperature loss for cold particle transport", "K", "", "Tower and Receiver", "*", "", ""},



Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1099,12 +1097,12 @@ class cm_csp_tower_particle : public compute_module
as_double("f_rec_min"), q_dot_rec_des,
as_double("rec_su_delay"), as_double("rec_qf_delay"),
as_double("csp.pt.rec.max_oper_frac"), as_double("eta_lift"),
as_double("piping_loss_coefficient"), as_double("piping_length_const"), as_double("piping_length_mult"),
as_integer("rec_htf"), as_matrix("field_fl_props"),
as_integer("rec_model_type"), user_efficiency, as_integer("rec_rad_model_type"), as_integer("rec_adv_model_type"), user_hadv,
ap_height, ap_width, as_double("norm_curtain_height"), as_double("norm_curtain_width"), ap_curtain_depth_ratio,
as_double("particle_dp"), as_double("particle_abs"), as_double("curtain_emis"), as_double("curtain_dthdy"),
as_double("cav_abs"), as_double("cav_twall"), as_double("cav_kwall"), as_double("cav_hext"),
as_double("transport_deltaT_cold"), as_double("transport_deltaT_hot"),
as_double("rec_tauc_mult"), as_double("rec_hadv_mult"),
n_x, n_y, as_integer("rec_rad_nx"), as_integer("rec_rad_ny"),
as_double("T_htf_hot_des"), as_double("rec_clearsky_fraction")
Expand Down
23 changes: 14 additions & 9 deletions tcs/csp_solver_falling_particle_receiver.cpp
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -45,12 +45,12 @@ C_falling_particle_receiver::C_falling_particle_receiver(double h_tower /*m*/,
double f_rec_min /*-*/, double q_dot_rec_des /*MWt*/,
double rec_su_delay /*hr*/, double rec_qf_delay /*-*/,
double m_dot_htf_max_frac /*-*/, double eta_pump /*-*/,
double piping_loss_coefficient /*Wt/m2-K*/, double pipe_length_add /*m*/, double pipe_length_mult /*-*/,
int field_fl, util::matrix_t<double> field_fl_props,
int model_type /*-*/, double fixed_efficiency /*-*/, int rad_model_type /*-*/, int hadv_model_type /*-*/, double hadv_user /*-*/,
double ap_height /*m*/, double ap_width /*m*/, double ap_height_ratio /*-*/, double ap_width_ratio /*-*/, double ap_curtain_depth_ratio /*-*/,
double particle_dp /*m*/, double particle_abs /*-*/, double curtain_emis /*-*/, double dthdy /*-*/,
double cav_emis /*-*/, double cav_twall /*m*/, double cav_kwall /*m*/, double cav_hext /*W/m2/K*/,
double deltaT_transport_cold /*K*/, double deltaT_transport_hot /*K*/,
double tauc_mult /*-*/, double hadv_mult /*-*/,
int n_x, int n_y, int n_x_rad, int n_y_rad,
double T_hot_target /*C*/, double csky_frac /*-*/) : C_pt_receiver(h_tower, 0.0,
Expand All @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ C_falling_particle_receiver::C_falling_particle_receiver(double h_tower /*m*/,
rec_su_delay, rec_qf_delay,
m_dot_htf_max_frac, eta_pump,
0.0, 0.0,
piping_loss_coefficient, pipe_length_add, pipe_length_mult,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
field_fl, field_fl_props,
2, 0)
{
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ C_falling_particle_receiver::C_falling_particle_receiver(double h_tower /*m*/,
m_cav_hext = cav_hext;

// Particle transport thermal loss
m_Q_dot_transport_loss_hot = 0.0; // TODO: Set up inputs and populate from length and loss per m
m_Q_dot_transport_loss_cold = 0.0;
m_deltaT_transport_hot = deltaT_transport_hot;
m_deltaT_transport_cold = deltaT_transport_cold;

// Operating parameters
m_T_particle_hot_target = T_hot_target + 273.15; //[K] convert from C
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ void C_falling_particle_receiver::init()
m_m_dot_htf_max = m_m_dot_htf_max_frac * m_m_dot_htf_des; //[kg/s]
m_q_dot_inc_min = m_q_rec_des * m_f_rec_min / m_eta_therm_des_est; //[W] Minimum receiver thermal power


// If no startup requirements, then receiver is always ON
// ... in the sense that the controller doesn't need to worry about startup
if (m_E_su_prev == 0.0 && m_t_su_prev == 0.0) {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -897,7 +898,7 @@ void C_falling_particle_receiver::calculate_steady_state_soln(s_steady_state_sol
double dx = m_curtain_width / m_n_x;

double Q_inc, Q_refl, Q_rad, Q_adv, Q_cond, Q_thermal, Q_imbalance;
double Tp_out, T_particle_prop, T_cold_in_rec, cp, particle_density, err, hadv_with_wind, Twavg, Twmax, Twf;
double Tp_out, T_particle_prop, T_cold_in_rec, cp, cp_cold, cp_hot, particle_density, err, hadv_with_wind, Twavg, Twmax, Twf;
double qnetc_avg, qnetc_sol_avg, qnetw_avg, qnetw_sol_avg;
double tauc_avg, rhoc_avg;
double K_sum, Kinv_sum;
Expand All @@ -912,7 +913,9 @@ void C_falling_particle_receiver::calculate_steady_state_soln(s_steady_state_sol
T_particle_prop = (m_T_htf_hot_des + T_cold_in) / 2.0;
particle_density = field_htfProps.dens(T_particle_prop, 1.0);
cp = field_htfProps.Cp(T_particle_prop) * 1000.0; // Particle specific heat [J/kg-K] evaluated at average of current inlet temperature and design outlet temperature
T_cold_in_rec = T_cold_in - m_Q_dot_transport_loss_cold / cp / soln.m_dot_tot; // Inlet temperature to receiver accounting from loss from cold particle transport
cp_cold = field_htfProps.Cp(T_cold_in) * 1000.0;
cp_hot = field_htfProps.Cp(m_T_htf_hot_des) * 1000.0;
T_cold_in_rec = T_cold_in - m_deltaT_transport_cold; // Inlet temperature to receiver accounting from loss from cold particle transport

double rhow = 1.0 - m_cav_emis;

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1324,8 +1327,10 @@ void C_falling_particle_receiver::calculate_steady_state_soln(s_steady_state_sol
Tp_out = calculate_mass_wtd_avg_exit(mdot_per_elem, Tp); // Mass-weighted average particle exit temperature from receiver [K]
}

double Tp_out_after_transport = Tp_out - m_Q_dot_transport_loss_hot / cp / soln.m_dot_tot; // Outlet temperature accounting from loss from hot particle transport
double Tp_out_after_transport = Tp_out - m_deltaT_transport_hot; // Outlet temperature accounting from loss from hot particle transport

double Q_dot_transport_loss_hot = soln.m_dot_tot * cp_hot * m_deltaT_transport_hot;
double Q_dot_transport_loss_cold = soln.m_dot_tot * cp_cold * m_deltaT_transport_cold;

if (Tp_out <= T_cold_in || Q_thermal != Q_thermal)
{
Expand All @@ -1340,9 +1345,9 @@ void C_falling_particle_receiver::calculate_steady_state_soln(s_steady_state_sol
soln.Q_rad = Q_rad;
soln.Q_adv = Q_adv;
soln.Q_cond = Q_cond;
soln.Q_transport = m_Q_dot_transport_loss_cold + m_Q_dot_transport_loss_hot;
soln.Q_transport = Q_dot_transport_loss_cold + Q_dot_transport_loss_hot;
soln.eta = soln.Q_inc>0 ? soln.Q_thermal / soln.Q_inc : 0.0;
soln.eta_with_transport = soln.Q_inc > 0 ? (soln.Q_thermal - m_Q_dot_transport_loss_cold - m_Q_dot_transport_loss_hot) / soln.Q_inc : 0.0;
soln.eta_with_transport = soln.Q_inc > 0 ? (soln.Q_thermal - Q_dot_transport_loss_cold - Q_dot_transport_loss_hot) / soln.Q_inc : 0.0;
soln.hadv = hadv_with_wind;
soln.converged = converged;
soln.rec_is_off = rec_is_off;
Expand Down
8 changes: 3 additions & 5 deletions tcs/csp_solver_falling_particle_receiver.h
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -171,10 +171,8 @@ class C_falling_particle_receiver : public C_pt_receiver
double m_cav_hext; // External loss coefficient [W/m2/K] // TODO: Simplify twall, kwall, hext to an effective loss coefficient

// Particle transport thermal loss
// TODO: Currently hard-coded to zero, update from inputs for piping loss
double m_Q_dot_transport_loss_hot; // Constant thermal loss from hot particle transport to environment [W]
double m_Q_dot_transport_loss_cold; // Constant thermal loss from cold particle transport to environment [W]

double m_deltaT_transport_hot; // Constant tempearture loss from hot particle transport [K]
double m_deltaT_transport_cold; // Constant tempearture loss from cold particle transport [K]

// Operating parameters
double m_T_particle_hot_target; // Target particle outlet temperature [K], converted from C in constructor
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -320,12 +318,12 @@ class C_falling_particle_receiver : public C_pt_receiver
double f_rec_min /*-*/, double q_dot_rec_des /*MWt*/,
double rec_su_delay /*hr*/, double rec_qf_delay /*-*/,
double m_dot_htf_max_frac /*-*/, double eta_pump /*-*/,
double piping_loss_coefficient /*Wt/m2-K*/, double pipe_length_add /*m*/, double pipe_length_mult /*-*/,
int field_fl, util::matrix_t<double> field_fl_props,
int model_type /*-*/, double fixed_efficiency /*-*/, int rad_model_type /*-*/, int hadv_model_type /*-*/, double hadv_user /*-*/,
double ap_height /*m*/, double ap_width /*m*/, double ap_height_ratio /*-*/, double ap_width_ratio /*-*/, double ap_curtain_depth_ratio /*-*/,
double particle_dp /*m*/, double particle_abs /*-*/, double curtain_emis /*-*/, double dthdy /*-*/,
double cav_emis /*-*/, double cav_twall /*m*/, double cav_kwall /*m*/, double cav_hext /*W/m2/K*/,
double deltaT_transport_cold /*K*/, double deltaT_transport_hot /*K*/,
double tauc_mult /*-*/, double hadv_mult /*-*/,
int n_x, int n_y, int n_x_rad, int n_y_rad,
double T_hot_target /*C*/, double csky_frac /*-*/);
Expand Down

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