[FLINK-38044][runtime-web] update angular to v20

[Laffery]

What is the purpose of the change

Angular framework and NG-ZORRO both have released their stable v19 versions. It is a good time to bump them to the latest.

Brief change log

• update frontend framework angular and ng-zorro-antd to v20
• migrate angular builder to application (which is default since v19)
• remove redundant standalone:true (which is default since v19)
• remove deprecated APIs in ng-zorro-antd v20
• move utility function typeDefinition to public-api

Verifying this change

Please make sure both new and modified tests in this PR follow the conventions for tests defined in our code quality guide.

This change is a trivial rework / code cleanup without any test coverage.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): yes
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): no
• The serializers: no
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): no
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: no
• The S3 file system connector: no

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? no

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 2974795 UNKNOWN
• 14bd730 Azure: FAILURE

Bot commands

The @flinkbot bot supports the following commands:

• @flinkbot run azure re-run the last Azure build

[davidradl]

@Laffery Thanks for this update. I notice the CI is failing with errors that seems related to the change.
Unsupported engine {
09:47:19.352 [INFO] npm warn EBADENGINE package: '@angular-devkit/[email protected]',
09:47:19.352 [INFO] npm warn EBADENGINE required: {
09:47:19.352 [INFO] npm warn EBADENGINE node: '^20.19.0 || ^22.12.0 || >=24.0.0',
09:47:19.352 [INFO] npm warn EBADENGINE npm: '^6.11.0 || ^7.5.6 || >=8.0.0',
09:47:19.352 [INFO] npm warn EBADENGINE yarn: '>= 1.13.0'
09:47:19.352 [INFO] npm warn EBADENGINE },

[Laffery]

@davidradl Oh yes the supported node version of angular v20 had changed to ^20.19.0 || ^22.12.0 || >=24.0.0 and the current version of nodejs is v22.11.0

I just pushed a commit to update the version of nodejs to the latest v22 LTS v22.16.0

[Laffery]

@flinkbot run azure

[Laffery]

hi @davidradl, I had fix the issues mentioned, could you please take a look again on this PR?