| Company examples |
Facebook / Salesforce / Oracle / Twilio |
Liferay / Red Hat / Elastic / GitLab |
| Business models |
Many, often advertising, SaaS, cloud, etc. |
Many, often cloud serivces, value-added IP, insurance |
| Capitalism |
Shareholder-Oriented, Value-Capture Focused |
Stakeholder-Oriented, Value-Creation Focused |
| Category |
"SaaS" / "Cloud" |
COSS |
| Distribution |
Costly, Permissioned |
Free, Permissionless |
| Funding/Capitalization |
Largely Capital Intensive |
Highly Capital Efficient |
| GTM/Sales |
Top-Down-First (mostly), Community Exploitative |
Bottoms-Up-First, Community Nurturing |
| Hiring |
Geo-Concentrated / Office-First |
Geo-Distributed / Remote-First |
| Innovation Strategy |
Ivory Tower |
Often Disaggregated |
| Primary Output |
Distribution (1-to-N) |
Technology (0-to-1) |
| Software Licensing |
Fully Closed Core and Partially Open-Source Crust |
Open Source Core, Proprietary (not necesarrily Closed-Source) Crust |
| Patents |
Usually covered by a patent portfolio |
Rarely covered by a patent portfolio |
| Market dynamics |
Macro, Vulnerable, Push |
Micro, Secular, Pull |
| Marketing |
User = Lead, Funnel Modeling |
User != Lead, Ecosystem Modeling |
| Innovation |
Zero Sum, Trends towards homogeneity |
Positive Sum, Trends towards heterogeneity |
| Product development |
Single Roadmaps |
Dual/Multi Roadmaps |
| R&D |
Always Centralized |
Often decentralized at least in part |
| Tech/Company Relationship |
Core software/tech tightly coupled to company |
Core software/tech loosely (if at all) coupled to company |