MINOR: [Java] Bump dep.slf4j.version from 2.0.13 to 2.0.16 in /java

Bumps `dep.slf4j.version` from 2.0.13 to 2.0.16.

Updates `org.slf4j:slf4j-api` from 2.0.13 to 2.0.16

Updates `org.slf4j:slf4j-jdk14` from 2.0.13 to 2.0.16

Updates `org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j` from 2.0.13 to 2.0.16

Updates `org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j` from 2.0.13 to 2.0.16

Updates `org.slf4j:log4j-over-slf4j` from 2.0.13 to 2.0.16

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: org.slf4j:slf4j-api
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
- dependency-name: org.slf4j:slf4j-jdk14
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
- dependency-name: org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j
  dependency-type: direct:development
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
- dependency-name: org.slf4j:jcl-over-slf4j
  dependency-type: direct:development
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
- dependency-name: org.slf4j:log4j-over-slf4j
  dependency-type: direct:development
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <[email protected]>

java/pom.xml

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ under the License.
     <target.gen.source.path>${project.build.directory}/generated-sources</target.gen.source.path>
     <dep.junit.platform.version>1.9.0</dep.junit.platform.version>
     <dep.junit.jupiter.version>5.10.3</dep.junit.jupiter.version>
-    <dep.slf4j.version>2.0.13</dep.slf4j.version>
+    <dep.slf4j.version>2.0.16</dep.slf4j.version>
     <dep.guava-bom.version>33.2.1-jre</dep.guava-bom.version>
     <dep.netty-bom.version>4.1.112.Final</dep.netty-bom.version>
     <dep.grpc-bom.version>1.65.0</dep.grpc-bom.version>