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Transition from stores to storage units for LTES, introducing energy-to-power ratio #1444

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2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions config/config.default.yaml
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -1215,6 +1215,8 @@ plotting:
residential urban decentral water tanks discharger: '#baac9e'
services rural water tanks discharger: '#bbc2b8'
services urban decentral water tanks discharger: '#bdd8d3'
water pits: '#cc826a'
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urban central hot water pits: '#d96f4c'
# heat demand
Heat load: '#cc1f1f'
heat: '#cc1f1f'
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2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions doc/release_notes.rst
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ Release Notes
Upcoming Release
================

* Added PTES and transitioned stores to storage units to implement an energy-to-power ratio in ``prepare_sector_network``.

* Feature: Introduce geothermal district heating (direct utilisation and heat pumps). Potentials are based on `Manz et al. 2024: Spatial analysis of renewable and excess heat potentials for climate-neutral district heating in Europe <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148124001769>`.

* Feature: Allow CHPs to use different fuel sources such as gas, oil, coal, and methanol. Note that the cost assumptions are based on a gas CHP (except for solid biomass-fired CHP).
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67 changes: 34 additions & 33 deletions scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -2264,56 +2264,57 @@ def add_heat(
)

if options["tes"]:
n.add("Carrier", f"{heat_system} water tanks")

n.add(
"Bus",
nodes + f" {heat_system} water tanks",
location=nodes,
carrier=f"{heat_system} water tanks",
unit="MWh_th",
)

n.add(
"Link",
nodes + f" {heat_system} water tanks charger",
bus0=nodes + f" {heat_system} heat",
bus1=nodes + f" {heat_system} water tanks",
efficiency=costs.at["water tank charger", "efficiency"],
carrier=f"{heat_system} water tanks charger",
p_nom_extendable=True,
)

n.add(
"Link",
nodes + f" {heat_system} water tanks discharger",
bus0=nodes + f" {heat_system} water tanks",
bus1=nodes + f" {heat_system} heat",
carrier=f"{heat_system} water tanks discharger",
efficiency=costs.at["water tank discharger", "efficiency"],
p_nom_extendable=True,
)
n.add("Carrier", f"{heat_system} water tanks")

tes_time_constant_days = options["tes_tau"][
heat_system.central_or_decentral
]

n.add(
"Store",
"StorageUnit",
nodes + f" {heat_system} water tanks",
bus=nodes + f" {heat_system} water tanks",
e_cyclic=True,
e_nom_extendable=True,
bus=nodes + f" {heat_system} heat",
carrier=f"{heat_system} water tanks",
efficiency_store=costs.at["water tank charger", "efficiency"],
max_hours=costs.at[
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TTES in district heating and decentral water tanks do not have the same EtP ratio.

"central water tank storage", "energy to power ratio"
],
efficiency_dispatch=costs.at["water tank discharger", "efficiency"],
p_nom_extendable=True,
standing_loss=1 - np.exp(-1 / 24 / tes_time_constant_days),
capital_cost=costs.at[
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Capital costs are related to power not to energy capacity --> Conversion from €/MWh to €/MW using energy to power ratio.

heat_system.central_or_decentral + " water tank storage", "fixed"
],
lifetime=costs.at[
heat_system.central_or_decentral + " water tank storage", "lifetime"
],
e_nom_extendable=True,
e_cyclic=True,
)
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We might need another case distinction for different sizes of water tanks (DEA's "large hot water tank" for urban central heat and "small scale hot water tank" for urban decentral and rural heat), as the DEA provides different energy-to-power-ratio and costs. This would require additional changes in technology-data.


if heat_system == HeatSystem.URBAN_CENTRAL:

n.add("Carrier", f"{heat_system} water pits")

n.add(
"StorageUnit",
nodes + f" {heat_system} water pits",
bus=nodes + f" {heat_system} heat",
carrier=f"{heat_system} water pits",
efficiency_store=costs.at["water pit charger", "efficiency"],
max_hours=costs.at[
"central water pit storage", "energy to power ratio"
],
efficiency_dispatch=costs.at["water pit discharger", "efficiency"],
p_nom_extendable=True,
standing_loss=1 - np.exp(-1 / 24 / tes_time_constant_days),
capital_cost=costs.at["central water pit storage", "fixed"],
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Same here. Capital costs need to be converted according to unit.

lifetime=costs.at["central water pit storage", "lifetime"],
e_nom_extendable=True,
e_cyclic=True,
)

if options["resistive_heaters"]:
key = f"{heat_system.central_or_decentral} resistive heater"

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -4254,7 +4255,7 @@ def define_clustering(attributes, aggregate_dict):
return agg

logger.info("Cluster residential and service heat buses.")
components = ["Bus", "Carrier", "Generator", "Link", "Load", "Store"]
components = ["Bus", "Carrier", "Generator", "Link", "Load", "Store", "StorageUnit"]

for c in n.iterate_components(components):
df = c.df
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