Remove Provider ABC (deprecated in 1.1)

[1ucian0]

Summary

Provider and ProviderV1 have been deprecated in #12145. This PR removes them.

[qiskit-bot]

One or more of the following people are relevant to this code:

• @Qiskit/terra-core

[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 11895729885

Details

• 8 of 10 (80.0%) changed or added relevant lines in 1 file are covered.
• 11 unchanged lines in 5 files lost coverage.
• Overall coverage decreased (-0.01%) to 88.934%

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Changes Missing Coverage	Covered Lines	Changed/Added Lines	%
qiskit/providers/basic_provider/basic_provider.py	8	10	80.0%

Files with Coverage Reduction	New Missed Lines	%
crates/accelerate/src/two_qubit_decompose.rs	1	92.27%
crates/accelerate/src/unitary_synthesis.rs	1	92.2%
crates/qasm2/src/expr.rs	1	94.02%
crates/qasm2/src/lex.rs	2	91.98%
crates/qasm2/src/parse.rs	6	97.15%

Totals
Change from base Build 11842392021:	-0.01%
Covered Lines:	79382
Relevant Lines:	89259

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💛 - Coveralls

[1ucian0]

Neko failure is blocked by the release of qiskit-community/qiskit-experiments#1490

[qiskit-bot]

One or more of the following people are relevant to this code:

• @Qiskit/terra-core