Update CI build to ubuntu-latest (22.04)

[mikee47]

Use ubuntu-latest (22.04) for CI

Add repo for clang

Keep using clang-8

Use default gcc (11)

Was gcc 9

Fix FatIFS library test failure

exfat-utils has moved to exfatprogs
kernel contains exfat support, but requires linux-modules-extra-azure
Recent versions of fsck.vfat require volume label matches boot sector

Explicitly use python 3.12 for CI

Default is python 3.8 which is a bit old.
ESP32 IDF 4.3/4.4 breaks with later versions but a sensible default is 3.12.

[what-the-diff]

PR Summary

• Updated GitHub Actions Workflow
  Upgraded the workflow to use the latest version of GitHub's checkout action that fetches the repository content. Introduced an additional step for setting up Python version 3.12 for more efficiency.

• Optimized Dependency Versions
  The workflow now utilizes the latest stable version of Ubuntu. The Python version used in most matrix test cases is also standardized to version 3.12.

• Updated Sub-modules
  Quicker access to updated features and bug fixes is now available due to updated references for three submodule libraries: Sming/Components/IFS, Sming/Libraries/FatIFS, and Sming/Libraries/USB.

• Upgraded Installation Script
  The installation script (Tools/install.sh) now adds a new repository for clang-format-8 on Ubuntu 22.04 and has been updated with new package installation commands for better compatibility and installation process.