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oscarbranson committed Oct 3, 2024
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion book/00_intro/intro/intro.md
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# Introduction

Welcome to Quantitative Environmental Sciences, a new course offered at 1B in Natural Sciences.
**Welcome to Quantitative Environmental Sciences!**

Quantitative Environmental Sciences (QES) is a multidisciplinary course designed to integrate the physics, maths, biology, and chemistry behind environmental issues and models of environmental systems.
Students will explore how Natural Sciences will be instrumental in solving the real-world problems that we are currently facing and will continue to face in the coming decades.
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2 changes: 0 additions & 2 deletions book/03_rivers/intro/intro.md
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# Surface water and Flooding

Flooding and impact of climate change

In this series of lectures we will develop a series of models for the dynamics of surface water and its drainage. We will explore a series of simple models to eludicate the controls on the capacity of the drainage system ; in cases where this is exceeded floods develop. There are a series of different types of flooding, ranging from fluvial flooding from rivers, pluvial flooding over the land, and then coastal flooding associated with sea level rise and storm surge. A different form of flooding arises from dam failure and release of fluids from a reservoir. The simplified models we will develop are based on models of fluid flow in channels, over and through the ground, and in river systems; we also develop models for flooding through urban areas, where there may be very large resistance to the flow, and rapidly evolving flow paths as debris is carried downstream.

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6 changes: 4 additions & 2 deletions book/04_atmosphere/intro/intro.md
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# Air Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry

__Lecture 18 – An overview of the atmosphere__
In this part of the course we will consider the characterstics of atmosphere, air pollution, and their interactions with climate. It begins with an overview of the atmosphere’s structure, temperature variations, and the roles of ozone and radiatively active gases. Air pollution is then explored, focusing on key pollutants like nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and particulate matter (PM), their sources, and historical trends. The course delves into the atmospheric chemistry of pollutants, explaining their removal through processes like gas-phase oxidation and photolysis, and calculating pollutant lifetimes. Aerosols, including their formation, composition, and role in heterogeneous reactions, are examined next. Finally, the relationship between air pollution and climate is explored, particularly how aerosols influence cloud formation, cloud properties, and climate through mechanisms like the Koehler theory.

<!-- __Lecture 18 – An overview of the atmosphere__
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During this lecture we will review the structure (layers) of the atmosphere.
We will use physical principles to determine how mass changes and why.
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__Lecture 22 - Air pollution and climate__
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This lecture describes how aerosols affect climate through their interaction with clouds. It introduces the role of aerosols in cloud formation, the Koehler theory and rate of droplet growth. It introduces also the role of aerosols in modifying cloud properties such as cloud optical thickness, lifetime, and albedo.
This lecture describes how aerosols affect climate through their interaction with clouds. It introduces the role of aerosols in cloud formation, the Koehler theory and rate of droplet growth. It introduces also the role of aerosols in modifying cloud properties such as cloud optical thickness, lifetime, and albedo. -->

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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions book/07_landcarbon/intro/intro.md
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# Terrestrial Carbon

Over the course of the next four lectures we will discuss the role of the land surface in Earth’s climate system. Although the land surface is not included in your climate model for the lab report, the land plays a critical role in Earth’s climate, both because it stores a lot of carbon (2-3x as much as the surface ocean) and because it is critical for Earth’s heat and moisture balance. The land surface is also critical for the production of trace atmospheric gases, which we learned at the end of Michaelmas term are precursors to aerosol formation. And the land surface is where the vast majority of methane that reaches the atmosphere comes from.
Over the course of the next four lectures we will discuss the role of the land surface in Earth’s climate system. Although the land surface is not included in your climate model for the lab report, the land plays a critical role in Earth’s climate, both because it stores a lot of carbon (2-3x as much as the surface ocean) and because it is critical for Earth’s heat and moisture balance. The land surface is also critical for the production of trace atmospheric gases, which we learned at the end of Michaelmas term are precursors to aerosol formation. And the land surface is where the vast majority of methane that reaches the atmosphere comes from.

The four lectures are broken down as follows
<!-- The four lectures are broken down as follows
Lecture 40 – Why do we care about what is on the land? Plants in Earth’s climate system, the formation of soils and soil, vegetation, atmosphere transfer models (SVAT). How these are parameterised using Eddy Covariance techniques.
Lecture 41 – The Methane Cycle: The importance of Methane in Earth’s climate. What are the key sources and sinks of methane and why is it such a target for climate mitigation measures?
Lecture 42 – The Methane Cycle: How are estimates of methane fluxes made and why are different estimates so widely varying? How can we close the gap on the methane budget?
Lecture 43 – Other trace gases produced by soils and the role of soil moisture in amplifying climate change and extreme weather events.
Lecture 43 – Other trace gases produced by soils and the role of soil moisture in amplifying climate change and extreme weather events. -->

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1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions book/10_energytransitions/intro/intro.md
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# Energy Transitions

In this part of the course, we explore how can apply the tools you've learned throughout QES to think about the green energy transition.

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