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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion 2021-07-02-LuoguMonthlyCompetition202105Summary/index.html
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion 2021-07-07-HowToUseLuoguCard/index.html
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion 2021-07-09-Grade7Term2FinalExamSummary/index.html
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion 2021-07-22-LuoguMonthlyCompetition202107Summary/index.html
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36 changes: 33 additions & 3 deletions 2023-09-22-CyrxNote-Math-001/index.html
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Expand Up @@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ <h1 class="description center-align post-title">cyrxdzj的文化课学习笔记

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<i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw"></i>文章字数:&nbsp;&nbsp;
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Expand Down Expand Up @@ -506,6 +506,34 @@ <h3 id="3、结合-1-和-2-的知识解题"><a href="#3、结合-1-和-2-的知
<p>$\ge6\times2\sqrt{\frac{x+2}{y+2}\times\frac{y+2}{x+2}}+8$……启用基本不等式</p>
<p>$=20$……计算得出结果</p>
<p>搞定。</p>
<p>这类基本不等式,分以下步骤解决:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>条件归一。也就是把 $\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2}=\frac{1}{6}$ 化成 $6(\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2})=1$。</p>
</li>
<li><p>配凑。将 $x+y$ 化成 $(x+2)+(y+2)-4$。需要注意,以上两个步骤<strong>有可能需要互换顺序</strong>,具体情况见下方。</p>
</li>
<li><p>两式相乘。也就是得到 $(x+2)+(y+2)-4=[(x+2)+(y+2)]\times6(\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2})-4$。</p>
</li>
<li><p>强行计算。</p>
</li>
<li><p>启用基本不等式。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>有的时候,条件式和原式的样式可能恰好反过来。来看看进阶版本:</p>
<p>当 $x&gt;-3,y&gt;2,4x+y+4=6$ 时,求 $\frac{1}{x+3}+\frac{1}{4y-8}$ 的最小值。</p>
<p>这道题细节很多,需要细心计算。</p>
<p>可以发现,$4x+y+4=6$ 作为条件式,需要条件归一;作为整式(未知数不出现在分母上。相对地,$\frac{1}{x+3}+\frac{1}{4y-8}$ 是分式),又需要配凑。<strong>先配凑,再条件归一。</strong></p>
<p>因此,可以配凑得出 $4x+12+y-2=6+12-6=12$。条件归一得出 $\frac{1}{12}[4(x+3)+\frac{1}{4}\times(4y-8)]=1$。</p>
<p>接下来,设 $a=x+3&gt;0,b=4y-8&gt;0$。在遇到这种式子时,设 $a$ 和 $b$ 可以防止式子过长。这样,我们就要求 $\frac1a+\frac1b$ 的最小值。</p>
<p>回到上面的式子,我们可以发现:</p>
<p> $\frac1a+\frac1b\\=\frac{1}{12}\begin{bmatrix}4a+\frac{1}{4}b\end{bmatrix}(\frac1a+\frac1b)\\=\frac{1}{12}(4+\frac14+\frac{\frac14b}{a}+\frac{4a}{b})\\\ge\frac{1}{12}(\frac{17}{4}+2\sqrt{\frac{\frac14b}{a}\times\frac{4a}{b}})\\=\frac{1}{12}(\frac{17}{4}+2)=\frac{25}{48}$</p>
<p>当且仅当 $\frac{\frac14b}{a}=\frac{4a}{b}$ 时,等号成立。</p>
<p>接下来验算一下。</p>
<p>$\because\frac{\frac14b}{a}=\frac{4a}{b}\\\therefore\frac{1}{4}b^2=4a^2\\b=4a\\4(x+3)=4y-8\\x+3=y-2\\x-y=-5$</p>
<p>又因为 $4x+y+4=6$,解得 $x=-\frac35,y=\frac{22}{5}$。</p>
<p>验算如图。</p>
<p><img src="../post_image/CyrxNote-Math-001/CyrxNote-Math-001-01.PNG" alt=""></p>
<p>这道题,出题人在做的时候,都差点做错。</p>
<h3 id="4、使系数相等"><a href="#4、使系数相等" class="headerlink" title="4、使系数相等"></a>4、使系数相等</h3><p>再看看:当 $a&gt;0,b&gt;0,2a+3b=12$ 时,求 $\frac{1}{ab}$ 的最小值。</p>
<p>显然,当 $ab$ 最大的时候,就是 $\frac{1}{ab}$ 最小的时候。</p>
<p>但是,条件是 $2a+3b=12$,这意味着 $a+b$ 是会变的,不能直接使用基本不等式。</p>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -553,9 +581,11 @@ <h3 id="9、超级无敌分数嵌套"><a href="#9、超级无敌分数嵌套" cl
<p>然后,$x^2+3x+3=(x+1)(x+1)+(x+1)+1$,因此 $\frac{x+1}{x^2+3x+3}=\frac{x+1}{ ( x+1 ) ( x+1 ) + ( x+1 )+1}=\frac{1}{x+1+1+\frac{1}{x+1}}$。可以发现,当 $x+1+1+\frac{1}{x+1}$ 最小时,$\frac{1}{x+1+1+\frac{1}{x+1}}$ 最大。</p>
<p>我们可以很容易地求出 $x+1+1+\frac{1}{x+1}$ 最小为 $3$,所以 $\frac{1}{x+1+1+\frac{1}{x+1}}$ 最大为 $\frac{1}{3}$,进而求出原式最小值为 $\frac{1}{2+\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{3}{7}$。</p>
<p>对于这种问题,我们可以不断地尝试将分子化为 $1$,然后,当 $a&gt;0,b&gt;0$ 时,$a$ 不变的情况下,$b$ 越大时 $\frac{a}{b}$ 越小。根据这个原理,可以反复求最大/最小值,最终解出题目。</p>
<h3 id="10、使分子和分母变得可以互相约分"><a href="#10、使分子和分母变得可以互相约分" class="headerlink" title="10、使分子和分母变得可以互相约分"></a>10、使分子和分母变得可以互相约分</h3><p>已知 $x+y=1,y&gt;0,x&gt;0$,求 $\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{x}{y+1}$ 的最小值。</p>
<h3 id="10、将条件代入某个整数中,使分子和分母变得可以互相约分"><a href="#10、将条件代入某个整数中,使分子和分母变得可以互相约分" class="headerlink" title="10、将条件代入某个整数中,使分子和分母变得可以互相约分"></a>10、将条件代入某个整数中,使分子和分母变得可以互相约分</h3><p>已知 $x+y=1,y&gt;0,x&gt;0$,求 $\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{x}{y+1}$ 的最小值。</p>
<p>可以发现,此时无法直接使用基本不等式,因为 $1$ 和 $y+1$ 不能互相约分掉。</p>
<p>考虑 $x+y=1$ 这个条件,可以发现 $x+y+1=2$,那么原式就等于 $\frac{\frac{1}{2}(x+y+1)}{2x}+\frac{x}{y+1}=\frac{x+y+1}{4x}+\frac{x}{y+1}=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{y+1}{4x}+\frac{x}{y+1}\ge\frac{1}{4}+2\sqrt{\frac{y+1}{4x}\times\frac{x}{y+1}}=\frac{5}{4}$,当且仅当 $\frac{y+1}{4x}=\frac{x}{y+1}$ 时(即 $x=\frac{2}{3},y=\frac{1}{3}$ 时),可以取等号。</p>
<p>已知 $a&gt;0,b&gt;0,a+b=2$,求 $\frac{b}{a}+\frac{4}{b}$ 的最小值。</p>
<p>可以发现,$4=2a+2b$,所以 $\frac{b}{a}+\frac{4}{b}=\frac{b}{a}+\frac{2a+2b}{b}=\frac{b}{a}+\frac{2a}{b}+2\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}\times\frac{2a}{b}}+2=2\sqrt2+2$,当且仅当 $\frac{b}{a}=\frac{2a}{b}$ 时等号成立。</p>
<h3 id="11、总结"><a href="#11、总结" class="headerlink" title="11、总结"></a>11、总结</h3><p>不等式问题没有固定解法,在高考中难度相当大。这种题目只能靠多刷题积累来的经验,因此应记住做过的题的解法,也要善于利用网络。</p>
<h3 id="链接阅读"><a href="#链接阅读" class="headerlink" title="链接阅读"></a>链接阅读</h3><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/185052402">基本不等式解题技巧(一)(知乎专栏)</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/205447579">基本不等式(二)——多元问题处理技巧(知乎专栏)</a>(友情提醒,这一篇文章贼tm难)</p>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -932,7 +962,7 @@ <h3 id="链接阅读"><a href="#链接阅读" class="headerlink" title="链接
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&nbsp;<i class="fas fa-chart-area"></i>&nbsp;站点总字数:&nbsp;<span
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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions 2023-09-22-CyrxNoteIndex/index.html
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<td>数学</td>
<td><a href="/2023-09-22-CyrxNote-Math-001/">cyrxdzj的文化课学习笔记 数学001 基本不等式</a></td>
<td>2023-09-22 21:58:37</td>
<td>2023-10-16 17:41:27</td>
<td>2023-11-06 20:09:17</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>数学</td>
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<td>数学</td>
<td><a href="/2023-10-09-CyrxNote-Math-004/">cyrxdzj的文化课学习笔记 数学004 函数</a></td>
<td>2023-10-09 07:01:12</td>
<td>2023-11-03 16:47:06</td>
<td>2023-11-07 07:08:06</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>物理</td>
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&nbsp;<i class="fas fa-chart-area"></i>&nbsp;站点总字数:&nbsp;<span
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion 2023-09-23-CyrxNote-Math-002/index.html
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion 2023-09-28-CyrxNote-Chemistry-001/index.html
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion 2023-10-04-CyrxNote-Math-003/index.html
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Expand Up @@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ <h3 id="9、尝试将其它字母分离出来"><a href="#9、尝试将其它字
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25 changes: 22 additions & 3 deletions 2023-10-09-CyrxNote-Math-004/index.html
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<i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw"></i>文章字数:&nbsp;&nbsp;
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Expand Down Expand Up @@ -624,7 +624,15 @@ <h3 id="6、分段函数进阶"><a href="#6、分段函数进阶" class="headerl
</ol>
<p>综上,不等式解集为 $[-2,0]\cup[4,+\infty)$。</p>
</li>
<li></li>
<li><p>解不等式:$0\le f(f(x))\le1$。</p>
<p>嗯,函数嵌套了起来。</p>
<p>我们注意到,无论何时,一定有 $f(x)\ge0$。并且当且仅当 $x=-1$ 时,$f(x)=0$。</p>
<p>当 $x=-1$ 时,$f(f(x))=f(0)=1$,符合不等式。</p>
<p>当 $x\neq-1$ 时,有 $f(x)&gt;0$,这意味着 $f(f(x))$ 一定是分段函数的右边的反比例函数部分。因此,根据 $0\le f(f(x))\le1$ 可以得到 $f(x)\ge4$。</p>
<p>根据图象,我们可以发现,当 $x&lt;-1$ 时,当且仅当 $x\le-3$ 时 $f(x)\ge4$。当 $-1\le x\le0$ 时,二次函数对称轴右边的部分没有值大于 $4$ 的地方。当 $x&gt;0$ 时,当且仅当 $0&lt;x\le1$ 时 $f(x)\ge4$.</p>
<p>综上,解得 $x\le-3$ 或 $x=-1$ 或 $0&lt; x\le1$。</p>
<p>对于此类问题,应通过分类讨论的方式解决,注意分段函数的分段条件中的等于号。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="7、找规律"><a href="#7、找规律" class="headerlink" title="7、找规律"></a>7、找规律</h3><p>已知分段函数 $f(x)=\left\lbrace\begin{matrix}x^2, &amp;x&lt;1, \\f(x-1)-1, &amp;x\ge1,\end{matrix}\right.$,求以下函数的值:</p>
<ol>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -736,6 +744,17 @@ <h3 id="11、函数的平移"><a href="#11、函数的平移" class="headerlink"
<p><img src="../post_image/CyrxNote-Math-004/CyrxNote-Math-004-11.PNG" alt=""></p>
<p>函数平移的同时,定义域、单调区间和值域当然也会随之平移。</p>
<p>事实上,在初中时,我们学的二次函数顶点式,本质上就是平移的产物。</p>
<h3 id="12、将带根号的函数转换为二次函数"><a href="#12、将带根号的函数转换为二次函数" class="headerlink" title="12、将带根号的函数转换为二次函数"></a>12、将带根号的函数转换为二次函数</h3><p>有些时候函数是带根号的。我们都知道,$x\ge0$ 时 $(\sqrt{x})^2=x$。有时我们可以利用这个特点。</p>
<p>例如,求 $y=2x+\sqrt{1-x}$ 的值域。</p>
<p>首先,我们可以发现 $x\le1$。否则函数将无意义。</p>
<p>然后,我们尝试转换一下。</p>
<p>$y=2x+\sqrt{1-x}\\=2x-2+\sqrt{1-x}+2\\-(2-2x)+\sqrt{1-x}+2$</p>
<p>然后,设 $t=\sqrt{1-x}$。我们可以发现 $t\ge0$,以及:</p>
<p>$y=-(2-2x)+\sqrt{1-x}+2=-2t^2+t+2$,我们要求的就是这个玩意的值域。</p>
<p>$y=-2t^2+t+2$ 的对称轴为 $t=\frac14$,此时 $y$ 有最大值,稍微算算可以得出 $\frac{17}{8}$。由于函数的右边不受限制,所以 $y$ 可以取任意小。</p>
<p>综上,函数的值域是 $(-\infty,\frac{17}{8}]$。</p>
<p>图象为:</p>
<p><img src="../post_image/CyrxNote-Math-004/CyrxNote-Math-004-13.PNG" alt=""></p>


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Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1108,7 +1127,7 @@ <h3 id="11、函数的平移"><a href="#11、函数的平移" class="headerlink"
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