Try the troubleshooting steps from puppeteer

Dockerfile

@@ -11,13 +11,21 @@ RUN apt-get update \
     && rbenv install 3.2.0 \
     && rbenv global 3.2.0
 
+# Install latest chrome stable package.
+RUN wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add -
+RUN sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list'
+RUN apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y google-chrome-stable --no-install-recommends \
+    && apt-get clean
+
+# install puppeteer and stuff
 ENV npm_config_prefix="$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.node"
 ENV PATH="$npm_config_prefix:${PATH}"
 RUN mkdir -p "$npm_config_prefix" \
   && chmod -R 777 "$npm_config_prefix" \
   && umask 000 \
-  && npm install -g @lhci/[email protected] puppeteer \
-  && npx puppeteer browsers install chrome
+  && npm install -g @lhci/[email protected] lighthouse puppeteer \
+  && npm link puppeteer
 
 # every time
 RUN npm install -g @shopify/cli @shopify/theme

entrypoint.sh

@@ -195,6 +195,8 @@ ci:
         - "--disable-setuid-sandbox"
         - "--disable-dev-shm-usage"
         - "--disable-gpu"
+        - "--executable-path"
+        - "google-chrome-stable"
   upload:
     target: temporary-public-storage
   assert: