Add std::format compatibility layer and fix node_osrm C++17/C++20 ABI mismatch

[afarber]

Fix #7260 by addressing two issues:

1. std::format compatibility layer

Adds runtime detection and fallback for C++20 std::format:

• Add CMake runtime detection using check_cxx_source_runs to test compile, link and execution
• Create a thin compatibility wrapper include/util/format.hpp
• Use std::format when available and fully functional
• Fallback to fmt::format for incomplete implementations (e.g., Clang with older libstdc++ missing symbols)
• Include <cmath> before <format> to prevent std::isfinite conflicts

2. Fix node_osrm C++ standard mismatch

When #6877 moved the project to C++20 in May 2024, src/nodejs/CMakeLists.txt was overlooked.
This caused node_osrm to be compiled with C++17 while linking against libosrm compiled with C++20,
creating an ABI mismatch. This PR updates node_osrm to C++20 to match the rest of the codebase.

Tasklist

• CHANGELOG.md entry (How to write a changelog entry)
• update relevant Wiki pages
• add tests (see testing documentation)
• review
• adjust for comments

Requirements / Relations

#7251

[afarber]

Hi @DennisOSRM and @SiarheiFedartsou please review my PR.

It would allow moving users on newer systems to std::format without losing/upsetting users on older systems.

Also it fixes an ABI mismatch, which was causing not found std:: methods errors while I was preparing the PR initially.