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63 changes: 63 additions & 0 deletions content/hardware/requirements.en.md
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## Installation

Welcome to the technical section dedicated to Calaos home automation. Here, DIY installers will find everything they need to know to complete a Calaos installation. This section includes an overview diagram of all the components in a Calaos home automation system, along with a list of the most important elements.

Through various links, you'll have access to each product's specifications, wiring explanations, and every programming step. Make sure to carefully read each point to not miss any installation steps.

Good luck!

## Foundation

![schema](/en/hardware/images/schema.png?width=40pc)

### Prerequisites

For a home automation installation in a new house or as part of significant renovations, we strongly recommend starting with a Wago PLC-based Calaos approach for its durability and cost-effectiveness. Here are some key tips to get started on the right foot:

- **Specific Wiring Topology**: The wiring architecture for Calaos with a Wago PLC is different from traditional electrical installations. It's essential to plan for a suitable topology that will facilitate the integration of home automation and make it more efficient.

- **Material Compatibility**: Not all electrical components are suitable for use with Calaos. Choosing compatible materials is crucial to ensure your home automation system works correctly.

While Calaos is compatible with popular technologies like Zigbee, opting for dedicated wiring and equipment from the start is the best approach for a reliable and long-lasting installation. This method minimizes the risk of malfunctions and ensures the longevity of your home automation system.

Opting for Calaos from the outset of your home design or at the beginning of a major renovation will allow you to benefit from a stable, durable, and cost-effective system in the long term.

#### Control Circuit Wiring

The control circuit is separate and comes directly from the communication panel or a junction box. The wiring is then done by branching loop (four or five switches in a row, depending on the type of cable) with a four-pair telephone type cable (section 0.6 mm²) or more.

{{% notice info %}}
All controls are simple push buttons
{{% /notice %}}

For example, here is a wiring diagram for push buttons. A 4-pair cable can wire up to 7 push buttons since one wire is needed for the +24v common. However, it's sometimes better to reserve some wires for adding switches later.

![schema](/en/hardware/images/bp.png?width=20pc)

#### Power Circuit Wiring

The power circuit comes directly from the distribution panel or a junction box. Each circuit is separated to be controlled individually. The cable used should be of traditional section (3×1.5mm² for lights and 4×1.5mm² for roller shutters).

{{% notice info %}}
For compatibility with the Calaos system, all roller shutters must be wired and controlled at 230v with simple up/down actions.
{{% /notice %}}

For example, here is a wiring diagram for lights.

![schema](/en/hardware/images/lum.jpg?width=20pc)

And another example with a wiring diagram for shutters.

![schema](/en/hardware/images/vol.jpg?width=20pc)

### Electrical Panel

When setting up a home automation system with Calaos, especially using Wago PLCs and relays, it's important to consider the necessary space for the installation. Due to their size and functionality, these components can take up significant space in your electrical panel.

We recommend planning for a sufficiently large distribution panel to accommodate both the traditional electrical part of your home and the additional components related to home automation. The quality and dimensions of the electrical panel are crucial for an organized and secure installation.

It's advisable to choose an electrical panel that offers ample space for the entire system, considering not only the current dimensions of your installation but also the possibility of future expansions. Ensure that the chosen panel can accommodate the Wago PLCs and relays while leaving enough room for easy maintenance and the addition of new components if necessary.

Here's an example of a panel, with the traditional breaker part on the left and the low-voltage part with relays, the PLC, and even the network on the right:

![schema](/en/hardware/images/tableau.jpg?width=60pc)
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Pour une installation domotique dans une maison neuve ou dans le cadre de rénovations importantes, nous recommandons fortement l'approche Calaos avec une base d'automate Wago pour sa durabilité et son efficacité économique. Voici quelques conseils clés pour démarrer sur de bonnes bases :

- Topologie de câblage spécifique : L'architecture de câblage pour Calaos avec un automate Wago diffère des installations électriques classiques. Il est essentiel de prévoir une topologie adaptée qui facilitera l'intégration de la domotique et la rendra plus efficace.
- **Topologie de câblage spécifique** : L'architecture de câblage pour Calaos avec un automate Wago diffère des installations électriques classiques. Il est essentiel de prévoir une topologie adaptée qui facilitera l'intégration de la domotique et la rendra plus efficace.

- Compatibilité des matériaux : Tous les composants électriques ne se valent pas pour une utilisation avec Calaos. Il est crucial de sélectionner des matériaux compatibles pour garantir le bon fonctionnement de votre système domotique.
- **Compatibilité des matériaux** : Tous les composants électriques ne se valent pas pour une utilisation avec Calaos. Il est crucial de sélectionner des matériaux compatibles pour garantir le bon fonctionnement de votre système domotique.

Bien que Calaos soit compatible avec des technologies populaires comme Zigbee, pour une installation pérenne et fiable, privilégier un câblage et des équipements dédiés dès le départ est la meilleure approche. Cette méthode minimise les risques de dysfonctionnement et assure une meilleure longévité de votre système domotique.

Adopter Calaos dès la conception de votre maison ou au début d'une grande rénovation vous permettra de bénéficier d'un système stable, durable et économiquement avantageux sur le long terme.

#### Câblage du circuit de commande

Le circuit de commande est séparé et provient directement du tableau de communication ou d'une boîte de dérivation. Le câblage est alors effectué par bouclage arborescent (quatre ou cinq interrupteurs à la suite selon le type de câble) avec du câble de type téléphone quatre paires (section 0,6 mm²) ou plus.
Le circuit de commande est séparé et provient directement du tableau de communication ou d'une boîte de dérivation. Le câblage est alors effectué par bouclage arborescent (quatre ou cinq interrupteurs à la suite selon le type de câble) avec du câble de type téléphone quatre paires (section 0,6 mm²) ou plus.

{{% notice info %}}
Toutes les commandes sont des boutons poussoirs simples
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summary = 'Wago PLC of the type 750-841, 750-880, ...'
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## Wago PLC

![module](/en/hardware/wago/images/20080819-IMG_9203.jpg?width=40pc&classes=shadow)

The Wago PLC forms the foundation of a Calaos installation. Equipped with industrial components to ensure quality and durability, this PLC is responsible for controlling all the electrical elements in the house, as well as acquiring the state of switches, temperature probes, sensors, and much more. It thus plays a crucial role in bridging the computer world of the central unit and the electrical world.

### Safety

The PLC also incorporates a backup program in case the main computer system fails. In the event of a communication breakdown with Calaos, it switches to autonomous mode. This ensures increased system reliability, allowing users to interact with their home as with a traditional electrical installation, thereby mitigating concerns related to computer failures.

### Range of PLCs

The advantage of the Wago PLC lies in its modularity. It is therefore scalable and adaptable to all types of installations. For example, it is always possible to add a module later to control an additional room. The main module incorporates the system's intelligence and a network communication port to interact with the computer system and receive commands from the Calaos server. Depending on the version, this module may also include an additional Ethernet port for the KNX or DMX protocol. The PLC allows connecting to its internal bus analog and digital input/output terminals, as well as terminals specific to other communication buses (DALI, KNX, etc.).

We mainly use these PLC heads:

- The 750-841 head (Replaced by 750-881, 750-880, 750-891, 750-893)
- The 750-849 head for installations requiring KNX compatibility. (Replaced by 750-889)

For more information on a Calaos installation compatible with KNX, you can visit this page: [KNX Installation]({{%relref "hardware/wago/knx" %}})

## Electrical Safety

From a safety standpoint, the Wago PLC complies with the IP20 protection standard by incorporating galvanic isolation between the internal electronics and the field. This protection against short circuits is ensured by optocouplers, among other components.

## Modules and Extensions

To collect information from switches, we use digital input terminals. These terminals operate with low currents of 24V DC and function on the principle of [on/off](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bang%E2%80%93bang_control). The output modules, on the other hand, allow controlling elements such as lighting or motorized blinds.

Here is a list of different modules and extensions that can be added to a Wago PLC.

### Switches, binary sensors

- [4,8,16 channel 24V input module]({{%relref "hardware/wago/input" %}})

### Lighting points, blinds, shutters, on/off outputs

- [4,8,16 channel 24V output module]({{%relref "hardware/wago/output" %}})

### Light dimming

- [DALI interface module]({{%relref "hardware/wago/dali" %}})
- [DMX module]({{%relref "hardware/wago/dmx" %}})

### Heating, various, ...

- [PT100/PT1000 temperature probe input module]({{%relref "hardware/wago/pt1000" %}})
- [Analog input/output module]({{%relref "hardware/wago/analog" %}})

### Bus extender

- [Extending a Wago bus]({{%relref "hardware/wago/750-627" %}})
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## Programming Calaos on Wago PLCs

To operate a Wago PLC with Calaos, it must first be loaded with the Calaos program. There are two ways to program a PLC with Calaos:

- using Calaos Installer
- using Codesys

## IP Address

In any case, it's necessary to configure the PLC's IP address beforehand. It's advisable to refer to Wago's documentation for setting up a static IP address. By default, a PLC is set to DHCP. To switch to a static IP address, the Wago Ethernet Settings software should be used. This software also allows for searching the PLC on the network.

For PLCs equipped with DIP Switches on the front for IP setting, follow these steps:

- Set the PLC's selector to the middle position.
- Choose the IP address via the selectors. The address will be in the form of 192.168.1.XXX.
- Set the PLC's selector to the upper position.

To verify if the PLC is correctly configured on the network, simply access the PLC's web page via http://192.168.1.XXX. The web page should open.

## Calaos-Wago Program

First, download the Calaos code from [Github](https://github.com/calaos/calaos_wago/archive/master.zip). The archive contains all the code for all supported PLCs and the used libraries. Just extract the zip somewhere.

### Versions of calaos_wago

|Version|Notes|
|-|-|
|1.7 - 2.2| Old version, do not use|
|2.3| Stable version. Only works if no DALI Master 750-647 terminal is present|
|3.0| Stable version for use only with a DALI Master 750-647 terminal|

## Programming with Calaos Installer

The simplest solution is to use Calaos Installer. Just open the **Flash PLC with custom firmware** tool in the Wago menu. Then enter the IP of the PLC you wish to install. Calaos Installer will then ask you to select 2 files (use CTRL+select), a `.PRG` file and a `.CHK` file. Make sure to choose the correct version corresponding to your PLC and the desired version.

![img](/en/hardware/wago/images/wago_flash.png?width=20pc&classes=shadow)

{{% notice note %}}
Programming the PLC can take several minutes, be patient even if you don't see any progress.
{{% /notice %}}

## Programming with Codesys

Codesys is the PLC development tool. This tutorial uses version 2.3.9.xx. It's recommended to use the full version of Codesys, as the demo version does not allow the code to remain in the PLC after a restart.

{{% notice note %}}
It's advised to use Codesys in English, as the French version has some translations that are hard to understand. To change the language, go to Project Menu, Options, Working Environment, and choose English.
{{% /notice %}}

### Opening the project in Codesys

Start by running Codesys and then open the project corresponding to your PLC (e.g., wago_881.pro for a 750-881). Choose the latest version that can be found in the folder. E.g., Wago_3.0 for version 3.0 of the program.

Once the project is open, there should be no errors. An information message might pop up indicating that libraries have been modified, just validate it.

![img](/en/hardware/wago/images/codesys01.jpg?width=20pc&classes=shadow)

### Compiling the Project

To recompile the project, go to the **Project** menu then **Rebuild All**.

![img](/en/hardware/wago/images/codesys02.jpg?width=20pc&classes=shadow)

If everything goes well, the console at the bottom should show **0 Errors**.

![img](/en/hardware/wago/images/codesys03.jpg?width=20pc&classes=shadow)

### Selecting the PLC's IP

Next, go to **Online**, **Communication parameters**.

![img](/en/hardware/wago/images/codesys04.jpg?width=20pc&classes=shadow)

The following window will open:

![img](/en/hardware/wago/images/codesys05.jpg?width=20pc&classes=shadow)

Change the IP address in this window by double-clicking on it, then click OK.

### Loading

To load the PLC, go to **Online**, **Login**. The project will be compiled automatically if necessary, and the connection with the PLC will be established. If the connection works, Codesys will ask if you want to load the new program. Of course, respond **Yes**.

Loading can take some time (several minutes). Once finished, Codesys will switch to debuggermode, but the program is not executed. You can see whether the program is running at the bottom right.

![img](/en/hardware/wago/images/codesys07.jpg?width=20pc&classes=shadow)

Before executing the program, it must be written to non-volatile memory. Otherwise, everything will disappear after the next PLC reboot. To do this, once in **Online** mode, go to the **Online** menu, **Create boot project**.

![img](/en/hardware/wago/images/codesys08.jpg?width=20pc&classes=shadow)

This process will take some time, let Codesys complete its task.

## Calaos Installer

For Calaos Installer to work with the PLC, the PLC's LED must be steady orange. Do not connect to the PLC with Calaos Installer at the same time as `calaos_server`. It's essential to disconnect `calaos_server` from the network in this case.

In Calaos Installer:

- Go to the PLC menu → **Connect**, and enter the PLC's IP.
- Once connected, the bottom right of the window should display `connected (2.2)` with the PLC's version.
- If it's ok, the degraded mode configuration can be sent with PLC Menu → **Program the PLC**.
- The rules will work immediately without needing to restart the PLC.

For switch detection:

- You need to be connected to the PLC in Calaos Installer!
- If detection doesn't work, check that the LED on the input terminal lights up.
- If it still doesn't work, it might be a problem with Windows firewalls not letting UDP frames through correctly... Try disabling the firewall.
- If it still doesn't work, it's not a big deal; rules can still be created by specifying the input number to use for the switch. Count the input number directly on the terminal.
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