(feat) Finalize Semantic Analyisis & Add Type Annotations

[AlSchlo]

main change

Finalizes semantic analysis by checking for field number mismatches in Patterns and Constructors.
Displays an error message during the from_ast phase, as follows:

extra changes

• I added all type annotations I could during the from_ast phase, to simplify type inference.
• Added the none type, which inherits from Option.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 91.81637% with 41 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 79.3%. Comparing base (84d2f48) to head (f6c0220).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/error.rs	43.7%	27 Missing ⚠️
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/from_ast/expr.rs	97.8%	5 Missing ⚠️
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/types.rs	95.0%	5 Missing ⚠️
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/from_ast/pattern.rs	96.6%	4 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/from_ast/converter.rs	98.4% <100.0%> (ø)
optd-dsl/src/cli/main.rs	0.0% <ø> (ø)
optd-dsl/src/compile.rs	0.0% <ø> (ø)
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/from_ast/pattern.rs	94.0% <96.6%> (+1.5%)	⬆️
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/from_ast/expr.rs	94.5% <97.8%> (+0.3%)	⬆️
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/types.rs	97.9% <95.0%> (-0.7%)	⬇️
optd-dsl/src/analyzer/error.rs	29.6% <43.7%> (+3.3%)	⬆️

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes

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