Properly escape special characters & quote arguments

Note:

- Passing arguments to mingw/cygwin bash does not work without `bash -c`
- Not much I can do for PowerShell: https://github.com/Azure/azure-cli/blob/dev/doc/quoting-issues-with-powershell.md

lib/core.ps1

@@ -1003,14 +1003,18 @@ function shim($path, $global, $name, $arg) {
         ) -join "`n" | Out-UTF8File $shim -NoNewLine
     } else {
         warn_on_overwrite "$shim.cmd" $path
+        $quoted_arg = if ($arg.Count -gt 0) { $arg | ForEach-Object { "`"$_`"" } }
         @(
             "@rem $resolved_path",
             '@echo off',
             'bash -c "command -v wslpath >/dev/null"',
             'if %errorlevel% equ 0 (',
-            "  bash `"`$(wslpath -u '$resolved_path')`" $arg %*",
+            "  bash `"`$(wslpath -u '$resolved_path')`" $quoted_arg %*",
             ') else (',
-            "  bash `"`$(cygpath -u '$resolved_path')`" $arg %*",
+            "  set args=$quoted_arg %*",
+            '  setlocal enabledelayedexpansion',
+            '  if not "!args!"=="" set args=!args:"=""!',
+            "  bash -c `"`$(cygpath -u '$resolved_path') !args!`"",
             ')'
         ) -join "`r`n" | Out-UTF8File "$shim.cmd"