Release-2024.10

RIOT-2024.10 "FlexTape" - Release Notes

RIOT is a multi-threading operating system which enables soft real-time
capabilities and comes with support for a range of devices that are typically
found in the Internet of Things: 8-bit and 16-bit microcontrollers as well as
light-weight 32-bit processors.

RIOT is based on the following design principles: energy-efficiency, soft
real-time capabilities, small memory footprint, modularity, and uniform API
access, independent of the underlying hardware (with partial POSIX compliance).

RIOT is developed by an international open-source community which is
independent of specific vendors (e.g. similarly to the Linux community) and is
licensed with a non-viral copyleft license (LGPLv2.1), which allows indirect
business models around the free open-source software platform provided by RIOT.

About this release

Highlights of the 2024.10 release:

This release fixes some long-standing packet buffer leaks that occurred when using
gnrc_netif_pktq and 6LoWPAN or netdev_new_api (#20983, #20834).

A long standing-bug in the CC2538 radio driver has been fixed when processing
corrupted frames, that before could render the device unresponsive. This can be
triggered due to radio interference, but we also believe that an attacker within range
of the radio could send crafted frames to reliably trigger the issue. We therefore
consider this a denial of service vulnerability and advise all users of the CC2538 to
upgrade to 2024.10 or cherry-pick 1b61216. More
details are published in the security advisory.

With SUIT it is now easier to accept firmwares signed with different keys,
e.g., a node build and signed with a development key can be configured to
accept images signed with either the development key or the production key (#21019).
The public keys are now also stored on the developer's machine, so if a
encrypted private key is used, you don't need the decryption password to build
a firmware, only for signing it (#20862).

THREAD_CREATE_STACKTEST is now the default when DEVELHELP is used.

This release saw the addition of the adafruit-metro-m4-express board.

129 pull requests, composed of 255 commits, have been merged since the
last release, and 5 issues have been solved. 29 people contributed with
code in 119 days. 502 files have been touched with 142126 (+) insertions and
1896 deletions (-).

Notations used below

+ means new feature/item
* means modified feature/item
- means removed feature/item

New features and changes

System Libraries

• Rust: Add make cargo-command and refactoring around it (#20828)
• static_tests: Add test for Rust code formatting rules (#20887)
• sys/event: add API to start periodic event without initial delay (#20911)
• sys/event: add event_sync() (#20916)

• event/timeout: event_timeout_set() enqueues immediately if timeout is
  zero (#20870)
• examples/rust: Update CoAP example modules (#20821)
• Rust: Update to riot-wrappers 0.9 (#20829)

Networking

• drivers: Add shield_llcc68 module (#20885)
• nib.c: add interface selection rules for static link local address
  assignment (#20784)
• sys/event: add assertion that event has a handler (#20847)
• sys/net/application_layer/nanocoap: add nanocoap_sock_get_non() (#20852)
• tests/net: add stub test for gcoap_forward_proxy (#20909)

• gcoap: Avoid reading beyond defined input buffer (#20549)
• gnrc/ipv6/nib: don't queue packets on 6lo neighbors and drop/flush
  if… (#20834)
• gnrc_ipv6_nib: Force unspecified next hop addresses (#20371)
• gnrc_sixlowpan_frag: enable gnrc_netif_pktq if netdev_new_api is
  used (#20879)
• net/dhcpv6: Improve option handling in dhcpv6 advertise (#20801)

Packages

• pkg/emlearn: bump version to 0.17.1 (#20347)
• pkg/littlefs: make use of RIOT's log module instead of pkg provided
  macros (#20894)
• pkg/lvgl: Increase default LV_MEM_SIZE for 64 bit and enable tests
  for native64 (#20846)
• pkg/nanocbor - upgrade to last version (#20813)
• pkg/wamr : updated wamr version to v2.1.1 (#20795)

Boards

• boards/adafruit-grand-central-m4-express: provide arduino features (#20904)
• boards/adafruit-metro-m4-express: initial port (#20912)
• boards/nucleo-f439zi: add ADC support (#20814)
• boards/nucleo-g474re: add MCU table (#20851)
• boards/nucleo64: add pinout source (#20931)
• boards/stm32l476g-disco: add ADC support (#20793)
• boards/stm32l476g-disco: add PWM support (#20807)

• boards/ek-lm4f120x: Change internal LED macro for C2Rust
  compatibility (#20831)
• boards/nucleo-l432kc: enable CAN support (#20845)

CPU

• core/thread: always use THREAD_CREATE_STACKTEST when DEVELHELP is
  enabled (#20450)
• cpu/cc2538: mask length byte before checking CRC (#21038)
• cpu/esp32: Improve error descriptions (#20914)
• cpu/msp430: Implement periph_gpio_ll & periph_gpio_ll_irq (#20679)
• cpu/nrf52: fix RSSI calculation in nrf802154_radio (#20839)
• cpu/sam0_common/periph: fix rtt reset after hibernation (#20842)
• drivers/periph/gpio: make gpio_write() take a bool (#20935)

Device Drivers

• drivers/dht: fix null deref with saul (#20927)
• drivers/led: Allow LEDn_ON to be disabled by other modules (#20833)

Documentation

• CODING_CONVENTIONS.md: Add preprocessor directive formatting (#20866)
• boards/nucleo-g070rb & g071rb: add pinouts to documentation (#20822)
• boards/nucleo-g070rb: add MCU table to doc page (#20825)
• boards/nucleo-g071rb: add MCU table to doc page (#20827)
• boards/nucleo-g431rb & g474re: add pinouts to boards doc page (#20832)
• boards/nucleo-g431rb: add MCU table to documentation (#20848)
• boards/stm32l476g-disco: add pinout to documentation page (#20808)

• riot.doxyfile: Update and remove deprecated options (#20897)
• boards/nucleo-l053r8: MCU table addition to doc page (#20804)
• boards/stm32l0538-disco: addition of pinout to documentation page (#20810)
• build system: document riotbuild.h and deprecated RIOT_MCU (#20566)
• doc/doxygen: print link to generated documentation (#20896)
• doc: Point out common problem installing c2rust (#20844)
• sys/net/app/cord: update doc (#20921)

Build System / Tooling

• Makefile: add .DEFAULT target to further guide new users (#20895)
• .clang-format: Add default clang-format configuration (#20865)

• CI: fix true and false positives by newer codespell version (#20899)
• dist/tools/bootterm: bump to 0.5 (#20871)
• dist/tools/cosy: take BUILD_DIR into account (#20789)
• make: export DEVELHELP (#20889)
• makefiles/arch/native: don't be pedantic (#20873)
• makefiles/suit: make use of SUIT_SEC_PASSWORD optional (#20862)
• makefiles/suit: store public keys, make it easier to work with
  multiple keys (#20858)
• makefiles/docker.inc.mk: bump riotbuild docker image to last
  available (#20840)
• gh-actions: bump deprecated packages (#20892)

Examples

• examples: Add asynchronous Rust example (#20830)
• examples/leds_shell: add example for interactive LEDs/GPIO control (#20782)

• examples/gcoap-rust: Expose more functionality (#20838)
• examples/leds_shell: use periph_gpio_mock on native (#20796)

Testing

• tests/pkg/emlearn: add model.h to repo (#20841)

• tests/gnrc_ipv6_nib: rtr_ltime test (#20372)

API Changes

• cpu/stm32: implement periph_gpio_ll_switch_dir (#20805)
• drivers/periph_gpio: let gpio_read() return bool (#20936)
• drivers/periph_gpio_ll: change API to access GPIO ports (#20639)

And 26 minor changes.

Deprecations

Removals (1)

• sys/ztimer: Remove the deprecated ztimer_now64 (#20826)

Bug fixes (27)

• boards/common/arduino-zero: Add Arudino SPI mapping (#20884)
• cpu/native/periph_timer: add missing -lrt to linker flags (#20816)
• cpu/sam0_common/periph_adc: add work around for errata 2.1.6 (#21001)
• bluetil: Ensure advertisement length does not exceed pkt len (#20881)
• boards/samd5x: GCLK source for ADC must not exceed 100 MHz (#20932)
• boards/stm32f429i-disc1: fix touch screen axis (#21014)
• build system: simplify docker image pinning (#20877)
• core/mutex: use thread_yield_higher() in mutex_unlock() (#20890)
• core/panic: don't use LOG_ functions in panic handler (#20790)
• cpu/sam0_common/periph_gpio_ll: fix gpio_get_port() and gpio_ll_query_conf() (#21008)
• dns_msg: skip RDLENGTH_LENGTH field when skipping record (#20857)
• drivers/at86rf215: return ENETDOWN when interface is down (#21037)
• examples/lorawan: drop crazy STM32 hack (#20883)
• gcoap/forward_proxy: handle timeout case (#20915)
• gh-actions: bump upload-artifact to v4 (#20875)
• gnrc/ipv6: nib route: hide off-link PLEs (#20835)
• gnrc/ipv6: Store all SLAAC prefixes (#20757)
• gnrc_lorawan: Ensure minimal packet length (#20880)
• gnrc_netif: fix double free with netdev_new_api & gnrc_netif_pktq
  (#20979)
• gnrc_netif: fix packet leak with gnrc_netif_pktq & netdev_new_api
  (#20997)
• nanocoap: always write at least 1 byte in coap_block2_finish() (#20855)
• net/dhcpv6: Improve option parsing in dhcpv6 advertise (#20882)
• sys/net/application_layer/gcoap: fix Observe notifications
  correlation (#20684)
• sys/net/nanocoap: fix UB when building hdr (#20917)
• sys/usb_cdc_acm_stdio: only submit and flush for non-empty buffer
  (#20987)
• sys/ztimer: fix re-scheduling of timers (#20924)
• Various PSA Crypto fixes (#20854)

Known issues

Network related issues (55)

• 6lo: RIOT does not receive packets from Linux when short_addr is set (#11033)
• Address registration handling inappropriate (#15867)
• app/netdev: application stops working after receiving frames with
  assertion or completely without error (#8271)
• at86rf2xx: Dead lock when sending while receiving (#8242)
• cpu/esp8266: Tracking open problems of esp_wifi netdev driver (#10861)
• DHCPv6 client: Handling of NotOnLink incorrect (#20349)
• dist/tools/sliptty/start_network.sh: IPv6 connectivity is broken on
  PC (#14689)
• driver/mrf24j40: blocks shell input with auto_init_gnrc_netif (#12943)
• drivers/at86rf215: Incorrect channel number set for subGHz (#15906)
• DTLS examples cannot send message to localhost (#14315)
• Emcute cannot create a double-byte name (#12642)
• ethernet: Missing multicast addr assignment (#13493)
• ethos: fails to respond to first message. (#11988)
• ethos: Unable to handle fragmented IPv6 packets from Linux kernel (#12264)
• example/gnrc_border_router cannot answer after some time (#19578)
• examples/cord_ep: Dead lock when (re-)registering in callback
  function (#12884)
• examples/gnrc_border_router: esp_wifi crashes on disconnect (#14679)
• Forwarding a packet back to its link layer source should not be
  allowed (#5051)
• gcoap example request on tap I/F fails with NIB issue (#8199)
• gcoap: Suspected crosstalk between requests (possible NULL call) (#14390)
• Global IPv6 addresses remain deprecated after receiving RA (#19846)
• gnrc ipv6: multicast packets are not dispatched to the upper layers (#5230)
• gnrc/ipv6: "invalid payload length" - corrupted IPv6 header when
  ENABLE_DEBUG=1 in mbox.c (#20390)
• gnrc_border_router stops routing after a while (#16398)
• gnrc_border_router: Kconfig and C disagree about number of addresses
  per interface (#19947)
• gnrc_icmpv6_echo: flood-pinging another node leads to leaks in own
  packet buffer (#12565)
• gnrc_ipv6: Multicast is not forwarded if routing node listens to the
  address (#4527)
• gnrc_rpl: missing bounds checks in _parse_options (#16085)
• gnrc_rpl: nib route not updated when topology / DODAG changes (#17327)
• gnrc_rpl: old routes are not deleted (#19423)
• gnrc_rpl: takes unusually long time to start routing packets (#19147)
• gnrc_sock_udp: Possible Race condition on copy in application buffer (#10389)
• gnrc_tcp: gnrc_tcp_recv() never generates -ECONNABORTED (#17896)
• gomach: Resetting netif with cli doesn't return (#10370)
• ieee802154_submac: IPv6 fragmentation broken (#16998)
• LoRaWan node ISR stack overflowed (#14962)
• LWIP TCP Communication Error (#19676)
• lwip_sock_tcp / sock_async: received events before calling
  sock_accept() are lost due to race condition. (#16303)
• Missing drop implementations in netdev_driver_t::recv (#10410)
• Neighbor Discovery not working after router reboot when using SLAAC (#11038)
• netdev_ieee802154: Mismatch between radio ll address and in memory
  address (#10380)
• nrf52: Not able to add global or ULA address to interface (#13280)
• nrfmin: communication not possible after multicast ping with no
  interval (#11405)
• ping6 is failing when testing with cc2538dk (#13997)
• pkg/tinydtls: auxiliary data API does not work for async sockets (#16054)
• pkg/tinydtls: DTLS handshake does not work (#19595)
• Removing a TNT global address then adding a new one does not work (#20318)
• samr30 xpro doesn't seem to use its radio ok (#12761)
• scan-build errors found during 2019.07 testing (#11852)
• stale border router does not get replaced (#12210)
• test/lwip: enabling both, IPv4 and IPv6, results in unexpected
  behavior (#18097)
• tests/lwip: does not compile for IPv4 on 6LoWPAN-based boards. (#17162)
• two nodes livelock sending neighbor solicitations back and forth
  between each other (#16670)
• xbee: setting PAN ID sometimes fails (#10338)

Timer related issues (7)

• misc issues with tests/trickle (#9052)
• MSP430: periph_timer clock config wrong (#8251)
• periph/timer: timer_set() underflow safety check (tracking issue) (#13072)
• periph_timer: systematic proportional error in timer_set (#10545)
• saml21 system time vs rtc (#10523)
• stm32_common/periph/rtc: current implementation broken/poor accuracy (#8746)
• sys/newlib: gettimeofday() returns time since boot, not current wall
  time. (#9187)

Drivers related issues (11)

• at86rf2xx: Simultaneous use of different transceiver types is not
  supported (#4876)
• cpu/msp430: GPIO driver doesn't work properly (#9419)
• examples/dtls-wolfssl not working on pba-d-01-kw2x (#13527)
• fail to send data to can bus (#12371)
• mdt_erase success, but vfs_format resets board (esp32-heltec-
  lora32-v2) (#14506)
• periph/spi: Switching between CPOL=0,1 problems on Kinetis with
  software CS (#6567)
• periph: GPIO drivers are not thread safe (#4866)
• PWM: Single-phase initialization creates flicker (#15121)
• STM32: SPI clock not returning to idle state and generating
  additional clock cycles (#11104)
• TCP client cannot send read only data (#16541)
• tests/periph_flashpage: unexpected behavior on nucleo-l4r5zi (#17599)

Native related issues (4)

• examples/micropython: floating point exception while testing on
  native (#15870)
• native getchar is blocking RIOT (#16834)
• native not float safe (#495)
• native: tlsf: early malloc will lead to a crash (#5796)

Other platforms related issues (13)

• Failing tests on FE310 (Hifive1b) (#13086)
• [TRACKING] Fixes for automatic tests of ESP32 boards. (#12763)
• boards/hifive1: flashing issue (#13104)
• cpu/sam0: flashpage write / read cycle produces different results
  depending on code layout in flash (#14929)
• esp32-wroom-32: tests/netstats_l2 failing sometimes (#14237)
• examples/gnrc_border_router: esp_wifi_init failed with return value
  257 on ESP32-C3 with nimble_rpble (#19319)
• gcoap/esp8266: Stack overflow with gcoap example (#13606)
• Interrupt callback function is instantly called on samd51 after
  setting it from within interrupt callback function (#19861)
• MPU doesn't work on cortex-m0+ (#14822)
• newlib-nano: Printf formatting does not work properly for some
  numeric types (#1891)
• periph_timer: Test coverage & broken on STM32F767ZI (#15072)
• riscv: ISR stack is too small for ENABLE_DEBUG in core files (#16395)
• stm32f7: Large performance difference between stm32f746 and stm32f767 (#14728)

Build system related issues (6)

• buildtest uses wrong build directory (#9742)
• Build dependencies - processing order issues (#9913)
• dist/tools/cppcheck/cppchck.sh: errors when running with Cppcheck
  1.89 (#12771)
• EXTERNAL_MODULE_DIRS silently ignores non-existent entries (#17696)
• make: ccache leads to differing binaries (#14264)
• make: use of immediate value of variables before they have their
  final value (#8913)

Other issues (69)

• 2023.04 release bug tracking (#19469)
• [tracking] Bugs found by the peripheral selftest (#20071)
• [Tracking] Fix failures of test-on-iotlab (#20791)
• [TRACKING] sys/shell refactoring. (#12105)
• [tracking] unnecessary use of floating point arithmetic (#19614)
• _NVIC_SystemReset stuck in infinite loop when calling pm_reboot
  through shell after flashing with J-Link (#13044)
• make term no longer works with JLinkExe v6.94 (#16022)
• at86rf215 stops receiving until sending a packet (#19653)
• b-l072z-lrwan1: tests/ztimer_overhead: test failure (#19224)
• backport_pr: Only works for when fork is in user (not in
  organization) (#18486)
• benchmark_udp: hammering with low interval causes issues (#16808)
• boards/esp32-wroom-32: tests/mtd_raw flakey (#16130)
• build system: race condition when building and running an app for
  native (#20948)
• Builds fail when different execstack options are around in objects (#18522)
• Can't build relic with benchmarks or tests (#12897)
• CC2538-CC2592EM has a very weak transmit power (#17543)
• CC2538DK board docs: broken links (#12889)
• cpp: Exception handling undefined (#17523)
• cpu/stm32: some tests are failing on CM33 (l5, u5) (#17439)
• doc/boards: information concerning access to RIOT shell (#17453)
• doc/LOSTANDFOUND: not rendered as expected (#17063)
• edbg: long lines flooded over serial become garbled (#14548)
• examples / tests: LoRa tests fail on platforms that don't support
  LoRa (#14520)
• examples/gcoap: client broken (#19379)
• feather-m0: make flash reports "device unsupported" (#17722)
• flashing issue on frdm-k64f (#15903)
• frdm-k22f failing tests/periph_flashpage (#17057)
• frdm-k22f fails tests/periph_timer (#19543)
• Freeze into semtech_loramac_send call (pkg/semtech-loramac) (#18790)
• gcoap: gcoap_req_send and related should return negative for errors (#19393)
• gnrc_ipv6_nib: Neighbor Solicitation ping-pong (#18164)
• I2C not working under RIOT with U8G2 pkg (#16381)
• ieee802154_security: Nonce is reused after reboot (#16844)
• kconfiglib.py choice override of menuconfig bug (#19069)
• lwip: drivers/at86rf2xx/at86rf2xx_netdev.c invalid state during TCP
  disconnect (#17209)
• lwip: invalid state transition on ieee802154_submac users (#17208)
• Making the newlib thread-safe (#4488)
• mcuboot: flashes but no output (#17524)
• MTD is confusing (#17663)
• nanocoap: incomplete response to /.well-known/core request (#10731)
• Order of auto_init functions (#13541)
• periph_rtt: rtt_set_alarm() blocks IRQ for 80 plus usec on STM32 (#19520)
• pkg/tinydtls: Multiple issues (#16108)
• Potential race condition in compile_and_test_for_board.py (#12621)
• RIOT is saw-toothing in energy consumption (even when idling) (#5009)
• riotboot: ECC faults (eg. in STM32L5 or STM32WB) not handled
  gracefully (#17874)
• rust-gcoap example is incompatible with littlefs2 (#17817)
• Samr30/gpio: Erasing then write mux can generate spurious IRQ (#19993)
• samr34-xpro: some tests failing (#19223)
• sock_dtls: unable to send big messages (#17996)
• spurious IRQs in periph_timer (#18976)
• stdio_ethos: infinite shell loop (#17972)
• stdio_tinyusb_cdc_acm hangs with picolibc (#19277)
• STM32 Nucleo boards improperly clocked (#19778)
• STM32F4-discovery + mrf24j40 not working (#19711)
• sys/riotboot: documentation issues (#11243)
• tests/lwip target board for python test is hardcoded to native (#6533)
• tests/periph_flashpage: failing on stm32l475ve (#17280)
• tests/pkg/relic is failing on samr21-xpro when built using llvm (#19903)
• tests/pkg_libhydrogen: test fails on master for the samr21-xpro with
  LLVM (#15066)
• tests/pkg_libschc: Failing test_reassemble_success_ack_always (#19445)
• tests/test_tools: test fails while testing on samr21-xpro/iotlab-m3 (#15888)
• tests: broken with stdio_rtt if auto_init is disabled (#13120)
• tests: some tests don't work with newlib lock functions. (#12732)
• Types in byteorder.h need a cleanup (#14737)
• USB identifiers with funny characters create mojibake (#17776)
• usbus/msc: wrong error handling and behavior after usb reset (#19478)
• Use of multiple CAN bus on compatible boards (#14801)
• ztimer is incompatible with real-time requirements (#18883)

There are 165 known issues in this release

Fixed Issues since the last release (2024.07)

• #20472 probably broke macOS docker build (#20853)
• (cortex-m) unexpected kernel panic after thread exit (#20812)
• gcoap_fileserver: can't deal with 16 byte block size (#20686)
• dns_msg_parse_reply() fails for response from DNS64 service (#20355)
• drivers/srf04: incorrect values on ATmega based platforms (#13079)
• gnrc_netif_pktq leaks memory (#17924)

5 fixed issues since last release (2024.07)

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all companies that provided us with hardware for porting
and testing RIOT. Further thanks go to companies and institutions that
directly sponsored development time. And finally, big thanks to all of you
contributing in so many different ways to make RIOT worthwhile!

More information

http://www.riot-os.org

Matrix and Forum

• Join the RIOT Matrix room at: #riot-os:matrix.org
• Join the RIOT Forum at: forum.riot-os.org

License

• The code developed by the RIOT community is licensed under the GNU Lesser
  General Public License (LGPL) version 2.1 as published by the Free Software
  Foundation.
• Some external sources and packages are published under a separate license.

All code files contain licensing information.