Multiprecision refactoring: inverse mod and big_int improvements, checked big_uint operations

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[github-actions]

Clang Test Results

  161 files  ± 0    161 suites  ±0   15m 29s ⏱️ - 1m 12s
6 991 tests  - 95  6 985 ✅  - 95  6 💤 ±0  0 ❌ ±0 
7 077 runs   - 95  7 071 ✅  - 95  6 💤 ±0  0 ❌ ±0 

Results for commit bf778b1. ± Comparison against base commit 01fead9.

This pull request removes 106 and adds 11 tests. Note that renamed tests count towards both.

addition ‑ wraps
addition ‑ wraps_rev
lpc_math_polynomial_suite ‑ lpc_basic_skipping_layers_test
lpc_math_polynomial_suite ‑ lpc_dfs_basic_test
lpc_params_test_suite ‑ lpc_batches_num_3_test
lpc_params_test_suite ‑ lpc_different_hash_types_test
multiplication ‑ wraps
pack_equal_test_suite ‑ bubb_to_bubb_1
pack_equal_test_suite ‑ bubb_to_bubb_2
pack_equal_test_suite ‑ bubb_to_bubb_3
…

addition ‑ overflow_throws
addition ‑ overflow_throws_rev
multiplication ‑ multilimb_overflow_throws
multiplication ‑ overflow_throws
pack_imploder_test_suite ‑ be_to_be_1
pack_imploder_test_suite ‑ be_to_be_2
pack_imploder_test_suite ‑ be_to_le_1
pack_imploder_test_suite ‑ be_to_le_2
pack_imploder_test_suite ‑ be_to_le_3
pack_imploder_test_suite ‑ bubb_to_lulb_4
…

[github-actions]

Gcc Test Results

  161 files  ±0    161 suites  ±0   16m 33s ⏱️ -27s
7 084 tests  - 2  7 078 ✅  - 2  6 💤 ±0  0 ❌ ±0 
7 170 runs   - 2  7 164 ✅  - 2  6 💤 ±0  0 ❌ ±0 

Results for commit bf778b1. ± Comparison against base commit 01fead9.

This pull request removes 7 and adds 5 tests. Note that renamed tests count towards both.

addition ‑ wraps
addition ‑ wraps_rev
lpc_math_polynomial_suite ‑ lpc_basic_skipping_layers_test
lpc_math_polynomial_suite ‑ lpc_dfs_basic_test
lpc_params_test_suite ‑ lpc_batches_num_3_test
lpc_params_test_suite ‑ lpc_different_hash_types_test
multiplication ‑ wraps

addition ‑ overflow_throws
addition ‑ overflow_throws_rev
multiplication ‑ multilimb_overflow_throws
multiplication ‑ overflow_throws
static_tests ‑ fixed_test