feat(logging): Introduce spdlog to thirdparty

[acelyc111]

This is a previous work of #2083.

This patch introduces spdlog as a thirdparty
to prepare the docker image, then the #2083 can use it to run CI.

spdlog is a very fast C++ logging library, you can see the benchmarks:
https://github.com/gabime/spdlog?tab=readme-ov-file#benchmarks. spdlog using
libfmt to format message content, it is fast and compatible with the current
logging practice in Pegasus. It's a good choice to replace the current
simple_logger or screen_logger implementation in Pegasus.