Go Patterns

一堆Go语言惯例和应用模式，翻译自go patterns，翻译目的主要是为了自己学习go语言。

创建模式

模式	描述	状态
抽象工厂Abstract Factory	一个用于创建相关对象族的接口	✘
构建器Builder	利用简单对象构建一个复杂对象	✔
工厂方法Factory Method	将对象创建工作推迟委派给一个指定的函数	✔
对象池Object Pool	实例化并维护一组相同类型的对象实例	✔
单例Singleton	限制只能实例化一个对象	✔

结构模式

模式	描述	状态
Bridge	Decouples an interface from its implementation so that the two can vary independently	✘
Composite	Encapsulates and provides access to a number of different objects	✘
Decorator	Adds behavior to an object, statically or dynamically	✔
Facade	Uses one type as an API to a number of others	✘
Flyweight	Reuses existing instances of objects with similar/identical state to minimize resource usage	✘
Proxy	Provides a surrogate for an object to control it's actions	✘

行为模式

模式	描述	状态
Chain of Responsibility	Avoids coupling a sender to receiver by giving more than object a chance to handle the request	✘
Command	Bundles a command and arguments to call later	✘
Mediator	Connects objects and acts as a proxy	✘
Memento	Generate an opaque token that can be used to go back to a previous state	✘
Observer	Provide a callback for notification of events/changes to data	✔
Registry	Keep track of all subclasses of a given class	✘
State	Encapsulates varying behavior for the same object based on its internal state	✘
Strategy	Enables an algorithm's behavior to be selected at runtime	✔
Template	Defines a skeleton class which defers some methods to subclasses	✘
Visitor	Separates an algorithm from an object on which it operates	✘

同步模式

模式	描述	状态
Condition Variable	Provides a mechanism for threads to temporarily give up access in order to wait for some condition	✘
Lock/Mutex	Enforces mutual exclusion limit on a resource to gain exclusive access	✘
Monitor	Combination of mutex and condition variable patterns	✘
Read-Write Lock	Allows parallel read access, but only exclusive access on write operations to a resource	✘
Semaphore	Allows controlling access to a common resource	✔

并发模式

模式	描述	状态
N-Barrier	Prevents a process from proceeding until all N processes reach to the barrier	✘
Bounded Parallelism	Completes large number of independent tasks with resource limits	✔
Broadcast	Transfers a message to all recipients simultaneously	✘
Coroutines	Subroutines that allow suspending and resuming execution at certain locations	✘
Generators	Yields a sequence of values one at a time	✔
Reactor	Demultiplexes service requests delivered concurrently to a service handler and dispatches them syncronously to the associated request handlers	✘
Parallelism	Completes large number of independent tasks	✔
Producer Consumer	Separates tasks from task executions	✘

消息模式

模式	描述	状态
Fan-In	Funnels tasks to a work sink (e.g. server)	✔
Fan-Out	Distributes tasks among workers (e.g. producer)	✔
Futures & Promises	Acts as a place-holder of a result that is initially unknown for synchronization purposes	✘
Publish/Subscribe	Passes information to a collection of recipients who subscribed to a topic	✔
Push & Pull	Distributes messages to multiple workers, arranged in a pipeline	✘

稳定性模式

模式	描述	状态
Bulkheads	Enforces a principle of failure containment (i.e. prevents cascading failures)	✘
Circuit-Breaker	Stops the flow of the requests when requests are likely to fail	✔
Deadline	Allows clients to stop waiting for a response once the probability of response becomes low (e.g. after waiting 10 seconds for a page refresh)	✘
Fail-Fast	Checks the availability of required resources at the start of a request and fails if the requirements are not satisfied	✘
Handshaking	Asks a component if it can take any more load, if it can't, the request is declined	✘
Steady-State	For every service that accumulates a resource, some other service must recycle that resource	✘

探测模式

模式	描述	状态
Timing Functions	Wraps a function and logs the execution	✔

惯例

模式	描述	状态
Functional Options	Allows creating clean APIs with sane defaults and idiomatic overrides	✔

反模式

模式	描述	状态
Cascading Failures	A failure in a system of interconnected parts in which the failure of a part causes a domino effect	✘