Add basic layout system support

Sources/OpenSwiftUI/Internal/Other/Defaultable.swift

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+//
+//  Defaultable.swift
+//  OpenSwiftUI
+//
+//  Created by Kyle on 2023/12/16.
+//  Lastest Version: iOS 15.5
+//  Status: Complete
+
+protocol Defaultable {
+    associatedtype Value
+    static var defaultValue: Value { get }
+}

Sources/OpenSwiftUI/Layout/LayoutAdjustments/Alignment/AlignmentID.swift

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+//
+//  AlignmentID.swift
+//  OpenSwiftUI
+//
+//  Created by Kyle on 2023/12/16.
+//  Lastest Version: iOS 15.5
+//  Status: Complete
+
+#if canImport(Darwin)
+import CoreGraphics
+#elseif os(Linux)
+import Foundation
+#endif
+
+/// A type that you use to create custom alignment guides.
+///
+/// Every built-in alignment guide that ``VerticalAlignment`` or
+/// ``HorizontalAlignment`` defines as a static property, like
+/// ``VerticalAlignment/top`` or ``HorizontalAlignment/leading``, has a
+/// unique alignment identifier type that produces the default offset for
+/// that guide. To create a custom alignment guide, define your own alignment
+/// identifier as a type that conforms to the `AlignmentID` protocol, and
+/// implement the required ``AlignmentID/defaultValue(in:)`` method:
+///
+///     private struct FirstThirdAlignment: AlignmentID {
+///         static func defaultValue(in context: ViewDimensions) -> CGFloat {
+///             context.height / 3
+///         }
+///     }
+///
+/// When implementing the method, calculate the guide's default offset
+/// from the view's origin. If it's helpful, you can use information from the
+/// ``ViewDimensions`` input in the calculation. This parameter provides context
+/// about the specific view that's using the guide. The above example creates an
+/// identifier called `FirstThirdAlignment` and calculates a default value
+/// that's one-third of the height of the aligned view.
+///
+/// Use the identifier's type to create a static property in an extension of
+/// one of the alignment guide types, like ``VerticalAlignment``:
+///
+///     extension VerticalAlignment {
+///         static let firstThird = VerticalAlignment(FirstThirdAlignment.self)
+///     }
+///
+/// You can apply your custom guide like any of the built-in guides. For
+/// example, you can use an ``HStack`` to align its views at one-third
+/// of their height using the guide defined above:
+///
+///     struct StripesGroup: View {
+///         var body: some View {
+///             HStack(alignment: .firstThird, spacing: 1) {
+///                 HorizontalStripes().frame(height: 60)
+///                 HorizontalStripes().frame(height: 120)
+///                 HorizontalStripes().frame(height: 90)
+///             }
+///         }
+///     }
+///
+///     struct HorizontalStripes: View {
+///         var body: some View {
+///             VStack(spacing: 1) {
+///                 ForEach(0..<3) { _ in Color.blue }
+///             }
+///         }
+///     }
+///
+/// Because each set of stripes has three equal, vertically stacked
+/// rectangles, they align at the bottom edge of the top rectangle. This
+/// corresponds in each case to a third of the overall height, as
+/// measured from the origin at the top of each set of stripes:
+///
+/// ![Three vertical stacks of rectangles, arranged in a row.
+/// The rectangles in each stack have the same height as each other, but
+/// different heights than the rectangles in the other stacks. The bottom edges
+/// of the top-most rectangle in each stack are aligned with each
+/// other.](AlignmentId-1-iOS)
+///
+/// You can also use the ``View/alignmentGuide(_:computeValue:)-6y3u2`` view
+/// modifier to alter the behavior of your custom guide for a view, as you
+/// might alter a built-in guide. For example, you can change
+/// one of the stacks of stripes from the previous example to align its
+/// `firstThird` guide at two thirds of the height instead:
+///
+///     struct StripesGroupModified: View {
+///         var body: some View {
+///             HStack(alignment: .firstThird, spacing: 1) {
+///                 HorizontalStripes().frame(height: 60)
+///                 HorizontalStripes().frame(height: 120)
+///                 HorizontalStripes().frame(height: 90)
+///                     .alignmentGuide(.firstThird) { context in
+///                         2 * context.height / 3
+///                     }
+///             }
+///         }
+///     }
+///
+/// The modified guide calculation causes the affected view to place the
+/// bottom edge of its middle rectangle on the `firstThird` guide, which aligns
+/// with the bottom edge of the top rectangle in the other two groups:
+///
+/// ![Three vertical stacks of rectangles, arranged in a row.
+/// The rectangles in each stack have the same height as each other, but
+/// different heights than the rectangles in the other stacks. The bottom edges
+/// of the top-most rectangle in the first two stacks are aligned with each
+/// other, and with the bottom edge of the middle rectangle in the third
+/// stack.](AlignmentId-2-iOS)
+///
+public protocol AlignmentID {
+    /// Calculates a default value for the corresponding guide in the specified
+    /// context.
+    ///
+    /// Implement this method when you create a type that conforms to the
+    /// ``AlignmentID`` protocol. Use the method to calculate the default
+    /// offset of the corresponding alignment guide. SwiftUI interprets the
+    /// value that you return as an offset in the coordinate space of the
+    /// view that's being laid out. For example, you can use the context to
+    /// return a value that's one-third of the height of the view:
+    ///
+    ///     private struct FirstThirdAlignment: AlignmentID {
+    ///         static func defaultValue(in context: ViewDimensions) -> CGFloat {
+    ///             context.height / 3
+    ///         }
+    ///     }
+    ///
+    /// You can override the default value that this method returns for a
+    /// particular guide by adding the
+    /// ``View/alignmentGuide(_:computeValue:)-9mdoh`` view modifier to a
+    /// particular view.
+    ///
+    /// - Parameter context: The context of the view that you apply
+    ///   the alignment guide to. The context gives you the view's dimensions,
+    ///   as well as the values of other alignment guides that apply to the
+    ///   view, including both built-in and custom guides. You can use any of
+    ///   these values, if helpful, to calculate the value for your custom
+    ///   guide.
+    ///
+    /// - Returns: The offset of the guide from the origin in the
+    ///   view's coordinate space.
+    static func defaultValue(in context: ViewDimensions) -> CGFloat
+
+    static func _combineExplicit(childValue: CGFloat, _ n: Int, into parentValue: inout CGFloat?)
+}
+
+extension AlignmentID {
+    // n == 0:
+    // value = childValue = c0
+    // parentValue = childValue = c0
+    // n == 1:
+    // value = parentValue! = c0
+    // parentValue = (c0 + c1) / 2
+    // n == 2:
+    // value = parentValue! = (c0 + c1) / 2
+    // parentValue = (c0 + c1 + c2) / 3
+    public static func _combineExplicit(childValue: CGFloat, _ n: Int, into parentValue: inout CGFloat?) {
+        let value = (n == 0) ? childValue : parentValue!
+        let n = CGFloat(n)
+        parentValue = (value * n + childValue) / (n + 1.0)
+    }
+}
+
+protocol FrameAlignment: AlignmentID {}
+
+extension FrameAlignment {
+    static func _combineExplicit(childValue _: CGFloat, _: Int, into _: inout CGFloat?) {}
+}

Sources/OpenSwiftUI/Layout/LayoutAdjustments/Alignment/AlignmentKey.swift

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+//
+//  AlignmentKey.swift
+//  OpenSwiftUI
+//
+//  Created by Kyle on 2023/12/17.
+//  Lastest Version: iOS 15.5
+//  Status: Complete
+//  ID: E20796D15DD3D417699102559E024115
+
+@usableFromInline
+@frozen
+struct AlignmentKey: Hashable, Comparable {
+    private let bits: UInt
+
+    @usableFromInline
+    static func < (lhs: AlignmentKey, rhs: AlignmentKey) -> Bool {
+        lhs.bits < rhs.bits
+    }
+
+    @UnsafeLockedPointer
+    private static var typeCache = TypeCache(typeIDs: [:], types: [])
+
+    struct TypeCache {
+        var typeIDs: [ObjectIdentifier: UInt]
+        var types: [AlignmentID.Type]
+    }
+
+    init(id: AlignmentID.Type, axis _: Axis) {
+        let index: UInt
+        if let value = AlignmentKey.typeCache.typeIDs[ObjectIdentifier(id)] {
+            index = value
+        } else {
+            index = UInt(AlignmentKey.typeCache.types.count)
+            AlignmentKey.typeCache.types.append(id)
+            AlignmentKey.typeCache.typeIDs[ObjectIdentifier(id)] = index
+        }
+        bits = index * 2 + 3
+    }
+
+    var id: AlignmentID.Type {
+        AlignmentKey.typeCache.types[Int(bits / 2 - 1)]
+    }
+}