OS X's BSD/unix Commands

Ref.

Command	Definition
pwd	print working directory
cd	moves into the directory
mkdir rmdir	makes/remove a directory
cp	copy
mv	move / rename
rm rm -rf	remove
ls ls -a ls -a	list files in current directory
who whoami	who is logged in
grep grep -i grep -r	search a file with pattern
find	find files using file-name
ssh ssh -l	login to remote host
chmod chmod -R	change the permissions for a file or directory
chown chown -R	change the owner and group of a file
ifconfig	view or configure a network interface
uname -a	displays important information about the system
whereis	find out where a specific Unix command exists
whatis	displays a single line description about a command
locate	search for the location of a specific file(s)
man	display the manual page of a specific command
hostname	prints the system's host name
which <executable>	identify the location of executable
where <executable>	identify the location of executable
while true; do <command>; sleep <interval_in_sec>; done	Repeat a command every x interval of time in terminal

Brew

mainstream package manager for macOS Sudo is dangerous, don't use it for install packages

• Install: /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
• Uninstall: ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)
• Install xCode: xcode-select --install

Homebrew installs packages to their own directory and then symlinks their files into /usr/local/Cellar.

brew install wget

cd /usr/local
find Cellar
 Cellar/wget/1.16.1
 Cellar/wget/1.16.1/bin/wget
 Cellar/wget/1.16.1/share/man/man1/wget.1

ls -l /usr/local/bin
> bin/wget -> ../Cellar/wget/1.16.1/bin/wget

Where does stuff get downloaded? brew --cache => ~/Library/Caches/Homebrew

Command	Definition
brew update	update the local base of available packages and versions
brew outdated	find out what is outdated
brew upgrade	actually installs new version of outdated packages
brew cleanup -n	see what would be cleaned up
brew cleanup	clean up everything
brew cleanup -s	clean up everything but keep only linked versions
brew cask cleanup	cleanup for unfinished download
brew doctor	show you any problem with your brew installation
brew missing	show you any problem with your brew installation
brew list -1	list of all installed packages
brew services list	list of all installed services
brew list -1	xargs brew rm
brew search ...	search for a package
brew tap	list tapped repositories
brew tap <tapname>	add tap
brew untap <tapname>	remove a tap
brew install <packagename>	install a package
brew uninstall <packagename>	uninstall a package
brew rm <packagename>	uninstall a package
brew prune	remove broken symlinks

LAMP stack

Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP/Python/Perl (LAMP on MAC OS)[https://websitebeaver.com/set-up-localhost-on-macos-high-sierra-apache-mysql-and-php-7-with-sslhttps]

Apache

Mac OS default path to apache is /etc/apache2/

Important Files:

• /etc/hosts
• /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
• /etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
• /etc/apache2/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
• /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf

Command	Definition
ifconfig	Network interfaces configurations
sudo lsof -i	List all open network connections on the entire system
sudo apachectl stop	Stop apache server
sudo apachectl start	Start apache server
sudo apachectl restart	Restart apache server
apachectl -V or httpd -V	apache version
apachectl configtest

PHP

Mac OS default path to PHP is /usr/bin/php

Command	Definition
php -i	current PHP info
php --version	current PHP version

Install PHP Through Homebrew

brew tap homebrew/php
brew update
brew install php71 --with-httpd
brew search xdebug
brew install php71-xdebug
brew search mcrypt
brew install php71-mcrypt

Path to PHP config /usr/local/etc/php/7.1/php.ini

MySQL

Remove MySQL Instance

• Back Up all databases (if needed): mysqldump --all-databases > all_databases_export.sql
• Back databases individually (if needed): mysqldump database_name > database_exportname.sql
• Stop the database server sudo launchctl unload -F /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.oracle.oss.mysql.mysqld.plist
• Remove MySQL

sudo rm -rf /usr/local/mysq*
sudo rm  /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.oracle.oss.mysql.mysqld.plist
sudo rm -rf /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM
sudo rm -rf /Library/PreferencePanes/My*

SSL/HTTPS

1. /etc/apache2/httpd.conf

LoadModule socache_shmcb_module libexec/apache2/mod_socache_shmcb.so
LoadModule ssl_module libexec/apache2/mod_ssl.so
Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-ssl.conf

2. /etc/apache2/extra/httpd-ssl.conf

Replace www.example.com:443 with localhost Replace /Library/WebServer/Documents with /Users/<whoami>/Sites Add in under <VirtualHost_default_:443>:

<Directory "/Users/<whoami>/Sites">
  Options All
  MultiviewsMatch Any
  AllowOverride All
  Require all granted
</Directory>

Certificate files will be saved in /private/etc/apache2/

3. /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf

[ req ]
#default_bits			= 2048
#default_md				= sha256
#default_keyfile 		= privkey.pem
distinguished_name		= req_distinguished_name
attributes				= req_attributes
req_extensions 			= v3_req

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName				= Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_min			= 2
countryName_max			= 2
stateOrProvinceName		= State or Province Name (full name)
localityName			= Locality Name (eg, city)
0.organizationName		= Organization Name (eg, company)
organizationalUnitName		= Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
commonName			= Common Name (eg, fully qualified host name)
commonName_max			= 64
emailAddress			= Email Address
emailAddress_max		= 64

[ req_attributes ]
challengePassword		= A challenge password
challengePassword_min	= 4
challengePassword_max	= 20

[ san ]
subjectAltName          = @alt_names

[ v3_req ]
# Extensions to add to a certificate request
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[alt_names]
DNS.1 = localhost
DNS.2 = *.localhost.com

4. Run following commands in order: sudo openssl req -extensions san -config /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout /private/etc/apache2/server.key -out /private/etc/apache2/server.crt -days 365 -subj "/C=US/ST=California/L=San Diego/O=AMIR/CN=localhost" sudo security add-trusted-cert -d -r trustRoot -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain /private/etc/apache2/server.crt sudo apachectl restart

Virtual Host

1. Activate V-Host: /etc/apache2/httpd.conf

Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

2. Define V-Hosts: /etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin [email protected]
    DocumentRoot "/Users/<whoami>/Sites/sandbox"
    ServerName sandbox.localhost.com
    ServerAlias www.sandbox.localhost.com
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName sandbox.localhost.com
    DocumentRoot "/Users/<whoami>/Sites/sandbox"

    SSLEngine on
    SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL
    SSLCertificateFile /private/etc/apache2/server.crt
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /private/etc/apache2/server.key

    <Directory "/Users/<whoami>/Sites/sandbox">
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

3. Map in /etc/hosts file

127.0.0.1   sandbox.localhost.com

Node & NPM

Command	Definition
brew install node	install Node.js and npm
node --version & npm --version	check versions
brew update && brew upgrade node	update node and npm
npm init	create a package.json file
npm install -g <package-name>	install a package globally
npm install -g –save-dev <package-name>	install a package globally, save into package.json as devDependencies
npm list -g	all packages that are installed globally
npm list -g <package-name>	check if a package is installed globally
npm install –save-dev <package-name>	install a package locally
npm update	update packages locally
npm uninstall <package-name>	remove a package
npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org/	set registry path

• "dependencies": These packages are required by your application in production.
• "devDependencies": These packages are only needed for development and testing.

Git & GitHub

Atlassian Site

Command	Definition
``

Useful Software:

• Adobe Photoshop
• Docker & Kitematic
• iTerm & OhMyZsh
• Alfred 3
• Blue Jeans
• Caffeine
• Duet
• FileZilla
• Firefox
• Flux
• Google Chrome
• Google Chrome Canary
• ImageOptim
• IntelliJ IDEA
• Microsoft Office Package
• Postman
• Sequel Pro
• Slack
• Sketch
• Snagit
• Sourcetree
• Spectacle
• Spotify
• Steam
• Sublime Text 3
• Visual Studio Code
• VLC Player
• XCode
• Zeplin