[CLIENT-3106] Refactor aerospike.exception initialization code and check if error indicator is set after calling a C-API method

[juliannguyen4]

Documentation changes:

https://aerospike-python-client--661.org.readthedocs.build/en/661/exception.html#aerospike.exception.QueryAbortedError
https://aerospike-python-client--661.org.readthedocs.build/en/661/exception.html#aerospike.exception.QueryError
https://aerospike-python-client--661.org.readthedocs.build/en/661/exception.html#aerospike.exception.ClusterError
https://aerospike-python-client--661.org.readthedocs.build/en/661/exception.html#aerospike.exception.AdminError

Extra changes:

• Doc: fix base class for QueryAbortError, ClusterError, AdminError, and QueryError
• Add regression tests for Aerospike exception classes
• Renamed test_error_code.py to test_exceptions.py

Notes:
Calling import aerospike or from aerospike import exception multiple times is idempotent. Once a module is loaded, it cannot be loaded again just by calling import on it (verified this through gdb by adding a breakpoint at AerospikeException_New. It is only hit once during the tests)

All artifacts pass testing: https://github.com/aerospike/aerospike-client-python/actions/runs/10776301993

No memory errors: https://github.com/aerospike/aerospike-client-python/actions/runs/10775987465/job/29881798616

Performance regression testing:

Memory

Dev (baseline): https://github.com/aerospike/aerospike-client-python/actions/runs/10708250636/job/29690214082#step:13:20
Feature branch: https://github.com/aerospike/aerospike-client-python/actions/runs/10775988854/job/29881848296#step:13:20

• There's a slight memory increase by 0.5 MB but I don't think it's a big deal
• There's a spike around the middle of the tests most likely caused by the test case I added

Time performance:

# 15.0.1rc5.dev2
(.venv) jnguyen@AerospikesMBP4 aerospike-client-python % python3 -m timeit -n 50000 "from aerospike import exception"
50000 loops, best of 5: 120 nsec per loop
# this branch
(.venv) jnguyen@AerospikesMBP4 aerospike-client-python % python3 -m timeit -n 50000 "from aerospike import exception"
50000 loops, best of 5: 121 nsec per loop

Doesn't seem to be much of a difference

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 67.92453% with 17 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 80.96%. Comparing base (1ffc37d) to head (13227ed).
Report is 6 commits behind head on dev.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/main/exception.c	67.30%	17 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev     #661      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   81.33%   80.96%   -0.38%     
==========================================
  Files         100      100              
  Lines       15346    15130     -216     
==========================================
- Hits        12482    12250     -232     
- Misses       2864     2880      +16     

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[dwelch-spike]

Nice! LGTM