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Expand Up @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Setting up networks is an essential operation for a system administrator. Mainta

**Main Objectives**

1. Configure a private virtual network for your **VMs** and your **debhost** machine
1. Configure a private virtual network for your **VMs** and your **debhost**
2. Configure network interfaces for your Virtual Machines using both **graphical** and **command-line** utilities.
3. Use **local hostname resolution** to resolve hostnames to the corresponding IP addresses
4. Use common networking utilities to associate network services with port numbers for troubleshooting purposes
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## Investigation 1: Configuring A Virtual Network

For the remainder of this course, we will focus on configuring our VM's to communicate across a (Virtual) network. This lab will focus on setting up a virtual network, connecting our VMs and debhost machine to the network, and configuring local hostname resolution to make it more convenient to use, troubleshoot, and protect. **Lab 7** will focus on configuring SSH and making access to the virtual network more secure. Finally, **lab 8** will focus on configuring a DHCP server to automatically assign an IP addresses and other configuration details to DHCP clients.
For the remainder of this course, we will focus on configuring our VM's to communicate across a (Virtual) network. This lab will focus on setting up a virtual network, connecting our VMs and debhost to the network, and configuring local hostname resolution to make it more convenient to use, troubleshoot, and protect. **Lab 7** will focus on configuring SSH and making access to the virtual network more secure. Finally, **lab 8** will focus on configuring a DHCP server to automatically assign an IP addresses and other configuration details to DHCP clients.

### Part 1: Configuring a Private Network (Via Virtual Machine Manager)

Expand All @@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ Before configuring our network, we want to **turn off dynamic network configurat

![ops245net](/img/ops245net.png)

This diagram shows the current network configuration of your **debhost** machine in relation to your **Virtual Machines**. In this section, you will be learning to change the default network settings for both your **debhost** machine and **VMs** to belong to a **virtual network** using fixed IP Addresses.
This diagram shows the current network configuration of your **debhost** in relation to your **Virtual Machines**. In this section, you will be learning to change the default network settings for both your **debhost** and **VMs** to belong to a **virtual network** using fixed IP Addresses.

**Perform the following steps:**

1. Launch your **debhost VM** and start the Virtual Machine Manager.
1. Boot up your **debhost** and start the Virtual Machine Manager.
2. Make certain that the **deb1**, **deb2**, and **deb3** virtual machines are **powered off**.
3. In the Virtual Machine Manager dialog box, select **Edit-> Connection Details**.
![vmmedit](/img/vmmedit.png)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ Although the private virtual network has been setup via **Virtual Machine Manage

**Perform the following steps:**

1. On your **debhost** machine, run **`ip address`** and make note of the IP address assigned to the **virbr1** (i.e. "Virtual Bridge) interface. This will be the default gateway and DNS server for your other VMs.
1. On your **debhost**, run **`ip address`** and make note of the IP address assigned to the **virbr1** (i.e. "Virtual Bridge) interface. This will be the default gateway and DNS server for your other VMs.
2. Select the **Console** view (instead of Details), start your **deb1** VM, and login.
3. Within your **deb1** VM, open a terminal and show the network interfaces with the command **`ip address`**
![deb1ipadd1](/img/deb1ipadd1.png)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -285,8 +285,8 @@ On large public networks like the Internet or even large private networks we use

**Perform the following steps:**

1. Complete this investigation on **all of your VMs** and the **debhost** machine.
2. Use the `hostname` and `ip` commands on your **debhost** machine and all of your 3 VM's to gather the information needed to configure the **/etc/hosts** file on all of your Linux systems.
1. Complete this investigation on **all of your VMs** and on **debhost**.
2. Use the `hostname` and `ip` commands on your **debhost** and all of your 3 VM's to gather the information needed to configure the **/etc/hosts** file on all of your Linux systems.
3. Edit the **/etc/hosts** file for the **debhost**, **deb1**, **deb2** and **deb3** VMs. Add the following contents to the bottom of the **/etc/hosts** file:

```text
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ Read the first four sections of this [blogpost](https://www.baeldung.com/linux/a

**Perform the following steps:**

1. Switch to your **debhost** machine and start a sudo shell.
1. Switch to your **debhost** and start a sudo shell.
2. Install the **`net-tools`** package.
3. Issue the **ping** command to test connectivity to your **deb1**, **deb2**, and **deb3** VMs.
4. Examine the contents of the ARP cache by using the command: `arp` What is the purpose of ARP?
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ ss -t dst :22
> - **UDP** is a connectionless protocol that relies on application layer protocols to handle reliability of traffic.
11. From **deb2** exit your ssh connection into **debhost** and rerun the command on the **`ss -at`**. Instead of **ESTABLISHED** it should now show a state of **CLOSE_WAIT**. Indicating that the TCP connection is being closed.
12. On your debhost VM, try the command: `ss -atn` How is this output different? Without the -n option ss attempts to resolve IP addresses to host names (using /etc/hosts) and port numbers to service names (using /etc/services)
12. On your debhost, try the command: `ss -atn` How is this output different? Without the -n option ss attempts to resolve IP addresses to host names (using /etc/hosts) and port numbers to service names (using /etc/services)
13. Examine the **/etc/services** file and find which ports are used for the services: ssh, sftp, http

**Answer INVESTIGATION 2 observations / questions in your lab log book.**
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**Perform the Following Steps:**

1. Make certain that ALL of your VMs are running.
2. Switch to your **debhost** VM.
2. Switch to your **debhost**.
3. Change to your user's **bin** directory.
4. Issue the Linux command:

Expand Down

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