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README.md

C - Makefiles

Resources

Read or watch :

  • Makefile
  • Makefiletutorial Learning Objectives At the end of this project, you are expected to be able to explain to anyone, without the help of Google:

General

  • What are make, Makefiles
  • When, why and how to use Makefiles
  • What are rules and how to set and use them
  • What are explicit and implicit rules
  • What are the most common / useful rules
  • What are variables and how to set and use them

Requirements

General

  • Allowed editors: vi, vim, emacs
  • OS: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
  • Version of gcc: 9.3.0
  • Version of make: GNU Make 4.2.1
  • All your files should end with a new line
  • A README.md file, at the root of the folder of the project, is mandatory

More Info

Files

The following are very important steps

  • In the following tasks, we are going to use these files. We want to compile these only.
  • You can either create the files of the repository into your project folder (makefiles) and copy paste their content from github OR you can clone the 0x1B.c repository into the makefiles folder.
  • If you’re going to clone it, you should enter the makefiles folder and inside this folder delete the .git folder using this command rm -rf .git then move the files from this folder into the makefilesfolder to test your work.

Tasks

0. make -f 0-Makefile

Create your first Makefile.

Requirements:

  • name of the executable: school
  • rules: all
    • The all rule builds your executable
  • variables: none
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make -f 0-Makefile 
gcc main.c school.c -o school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ ./school 
j#0000000000000000000000000000000000000
j#000000000000000000@Q**g00000000000000
j#0000000000000000*]++]4000000000000000
j#000000000000000k]++]++*N#000000000000
j#0000000000000*C+++]++]++]J*0000000000
j#00000000000@+]++qwwwp=]++++]*00000000
j#0000000000*+++]q#0000k+]+]++]4#000000
j#00000000*C+]+]w#0000*]+++]+]++0000000
j#0000we+]wW000***C++]++]+]++++40000000
j#000000000*C+]+]]+]++]++]++]+q#0000000
j#0000000*]+]+++++++]++]+++]+++J0000000
j#000000C++]=]+]+]+]++]++]+]+]+]=000000
j#00000k+]++]+++]+]++qwW0000000AgW00000
j#00000k++]++]+]+++qW#00000000000000000
j#00000A]++]++]++]++J**0000000000000000
j#000000e]++]+++]++]++]J000000000000000
j#0000000A]++]+]++]++]++000000000000000
j#000000000w]++]+]++]+qW#00000000000000
j#00000000000w]++++]*0##000000000000000
j#0000000000000Ag]+]++*0000000000000000
j#00000000000000000we]+]Q00000000000000
j#0000000000000@@+wgdA]+J00000000000000
j#0000000000000k?qwgdC=]4#0000000000000
j#00000000000000w]+]++qw#00000000000000
"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$

Repo :

1. make -f 1-Makefile

Create your first useful Makefile. Requirements:

  • name of the executable: school
  • rules: all
    • The all rule builds your executable
  • variables: CC, SRC
    • CC: the compiler to be used
    • SRC: the .c files
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make -f 1-Makefile
gcc main.c school.c -o school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make -f 1-Makefile
gcc main.c school.c -o school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$

Repo :

2. make -f 2-Makefile

Create your first useful Makefile.

Requirements:

  • name of the executable: school
  • rules: all
    • The all rule builds your executable
  • variables: CC, SRC, OBJ, NAME
    • CC: the compiler to be used
    • SRC: the .c files
    • OBJ: the .o files
    • NAME: the name of the executable
  • The all rule should recompile only the updated source files
  • You are not allowed to have a list of all the .o files*
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make -f 2-Makefile
gcc    -c -o main.o main.c
gcc    -c -o school.o school.c
gcc main.o school.o -o school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make -f 2-Makefile
gcc main.o school.o -o school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ echo "/* School */" >> main.c
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make -f 2-Makefile
gcc    -c -o main.o main.c
gcc main.o school.o -o school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$

Repo :

3. make -f 3-Makefile

Requirements:

  • name of the executable: school
  • rules: all, clean, oclean, fclean, re
    • all: builds your executable
    • clean: deletes all Emacs and Vim temporary files along with the executable
    • oclean: deletes the object files
    • fclean: deletes all Emacs and Vim temporary files, the executable, and the object files
    • re: forces recompilation of all source files
  • variables: CC, SRC, OBJ, NAME, RM
    • CC: the compiler to be used
    • SRC: the .c files
    • OBJ: the .o files
    • NAME: the name of the executable
    • RM: the program to delete files
  • The all rule should recompile only the updated source files
  • The clean, oclean, fclean, re rules should never fail
  • You are not allowed to have a list of all the .o files
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ ls -1
0-Makefile
1-Makefile
2-Makefile
3-Makefile
school.c
main.c
main.c~
m.h
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make -f 3-Makefile
gcc    -c -o main.o main.c
gcc    -c -o school.o school.c
gcc main.o school.o -o school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make all -f 3-Makefile
gcc main.o school.o -o school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ ls -1
0-Makefile
1-Makefile
2-Makefile
3-Makefile
school
school.c
school.o
main.c
main.c~
main.o
m.h
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make clean -f 3-Makefile 
rm -f *~ school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make oclean -f 3-Makefile 
rm -f main.o school.o
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make all -f 3-Makefile
gcc    -c -o main.o main.c
gcc    -c -o school.o school.c
gcc main.o school.o -o school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make fclean -f 3-Makefile 
rm -f *~ school
rm -f main.o school.o
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make all -f 3-Makefile
gcc    -c -o main.o main.c
gcc    -c -o school.o school.c
gcc main.o school.o -o school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make all -f 3-Makefile
gcc main.o school.o -o school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make re -f 3-Makefile
rm -f main.o school.o
gcc    -c -o main.o main.c
gcc    -c -o school.o school.c
gcc main.o school.o -o school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$

Repo :

4. A complete Makefile

Requirements:

  • name of the executable: school

  • rules: all, clean, fclean, oclean, re

    • all: builds your executable
    • clean: deletes all Emacs and Vim temporary files along with the executable
    • oclean: deletes the object files
    • fclean: deletes all Emacs and Vim temporary files, the executable, and the object files
    • re: forces recompilation of all source files

  • variables: CC, SRC, OBJ, NAME, RM, CFLAGS

    • CC: the compiler to be used
    • SRC: the .c files
    • OBJ the .o files
    • NAME: the name of the executable
    • RM: the program to delete files
    • CFLAGS: your favorite compiler flags: -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic

  • The all rule should recompile only the updated source files

  • The clean, oclean, fclean, re rules should never fail

  • You are not allowed to have a list of all the .o files

root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$ make all -f 4-Makefile
gcc -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic   -c -o main.o main.c
gcc -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic   -c -o school.o school.c
gcc main.o school.o -o school
root@ubuntu:~/Makefiles$

Repo :

Tasks #advanced

5. make -f 100-Makefile

Requirements:

  • name of the executable: school
  • rules: all, clean, fclean, oclean, re
    • all: builds your executable
    • clean: deletes all Emacs and Vim temporary files along with the executable
    • oclean: deletes the object files
    • fclean: deletes all Emacs and Vim temporary files, the executable, and the object files
    • re: forces recompilation of all source files
  • variables: CC, SRC, OBJ, NAME, RM, CFLAGS
    • CC: the compiler to be used
    • SRC: the .c files
    • OBJ: the .o files
    • NAME: the name of the executable
    • RM: the program to delete files
    • CFLAGS: your favorite compiler flags: -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic
  • The all rule should recompile only the updated source files
  • The clean, oclean, fclean, re rules should never fail
  • You are not allowed to have a list of all the .o files
  • You have to use $(RM) for the cleaning up rules, but you are not allowed to set the RM variable
  • You are not allowed to use the string $(CC) more than once in your Makefile
  • You are only allowed to use the string $(RM) twice in your Makefile
  • You are not allowed to use the string $(CFLAGS) (but the compiler should still use the flags you set in this variable)
  • You are not allowed to have an $(OBJ) rule
  • You are not allowed to use the %.o: %.c rule
  • Your Makefile should work even if there is a file in the folder that has the same name as one of your rule
  • Your Makefile should not compile if the header file m.h is missing

Repo : :

GitHub repository: holbertonschool-low_level_programming Directory: makefiles File: 100-Makefile