No-cloning validation analysis

[zhenrongliew]

no-cloning validation analysis with a validation framework to compose multiple validation analyses. Implemented using a lattice for tracking definite and potential cloning violations. Addresses this issue.

    Linear ordering (more precise --> less precise):
      Bottom (proven safe / never occurs)  ⊑ Must (definitely occurs) ⊑ May (possibly occurs) ⊑ Top (unknown / no information)

For example this kernel has 1 definite and 1 potential violation of the no-cloning theorem.

@squin.kernel
def kernel(a: int):
    q = squin.qalloc(5)
    squin.cx(q[0], q[1])
    squin.cx(q[1], q[1])  # definite violation
    squin.cx(q[a], q[2])  # potential violation

IR printing:

func.func kernel(!py.int) -> !py.NoneType {
  ^0(%kernel_self, %a):
  │   %kernel_self --> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │   %a --> ⊤ (Unknown)
  │  %0 = py.constant.constant 5 : !py.int # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │  %q = func.invoke qalloc(%0) : !py.IList[!py.Qubit, !Any] maybe_pure=False # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │  %1 = py.constant.constant 0 : !py.int # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │  %2 = py.indexing.getitem(%q, %1) : !py.Qubit # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │  %3 = py.constant.constant 1 : !py.int # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │  %4 = py.indexing.getitem(%q, %3) : !py.Qubit # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │  %5 = func.invoke cx(%2, %4) : !py.NoneType maybe_pure=False # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │  %6 = py.constant.constant 1 : !py.int # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │  %7 = py.indexing.getitem(%q, %6) : !py.Qubit # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │  %8 = py.constant.constant 1 : !py.int # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │  %9 = py.indexing.getitem(%q, %8) : !py.Qubit # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │ %10 = func.invoke cx(%7, %9) : !py.NoneType maybe_pure=False # ---> Must(frozenset({'Qubit[1] on CX Gate'}))
  │ %11 = py.indexing.getitem(%q, %a : !py.int) : !py.Qubit # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │ %12 = py.constant.constant 2 : !py.int # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │ %13 = py.indexing.getitem(%q, %12) : !py.Qubit # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │ %14 = func.invoke cx(%11, %13) : !py.NoneType maybe_pure=False # ---> May(frozenset({'CX Gate, with unknown argument a'}))
  │ %15 = func.const.none() : !py.NoneType # ---> ⊥ (No Errors)
  │       func.return %15
} // func.func kernel

Validation reporting:

Error: Cloning qubit [1] at CX gate
  File "/Users/Documents/kirin-workspace/bloqade-circuit/test/analysis/validation/test_no_cloning.py", line 159, col 4
     │  q = squin.qalloc(5)
     │  squin.cx(q[0], q[1])
  159│  squin.cx(q[1], q[1])
     │  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
     │  squin.cx(q, q[2])


Warning: Potential cloning at CX gate, with unknown argument a
  File "/Users/Documents/kirin-workspace/bloqade-circuit/test/analysis/validation/test_no_cloning.py", line 160, col 4
     │  squin.cx(q[0], q[1])
     │  squin.cx(q[1], q[1])
  160│  squin.cx(q, q[2])
     │  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

No-Cloning Validation Analysis Implementation

• Added a new NoCloningValidation class in analysis.py that tracks qubit usage and detects cloning violations, distinguishing between definite (Must) and potential (May) errors.
• Defined a QubitValidation lattice in lattice.py with four states (Bottom, Must, May, Top), supporting precise tracking and merging of violation information.

Testing

• Added tests in test_no_cloning.py to verify detection of cloning violations in various scenarios, including various control gates, conditionals, and parallel gates,.

---

Composite Validation Framework Usage:

suite = ValidationSuite(
    [
        NoCloningValidation,
        SomeValidation,
        AnotherValidation,
    ]
)
result = suite.validate(my_kernel)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 73.29843% with 102 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...c/bloqade/analysis/validation/nocloning/lattice.py	41.46%	72 Missing ⚠️
src/bloqade/analysis/validation/validationpass.py	83.72%	14 Missing ⚠️
src/bloqade/analysis/validation/nocloning/impls.py	80.00%	9 Missing ⚠️
.../bloqade/analysis/validation/nocloning/analysis.py	94.44%	7 Missing ⚠️

📢 Thoughts on this report? Let us know!

[github-actions]

☂️ Python Coverage

current status: ✅

Overall Coverage

Lines	Covered	Coverage	Threshold	Status
10524	9176	87%	0%	🟢

New Files

File	Coverage	Status
src/bloqade/analysis/validation/nocloning/_init_.py	100%	🟢
src/bloqade/analysis/validation/nocloning/analysis.py	94%	🟢
src/bloqade/analysis/validation/nocloning/impls.py	80%	🟢
src/bloqade/analysis/validation/nocloning/lattice.py	41%	🟢
src/bloqade/analysis/validation/validationpass.py	84%	🟢
TOTAL	80%	🟢

Modified Files

No covered modified files...

updated for commit: b572471 by action🐍