[15.0][FIX] password_security: Allow password hash updates

[JonathanStein]

Updating the password hash fails, if "_set_encrypted_password" is called as a regular user.

The core _set_encrypted_password method executes a direct query without any access checks, so we assume it's safe to operate with sudo() here.

The problem was seen after odoo/odoo#146865 where hash strength is increased, resulting in password hash updates without a normal password change.

[fkantelberg]

Tested it and works. I do agree that the sudo is ok.

I have seen the PR too late but closed mine with the same fix. If you want to copy the unittest from #609 because it's an interesting case we have here.

Also related to #604

[JonathanStein]

Closing this PR because #609 has the same fix but also includes test code