[refurb] Implement int-on-sliced-str (FURB166) (#10650)

## Summary
implement int_on_sliced_str (FURB166) lint
- #1348
- [original
lint](https://github.com/dosisod/refurb/blob/master/refurb/checks/builtin/use_int_base_zero.py)

## Test Plan
cargo test

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/refurb/FURB166.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Errors
+
+_ = int("0b1010"[2:], 2)
+_ = int("0o777"[2:], 8)
+_ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], 16)
+
+b = "0b11"
+_ = int(b[2:], 2)
+
+_ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], base=16)
+
+_ = int(b"0xFFFF"[2:], 16)
+
+
+def get_str():
+    return "0xFFF"
+
+
+_ = int(get_str()[2:], 16)
+
+# OK
+
+_ = int("0b1100", 0)
+_ = int("123", 3)
+_ = int("123", 10)
+_ = int("0b1010"[3:], 2)
+_ = int("0b1010"[:2], 2)
+_ = int("12345"[2:])
+_ = int("12345"[2:], xyz=1)  # type: ignore

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/expression.rs

@@ -973,6 +973,9 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::UnnecessaryIterableAllocationForFirstElement) {
                 ruff::rules::unnecessary_iterable_allocation_for_first_element(checker, expr);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::IntOnSlicedStr) {
+                refurb::rules::int_on_sliced_str(checker, call);
+            }
         }
         Expr::Dict(dict) => {
             if checker.any_enabled(&[

crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs

@@ -1053,6 +1053,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         (Refurb, "161") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::BitCount),
         (Refurb, "163") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::RedundantLogBase),
         (Refurb, "164") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::UnnecessaryFromFloat),
+        (Refurb, "166") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::IntOnSlicedStr),
         (Refurb, "167") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::RegexFlagAlias),
         (Refurb, "168") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::IsinstanceTypeNone),
         (Refurb, "169") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::refurb::rules::TypeNoneComparison),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/mod.rs

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test_case(Rule::ImplicitCwd, Path::new("FURB177.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::SingleItemMembershipTest, Path::new("FURB171.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::BitCount, Path::new("FURB161.py"))]
+    #[test_case(Rule::IntOnSlicedStr, Path::new("FURB166.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::RegexFlagAlias, Path::new("FURB167.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::IsinstanceTypeNone, Path::new("FURB168.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::TypeNoneComparison, Path::new("FURB169.py"))]

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/rules/int_on_sliced_str.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+use ruff_diagnostics::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Diagnostic, Edit, Fix};
+use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
+use ruff_python_ast::{Expr, ExprCall, Identifier};
+use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
+
+use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
+
+/// ## What it does
+/// Checks for uses of `int` with an explicit base in which a string expression
+/// is stripped of its leading prefix (i.e., `0b`, `0o`, or `0x`).
+///
+/// ## Why is this bad?
+/// Given an integer string with a prefix (e.g., `0xABC`), Python can automatically
+/// determine the base of the integer by the prefix without needing to specify
+/// it explicitly.
+///
+/// Instead of `int(num[2:], 16)`, use `int(num, 0)`, which will automatically
+/// deduce the base based on the prefix.
+///
+/// ## Example
+/// ```python
+/// num = "0xABC"
+///
+/// if num.startswith("0b"):
+///     i = int(num[2:], 2)
+/// elif num.startswith("0o"):
+///     i = int(num[2:], 8)
+/// elif num.startswith("0x"):
+///     i = int(num[2:], 16)
+///
+/// print(i)
+/// ```
+///
+/// Use instead:
+/// ```python
+/// num = "0xABC"
+///
+/// i = int(num, 0)
+///
+/// print(i)
+/// ```
+///
+/// ## Fix safety
+/// The rule's fix is marked as unsafe, as Ruff cannot guarantee that the
+/// argument to `int` will remain valid when its base is included in the
+/// function call.
+///
+/// ## References
+/// - [Python documentation: `int`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#int)
+#[violation]
+pub struct IntOnSlicedStr {
+    base: u8,
+}
+
+impl AlwaysFixableViolation for IntOnSlicedStr {
+    #[derive_message_formats]
+    fn message(&self) -> String {
+        let IntOnSlicedStr { base } = self;
+        format!("Use of `int` with explicit `base={base}` after removing prefix")
+    }
+
+    fn fix_title(&self) -> String {
+        format!("Replace with `base=0`")
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn int_on_sliced_str(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ExprCall) {
+    // Verify that the function is `int`.
+    let Expr::Name(name) = call.func.as_ref() else {
+        return;
+    };
+    if name.id.as_str() != "int" {
+        return;
+    }
+    if !checker.semantic().is_builtin("int") {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // There must be exactly two arguments (e.g., `int(num[2:], 16)`).
+    let (expression, base) = match (
+        call.arguments.args.as_ref(),
+        call.arguments.keywords.as_ref(),
+    ) {
+        ([expression], [base]) if base.arg.as_ref().map(Identifier::as_str) == Some("base") => {
+            (expression, &base.value)
+        }
+        ([expression, base], []) => (expression, base),
+        _ => {
+            return;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // The base must be a number literal with a value of 2, 8, or 16.
+    let Some(base_u8) = base
+        .as_number_literal_expr()
+        .and_then(|base| base.value.as_int())
+        .and_then(ruff_python_ast::Int::as_u8)
+    else {
+        return;
+    };
+    if !matches!(base_u8, 2 | 8 | 16) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Determine whether the expression is a slice of a string (e.g., `num[2:]`).
+    let Expr::Subscript(expr_subscript) = expression else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let Expr::Slice(expr_slice) = expr_subscript.slice.as_ref() else {
+        return;
+    };
+    if expr_slice.upper.is_some() || expr_slice.step.is_some() {
+        return;
+    }
+    if !expr_slice
+        .lower
+        .as_ref()
+        .and_then(|expr| expr.as_number_literal_expr())
+        .and_then(|expr| expr.value.as_int())
+        .is_some_and(|expr| expr.as_u8() == Some(2))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let mut diagnostic = Diagnostic::new(IntOnSlicedStr { base: base_u8 }, call.range());
+    diagnostic.set_fix(Fix::unsafe_edits(
+        Edit::range_replacement(
+            checker.locator().slice(&*expr_subscript.value).to_string(),
+            expression.range(),
+        ),
+        [Edit::range_replacement("0".to_string(), base.range())],
+    ));
+    checker.diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
+}

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/rules/mod.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ pub(crate) use for_loop_set_mutations::*;
 pub(crate) use hashlib_digest_hex::*;
 pub(crate) use if_expr_min_max::*;
 pub(crate) use implicit_cwd::*;
+pub(crate) use int_on_sliced_str::*;
 pub(crate) use isinstance_type_none::*;
 pub(crate) use list_reverse_copy::*;
 pub(crate) use math_constant::*;
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ mod for_loop_set_mutations;
 mod hashlib_digest_hex;
 mod if_expr_min_max;
 mod implicit_cwd;
+mod int_on_sliced_str;
 mod isinstance_type_none;
 mod list_reverse_copy;
 mod math_constant;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__refurb__tests__FURB166_FURB166.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/refurb/mod.rs
+---
+FURB166.py:3:5: FURB166 [*] Use of `int` with explicit `base=2` after removing prefix
+  |
+1 | # Errors
+2 | 
+3 | _ = int("0b1010"[2:], 2)
+  |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB166
+4 | _ = int("0o777"[2:], 8)
+5 | _ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], 16)
+  |
+  = help: Replace with `base=0`
+
+ℹ Unsafe fix
+1 1 | # Errors
+2 2 | 
+3   |-_ = int("0b1010"[2:], 2)
+  3 |+_ = int("0b1010", 0)
+4 4 | _ = int("0o777"[2:], 8)
+5 5 | _ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], 16)
+6 6 | 
+
+FURB166.py:4:5: FURB166 [*] Use of `int` with explicit `base=8` after removing prefix
+  |
+3 | _ = int("0b1010"[2:], 2)
+4 | _ = int("0o777"[2:], 8)
+  |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB166
+5 | _ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], 16)
+  |
+  = help: Replace with `base=0`
+
+ℹ Unsafe fix
+1 1 | # Errors
+2 2 | 
+3 3 | _ = int("0b1010"[2:], 2)
+4   |-_ = int("0o777"[2:], 8)
+  4 |+_ = int("0o777", 0)
+5 5 | _ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], 16)
+6 6 | 
+7 7 | b = "0b11"
+
+FURB166.py:5:5: FURB166 [*] Use of `int` with explicit `base=16` after removing prefix
+  |
+3 | _ = int("0b1010"[2:], 2)
+4 | _ = int("0o777"[2:], 8)
+5 | _ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], 16)
+  |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB166
+6 | 
+7 | b = "0b11"
+  |
+  = help: Replace with `base=0`
+
+ℹ Unsafe fix
+2 2 | 
+3 3 | _ = int("0b1010"[2:], 2)
+4 4 | _ = int("0o777"[2:], 8)
+5   |-_ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], 16)
+  5 |+_ = int("0xFFFF", 0)
+6 6 | 
+7 7 | b = "0b11"
+8 8 | _ = int(b[2:], 2)
+
+FURB166.py:8:5: FURB166 [*] Use of `int` with explicit `base=2` after removing prefix
+   |
+ 7 | b = "0b11"
+ 8 | _ = int(b[2:], 2)
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB166
+ 9 | 
+10 | _ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], base=16)
+   |
+   = help: Replace with `base=0`
+
+ℹ Unsafe fix
+5 5 | _ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], 16)
+6 6 | 
+7 7 | b = "0b11"
+8   |-_ = int(b[2:], 2)
+  8 |+_ = int(b, 0)
+9 9 | 
+10 10 | _ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], base=16)
+11 11 | 
+
+FURB166.py:10:5: FURB166 [*] Use of `int` with explicit `base=16` after removing prefix
+   |
+ 8 | _ = int(b[2:], 2)
+ 9 | 
+10 | _ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], base=16)
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB166
+11 | 
+12 | _ = int(b"0xFFFF"[2:], 16)
+   |
+   = help: Replace with `base=0`
+
+ℹ Unsafe fix
+7  7  | b = "0b11"
+8  8  | _ = int(b[2:], 2)
+9  9  | 
+10    |-_ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], base=16)
+   10 |+_ = int("0xFFFF", base=0)
+11 11 | 
+12 12 | _ = int(b"0xFFFF"[2:], 16)
+13 13 | 
+
+FURB166.py:12:5: FURB166 [*] Use of `int` with explicit `base=16` after removing prefix
+   |
+10 | _ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], base=16)
+11 | 
+12 | _ = int(b"0xFFFF"[2:], 16)
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB166
+   |
+   = help: Replace with `base=0`
+
+ℹ Unsafe fix
+9  9  | 
+10 10 | _ = int("0xFFFF"[2:], base=16)
+11 11 | 
+12    |-_ = int(b"0xFFFF"[2:], 16)
+   12 |+_ = int(b"0xFFFF", 0)
+13 13 | 
+14 14 | 
+15 15 | def get_str():
+
+FURB166.py:19:5: FURB166 [*] Use of `int` with explicit `base=16` after removing prefix
+   |
+19 | _ = int(get_str()[2:], 16)
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FURB166
+20 | 
+21 | # OK
+   |
+   = help: Replace with `base=0`
+
+ℹ Unsafe fix
+16 16 |     return "0xFFF"
+17 17 | 
+18 18 | 
+19    |-_ = int(get_str()[2:], 16)
+   19 |+_ = int(get_str(), 0)
+20 20 | 
+21 21 | # OK
+22 22 |